Cultivation and silage storage method for forage grass utilization of highland barley

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a cultivation method for forage grass utilization of green highland barley seedlings, which comprises the following cultivation steps: S1, selection and treatment of highland barley seeds; s2, land preparation and fertilization; s3, sowing the seeds; s4, harvesting green seedlings and harvesting seeds; the invention also discloses a silage storage method, which comprises the following steps: airing the green highland barley seedlings to control the water content to be 60-70%, cutting the green highland barley seedlings into sections of 2-3cm by using a crusher, then loading the cut green highland barley seedlings into silage bags with the loading quantity being 80% of the volume of the silage bags, horizontally placing the silage bags, leveling the highland barley in the silage bags at the same time, and carrying out silage storage. After compacting, exhausting air, and tidily stacking; the invention aims to meet the demand of livestock on forage grass on the premise of ensuring the yield of highland barley, prolong the storage time of the highland barley forage grass and relieve the seasonal shortage problem of the forage grass, and is suitable for cultivation of highland barley and storage of highland barley seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a cultivation and silage storage method for highland barley as forage. Background Art

[0002] Highland barley is not only the staple food of the Tibetan people in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but also the characteristic and advantageous crop of the region, and the main source of forage for cattle and sheep in the region. Highland barley seedlings have the advantages of fast growth, low temperature resistance, suitable for grazing, and high protein content. However, the ecological environment in the high-altitude cold areas is fragile. When the highland barley seedlings grow, the pasture in the high-altitude cold areas has not yet turned green, resulting in a lack of forage for livestock and a serious seasonal shortage of forage.

[0003] Therefore, how to harvest highland barley before the grass turns green again to meet the livestock's demand for forage while ensuring the yield of highland barley is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a cultivation and silage storage method for highland barley forage utilization, which can meet the demand of livestock for forage under the premise of ensuring highland barley yield, and at the same time extend the storage time of highland barley forage, and alleviate the problem of seasonal shortage of forage.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A cultivation method for utilizing young highland barley seedlings as forage comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Seed selection and treatment: Select highland barley seeds with fast regeneration recovery rate after mowing and good luxuriance of aboveground parts. After drying, the highland barley seeds are mixed with pesticides to prevent and eliminate seed-borne diseases;

[0008] S2. Land preparation and fertilization: clean up the debris in the field, apply organic fertilizer, pure nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide, and shallowly plow into the tillage layer;

[0009] S3, sowing: sowing by row sowing;

[0010] S4. Harvesting of seedlings and grains: When the barley enters the peak tillering period, the barley seedlings are harvested by mowing, and then the barley grains and barley straw are harvested normally after the barley enters the maturity period.

[0011] Furthermore, in S1, the highland barley seeds are Kunlun No. 18 or Kunlun No. 14.

[0012] Furthermore, in S1, the drying time of highland barley seeds is 1 to 2 days.

[0013] Furthermore, in S1, when dressing the seeds with the pesticide, 15% of hydroxycarboxin or chloranil is used for dressing the seeds.

[0014] Furthermore, in S2, the shallow tillage depth is 15 to 20 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in S2, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 3.000-4.500 t / hm 2 , the amount of pure nitrogen applied is 0.030~0.035t / hm 2 The amount of phosphorus pentoxide applied is 0.040~0.045t / hm 2 .

[0016] Furthermore, in S3, the seeding rate is 0.270-0.450 t / hm 2 The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in S4, the stubble height at the base of the highland barley during mowing is greater than 8 cm.

[0018] A silage storage method comprises the following steps: drying highland barley and controlling its water content to 60-70%, cutting the highland barley into segments of 2-3 cm by a crusher, and then loading the segments into silage bags, wherein the loading amount is 80% of the volume of the silage bags, and then placing the silage bags horizontally, flattening the highland barley in the silage bags, and exhausting the air after compacting, and stacking the segments neatly.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the technical solution:

[0020] 1. The present invention mixes the seeds with chemicals before planting, provides the seeds with influencing substances in advance, and effectively improves the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds.

[0021] 2. The present invention harvests highland barley seedlings by mowing, effectively avoiding excessive growth of highland barley, reducing the occurrence of insect pests, enhancing the lodging resistance of highland barley plants, increasing grain yield, and can harvest highland barley seedlings for the preparation of high-quality supplementary feed.

[0022] 3. The present invention preserves highland barley seedlings through an silage storage method, and the prepared seedling silage can effectively alleviate the seasonal shortage of forage and feed, and can reduce the consumption of natural grasslands in high-altitude cold areas by livestock, which is helpful to the protection of the ecological environment in high-altitude cold areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for cultivating young highland barley seedlings for forage;

[0024] Figure 2It is a statistical diagram of highland barley straw yield in Example 4, in which CK represents uncut, and highland barley straw and highland barley grain are normally harvested after the highland barley maturity period; T1 represents cutting highland barley during the peak period of highland barley tillering; T2 represents cutting highland barley 3 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T3 represents cutting highland barley 6 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T4 represents cutting highland barley during the early stage of highland barley jointing;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a fresh weight statistical diagram of the highland barley seedlings in Example 4, in which CK represents uncut, and highland barley straw and highland barley grain are normally harvested after the highland barley maturity period; T1 represents cutting highland barley during the peak period of highland barley tillering; T2 represents cutting highland barley 3 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T3 represents cutting highland barley 6 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T4 represents cutting highland barley during the early stage of highland barley jointing;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a dry weight statistical diagram of the highland barley seedlings in Example 4, in which CK represents uncut, and highland barley straw and highland barley grain are normally harvested after the highland barley maturity period; T1 represents cutting highland barley during the peak period of highland barley tillering; T2 represents cutting highland barley 3 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T3 represents cutting highland barley 6 days after the peak period of highland barley tillering; T4 represents cutting highland barley during the early stage of highland barley jointing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0028] Example 1 Cultivating highland barley

[0029] The steps of cultivating highland barley in embodiment 1 are as follows Figure 1 As shown:

[0030] S1. Selection and treatment of seeds: Select Kunlun No. 18 highland barley seeds, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and then use 15% hydroxycarboxin to treat the highland barley seeds;

[0031] S2. Land preparation and fertilization: clean up the debris in the field and apply 4,500t / hm2 of organic fertilizer 2 , pure nitrogen 0.035t / hm 2 , phosphorus pentoxide 0.045t / hm 2 , then shallowly plow the fertilizer into the tillage layer 18cm;

[0032] S3. Sowing: Sowing is carried out using a precision seeder with a GPS module. The sowing method is row sowing and the sowing rate is 0.30t / hm 2 , the sowing depth is 4cm;

[0033] S4. Harvesting of seedlings and grains: First, when the barley enters the peak tillering period, the barley seedlings are harvested first, and the stubble height at the base of the barley is 8 cm when mowing; secondly, when the barley enters the maturity period after mowing, the barley grains and barley straw are harvested normally.

[0034] Comparative Example 2: Measuring the difference in highland barley yield between harvesting highland barley by mowing and harvesting highland barley by not mowing. The implementation steps of Comparative Example 2 are the same as those of Example 1, except that in S4;

[0035] In S4 of Example 1, first, after the highland barley enters the peak tillering period, the highland barley seedlings are harvested by mowing, and the stubble height at the base of the highland barley during mowing is 8 cm; secondly, after the mowed highland barley enters the maturity period, the highland barley grains and highland barley straw are harvested normally.

[0036] In S4 of Comparative Example 2, after the highland barley reaches maturity, the highland barley grains and highland barley straw are harvested normally;

[0037] Table 1 Comparison of yields between mowing and unmowing:

[0038]

[0039] Table 2 Comparison of feeding quality between mowed seedlings and unmowed straw:

[0040]

[0041] As shown in Table 1, after comparison, when the mowing method is chosen to harvest barley seedlings, the measured yield of barley grains is 364.00 kg / mu, and when the unmowing method is chosen to harvest barley straw, the measured yield of barley grains is 340.00 kg / mu. When mowing is chosen to harvest, the measured yield of barley grains is higher.

[0042] As shown in Table 2, by comparison, the ash, crude protein and crude fat contents of highland barley seedlings are higher than those of highland barley straw, and the crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of highland barley seedlings are lower than those of highland barley straw. Gray, crude protein and crude fat are easily digestible substances for livestock, while crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber are indigestible substances for livestock. When highland barley seedlings harvested by mowing are selected as forage, they are easier to digest by livestock and easier to fatten livestock.

[0043] Comparative Example 3: Measuring the Effect of Sowing Rate of Highland Barley Seeds on Highland Barley

[0044] The implementation steps of Comparative Example 3 are the same as those of Example 1, except that in S3;

[0045] The sowing rate in Example 1 is 0.30 t / hm 2 ;

[0046] The sowing rate in Comparative Example 3 was 0.27 t / hm 2 、0.375t / hm 2 and 0.45t / hm 2 .

[0047] Table 3 Effect of different seeding rates on population structure:

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 4 Effect of different seeding rates on highland barley yield:

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 3, by comparison, with the increase of sowing amount, the number of basic seedlings also increases, and the maximum number of stems and the number of ears per mu also increase to a certain extent. However, when the sowing amount reaches a certain amount, with the increase of sowing amount, the maximum number of stems and the number of ears per mu will decrease to a certain extent. When the sowing amount is 0.375t / hm 2 When it is around, the seeding amount may be optimal.

[0053] As shown in Table 4, after comparison, when the sowing amount is before a certain amount, with the increase of sowing amount, the number of grains per ear, seedling yield and grain yield of highland barley will increase accordingly. When the sowing amount reaches a certain amount, with the increase of sowing amount, the number of grains per ear, seedling yield and grain yield of highland barley will gradually decrease. When the sowing amount is 0.375t / hm 2 When it is around, the seeding amount may be optimal.

[0054] Example 4: Measuring the influence of highland barley seed varieties and highland barley cutting and cutting periods on highland barley straw yield and highland barley seedling yield

[0055] Step 1: Select Kunlun No. 14, Kunlun No. 18, and Chaiqing No. 1 highland barley seeds respectively, dry the seeds for 1-2 days, and then use 15% hydroxycarboxin to treat the highland barley seeds;

[0056] Step 2: Select 15 plots of sowing land and apply 4,500 t / hm2 of organic fertilizer to each plot of sowing land. 2 , pure nitrogen 0.035t / hm 2 , phosphorus pentoxide 0.045t / hm 2 , then shallowly plow the fertilizer into the tillage layer 18cm;

[0057] Step 3: Select 5 plots of land to sow Kunlun No. 14 highland barley seeds, select 5 plots of land to sow Kunlun No. 18 highland barley seeds, and select 5 plots of land to sow Chaiqing No. 1 highland barley seeds. The sowing method is row sowing, and the sowing rate is 0.30t / hm 2 , the sowing depth is 4cm;

[0058] Step 4: 5 sowing plots of Kunlun No. 14 were sown, of which 1 sowing plot was selected after the barley entered the maturity stage, and the barley grains and barley straws were harvested normally; the other 4 sowing plots were mowed and harvested at the peak tillering stage of barley, 3 days after the peak tillering stage, 6 days after the peak tillering stage, and the early stage of jointing, and the mowing stubble height was 8 cm. After the barley matured, the barley grains and barley straws were harvested;

[0059] Among the 5 sowing plots of Kunlun No. 18, one sowing plot was selected after the barley entered the maturity stage, and the barley grains and barley straws were harvested normally; the other 4 sowing plots were mowed and harvested at the peak tillering stage of barley, 3 days after the peak tillering stage, 6 days after the peak tillering stage, and the early stage of jointing, with the mowing stubble height of 8 cm, and then the barley grains and barley straws were harvested after the barley matured;

[0060] There were 5 sowing plots of Chaiqing No. 1, of which 1 plot was selected after the barley entered maturity, and the barley grains and barley straws were harvested normally; the other 4 plots were selected for harvesting barley seedlings at the peak tillering stage, 3 days after the peak tillering stage, 6 days after the peak tillering stage, and in the early stage of jointing, with the stubble height of 8 cm. After the barley matured, the barley grains and barley straws were harvested.

[0061] like Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown: CK in the figure represents uncut, and barley straw and barley grains are harvested normally after maturity; T1 in the figure represents cutting barley at the peak tillering stage of barley; T2 in the figure represents cutting barley 3 days after the peak tillering stage of barley; T3 in the figure represents cutting barley 6 days after the peak tillering stage of barley; T4 in the figure represents cutting barley in the early stage of barley jointing;

[0062] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the unmowing treatment, the straw yield of 'Kunlun No. 14' increased by 8.51% when mowing was carried out at the peak tillering stage of highland barley; the straw yield of 'Kunlun No. 18' increased by 9.21%; and the straw yield of 'Chaiqing No. 1' decreased by 0.57%. With the delay of the mowing period, the straw yield of each highland barley variety showed a significant downward trend. This shows that mowing at the peak tillering stage is conducive to obtaining higher highland barley straw forage. Under the same mowing period, the straw yield of 'Kunlun No. 14' is significantly higher than that of other varieties.

[0063] Depend on Figure 3-Figure 4It can be seen that with the delay of mowing period, the fresh weight yield and dry weight yield of highland barley seedlings both showed a significant increasing trend, which indicates that delayed mowing can harvest more highland barley seedlings forage.

[0064] Example 5 Silage Storage of Highland Barley Seedlings

[0065] The moisture content of the highland barley seedlings is controlled to 60-70% after drying, and the highland barley seedlings are cut into 2-3 cm segments by a crusher. The cut highland barley seedlings are then put into silage bags, and the amount of the silage bags is 80% of the volume of the silage bags. The silage bags are then placed horizontally, and the highland barley in the silage bags is leveled, compacted, and the air is exhausted, and the bags are neatly stacked.

[0066] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for utilizing young highland barley seedlings as forage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seed selection and treatment: Select highland barley seeds with fast regeneration recovery rate after mowing and good luxuriance of aboveground parts. After drying, the highland barley seeds are mixed with pesticides to prevent and eliminate seed-borne diseases; S2. Land preparation and fertilization: clean up the debris in the field, apply organic fertilizer, pure nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide, and shallowly plow into the tillage layer; S3, sowing: sowing by row sowing; S4. Harvesting of seedlings and grains: When the barley enters the peak tillering period, the barley seedlings are harvested by mowing, and then the barley grains and barley straw are harvested normally after the barley enters the maturity period.

2. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the highland barley seeds used were Kunlun No. 18 or Kunlun No.

14.

3. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the drying time of highland barley seeds is 1 to 2 days.

4. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, when dressing the seeds with pesticides, 15% of hydroxycarboxin or chloranil was used for dressing.

5. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the shallow tillage depth was 15 to 20 cm.

6. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 3.000~4.500t / hm 2 , the amount of pure nitrogen applied is 0.030~0.035t / hm 2 The amount of phosphorus pentoxide applied is 0.040~0.045t / hm 2 .

7. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the seeding rate is 0.270~0.450t / hm 2 The sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

8. The method for cultivating highland barley seedlings as forage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the stubble height at the base of the highland barley when mowing was more than 8 cm.

9. A method for storing and silaging highland barley cultivated by a cultivation method for utilizing highland barley seedlings as forage according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Dry the highland barley and control its moisture content to 60-70%, cut the highland barley into 2-3 cm segments using a crusher and put them into silage bags, the amount of which is 80% of the volume of the silage bags, then place the silage bags horizontally, flatten the highland barley in the silage bags, compact them, exhaust all the air, and stack them neatly.

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