Cutter and method for conducting self-driven micro-vibration cutting through cutter

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool and a method for conducting self-driven micro-vibration cutting through the tool, and relates to the technical field of machining, the tool comprises a tool bit and a tool bar, the tool bit is in a frustum shape, and the tool bit is fixedly connected with one end of the tool bar; the edge of the large bottom face of the tool bit is a cutting edge, the cutting edge is divided into a plurality of sections of sub-cutting edges in the circumferential direction of the tool bit, and a cutting groove is formed between any two adjacent sub-cutting edges of the tool bit. Each sub-cutting edge is gradually close to the cutter bar in the axial direction from one end to the other end, the end, close to the cutter bar, of each sub-cutting edge is a near end, and the end, away from the cutter bar, of each sub-cutting edge is a far end; one side of the cutting groove is the near end of one sub-cutting edge, and the other side of the cutting groove is the far end of the other sub-cutting edge. The method comprises the steps that S1, a to-be-machined workpiece is fixed to a workbench of a machine tool; s2, a cutter bar of the cutter is fixedly connected with a main shaft of the machine tool; and S3, the workpiece is cut through a cutter. Through the design of angles and sections of the cutting edges on the tool bit, self-driven micro-vibration is achieved, and therefore the machining quality and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and in particular to a tool and a method for performing self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool. Background Art

[0002] Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) are widely used in high-end equipment such as aerospace due to their excellent performance. However, due to the different material properties of the fiber, matrix and their interface, damage such as burrs, delamination and fiber matrix splitting often occur during processing, which seriously affects the mechanical properties of the structure.

[0003] Cutting damage is directly determined by the fiber fracture pattern. If the fiber fracture point is higher than the machining surface, burrs are formed; if it is lower than the machining surface, pits are formed; if the fiber fracture point is accurate but accompanied by debonding of the matrix interface, delamination and splitting are formed. Conventional CFRP processing is inherited from metal cutting, that is, it relies on the tip of the tool to squeeze the material to form a concentrated stress exceeding the strength limit locally, causing it to break. However, during conventional cutting, the fiber often undergoes large bending deformation before being squeezed by the tip of the tool before breaking. In addition, the interface strength between the fiber and the matrix is ​​low, resulting in frequent debonding of the interface in the contact area. The internal stress of the material is in a dispersed state without single-point concentration, and the fiber fracture point deviates from the expected position, forming a variety of irregular fracture patterns.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of inaccurate fiber breakpoints caused by stress dispersion at the front end of the tool tip, an ultrasonic vibration cutting method can be used. Its purpose is to drive the high-frequency vibration of the tool tip so that the cutting edge frequently and intermittently contacts the material, thereby achieving the effect of concentrating its internal stress at the front end of the cutting edge. Although the ultrasonic vibration method can improve the accuracy of the fiber breakpoint to a certain extent, it requires the installation of a vibration generator on the machine tool spindle, which limits its versatility and is inconvenient to use. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tool and a method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and facilitate improving the cutting quality of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a tool, comprising a tool head and a tool rod, wherein the tool head is in a frustum shape, the smaller bottom surface of the tool head is fixedly connected to one end of the tool rod, and the tool rod is coaxial with the tool head; the edge of the larger bottom surface of the tool head is a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is divided into a plurality of sub-cutting edges along the circumference of the tool head, and the tool head is provided with a cutting groove between any two adjacent sub-cutting edges; each of the sub-cutting edges gradually approaches the tool rod in the axial direction from one end to the other end, the end of the sub-cutting edge close to the tool rod is the proximal end, and the end away from the tool rod is the distal end; one side of the cutting groove is the proximal end of one sub-cutting edge, and the other side is the distal end of another sub-cutting edge.

[0008] Preferably, the number of the sub-cutting edges is 2 to 4.

[0009] Preferably, part of the material is removed from the larger end of the cutter head so that the sub-cutting edge gradually approaches the cutter bar in the axial direction from one end to the other end.

[0010] Preferably, the angle between a line connecting one end and the other end of the sub-cutting edge and the bottom surface of the cutter head is 2° to 5°.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the cutting groove is 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the knife rod is 8mm-12mm.

[0013] Preferably, the diameter of the larger bottom surface of the cutter head is 10mm-14mm, and the diameter of the smaller bottom surface of the cutter head is 8mm-12mm; the overall length of the tool is 80mm-100mm, and the height of the cutter head is 3mm-6mm.

[0014] Preferably, the angle between the side surface of the cutter head and the axial direction of the cutter becomes the main cutting edge rake angle, and its value range is 20°-40°.

[0015] Preferably, the cutting groove passes through the larger bottom surface of the cutter head and the side surface of the cutter head.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the above-mentioned tool, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Fix the workpiece to be processed on the working table of the machine tool;

[0018] S2, fixing the tool bar of the tool to the main shaft of the machine tool, and making the axial direction of the tool consistent with the feed direction of the workpiece to be processed;

[0019] S3, driving the worktable to feed the workpiece to be processed, and at the same time using the main shaft to drive the tool to rotate around the axis of the tool rod, and making the tool move along the main movement direction, so as to cut the workpiece to be processed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0021] The tool of the present invention and the method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the same introduce a tiny vibration effect during the cutting process by designing the angle and segmentation of the cutting edge on the tool head; this vibration can help the fiber break better and reduce the cutting force, thereby improving the processing quality and efficiency.

[0022] Furthermore, during the cutting process, the blade segments continuously act on the fibers in a cyclical manner, causing the forces acting on the fibers at the stress points to continuously change. This changing force becomes a source of excitation for the vibrations, thereby generating a tiny vibration state.

[0023] Furthermore, by reducing local stress concentration, this technical solution is expected to reduce the unevenness of fiber breakage, thereby improving the quality of the processed surface.

[0024] Furthermore, since the cutting force is more evenly distributed, local wear of the tool is reduced, which helps to extend the tool life.

[0025] Furthermore, the tool of the present invention and the method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool are theoretically applicable to the processing of various composite materials and have good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 The structure of the tool of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0029] Figure 3 The structure of the tool of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 4 The structure of the tool of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0031] In the figure: 100, tool; 1, tool rod; 2, tool head; 3, sub-cutting edge; 4, cutting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tool and a method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and facilitate improving the cutting quality of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a tool 100, including a tool head 2 and a tool rod 1, the tool head 2 is in a frustum shape, the smaller bottom surface of the tool head 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the tool rod 1, and the tool rod 1 is coaxial with the tool head 2; the edge of the larger bottom surface of the tool head 2 is a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is divided into a plurality of sub-cutting edges 3 along the circumference of the tool head 2, and the tool head 2 is provided with a cutting groove 4 between any two adjacent sub-cutting edges 3; each sub-cutting edge 3 gradually approaches the tool rod 1 in the axial direction from one end to the other end, the end of the sub-cutting edge 3 close to the tool rod 1 is the proximal end, and the end away from the tool rod 1 is the distal end; one side of the cutting groove 4 is the proximal end of one sub-cutting edge 3, and the other side is the distal end of another sub-cutting edge 3.

[0037] In the optional solution of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the number of the sub-cutting edges 3 is 2 to 4.

[0038] In an optional solution of the present embodiment, it is more preferred that part of the material is removed from the larger end of the cutter head 2 so that the sub-cutting edge 3 gradually approaches the cutter bar 1 in the axial direction from one end to the other end.

[0039] In the optional solution of the present embodiment, it is more preferred that the angle β between the line connecting one end and the other end of the sub-cutting edge 3 and the bottom surface of the cutter head 2 is 2° to 5°.

[0040] Regarding the specific size parameters of the tool 100, this embodiment provides a preferred solution, which is as follows:

[0041] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the width h of the cutting groove 4 is 1mm~2mm; the diameter of the tool rod 1 is 8mm-12mm; the diameter D1 of the larger bottom surface of the tool head 2 is 10mm-14mm, and the diameter D2 of the smaller bottom surface of the tool head 2 is 8mm-12mm; the overall length L1 of the tool 100 is 80mm-100mm, and the height L2 of the tool head 2 is 3mm-6mm; the angle between the side surface of the tool head 2 and the axial direction of the tool 100 is called the main cutting edge rake angle γ1, and its value range is 20°-40°.

[0042] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the cutting groove 4 penetrates the larger bottom surface of the cutter head 2 and the side surface of the cutter head 2; the design of the cutting groove 4 allows the cutting edge to be divided into multiple independent blade segments, each blade segment can be tilted relative to the bottom surface of the tool 100 at a specific angle β, so that each blade segment can be ensured to conform to a specific geometric relationship, thereby achieving the effect of micro-vibration; since the blade segment acts on the fiber cyclically, the design of the cutting groove 4 helps to generate changing forces on the fiber, and these changing forces become the excitation source of vibration, prompting the cutting edge and the fiber to generate tiny vibrations, which helps the fiber to break more evenly; the number and width of the cutting grooves 4 directly affect the frequency and amplitude of the vibration state. By adjusting these parameters, the best vibration effect can be achieved, thereby optimizing the processing efficiency and quality; by adjusting the number and width of the cutting grooves 4, the tool 100 can be adapted to the processing requirements of different materials, improving versatility and flexibility; in addition, the design of the cutting groove 4 is also conducive to chip removal during the cutting process.

[0043] Embodiment 2

[0044] This embodiment provides a method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool 100 of the first embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Fix the workpiece to be processed on the working table of the machine tool;

[0046] S2, the tool bar 1 of the tool 100 is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the machine tool, and the axial direction of the tool 100 is consistent with the feed direction of the workpiece to be processed;

[0047] S3. The workpiece to be processed is fed by driving the worktable, and at the same time, the main shaft is used to drive the tool 100 to rotate around the axis of the tool rod 1, and the tool 100 moves along the main motion direction, so as to cut the workpiece to be processed.

[0048] The principle of self-driven micro-vibration of the tool 100 during the cutting process is described as follows:

[0049] The contact point between the tool head 2 and the workpiece is point i, the main motion direction of the tool 100 at point i is the x-axis, the feed direction of the workpiece at point i is the x-axis, and the y-axis is determined according to the right-hand rule; during the cutting process, the tool 100 as a whole rotates around the axis of the tool rod 1, but since each sub-cutting edge 3 gradually approaches the tool rod 1 in the axial direction from one end to the other, and one side of the cutting groove 4 is the proximal end of a sub-cutting edge 3 and the other side is the distal end of another sub-cutting edge 3, the contact point of the sub-cutting edge 3 with the workpiece changes periodically along the feed direction of the workpiece, and in addition to the conventional cutting force F between the sub-cutting edge 3 and the workpiece, a friction force F along the y-axis direction will be generated on the fiber of the workpiece f and the tension / compression F along the z-axis p As the sub-cutting edge 3 moves from one position to another, the force F acting on the fiber p The force changes with the path, thus generating periodic force changes at the fiber contact point. This changing force becomes the excitation source of vibration, causing a small vibration state between the cutting edge and the fiber on the workpiece surface. Through multiple such blade segments acting on the fiber cyclically, the tool 100 achieves self-driven micro-vibration during the cutting process.

[0050] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting tool, characterized in that: The utility model comprises a cutter head and a cutter rod, wherein the cutter head is in a frustum shape, the smaller bottom surface of the cutter head is fixedly connected to one end of the cutter rod, and the cutter rod is coaxial with the cutter head; the edge of the larger bottom surface of the cutter head is a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is divided into a plurality of sub-cutting edges along the circumference of the cutter head, and the cutter head is provided with a cutting groove between any two adjacent sub-cutting edges; each sub-cutting edge gradually approaches the cutter rod in the axial direction from one end to the other end, the end of the sub-cutting edge close to the cutter rod is the proximal end, and the end away from the cutter rod is the distal end; one side of the cutting groove is the proximal end of one sub-cutting edge, and the other side is the distal end of another sub-cutting edge.

2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the sub-cutting edges is 2 to 4.

3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: By removing part of the material at the larger end of the cutter head, the sub-cutting edge gradually approaches the cutter bar in the axial direction from one end to the other end.

4. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the line connecting one end and the other end of the sub-cutting edge and the bottom surface of the cutter head is 2° to 5°.

5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the cutting groove is 1 mm to 2 mm.

6. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the knife rod is 8mm-12mm.

7. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the larger bottom surface of the cutter head is 10mm-14mm, and the diameter of the smaller bottom surface of the cutter head is 8mm-12mm; the overall length of the tool is 80mm-100mm, and the height of the cutter head is 3mm-6mm.

8. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the side surface of the cutter head and the axial direction of the cutter is called the main cutting edge rake angle, and its value range is 20°-40°.

9. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting groove passes through the larger bottom surface of the cutter head and the side surface of the cutter head.

10. A method for self-driven micro-vibration cutting using the tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fix the workpiece to be processed on the working table of the machine tool; S2, fixing the tool bar of the tool to the main shaft of the machine tool, and making the axial direction of the tool consistent with the feed direction of the workpiece to be processed; S3, driving the worktable to feed the workpiece to be processed, and at the same time using the main shaft to drive the tool to rotate around the axis of the tool rod, and making the tool move along the main movement direction, so as to cut the workpiece to be processed.

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