Integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling cutter and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrally closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling cutter and a machining method, and belongs to the field of cutter equipment, according to the proportional relation of the length-diameter ratio of the milling cutter, the milling cutter can be provided with multi-stage different structural form variable diameters, and the interior and the exterior of a cutter body are unevenly filled with materials different from the cutter. Compared with a traditional single-taper variable-diameter milling cutter, the double-taper variable-diameter milling cutter has the advantages that the manufacturing precision of aviation integrally-closed impeller structures, deep-cavity structural parts or ultrathin structural parts is improved, the machining efficiency is improved, the stability of production quality is effectively guaranteed, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cutting tools, and more specifically to an integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool and a processing method, and more particularly to a milling tool for processing long blades, deep flow channels, ultra-deep cavities or narrow space structural parts. Background Art

[0002] As a key core product of modern aviation, aerospace environmental control systems, and high-tech equipment environmental control systems, the integral closed impeller has high requirements for shape, size, and surface cutting accuracy. Its manufacturing accuracy and quality not only affect the working efficiency of the component, but also the reliability and stability of the component's operation.

[0003] For such structural parts, the dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy requirements are high, and the clamping overhang of the tool is very large during the milling process. The traditional approach is to change the milling cutter with a large overhang to a single taper reducer to increase its rigidity and reduce the vibration of the tool during the cutting process to a certain extent. However, in actual applications, when the taper of a single taper milling cutter is set too small, the tool rigidity is obviously insufficient, and the cutting accuracy cannot meet the technical and design requirements. In severe cases, there is overcutting, undercutting, and even product scrapping, so this type of tool is still difficult to meet the process requirements.

[0004] The present invention relates to a milling cutter for reducing the cutting vibration of the tool during the milling manufacturing process of an integral closed impeller structure part. The milling cutter can effectively reduce the cutting vibration of the tool by setting multiple levels of diameter changes in different structural forms and filling the inside and outside of the tool body with uneven materials of different materials. Compared with the traditional taper diameter reducing milling cutter, the manufacturing accuracy of the integral closed impeller structure, deep cavity structure parts or ultra-thin structure parts of the aviation is improved, the stability of the production quality is effectively guaranteed, and the service life of the tool is increased. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the problems of large tool cutting vibration, poor product surface accuracy, large shape accuracy errors of blades and flow channel surfaces, and low processing qualification rate that are prone to occur in the cutting processing of parts of an integral closed impeller structure. According to the characteristics of the closed impeller structure, an integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool and processing method are provided.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: an integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool, comprising a tool body, the outer shape of the tool body is a one-level or multi-level different geometric structure form of diameter change, the geometric structure includes an arc, a quadratic curve, a spline curve, and a taper; the interior of the tool body is hollow, and the hollow space is filled with a soft low-melting-point alloy; a local outer circumference of the tool body is provided with a plurality of grooves in the direction of the axis, and the grooves are filled with a soft low-melting-point alloy.

[0007] Preferably, the tool body is formed by a circular arc, a quadratic curve, a spline curve, or a taper in a single structural shape or in a combination of multiple forms.

[0008] Preferably, the grooves are designed to be distributed unevenly.

[0009] Preferably, the geometric shape of the hollow cross-section inside the tool body includes a circle, an equilateral triangle, a polygon, and an I-shape.

[0010] Preferably, the hollow shape inside the tool body is cylindrical or conical.

[0011] Preferably, the column shape includes a cylindrical hole or a polygonal cylindrical hole.

[0012] Preferably, the cone includes a circular cone hole or a polygonal cone hole.

[0013] The present invention also discloses a method for processing the above-mentioned integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool, which comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) The shape of the tool body can be designed with one or more different geometric structures, such as arc, quadratic curve, spline curve, taper. It can be used in a single structure or in combination of multiple structures. The transition r of different geometric transitions is 3≤r≤100.

[0015] (2) Under the condition that the reducer meets the requirements of the use environment, a reducer with a simple structure is selected, such as arc R, taper η, take: 2°≤η≤60°; take: 100≤R≤500;

[0016] (3) The inside of the cutter body is partially hollow, and its cross-sectional shape can be set in multiple geometric shapes, such as: circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shape;

[0017] 1): The hollow geometric shape should be distributed at the center of tool rotation, and its concentricity ε≤0.03. When distributed in two or more places, it should be evenly distributed around the tool rotation center;

[0018] Take: ε≤0.03

[0019] Take: δ≤±0.05;

[0020] 2): After the cutter body is hollowed out, the maximum dimension e of the hollow section is not greater than the minimum thickness dimension E of the cutter body section, then: e≤E;

[0021] 3): The hollow depth h of the blade body can be maximized without affecting the thickness dimension E of the blade cross section;

[0022] 4): Select the cross-sectional shape such as circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shaped; for equilateral triangle and equilateral polygon geometric shapes, the arc a of each adjacent side is used as transition to avoid stress concentration; take: a = 0.3 ~ 5;

[0023] (4). Under the premise of ensuring the overall rigidity of the tool, in order to minimize the cutting vibration of the tool, the inside of the tool body is partially hollow and the shape is set to be cylindrical or conical; such as: cylindrical hole, conical hole, polygonal cylindrical hole, polygonal conical hole, then: the taper of the cone hole β; take: β = 1:20-1:300;

[0024] (5) The hollow part inside the blade body is filled with a material different from the blade body material. The filling material is a soft low melting point tin-lead alloy;

[0025] (6) The tool body is cantilevered from the tool bar, and grooves of a certain shape, size and number are made along the axis of the outer circumference. The distribution is designed to be uneven, and the number of grooves is an even number;

[0026] 1): The groove cross section is arc-shaped, with a depth of S and a length along the axis. The groove arc length is q 凹槽 ,Arm length Q 刀杆 , take: 0.3≤S≤0.8,q 凹槽 ≤Q 刀杆 N takes an even number;

[0027] 2): Set the corresponding two grooves as a group, take the depth of one or two groups of grooves, and the groove depth dimension difference ε; or the arc length dimension is smaller than the size of other grooves, and the arc length dimension difference

[0028] Take: 0.1≤ε≤3

[0029] 3): Groove length dimension L. The groove length is not connected to the projection of the hollow special-shaped hole in the tool body. Considering the overall rigidity of the tool, a dimension V is set, and the groove is designed with equal cross-section at the diameter change of the tool bar;

[0030] Take: 5≤L≤300

[0031] 3≤V≤30;

[0032] 4): Fill the groove of the overhanging shank of the tool body with soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy. After cooling, fine-tune the alloy filling area to make it concentric with the tool body, and the concentricity t is 0.01≤t≤0.05.

[0033] Preferably, the melting point of the soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy is 180°C-230°C.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by using the integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool of the present invention, the shape, structure and application of different alloy materials of the milling tool are improved to reduce the milling vibration of the tool, thereby reducing the milling vibration during the milling manufacturing process, improving the manufacturing accuracy of the aviation integral closed impeller structure, aviation deep cavity structure parts or ultra-thin structure parts, effectively ensuring the stability of production quality, and ensuring good product quality, performance and design requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling cutter of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the outer circumference of the cutter body of the present invention (the size of the filled cross-section is uneven);

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of various cross-sectional shapes filled inside the blade body of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a main cross-sectional view of the integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling cutter of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of part a in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention is an integral closed impeller cutting and vibration-proof milling tool, which specifically includes a tool body 1. The outer shape of the tool body 1 of the present invention is a one-stage or multi-stage variable diameter geometric structure, and its geometric structure includes an arc, a quadratic curve, a spline curve, and a taper; the interior of the tool body 1 is hollow, and a soft low-melting-point alloy 10 is filled in the hollow part; a plurality of grooves 2 are provided on the local outer circumference of the tool body 1 in the axial direction, and the grooves 2 are filled with the soft low-melting-point alloy 10, and the grooves 2 are designed to be unevenly distributed.

[0044] The tool body 1 of the present invention can be used in a single structural shape or in a combination of multiple forms including circular arcs, quadratic curves, spline curves, and tapers.

[0045] As a further improvement, Figure 5 As shown, the geometric shapes of the hollow cross-section inside the tool body 1 of the present invention include a circle, an equilateral triangle, a polygon, and an I-shape;

[0046] As a further improvement, the hollow shape inside the tool body 1 of the present invention is cylindrical or conical, such as: a cylindrical hole, a conical hole, a polygonal cylindrical hole, and a polygonal conical hole.

[0047] The present invention also discloses a method for processing the above-mentioned integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool, which comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) The shape of the tool body can be designed with one or more different geometric structures, such as arc, quadratic curve, spline curve, taper. It can be used in a single structure or in combination of multiple structures. The transition r of different geometric transitions is 3≤r≤100.

[0049] (2) Under the condition that the reducer meets the requirements of the use environment, a reducer with a simple structure (arc R, taper η) is selected, and the range is: 2°≤η≤60°; the range is: 100≤R≤500;

[0050] (3) The inside of the cutter body is partially hollow, and its cross-sectional shape can be set in multiple geometric shapes, such as: circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shape;

[0051] 1): The hollow geometric shape should be distributed at the center of tool rotation, and its concentricity ε≤0.03. When distributed in two or more places, it should be evenly distributed around the tool rotation center;

[0052] Take: ε≤0.03

[0053] Take: δ≤±0.05

[0054] 2): After the cutter body is hollowed out, the maximum dimension e of the hollow section is not greater than the minimum thickness dimension E of the cutter body section, then: e≤E;

[0055] 3): The hollow depth h of the blade body can be maximized without affecting the thickness dimension E of the blade cross section;

[0056] 4): Select the cross-sectional shape such as circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shaped; for equilateral triangle and equilateral polygon geometric shapes, the arc a of each adjacent side is used as transition to avoid stress concentration; take: a = 0.3 ~ 5;

[0057] (4). Under the premise of ensuring the overall rigidity of the tool, in order to minimize the cutting vibration of the tool, the inside of the tool body is partially hollow and the shape is set to be cylindrical or conical; such as: cylindrical hole, conical hole, polygonal cylindrical hole, polygonal conical hole, then: the taper of the cone hole β; take: β = 1:20-1:300;

[0058] (5) The hollow part inside the blade body is filled with a material different from the blade body material. The filling material is a soft low melting point tin-lead alloy (AgPbSn36-60, Sn99.5). The low melting point tin-lead alloy is selected with a melting point temperature of 180℃-230℃.

[0059] (6) The tool body is cantilevered from the tool bar, and grooves of a certain shape, size and number are made along the axis of the outer circumference. The distribution is designed to be uneven, and the number of grooves is an even number;

[0060] 1): The cross section of the groove is arc-shaped, the depth is S, and the length is along the axis. The arc length of the groove is q, the arc length of the tool bar is Q, and the tool bar is taken as: 0.3≤S≤0.8, q 凹槽 ≤Q 刀杆 N takes an even number;

[0061] 2): Set the corresponding two grooves as a group, take the depth of one or two groups of grooves, and the groove depth dimension difference ε; or the arc length dimension is smaller than the size of other grooves, and the arc length dimension difference

[0062] Take: 0.1≤ε≤3

[0063] 3): Groove length dimension L. The groove length is not connected to the projection of the hollow special-shaped hole in the tool body. Considering the overall rigidity of the tool, a dimension V is set, and the groove is designed with equal cross-section at the diameter change of the tool bar;

[0064] Take: 5≤L≤300,

[0065] 3≤V≤30;

[0066] 4): Fill the groove of the overhanging shank of the tool body with soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy (AgPbSn36-60, Sn99.5), and specifically select a low-melting-point tin-lead alloy with a melting point of 180℃-230℃. After cooling, the alloy filling part is refined to be concentric with the tool body, and the concentricity t is taken as: 0.01≤t≤0.05.

[0067] This example is applied to the key core parts of a certain aviation and aerospace environmental control system equipment, namely: the manufacturing of an integral closed impeller with complex curved surface and ultra-thin blades, which requires high shape accuracy and surface quality. Its manufacturing accuracy and manufacturing quality are related to the stability of product manufacturing quality and process technology requirements. In order to meet the processing quality, technology and design performance requirements during manufacturing, the cutting tool structure is innovatively designed.

[0068] 1. The shape of the cutter body can be set to two different geometric structure forms of diameter change: arc R diameter change, taper θ diameter change. Different geometric transitions r transition. The diameter change should be simple in structure under the condition that it can meet the needs of the use environment.

[0069] Then: Arc R is: 180≤R≤185

[0070] Transfer point r: 10≤r≤30

[0071] Taper θ: 8°≤θ≤10°

[0072] 2. The interior of the blade is partially hollow, and its cross-sectional shape can be designed into a polygonal geometric shape, that is: hexagon.

[0073] 1): The hollow geometric shape should be designed at the center of tool rotation, with concentricity ε≤0.02. Position error δ≤±0.012.

[0074] 2): After the cutter body is hollowed out, the maximum dimension e of the hollow section shall not be greater than the thickness dimension E of the cutter body section.

[0075] Then: e(5.1)≤E(5.5)

[0076] 3): The hollow processing depth h of the blade body can be maximized without affecting the thickness dimension E of the blade section.

[0077] Then: h = 88

[0078] 4): When the cross-sectional shape is an angular geometry, the adjacent edges are transitioned by arcs (a) to avoid stress concentration.

[0079] Then: 0.3≤a≤0.8

[0080] 4. In order to reduce the cutting vibration of the tool as much as possible, the inside of the tool body is partially hollow and the shape is set to a polygonal tapered hole.

[0081] Taper of cone hole: β=1:36

[0082] 5. Fill the hollow part of the blade body with a material different from the blade body material. The filling material is a soft low melting point tin-lead alloy (AgPbSn36-60, Sn99.5). Choose a low melting point tin-lead alloy with a melting point of 180℃--230℃.

[0083] 6. The tool body has a cantilevered tool bar, and the outer circumference is made of grooves of certain shape, size, and number. The uneven design distribution uses a soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy different from the tool body. The grooves are filled and then fine-machined to be concentric with the tool body.

[0084] 1): The cross section of the groove is arc-shaped, with a depth of S and a length along the axis. The arc length of the groove is q, the arc length of the tool bar is Q, and the number of grooves is N.

[0085] Take: 0.3≤S≤0.8

[0086] q(1.9)≤Q(2.3)

[0087] N=6

[0088] 2): The number of grooves N is an even number and is evenly distributed along the tool bar. Set the corresponding two grooves as a group. The depth or arc length of one or two groups of grooves is smaller than the size of other grooves. The groove depth difference ε is taken as: 0.2≤ε≤0.5

[0089] 3): Groove length dimension L. The groove length is not connected to the projection of the hollow special-shaped hole in the tool body. Considering the overall rigidity of the tool, a dimension V is set, and the groove is set at the same cross-section where the tool rod changes diameter.

[0090] Take: 70≤L≤80, V=11

[0091] 4): Fill the groove of the overhanging shank of the tool body with soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy (AgPbSn36-60, Sn99.5). Select a low-melting-point tin-lead alloy with a melting point of 180℃--230℃. After cooling, the alloy filling part should be concentric with the tool body, and the concentricity should be t.

[0092] Take: t≤0.02

[0093] The present invention reduces the vibration of milling cutters by improving the shape and structure of the milling cutters and the application of different alloy materials, thereby improving the manufacturing accuracy of aviation integral closed impeller structures, aviation deep cavity structural parts or ultra-thin structural parts, effectively ensuring the stability of production quality, and ensuring good product quality, performance and design requirements.

[0094] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool, comprising a tool body (1), characterized in that: The outer shape of the tool body (1) is a one-stage or multi-stage variable diameter geometric structure, wherein the geometric structure includes an arc, a quadratic curve, a spline curve, and a taper; the interior of the tool body (1) is hollow, and a soft low-melting-point alloy (10) is filled in the hollow space; a plurality of grooves (2) are provided on a local outer circumference of the tool body (1) in the direction of the axis, and the grooves (2) are filled with a soft low-melting-point alloy (10).

2. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool body (1) is formed by arcs, quadratic curves, spline curves, and tapers in a single structural shape or in a combination of multiple forms.

3. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grooves (2) are designed to be distributed in an uneven manner.

4. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geometric shape of the hollow cross section inside the tool body (1) includes a circle, an equilateral triangle, a polygon, and an I-shape.

5. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow shape inside the tool body (1) is cylindrical or conical.

6. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The column shape includes a cylindrical hole and a polygonal cylindrical hole.

7. The integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cone includes a circular cone hole and a polygonal cone hole.

8. A method for machining the integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) The shape of the tool body can be designed with one or more different geometric structures, such as arc, quadratic curve, spline curve, taper. It can be used in a single structure or in combination of multiple structures. The transition r of different geometric transitions is 3≤r≤100. (2) Under the condition that the reducer meets the requirements of the use environment, a reducer with a simple structure is selected, such as arc R, taper η, take: 2°≤η≤60°; take: 100≤R≤500; (3) The inside of the cutter body is partially hollow, and its cross-sectional shape can be set in multiple geometric shapes, such as: circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shape; 1): The hollow geometric shape should be distributed at the center of tool rotation, and its concentricity ε≤0.

03. When distributed in two or more places, it should be evenly distributed around the tool rotation center; Take: ε≤0.03 Take: δ≤±0.05; 2): After the cutter body is hollowed out, the maximum dimension e of the hollow section is not greater than the minimum thickness dimension E of the cutter body section, then: e≤E; 3): The hollow depth h of the blade body can be maximized without affecting the thickness dimension E of the blade cross section; 4): Select the cross-sectional shape such as circle, equilateral triangle, polygon, I-shaped; for equilateral triangle and equilateral polygon geometric shapes, the arc a of each adjacent side is used as transition to avoid stress concentration; take: a = 0.3 ~ 5; (4). Under the premise of ensuring the overall rigidity of the tool, in order to minimize the cutting vibration of the tool, the inside of the tool body is partially hollow and the shape is set to be cylindrical or conical; such as: cylindrical hole, conical hole, polygonal cylindrical hole, polygonal conical hole, then: the taper of the cone hole β; take: β = 1:20-1:300; (5) The hollow part inside the blade body is filled with a material different from the blade body material. The filling material is a soft low melting point tin-lead alloy; (6) The tool body is cantilevered from the tool bar, and grooves of a certain shape, size and number are made along the axis of the outer circumference. The distribution is designed to be uneven, and the number of grooves is an even number; 1): The groove cross section is arc-shaped, with a depth of S and a length along the axis. The groove arc length is q 凹槽 ,Arm length Q 刀杆 , take: 0.3≤S≤0.8,q 凹槽 ≤Q 刀杆 N takes an even number; 2): Set the corresponding two grooves as a group, take the depth of one or two groups of grooves, and the groove depth dimension difference ε; or the arc length dimension is smaller than the size of other grooves, and the arc length dimension difference Take: 0.1≤ε≤3 3): Groove length dimension L. The groove length is not connected to the projection of the hollow special-shaped hole in the tool body. Considering the overall rigidity of the tool, a dimension V is set, and the groove is designed with equal cross-section at the diameter change of the tool bar; Take: 5≤L≤300 3≤V≤30； 4): Fill the groove of the overhanging shank of the tool body with soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy. After cooling, fine-tune the alloy filling area to make it concentric with the tool body, and the concentricity t is 0.01≤t≤0.

05.

9. The method for machining the integral closed impeller cutting anti-vibration milling tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The melting point of the soft low-melting-point tin-lead alloy is 180°C-230°C.

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