Composition and application thereof in promoting filling and well cooking of rapeseeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition and application thereof in promoting filling and well cooking of rapeseeds. The composition disclosed by the invention contains ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine. The ethephon is compounded with pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine, so that the development and maturation period of rape siliques is shortened, the ripening of rapeseeds is promoted, the filling of the rapeseeds can be promoted, and the thousand seed weight and yield of the rape are further improved; the risk that the thousand seed weight and the yield of the rape can be obviously reduced due to the improper use amount of ethephon which can promote the complete ripening of the rape seeds is avoided. In addition, the composition also has the advantages of being green and safe, and the composition does not contain toxic and harmful components, so that the safety risk possibly caused by ripening the rapeseeds by using herbicides is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and more specifically, relates to a composition and its application in promoting rapeseed filling and maturation. Background Art

[0002] Affected by factors such as population growth, my country's oil consumption demand has been increasing continuously. However, due to the large gap between supply and demand, my country's oil is still a net importer and has a high degree of external dependence.

[0003] Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop. It can not only be used to extract oil, but also as feed, green manure, honey source, etc. In order to increase the yield of rapeseed, planting techniques such as reasonable close planting and timely sowing can be adopted to improve the photosynthesis efficiency and resource utilization rate of rapeseed. For example, in the double-season rice area in southern my country, rapeseed is planted in rice fields in winter, which improves land utilization and vegetable oil self-sufficiency, and increases agricultural economic benefits. However, the growth period of existing rapeseed varieties is relatively long, and the tight harvest season has become the key to restricting rapeseed production. On the other hand, the traditional manual harvesting method requires the rapeseed to be cut and transported to the outside of the field, and then threshed after the rapeseed is fully condensed for several days. It is time-consuming and laborious, and the loss rate is generally above 15%. The realization of mechanized one-time harvesting is an inevitable requirement for the development of rapeseed production, but mechanized harvesting has high requirements for the consistency of rapeseed maturity. Since rapeseed has the habit of unlimited flowering and pod formation, the siliques on different branches of the plant mature at different times, or are affected by the sowing period of the next crop, resulting in the siliques on different parts of the plant not being able to mature uniformly (mature uniformly), making it difficult to mechanically harvest at one time or causing a high loss rate. Therefore, when rapeseed is approaching maturity, the use of chemical ripening technology to promote the development and maturity of siliques and shorten the silique development and maturity period is not only an effective way to resolve the seasonal contradiction between double-season rice and rapeseed, but also enables all siliques to mature uniformly, thereby improving the efficiency of mechanized harvesting operations and reducing harvest losses.

[0004] However, the ripening agents currently used in rapeseed production have a great impact on the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, which will lead to a significant reduction in yield. In particular, the use of herbicides for ripening may also have an impact on human health. For example, ethephon is a plant growth regulator that can induce the release of endogenous ethylene in plants. It has a good effect on promoting maturity and dehydration, but it cannot increase rapeseed yield while promoting the full maturity of rapeseed. If the spraying time and dosage are inappropriate, ethephon will significantly reduce the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed. Herbicides such as glyphosate can significantly promote the maturation of rapeseed siliques and shorten the development and maturity period of siliques; but their impact on rapeseed yield is also very significant, which will lead to a large reduction in rapeseed yield. In addition, herbicides such as glyphosate can stimulate the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, etc., which will have an impact on health. Therefore, in the actual production of rapeseed, it is not appropriate to use herbicides to ripen rapeseed.

[0005] In addition, although there are ripening agents or yield increasers for other plants, different plants have different nutritional requirements, and the same substance can have different effects in different plants. For example, compared with ammonium sulfate, L-glutamine can significantly increase the dry matter mass of rice and improve its weight index, but L-phenylalanine and the like cannot increase the dry matter mass of rice (DOI: 10.3864 / j.issn.0578-1752.1984-17-05-61-66.). That is, the existing ripening agents or yield increasers for other plants may not necessarily be used for rapeseed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for products and methods that can promote the filling and ripening of rapeseed, increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, which is also an urgent need for mechanized, green, high-yield and efficient production of rapeseed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a composition in view of the lack of existing preparations and methods that can shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques and promote the filling and uniform maturity of rapeseed. The composition of the present invention can not only shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques, but also increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, and can be used to prepare products that shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques and increase the thousand-grain weight and / or yield of rapeseed. Based on the composition, the present invention also provides a method for promoting the filling and uniform maturity of rapeseed, which makes up for the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] The first object of the present invention is to provide a composition.

[0008] The second object of the present invention is to provide the use of the composition in shortening the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques.

[0009] The third object of the present invention is to provide a use of the composition in preparing a product for shortening the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques.

[0010] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide use of the composition in increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

[0011] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide use of the composition in preparing a product for increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

[0012] The sixth object of the present invention is to provide use of the composition in increasing rapeseed yield.

[0013] The seventh object of the present invention is to provide use of the composition in preparing a product for increasing rapeseed yield.

[0014] The eighth object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the filling and full maturity of rapeseed.

[0015] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0016] The present invention has been found through continuous debugging that the compounding of ethephon with pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine can shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques and promote the uniform maturity of rapeseed, and can also promote the filling of rapeseed, thereby increasing the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, which is beneficial to the mechanical harvesting and yield increase of rapeseed. Therefore, the present invention claims protection for the composition.

[0017] The invention provides a composition, which contains ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine.

[0018] Specifically, the composition consists of ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine.

[0019] Specifically, in the composition, the weight percentage of ethephon is 40.8% to 44.4%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 21.1% to 23.1%, the weight percentage of alanine is 18.1% to 19.9%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 15.4% to 17.2%.

[0020] More specifically, in the composition, the weight percentage of ethephon is 41.3% to 43.9%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 21.6% to 22.6%, the weight percentage of alanine is 18.6% to 19.4%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 15.9% to 16.7%.

[0021] Preferably, in the composition, the weight percentage of ethephon is 41.3%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 22.6%, the weight percentage of alanine is 19.4%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 16.7%.

[0022] When the composition of this ratio is mixed with water to form a solution and applied to rapeseed, it can not only shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques, but also the thousand-grain weight and yield of the obtained rapeseed are relatively the highest, significantly higher than the application of equal quality ethephon alone, and the comprehensive effect is the best. In view of the fact that the use of the composition of the present invention can shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques, promote the filling and full maturity of rapeseed, and increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed. Therefore, the present invention also claims the following applications of the composition:

[0023] The present invention claims to protect the use of the composition in shortening the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques.

[0024] The present invention also claims to protect the use of the composition in preparing a product for shortening the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques.

[0025] The present invention also claims to protect the use of the composition in increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

[0026] The present invention also claims to protect the use of the composition in preparing a product for increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

[0027] The present invention also claims to protect the use of the composition in increasing rapeseed yield.

[0028] The present invention also claims to protect the use of the composition in preparing a product for increasing rapeseed yield.

[0029] Optionally, the product is a solution.

[0030] Optionally, the solution is prepared by preparing the composition of the present invention and water.

[0031] Specifically, in the solution, the mass ratio of the composition to water is 1:20-30.

[0032] More specifically, in the solution, the mass ratio of the composition to water is 1:25.

[0033] The application of the solution in shortening the development and maturation period of rapeseed siliques, increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed and / or increasing the yield of rapeseed should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the variety of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is Qingza No. 10.

[0035] Based on the composition described in the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for promoting rapeseed filling and full maturity, the method comprising: preparing a solution of the composition described in the present invention and water in a mass ratio of 1:20 to 30, and spraying the solution on rapeseed plants; spraying 28 to 32 kg of the solution per acre of rapeseed.

[0036] Specifically, the solution is sprayed at a rate of 28 to 32 kg of water per mu of land when 50% of the siliques in the field are yellow and ripe.

[0037] More specifically, the mass ratio of the composition to water is 1:25.

[0038] More specifically, 30 kg of the solution was sprayed per acre of rapeseed.

[0039] Specifically, the rapeseed variety is Qingza No. 10. The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention provides a composition containing ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine. When 50% of the siliques of rapeseed are yellow and ripe, the composition of the present invention is mixed with water in proportion to prepare a solution and sprayed on rapeseed plants, which can shorten the development and maturity period of rapeseed siliques and promote the uniform ripening of rapeseed, and can also promote the filling of rapeseed, thereby increasing the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, avoiding the risk that the use of ethephon alone can promote the uniform ripening of rapeseed but the improper use will significantly reduce the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed. In addition, the composition of the present invention also has the advantages of being green, safe, easy to use, small in amount, and low in cost, because its components do not contain toxic and harmful components, avoiding the safety risks that may be caused by using herbicides to ripen rapeseed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0043] The rapeseed variety used in the embodiment of the present invention is Qingza No. 10, which is provided by the College of Agriculture of South China Agricultural University.

[0044] The ethephon used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Guoguang Company; the pyruvic acid used was purchased from Maclean Company with product number P815676; the alanine used was purchased from Maclean Company with product number D800716; and the methionine used was purchased from Maclean Company with product number D813469.

[0045] Example 1 Preparation of Composition 1 and Method of Use

[0046] This embodiment provides a composition, which is recorded as composition 1. Specifically, the composition consists of ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine, wherein the weight percentage of ethephon is 41.3%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 22.6%, the weight percentage of alanine is 19.4%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 16.7%.

[0047] After the ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine are uniformly mixed according to the weight of this embodiment, they can be packaged for use.

[0048] When used, the composition is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:20-30 to prepare a solution, and when 50% of the siliques are yellow and ripe, the solution is sprayed on rapeseed plants at a spraying rate of 28-32 kg of water per mu of land.

[0049] After spraying the solution, compared with naturally mature rapeseed, one-time mechanical harvesting and threshing can be carried out 3 to 4 days earlier.

[0050] Example 2 Preparation of Composition 2 and Method of Use

[0051] This embodiment provides a composition, which is recorded as composition 2. Specifically, the composition consists of ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine, wherein the weight percentage of ethephon is 43.9%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 21.6%, the weight percentage of alanine is 18.6%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 15.9%.

[0052] After the ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine are uniformly mixed according to the weight of this embodiment, they can be packaged for use.

[0053] When used, the composition is mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:20-30 to prepare a solution, and when 50% of the siliques are yellow and ripe, the solution is sprayed on rapeseed plants at a spraying rate of 28-32 kg of water per mu of land.

[0054] After spraying the solution, compared with naturally mature rapeseed, one-time mechanical harvesting and threshing can be carried out 3 to 4 days earlier.

[0055] Example 3 A method for promoting rapeseed filling and maturation

[0056] Based on the composition described in Examples 1 to 2 of the present invention, the present invention further provides a method for promoting the filling and maturation of rapeseed, the method comprising: preparing a solution by mixing any of the compositions described in Examples 1 to 2 with water at a mass ratio of 1:20 to 30, and spraying the solution on rapeseed plants at a spraying rate of 28 to 32 kg of the solution per mu of land when 50% of the siliques are yellow and ripe. Using the compositions described in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention and the method for promoting the filling and maturation of rapeseed of the present invention, the present invention detects the effects of the compositions on the development and maturation period of rapeseed siliques and rapeseed yield, etc.

[0057] The details are as follows:

[0058] The present invention uses the composition described in Examples 1 to 2 (recorded as treatments 1 to 2), and prepares solutions with water at a mass ratio of 1:25. When 50% of the siliques are yellow and ripe (10 days before natural maturity), the prepared solutions are sprayed on rapeseed plants at a spraying amount of 30 kg of solution per mu of land, and the silique development and maturity period, yield and its component factors (effective number of plants, number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique and thousand-grain weight) of the rapeseed are measured. The measurement method refers to "Experiments in Crop Cultivation" (2014) edited by Chen Xinhong and published by Nanjing University Press.

[0059] For comparison, the present invention also sets up 3 different control groups, which are sprayed with clean water (denoted as CK1), sprayed with ethephon (denoted as CK2) and sprayed with herbicide (glyphosate, Bayer, pesticide registration number: PD73-88) (denoted as CK3); wherein the spraying amounts of CK1, CK2 and CK3 are the same as those of the treatment groups, and the difference between CK2 and CK3 and the treatment groups is only that the solutes used to prepare the solution are different, the treatment group is the composition described in Example 1 or Example 2, CK2 is an equal mass of ethephon, and CK3 is an equal mass of glyphosate.

[0060] The effects of the treatment groups and the control group on the development and maturity period, yield and its components of rapeseed siliques are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 Effects of treatment and control groups on the development and maturity of rapeseed siliques and their yield and components

[0062]

[0063] In the table, a and b represent the results of biostatistical analysis; if the letters are the same, such as a, it means there is no difference between the control and treatment groups; if the letters are different, such as b for the control and a for the treatment, it means there is a significant difference between the control and treatment groups (p < 0.05).

[0064] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control group sprayed with clear water, the composition of the present invention can significantly shorten the rapeseed silique development and maturity period by 4 days. At the same time, the composition can accelerate the filling and maturation of rapeseed and even maturity (the field maturity of siliques reaches 90%), and significantly increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group sprayed with ethephon or herbicide, the effect of shortening the rapeseed silique development and maturity period by the composition of the present invention is not significantly different, but the composition of the present invention can significantly increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of rapeseed, avoid the adverse effects of ethephon or herbicides on rapeseed yield, and avoid the safety problems caused by herbicides.

[0065] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition, characterized in that Contains ethephon, pyruvate, alanine and methionine.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The composition consists of ethephon, pyruvic acid, alanine and methionine, wherein the weight percentage of ethephon is 40.8% to 44.4%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 21.1% to 23.1%, the weight percentage of alanine is 18.1% to 19.9%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 15.4% to 17.2%.

3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that The weight percentage of ethephon is 41.3% to 43.9%, the weight percentage of pyruvic acid is 21.6% to 22.6%, the weight percentage of alanine is 18.6% to 19.4%, and the weight percentage of methionine is 15.9% to 16.7%.

4. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for shortening the development and maturation period of rapeseed siliques.

5. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of a product for shortening the development and maturation period of rapeseed siliques.

6. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

7. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of a product for increasing the thousand-grain weight of rapeseed.

8. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in increasing rapeseed yield.

9. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of a product for increasing rapeseed yield.

10. A method for promoting rapeseed filling and full maturity, characterized in that: The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1:20 to 30 to form a solution, and the solution is sprayed on rapeseed plants; 28 to 32 kg of the solution is sprayed per mu of rapeseed.

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