Morchella esculenta-lucid ganoderma cultivation method for improving continuous cropping soil of Morchella esculenta

Abstract

The invention discloses a morchella esculenta-ganoderma lucidum cultivation method for improving continuous cropping soil of morchella esculenta, and relates to the technical field of morchella esculenta cultivation, and the method comprises the following steps: in the same land parcel, planting a first round of medium-mushroom morchella esculenta No.1 in November of the first year, and planting ganoderma lucidum after planting a second round of medium-mushroom morchella esculenta No.1 in November of the second year; after harvesting of the medium mushroom morchella No.1 every time, the soil is turned over and aired. By means of the method, the morchella planting frequency can be increased, the morchella yield can be increased, fungus communities in soil can be adjusted by planting ganoderma lucidum twice, vacant land parcels are not needed, the land utilization rate is increased, flora distribution can be adjusted, and ganoderma lucidum harvest can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Morchella cultivation, and in particular to a Morchella-Ganoderma cultivation method for improving Morchella continuous cropping soil. Background Art

[0002] Morel Morchella spp. ) belongs to the phylum Ascomycota Ascomycota 、Petrinomycetes( Pezizomycetes ), Discomycetes ( Pezizales )、Morelaceae( Morchellaceae ), Morchella ( Morchella ), is a delicious edible and medicinal fungus with extremely high nutritional value. Its fruiting body is tender and crispy, rich in protein, multiple vitamins, iron, zinc and other mineral elements. Its unique flavor is favored by food lovers all over the world.

[0003] When morels are cultivated artificially, they need to be covered with soil and have requirements for the humidity and temperature of the growing environment. They are often cultivated in the same area for several consecutive years. The continuous cropping problems after continuous cropping of morels may be related to soil nutrients, physical and chemical properties, microbial communities, autotoxic and allelopathic substances, etc., which are specifically manifested in poor growth of morel mycelium, undifferentiated primordia, decreased yield, smaller ascocarps, and increased incidence of diseases and insect pests.

[0004] Lingzhi Ganoderma spp. ) belongs to the phylum Basidiomycetes ( Basidiomycota ) Agaricus Agaricomycetes ) Polyporeles ( Polyporales ) Polyporaceae ( Polyporaceae ) Ganoderma Ganoderma ), is a natural medicinal fungus with strong environmental adaptability, strong resistance to bacteria and stress, and relatively mature cultivation technology. It has been widely cultivated in China. The cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum has a significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the structure of the microbial community.

[0005] The existing measures to alleviate the problem of continuous cropping of morels are mainly to adjust soil fertility and improve soil microecology through reasonable rotation, intercropping and relay cropping with different crops such as rice and melon, increase the application of biological organic fertilizers, or select different varieties of morels and varieties resistant to continuous cropping for cultivation, which can alleviate the problem of continuous cropping to a certain extent.

[0006] For example, 201911211179.4 discloses a rotation method for Ganoderma lucidum, which first rotates Ganoderma lucidum; after harvesting Ganoderma lucidum, the soil is disinfected and then rotated to Morchella solani, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum is planted after harvesting Morchella solani. This method makes the soil looser by planting Ganoderma lucidum first, which is conducive to the faster growth and fungus of Morchella solani. Planting Morchella solani and then planting Gynostemma pentaphyllum will make the root system of Gynostemma pentaphyllum more developed and the yield of Gynostemma pentaphyllum higher. However, this method only uses Ganoderma lucidum to loosen the soil, and needs to be used in conjunction with Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and cannot achieve the effect of improving the continuous cropping obstacles of Morchella solani. Moreover, this method has not conducted any research on the changes in microorganisms in the soil after application, and it is impossible to determine what method can be used to rotate Ganoderma lucidum and Morchella solani to achieve the effect of regulating the microbial conditions in the soil of continuous cropping Morchella solani.

[0007] Another example is the crop rotation cultivation method of Morchella and Tiger Milk Ganoderma disclosed in CN201910423444.9, which rotates Morchella and Tiger Milk Ganoderma ( Lignosus rhinocerus ), but this method requires multiple soil disinfection, weed removal, transportation, and leveling operations before and after harvesting Tiger Milk Ganoderma. It also requires sun sterilization, mechanical tillage, and 1% lime water soaking for sterilization and deworming before planting morels. The operation is cumbersome, and excessive disinfection can easily destroy the original balance of soil flora, and cannot effectively eliminate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles.

[0008] The information disclosed in the background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0009] In response to the above technical problems, the present application provides a morel-ganoderma cultivation method for improving the soil for continuous cropping of morels. The method establishes an innovative "mushroom-mushroom" rotation model, can improve soil microecology, alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of morels, make full use of the cultivation cycle of morels and ganoderma, reasonably utilize cultivation measures, and make full use of land resources.

[0010] The present application provides a method for cultivating morels and ganoderma lucidum for improving soil for continuous cropping of morels, comprising the following steps: In the same plot: plant the first round of Morchella No. 1 in November of the first year, plant the second round of Morchella No. 1 in November of the second year, and then plant Ganoderma lucidum; After harvesting the middle-sized Morchella No. 1 each time, the soil is plowed and dried; The method of growing Chinese Morel No. 1 includes the following operations: Step S11: Spread 50 kg - 150 kg of quicklime per mu of land to adjust the pH value to 7.0 - 8.0. After the temperature in the shed reaches 60°C - 70°C and is maintained for 2 - 3 weeks, kill the germs and eggs, and make the beds for standby: the width of the bed surface is 0.8 m - 1.2 m, and the width of the ditch between beds is 30 cm, with a depth of 10 cm - 15 cm; Step S12: Before sowing Morchella, pre-wet the soil 1 - 2 times. After wetting, the soil is damp but not sticky. Remove the outer bag of the cultivation bag full of Morchella hyphae, crush and disperse it, and mix it with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1‰ - 5‰ for seed dressing. After the water content of the strain reaches 70%, broadcast it. The usage amount of the strain per mu is 150 kg - 250 kg. After sowing, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 cm - 3 cm to cover all the strains; Step S13: 2 - 3 days after sowing, wait for the hyphae to resume growth, then water thoroughly once, and then directly cover the plastic film on the bed surface, make holes in the film for ventilation. 7 - 15 days after sowing and when the sowing bed surface is covered with hyphae, place the nutrient bags. The usage amount of nutrient bags per mu is 1800 - 2000 bags. When placing the nutrient bags, set one side of the nutrient bag open and close to the soil layer, and place them evenly on the bed surface in a "pin" shape. 40 - 60 days after the nutrient bags are placed, when the hyphae grow full of the nutrient bags, remove the nutrient bags; Step S14: 50 - 70 days after sowing and when the ground temperature gradually rises to 6°C - 8°C and when the conidia begin to subside, use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to water thoroughly 1 - 2 times. If watering thoroughly 2 times, the interval between the two waterings is 10 - 15 days, so that the soil moisture content reaches 20% - 25%, stimulate the formation of primordia, and conduct fruiting management until harvesting; Preferably, this method is applicable to planting in a greenhouse; the Ganoderma lucidum used is the white - fleshed Ganoderma lucidum strain Ganoderma 。

[0011] Preferably, the fruiting stage management in Step S14 includes the following operations: Keep the soil moisture content at 20% - 23% and keep the relative air humidity at 85% - 90%. When the cap of the Morchella fruiting body is 5 cm - 8 cm long, harvest it when it grows to maturity.

[0012] Preferably, the Ganoderma lucidum planting method includes the following steps: Step S21: Sow Ganoderma lucidum that has grown full of hyphae in April of the year after the harvest of Morchella in the second round. Remove the epidermis of the fungus bag full of hyphae, stand it upright in the bed, with a distance of 5 cm - 8 cm between the fungus bags, fill the middle with soil, and cover the top with 2 cm - 3 cm thick loose fine soil; Step S22: After covering the soil, water thoroughly to make the soil fill the gaps between the fungus bags; Step S23: During the growth stage of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, control the environmental temperature at 26°C - 28°C, keep the relative air humidity at 85% - 90%, and spray atomized water into the space 2 - 3 times to maintain the humidity; Step S24: Ganoderma lucidum is harvested when its cap stops growing, the color of the cap is the same as the stalk, the edge of the cap has a curling circle consistent with the color of the cap, that is, 2-3 layers of thickening lines, brown spores are scattered, and the back of the cap is beige to yellow.

[0013] Preferably, in step S23, when the temperature exceeds 28°C and the humidity exceeds 80%, ventilation management is strengthened, and ventilation is performed 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 30 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, after 2 years of continuous cropping of Morchella, the relative abundance of bacterial groups of unclassified genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, genus Arthrobacter, and unclassified genus norank_f__Blastocatellaceae of Bacillaceae increased, and the relative abundance decreased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0015] Preferably, the relative abundance of the unclassified genus norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae, norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, Bacillus, Streptomyces, the unnamed genus norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96 of the class Chloroflexi, and the genus Paenibacillus decreases after two years of continuous cultivation of Morel Mushrooms, and the relative abundance increases after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0016] Preferably, the relative abundance of the fungal groups of Acremonium, unclassified_k__Fungi, Pyrenochaetopsis, Metarhizium, Gliomastix, Cercophora, Penicillium and Sistotrema increases after two years of continuous cropping of Morels, and decreases after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0017] Preferably, the relative abundance of Trichoderma, Cephalotrichum, Mortierella and Volutella fungal groups decreases after 2 years of continuous cultivation of Morchella, and increases after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this application include: 1) The Morchella-Ganoderma cultivation method provided in this application for improving the soil for continuous planting of Morchella, which can secrete a large amount of enzyme substances and organic acids during the growth process of Ganoderma lucidum by using this method, and these substances can decompose macromolecular organic matter in the soil, increase the nutrient content in the soil, and improve the fertility of the soil. Ganoderma lucidum has biological activities such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and its metabolites can inhibit the growth of various pathogens. After continuous planting of Morchella, Ganoderma lucidum is cultivated, and its biological activity is used to inhibit pathogens in the soil, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases. The introduction of Ganoderma lucidum can change the structure of soil microbial communities, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, thereby maintaining the balance of soil microbial communities, helping to improve the health of the soil, and providing more favorable conditions for the growth of Morchella. The method can increase the number of Morchella planting, increase the yield of Morchella, and achieve the regulation of fungal communities in the soil by planting Ganoderma lucidum after two Morchella, without the need for vacant plots, improving land utilization, and regulating the distribution of fungi to obtain Ganoderma lucidum harvest.

[0019] 2) The Morchella-Ganoderma cultivation method for improving the soil for continuous cropping of Morchella provided in the present application, after the rotation of Morchella and Ganoderma, can reduce the increase in the abundance of bacterial groups of unclassified genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, Arthrobacter, and unclassified genus norank_f__Blastocatellaceae of Bacillaceae caused by continuous cropping of Morchella for 2 years; at the same time, it can also increase the abundance of unclassified genus norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae, norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and unnamed genus nora of KD4-96 class of Chloroflexi. The abundance of nk_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96 and Paenibacillus bacterial groups decreased after planting Ganoderma lucidum; the abundance of Trichoderma, Cephalotrichum, Mortierella and Volutella fungal groups increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The actual photos of Morchella cultivation and fruiting in Example 1 provided in this application; Figure 2 The photos of the Ganoderma lucidum growing under soil covering in Example 1 provided in this application; Figure 3 The composition of each bacterial community in each soil sample at the species level in the examples provided in this application, and others in the figure represent other components that have not been analyzed; Figure 4 The composition of each fungal community at the species level in each soil sample in the examples provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Example Unless otherwise specified, the materials and instruments used in the following examples were obtained from commercial channels; the detection methods used were all existing methods unless otherwise specified.

[0023] Example 1 Productivity test of soil-covered cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum after continuous cropping of Morchella The experiment was conducted in Greenhouse No. 3 of the Demonstration Park of Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Baofeng Street, Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province.

[0024] In this embodiment, the planting soil is loose, fertile and easy to retain moisture in mountain red soil, and a planting greenhouse is used for cultivation. The greenhouse is a steel frame greenhouse, 8m wide and 3m high. In this embodiment, the Morchella variety is the six-sister Morchella "Zhongjun Morchella No. 1" independently bred by the Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (Liu Chunli, Liu Shaoxiong, Li Jianying, et al. Breeding of a new Morchella variety "Zhongjun Morchella No. 1" [J]. China Edible, 2020, 39(10): 22-26+36. DOI: 10.13629 / j.cnki.53-1054.2020.10.005.), and the Ganoderma lucidum is a commercially available white meat Ganoderma lucidum strain ( Ganoderma ).

[0025] 1. The first round of morel cultivation method is: in November 2021, the soil was plowed in the No. 3 greenhouse in the Demonstration Park of Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Baofeng Street, Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, and 50kg-150kg of quicklime was sprinkled per acre to adjust the pH value to 7.0-8.0. High temperature was used to make the temperature in the greenhouse reach 60℃-70℃, and it was maintained for 2-3 weeks to kill the pathogens and insect eggs.

[0026] Use it as a ridge for future use, with a bed width of 0.8m to 1.2m, a ditch width of 30cm between beds, and a depth of 10cm to 15cm.

[0027] Pre-wet the soil 1-2 times before sowing, and the soil should be moist and not sticky after wetting. Remove the outer bag of the cultivation bag covered with morel hyphae, crush and scatter it, and mix it with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1‰-5‰. When the water content of the fungus reaches 70%, sowing is done by broadcasting, with the amount of fungus used per mu being 150 kg-250 kg. Cover the soil in time after sowing, covering 2cm-3cm, to ensure that the fungus is completely covered.

[0028] 2 to 3 days after sowing, wait for the mycelium to resume growth, water thoroughly once, then cover the bed surface directly with mulch and punch holes in the mulch for ventilation.

[0029] 7d to 15d after sowing, when the surface of the sowing box is covered with mycelium and white asexual spores (fungus frost) appear, place the nutrient bags, which are filled with: 60% wheat, 20% sawdust, 20% husk, 1% lime, 1% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, 60% water content, and 350g to 500g wet weight per bag. The amount of nutrient bags used for one mu is 1800 to 2000 bags. After one side of the nutrient bag is cut or punched, the cut surface of the nutrient bag is placed close to the soil layer and evenly placed on the box in the shape of a "pin". After the nutrient bag is placed for 40d to 60d, the mycelium will grow all over the nutrient bag, and the nutrients in the nutrient bag have been basically absorbed by the mycelium, and then the nutrient bag is removed.

[0030] 50 to 70 days after sowing and when the ground temperature gradually rises to 6℃ to 8℃ and the conidia begin to subside, use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to water thoroughly 1 to 2 times. If two waterings are used, leave 10 to 15 days between the two waterings to make the soil moisture content reach 20% to 25% to stimulate primordium formation.

[0031] During the fruiting stage, soil moisture should be maintained at 20% to 23% and relative air humidity should be maintained at 85% to 90%. The cap of the Morchella fruiting body is 5 cm to 8 cm long and can be harvested when it grows to maturity. The harvesting site photos are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0032] After all the morels are harvested, the soil is plowed and dried.

[0033] 2. The second round of morel cultivation, the specific method is: in November 2022, repeat the above process in the above soil in the No. 3 greenhouse of the Demonstration Park of Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Baofeng Street, Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, to carry out the second round of morel cultivation to construct morel rotation soil.

[0034] After all the second round of morels are harvested, the soil is plowed and dried once.

[0035] 3. Ganoderma lucidum soil-covered cultivation, the specific method is: in April 2023, Ganoderma lucidum soil-covered cultivation was carried out on the soil of the above-mentioned second round of morel cultivation in the No. 3 greenhouse of the Demonstration Park of Kunming Edible Fungi Research Institute of China National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Baofeng Street, Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Select the mushroom bags full of Ganoderma lucidum hyphae, take off all the mushroom bags, and place them upright in the bed, with a spacing of 5cm to 8cm between the mushroom bags, fill the middle with soil, and cover the top with 2cm to 3cm thick loose fine soil.

[0036] After covering the soil, water thoroughly once to fill the gaps between the fungus bags. During the growth stage of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, the temperature is controlled at 26℃~28℃, the relative humidity of the air is 85%~90%, and water is sprayed into the space 2~3 times to maintain humidity. When the ambient temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 28℃ and the humidity exceeds 80%, ventilation management should be strengthened. Generally, ventilation should be carried out 2~3 times a day, each time for 30 minutes.

[0037] Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested when the cap stops growing, the cap color is the same as the handle, the edge of the cap has a curling circle consistent with the cap color, that is, 2-3 layers of thickening lines, and brown spores are scattered, and the back of the cap is beige to yellow. Figure 2 shown.

[0038] Statistics show that the average yield of morels per mu was 303kg in the first year, 198kg in the second year, and 521kg for Ganoderma lucidum. This shows that the yield of morels decreased with the increase of crop rotation times, but the yield of Ganoderma lucidum was effectively improved after intercropping.

[0039] Example 2 Analysis of microorganisms in soil at each stage Five samples of uncultivated natural soil (code W), five samples of soil from the first round of Morchella cultivation (code M1), five samples of soil after the second round of Morchella cultivation (code M2), and five samples of soil after the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation were harvested (code L1), and five replicates were set for each treatment. A soil DNA extraction kit (Omega Bio-tek Inc, USA) was used to extract the total bacterial and fungal DNA from each soil sample. The DNA extraction method was performed according to the instruction manual of the kit. After the obtained DNA passed the quality inspection, it was sent to Shanghai Meiji Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. for MiSeq high-throughput sequencing.

[0040] The sequencing results were compared and analyzed on the biological cloud analysis platform (www.majorbio.com) of Shanghai Major Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Figure 3 , Figure 4 shown.

[0041] It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that at the genus level, after 2 years of continuous cropping of Morels, the relative abundance of bacterial groups of unclassified genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, Arthrobacter, and unclassified genus norank_f__Blastocatellaceae of Bacillaceae increased, and the relative abundance decreased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, and some indicators decreased to a level close to that of uncultivated soil; the relative abundance of unclassified genus norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae, norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, Bacillus, Streptomyces, unnamed genus norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96 of Chloroflexi, and Paenibacillus decreased after 2 years of continuous cropping of Morels, and increased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, and some indicators increased to a level close to that of uncultivated soil. The relative abundance of Acremonium, unclassified_k__Fungi, Pyrenochaetopsis, Metarhizium, Gliomastix, Cercophora, Penicillium and Sistotrema fungal groups increased after two years of continuous cropping of Morel Mushroom, and decreased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, with some indicators decreasing to levels close to those of uncultivated soil; the relative abundance of Trichoderma, Cephalotrichum, Mortierella and Volutella fungal groups decreased after two years of continuous cropping of Morel Mushroom, and increased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, with some indicators increasing to levels close to those of uncultivated soil.

[0042] The main problem of continuous cropping of morels is that continuous cropping leads to a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil, which reduces the ability to resist pathogens. At the same time, pathogens such as Penicillium and Trichoderma proliferate in large numbers, seriously endangering the growth and development of morels, resulting in a serious reduction in the production of morels.

[0043] Table 1 Changes in abundance of bacterial communities at the genus level in soil samples The data in the table are mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) after the data in the same column indicate significant differences. Table 2 Changes in abundance of fungal communities at the genus level in soil samples The data in the table are mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) after the data in the same column indicate significant differences. For the changes in microorganisms in each soil sample, see Figure 3~4 ,Depend on Figure 3 , Figure 4 It can be seen from the species level that the diversity of soil bacterial communities decreased and the diversity of fungal communities increased during the continuous cropping of morels, indicating that cultivating Ganoderma lucidum can repair the diversity of soil bacterial communities, increase the diversity of fungal communities, inhibit bacterial diversity, and avoid the aggregation of bacterial populations to form bacterial growth advantages, thereby benefiting the balanced development of various fungal strains in the soil.

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Morchella-Ganoderma lucidum for improving Morchella continuous cropping soil, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: On the same plot: In November of the first year, the first round of Zhongjun Morchella 1 is planted. In November of the second year, after planting the second round of Zhongjun Morchella 1, Ganoderma lucidum is planted. After each harvest of Zhongjun Morchella 1, the soil is plowed and sun-dried. The planting method of Zhongjun Morchella 1 includes the following operations: Step S11: Spread 50 kg - 150 kg of quicklime per mu of plot to adjust the pH value to 7.0 - 8.

0. After the temperature in the shed reaches 60°C - 70°C and is maintained for 2 - 3 weeks, the germs and insect eggs are killed and used for making beds: The width of the bed surface is 0.8 m - 1.2 m, and the width of the ditch between beds is 30 cm, with a depth of 10 cm - 15 cm. Step S12: Before sowing Morchella, pre-wet the soil 1 - 2 times. After wetting, the soil is damp but not sticky. Remove the outer bag of the cultivation bag full of Morchella hyphae, crush and disperse it, and mix it with potassium dihydrogen phosphate or aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1‰ - 5‰ for seed dressing. After the water content of the strain reaches 70%, broadcast it. The amount of strain used per mu is 150 kg - 250 kg. After sowing, cover the soil with a thickness of 2 cm - 3 cm to cover all the strains. Step S13: 2 - 3 days after sowing, wait for the hyphae to resume growth, then spray and water thoroughly once, and then directly cover the plastic film on the bed surface, make holes in the film for ventilation. 7 - 15 days after sowing and when the sowing bed surface is covered with hyphae, place the nutrient bags. The amount of nutrient bags per mu is 1800 - 2000 bags. When placing the nutrient bags, set one side of the nutrient bag open and close to the soil layer, and place them evenly on the bed surface in a "pin" shape. After the nutrient bags are placed for 40 - 60 days and the hyphae grow full of the nutrient bags, remove the nutrient bags. Step S14: 50 - 70 days after sowing and when the ground temperature gradually rises to 6°C - 8°C and when the conidia begin to subside, use drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation to water thoroughly 1 - 2 times. If watering thoroughly 2 times, the interval between the two waterings is 10 - 15 days, so that the soil moisture content reaches 20% - 25%, stimulate the formation of primordia, and manage the fruiting until harvest.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that This method is suitable for cultivation in greenhouses; the ganoderma used is the white flesh ganoderma species Ganoderma .

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The management in the fruiting stage in Step S14 includes the following operations: Keep the soil moisture content at 20% - 23% and keep the relative air humidity at 85% - 90%. When the cap of the Morchella fruiting body is 5 cm - 8 cm long, harvest it when it grows to maturity.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method of Ganoderma lucidum includes the following steps: Step S21: Sow and grow Ganoderma lucidum in April of the next year after the second round of Zhongjun Morchella 1 is harvested. Remove the epidermis of the fungus bag full of hyphae, stand it upright in the bed, and the distance between the fungus bags is 5 cm - 8 cm. Fill the middle with soil and cover the top with 2 cm - 3 cm thick loose fine soil. Step S22: After covering the soil, water thoroughly to make the soil fill the gaps between the fungus bags. Step S23: During the growth stage of the Ganoderma fruiting body, control the environmental temperature at 26°C - 28°C, and the relative air humidity at 85% - 90%. Spray atomized water into the space 2 - 3 times to keep the humidity. Step S24: Cultivate until the cap of Ganoderma stops growing, the color of the cap is the same as that of the stalk, there is a curling circle with the same color as the cap at the edge of the cap, that is, 2 - 3 layers of thickening lines, and when brown spores fly and the back of the cap is light yellow to yellow, harvest it.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S23, when the temperature exceeds 28°C and the humidity exceeds 80%, ventilation management is strengthened, and ventilation is performed 2 to 3 times a day, each time for 30 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After two years of continuous cultivation of Morchella, the relative abundance of bacterial groups of unclassified genus norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae, genus Arthrobacter, and unclassified genus norank_f__Blastocatellaceae of Bacillaceae increased, and the relative abundance decreased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The relative abundance of unclassified genus norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae, norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, Bacillus, Streptomyces, unnamed genus norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4-96, and Paenibacillus of the phylum KD4-96 decreased after two years of continuous cultivation of Morel, but increased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The relative abundance of Acremonium, unclassified_k__Fungi, Pyrenochaetopsis, Metarhizium, Gliomastix, Cercophora, Penicillium and Sistotrema fungal groups increased after two years of continuous cropping of Morel Mushrooms, and decreased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relative abundance of Trichoderma, Cephalotrichum, Mortierella, and Volutella fungal groups decreased after two years of continuous cultivation of Morel, but increased after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum.

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