Building elevator
By adopting multiple anti-fall measures in building elevators, including the limit structure of support columns and movable sleeves, the mutual exclusion system of electromagnetic devices and permanent magnets, and the rapid stop of anti-fall telescopic rods, the problems of lift shaking, guide wheel wear and insufficient operational safety are solved, and higher operating safety and service life are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510114328.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-04
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
During the use of existing building elevators, there are problems such as elevator car shaking, intensified wear of guide wheels and insufficient operational safety.
Multiple anti-fall measures are adopted, including the limit structure of the support column and the movable sleeve, the mutual exclusion system of the electromagnetic device and the permanent magnet, the dynamic adjustment of the laser rangefinder, the rapid stop of the anti-fall telescopic rod and the locking function of the speed limiter.
By reducing friction, quickly stopping the elevator car, and locking the steel belt to prevent falling, the operating safety and service life of the building elevator are significantly improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119551527A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of elevators, in particular to a building elevator. Background Art
[0002] In the early days of construction, the vertical transportation of materials and personnel mainly relied on simple lifting equipment, such as a hand winch with a hanging basket. This method was extremely inefficient, the weight of each hoisting was limited, and the operation consumed a lot of manpower. The safety was worrying, and the hanging basket lacked a complete protective device. As the height of buildings continued to rise and the scale continued to expand, traditional simple lifting equipment became increasingly difficult to meet the needs. Therefore, motor-driven construction elevators appeared, but the current construction elevators have some shortcomings during use, as follows: The elevators currently in use are generally built with steel structures, and then the elevator car and the steel structure track are limited by guide wheels, so that the elevator car can be raised and lowered under the limit of the guide wheels. However, in this process, one end of the elevator is always subjected to unbalanced force when people enter and exit the elevator, and the people are always standing close to the opening and closing doors of the elevator car, which can easily cause the elevator car to shake and the elevator connections to loosen, affecting the safe operation of the elevator. In addition, the distribution of people and goods entering the elevator is uneven, which can easily cause the elevator car to tilt to the heavy side, thereby increasing the pressure between the guide wheel and the track here, causing the guide wheel to wear more severely in the subsequent operation process, affecting its service life. If it is not repaired in time, it is easy to cause the safe operation of the elevator. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present invention provides a construction elevator, which has multiple anti-falling measures, has the advantage of enhancing the safety of users and solves the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0004] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction elevator, comprising a base, an elevator car, a ratchet device and a laser rangefinder. A support column is fixedly installed on the base. The support column is in a "㠯" shape. Two support columns form a group and are symmetrically arranged left and right. A connecting frame is fixedly connected between the two support columns. The connecting frame is in a "工" shape. The support columns are arranged in a stacked manner up and down. The connecting frames on adjacent support columns are connected by bolts. An activity sleeve is movably sleeved on the support column. The side surface of the activity sleeve is fixedly connected with the elevator car. Rack bars are fixedly installed in the middle of the front and rear sides of the support column. Driving motors are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the elevator car. The output shaft of the driving motor is fixedly sleeved with a driving gear. The driving gear is meshed with the rack bar. Electromagnetic devices are uniformly fixedly installed inside the activity sleeve and on the side of the support column. Permanent magnets are uniformly fixedly installed inside the support column. Laser rangefinders are fixedly installed on the top and the four sides of the top of the activity sleeve and are directed at the support column. Through the repulsive force between the electromagnetic device and the permanent magnet, on the one hand, it ensures that there is a certain gap between the support column and the activity sleeve during normal operation, reducing the occurrence of friction. On the other hand, when the elevator car stalls, the power supply to the electromagnetic device on one of the left or right sides of the activity sleeve is stopped. Then, through the repulsive force on the other side, the support column and the activity sleeve come into contact, and the elevator car is driven to stop falling by the friction force, increasing the running safety of the elevator car.
[0005] Preferably, a card slot is opened in the middle of one side of the support column close to the connecting frame. Support springs are uniformly movably installed in the card slot. Anti-falling buckles are uniformly movably clamped in the card slot. The anti-falling buckles are fixedly connected with the support springs. An anti-falling telescopic rod is fixedly installed on the connecting frame. A receiving hole is opened on the connecting frame. The extending shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod is movably sleeved in the receiving hole. The anti-falling buckle is movably clamped with the extending shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod. When the descending speed of the elevator car is too fast, the anti-falling telescopic rod extends to intercept the anti-falling buckle, thereby forcing the elevator car to stop directly, so as to make the elevator car stop quickly and add an anti-falling measure.
[0006] Preferably, a counterweight block is movably sleeved inside the support column, a winding box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the counterweight block, a winding roller is movably sleeved inside the winding box, the ratchet device is fixedly connected to the inside of the winding box, both ends of the winding roller are respectively fixedly sleeved with the ratchet gear inside the ratchet device, a steel belt is fixedly connected to the winding roller, a part of the steel belt is wound on the steel belt, the top of the support column located at the top is fixedly sleeved on the top seat, a double-axis motor is symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top seat, a driving wheel is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the double-axis motor, A speed limiter is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top seat, and guide roller seats are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the top seat. One end of the steel belt passes through the counterweight, the top seat and the speed limiter in sequence and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the elevator car. The steel belt is movably connected to the driving wheel and the guide roller seat respectively, and is connected to the driving wheel through the steel belt. On the one hand, the elevator car is counterweighted by the counterweight to reduce the operating power of the driving motor. On the other hand, the steel belt can be locked by the speed limiter, so that when the elevator car stalls, an additional line of defense is added, thereby effectively ensuring the safe operation of the elevator.
[0007] Preferably, movable grooves are provided inside the counterweight and on both sides of the steel belt, and locking telescopic rods are fixedly installed in the movable grooves. The protruding ends of the locking telescopic rods are fixedly connected to clamping blocks, and the clamping blocks are movably clamped to the sides of the steel belt. Rollers are evenly and movably sleeved on the sides of the counterweight, and the surfaces of the rollers are movably connected to the inner surfaces of the support columns. The length of the steel belt between the elevator car and the counterweight can be changed as needed to facilitate the adjustment of the height of the support column.
[0008] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the side of the elevator car and the inner side of the support column, and the connecting plate is symmetrically fixedly installed with limiting telescopic rods above and below, and the protruding ends of the limiting telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the limiting frame, and the limiting frame has limiting rollers evenly and movably installed on them, and the surfaces of the limiting rollers are movably connected to the sides of the support column.
[0009] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting the support column and the movable sleeve, the elevator car can be limited in all directions by means of sleeve connection. Then, through the mutual repulsion between the electromagnetic device and the permanent magnet, a certain gap is maintained between the support column and the movable sleeve, thereby reducing the friction during the lifting process, reducing the friction loss during the lifting process, and improving the operation safety of the elevator car. In addition, by using a laser rangefinder and changing the input current of the electromagnetic device, when people and goods enter the elevator, the gap between the movable sleeve and the support column changes. Then, by changing the current of the electromagnetic device here, the magnetic field strength is increased, the repulsive force between the support column and the movable sleeve is restored, the gap between the support column and the movable sleeve is guaranteed, and friction between the support column and the movable sleeve is avoided.
[0010] 2. Through the setting of electromagnetic devices and permanent magnets, when the elevator car stalls, when it is detected that the elevator car is out of control, the power input of the electromagnetic device on one side of the movable sleeve is turned off, and the support column and the movable sleeve are brought into contact through the repulsive force of the electromagnetic device on the other side. Through friction, the descent speed of the elevator car is reduced, and the movable sleeve is even forced to stop relative to the support column, so as to avoid the elevator car from continuing to fall, thereby improving the operation safety of the elevator. The anti-fall telescopic rod is extended to intercept the anti-fall buckle, forcing the elevator car to stop quickly, further increasing the operation safety of the lift and ensuring the safety of passengers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a front view half-section schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a front view half-section schematic diagram of the installation of the structural support column and the counterweight block of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a top view half-section schematic diagram of the structural connecting frame of the present invention; Figure 7 The structure of the present invention Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle; Figure 8 The structure of the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle.
[0012] In the figure: 1. base; 2. support column; 3. connecting frame; 4. movable sleeve; 5. elevator car; 6. rack; 7. drive motor; 8. drive gear; 9. electromagnetic device; 10. anti-fall buckle; 11. support spring; 12. anti-fall telescopic rod; 13. counterweight; 14. winding box; 15. winding roller; 16. ratchet device; 17. steel belt; 18. top seat; 19. double-axis motor; 20. speed limiter; 21. locking telescopic rod; 22. clamping block; 23. connecting plate; 24. limit telescopic rod; 25. limit frame; 26. limit roller; 27. roller; 28. guide roller seat; 29. laser rangefinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0014] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3 , a construction elevator, including a base 1, an elevator car 5, a ratchet device 16 and a laser rangefinder 29. A support column 2 is fixedly installed on the base 1. The support column 2 is in a "㠯" shape. Two support columns 2 form a group and are symmetrically arranged left and right. A connecting frame 3 is fixedly connected between the two support columns 2. The connecting frame 3 is in a "工" shape. The support columns 2 are arranged in a stacked manner up and down. The connecting frames 3 on adjacent two support columns 2 are connected by bolts. A movable sleeve 4 is movably sleeved on the support column 2. A side surface of the movable sleeve 4 is fixedly connected with the elevator car 5. A rack 6 is fixedly installed in the middle of the front and rear sides of the support column 2. Driving motors 7 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the elevator car 5. An output shaft of the driving motor 7 is fixedly sleeved with a driving gear 8. The driving gear 8 is meshed with the rack 6. Inside the movable sleeve 4 and on the sides of the support column 2, electromagnetic devices 9 are evenly fixedly installed. Permanent magnets are evenly fixedly installed inside the support column 2. Laser rangefinders 29 facing the support column 2 are fixedly installed on the top and four sides of the top of the movable sleeve 4. By forming mutual repulsion between the electromagnetic devices 9 on the movable sleeve 4 and the magnets inside the support column 2, a certain gap is maintained between the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4. At the same time, the support column 2 can maintain relatively good support for the movable sleeve 4, so that the movable sleeve 4 can carry the elevator car 5 for lifting. At the same time, when a passenger enters the elevator car 5, the contact force between the elevator car 5 and the movable sleeve 4 changes, changing the contact force between the movable sleeve 4 and the support column 2, which easily causes the movable sleeve 4 and the support column 2 to come into contact, increasing friction. Then, at this time, it is known through the laser rangefinder 29 that the gap between the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4 decreases. Then, by increasing the current input to the electromagnetic device 9 at the gap reduction between the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4, the repulsion between the electromagnetic device 9 and the permanent magnet here is increased, ensuring the gap between the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4, reducing friction, thereby reducing the resistance of the elevator car 5 during lifting and reducing the wear between the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4. At the same time, when it is detected that the elevator car 5 runs out of control, by closing the power input of the electromagnetic device 9 on one of the left and right sides of the movable sleeve 4, through the repulsion of the electromagnetic device 9 on the other side, the support column 2 and the movable sleeve 4 are brought into contact. Through friction, the descending speed of the elevator car 5 is reduced, and even the movable sleeve 4 is forced to stop relative to the support column 2, avoiding the continuous falling of the elevator car 5 and improving the operation safety of the elevator; Please refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5The support column 2 is provided with a card slot in the middle of one side near the connecting frame 3, and a supporting spring 11 is evenly and movably installed in the card slot, and an anti-falling buckle 10 is evenly and movably connected in the card slot, and the anti-falling buckle 10 is fixedly connected to the supporting spring 11, and an anti-falling telescopic rod 12 is fixedly installed on the connecting frame 3, and a receiving hole is provided on the connecting frame 3, and the extended shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod 12 is movably sleeved with the receiving hole, and the anti-falling buckle 10 is movably engaged with the extended shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod 12. When the elevator car 5 stalls, the extended shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod 12 extends out and sleeves with the receiving hole. Subsequently, the anti-falling buckle 10 is buckled with the extended shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod 12 during the descent, and then the supporting spring 11 acts as a buffer to slow down the instantaneous impact force of the elevator car 5, so that the elevator car 5 stops falling after descending a very short distance, avoiding a large falling impact, and further improving the operation safety of the elevator car 5; See also Figure 4-Figure 7A counterweight 13 is movably sleeved inside the support column 2, a winding box 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the counterweight 13, a winding roller 15 is movably sleeved inside the winding box 14, a ratchet device 16 is fixedly connected to the inside of the winding box 14, both ends of the winding roller 15 are respectively fixedly sleeved with the ratchet gear inside the ratchet device 16, a steel belt 17 is fixedly connected to the winding roller 15, a part of the steel belt 17 is wound around the steel belt 17, a top seat 18 is fixedly sleeved on the top of the support column 2 at the top, a double-axis motor 19 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top seat 18, a driving wheel is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the double-axis motor 19, a speed limiter 20 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the top seat 18, and guide roller seats 28 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the top seat 18 One end of the steel belt 17 passes through the counterweight 13, the top seat 18 and the speed limiter 20 in sequence and is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the elevator car 5. The steel belt 17 is movably connected to the driving wheel and the guide roller seat 28 respectively. Through the connection between the steel belt 17 and the driving wheel, the dual-axis motor 19 drives the driving wheel to rotate, and then drives the steel belt 17 to run, so that the counterweight 13 can counterweight the elevator car 5, which can offset the gravity of the elevator car 5, thereby reducing the output power of the driving motor 7 and reducing the energy consumption of the elevator operation. Similarly, when the elevator car 5 stalls, the weight of the counterweight 13 can be transmitted through the steel belt 17 to pull the elevator car 5 to avoid excessive gravity of the elevator car 5, resulting in a large falling impact. At the same time, when the moving speed of the steel belt 17 is too large, the speed limiter The speed reducer 20 locks the steel belt 17, thereby locking the elevator car 5, so that the elevator car 5 stops falling, thereby further effectively preventing the elevator car 5 from falling directly from a high altitude, thereby improving the safety of the elevator operation; a movable groove is provided inside the counterweight 13 and on both sides of the steel belt 17, in which a locking telescopic rod 21 is fixedly installed, and a clamping block 22 is fixedly connected to the protruding end of the locking telescopic rod 21. The clamping block 22 is movably engaged with the side of the steel belt 17, and the side of the counterweight 13 is evenly and movably sleeved with a roller 27, and the surface of the roller 27 is movably connected to the inner surface of the support column 2. The steel belt 17 is clamped by pushing the clamping block 22 through the locking telescopic rod 21, and a part of the steel belt 17 is reserved in the winding box 14. When the support column 2 When the height is insufficient, the height can be increased by continuing to stack the support columns 2. At the same time, the locking of the winding roller 15 can be released by the ratchet device 16, and then the steel belt 17 on the winding roller 15 can be released, so as to increase the length between the elevator car 5 and the counterweight 13, thereby smoothly increasing the height of the support column 2. When the height of the support column 2 is low, the winding roller 15 winds up the steel belt 17 and stores it at the bottom of the counterweight 13, thereby increasing the overall weight of the counterweight 13 and the winding box 14. On the one hand, the steel belt 17 is effectively stored and can be used as a counterweight in the early stage. On the other hand, after the support column 2 is raised in the later stage, the steel belt 17 is released, which is convenient for adjusting the height of the elevator and improving the convenience of using the elevator in the construction process. See also Figure 4-Figure 8 The side of the elevator car 5 and the inner side of the support column 2 are fixedly connected with a connecting plate 23, and the connecting plate 23 is symmetrically fixedly installed with a limited telescopic rod 24 above and below. The extended end of the limited telescopic rod 24 is fixedly connected to the limited frame 25, and a limited roller 26 is evenly and movably installed on the limited frame 25. The surface of the limited roller 26 is movably connected to the side of the support column 2, and the limited telescopic rod 24 is extended to push the limited frame 25, so that the limited roller 26 and the support column 2 are tightly pressed. Because the support column 2 is in the shape of a "㠯", the connecting plate 23 is located between the support columns 2 and forms a clamping state with the limited telescopic rod 24 and the limited roller 26, so as to support the elevator car 5, reduce the shaking of the elevator car 5 caused by people entering and leaving, thereby enhancing the stability of the elevator structure, and reducing the probability of loosening of structural parts caused by shaking. At the same time, by supporting and limiting the elevator car 5, the front and rear positions of the movable sleeve 4 on the support column 2 are limited, the utilization rate of the electromagnetic device 9 on the front and rear sides of the movable sleeve 4 is reduced, and the operating cost of the elevator is reduced.
[0015] Working principle: when in use, the number of layers of support columns 2 is selected according to the existing height of the building, and then the support columns 2 are stacked, and the adjacent connecting frames 3 are connected by bolts, and then one end of the steel belt 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the elevator car 5, and then the other end is guided by the guide roller seat 28, passes through the speed limiter 20, and is sleeved with the driving wheels on both ends of the dual-axis motor 19, and then passes through the top seat 18 and the counterweight 13 and is fixedly connected to the winding roller 15, and then the winding roller 15 winds up the steel belt 17, and determines the length of the steel belt 17 between the elevator car 5 and the counterweight 13, ensuring that when one is at the bottom of the support column 2, the other is at the top, and then the extended end of the limiting telescopic rod 24 is abutted and clamped against the side of the support column 2 through the limiting frame 25 carrying the limiting roller 26; During operation, a dividing line is set for the load of the elevator car 5, which is divided into low load and heavy load. When the load is low, the steel belt 17 is driven to move by the double-shaft motor 19, and then the elevator car 5 is driven to move up and down through the counterweight of the counterweight block 13. When the load is heavy, the drive motor 7 and the double-shaft motor 19 are started at the same time, and then the elevator car 5 is driven to rise, so as to avoid the single traction power being insufficient, resulting in the elevator running out of control; Anti-fall measures: 1. When the elevator car 5 stalls, by turning off the power input of the electromagnetic device 9 on one side of the movable sleeve 4, the support column 2 is brought into contact with the movable sleeve 4 through the repulsive force of the electromagnetic device 9 on the other side, and the descent speed of the elevator car 5 is reduced through friction, and even the movable sleeve 4 is forced to stop relative to the support column 2; 2. Through the extended end of the anti-fall telescopic rod 12, the anti-fall buckle 10 is then intercepted to prevent the elevator car 5 from continuing to fall, and the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy to avoid a large impact; 3. The steel belt 17 is directly locked through the speed limiter 20 to pull the elevator car 5 to prevent the elevator car 5 from falling.
Claims
1. A building elevator, comprising a base (1), an elevator car (5), a ratchet device (16) and a laser rangefinder (29), characterized in that: A support column (2) is fixedly installed on the base (1). The support column (2) is in the shape of "㠯". Two support columns (2) form a group and are symmetrically arranged left and right. A connecting frame (3) is fixedly connected between the two support columns (2). The connecting frame (3) is in the shape of "工". The support columns (2) are arranged in a stacked manner up and down. The connecting frames (3) on adjacent two support columns (2) are connected by bolts. An activity sleeve (4) is movably sleeved on the support column (2). A side surface of the activity sleeve (4) is fixedly connected with an elevator car (5). A rack (6) is fixedly installed in the middle of the front and rear sides of the support column (2). Driving motors (7) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the elevator car (5). A driving gear (8) is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the driving motor (7). The driving gear (8) is meshed with the rack (6). Electromagnetic devices (9) are uniformly fixedly installed inside the activity sleeve (4) and on the side of the support column (2). Permanent magnets are uniformly fixedly installed inside the support column (2). Laser rangefinders (29) facing the support column (2) are fixedly installed on the top and four sides of the top of the activity sleeve (4).
2. A construction elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A card slot is opened in the middle of one side of the support column (2) close to the connecting frame (3). Support springs (11) are uniformly movably installed in the card slot. Anti-falling buckles (10) are uniformly movably clamped in the card slot. The anti-falling buckles (10) are fixedly connected with the support springs (11). An anti-falling telescopic rod (12) is fixedly installed on the connecting frame (3). A receiving hole is opened on the connecting frame (3). An extending shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod (12) is movably sleeved in the receiving hole. The anti-falling buckle (10) is movably clamped with the extending shaft of the anti-falling telescopic rod (12).
3. A construction elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A counterweight (13) is movably sleeved inside the support column (2). A bottom of the counterweight (13) is fixedly connected with a winding box (14). A winding roller (15) is movably sleeved inside the winding box (14). A ratchet device (16) is fixedly connected inside the winding box (14). Two ends of the winding roller (15) are respectively fixedly sleeved with ratchet gears inside the ratchet device (16). A steel belt (17) is fixedly connected to the winding roller (15). A part of the steel belt (17) is wound on the steel belt (17). A top seat (18) is fixedly sleeved on the top of the topmost support column (2). Double-shaft motors (19) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the upper surface of the top seat (18). Driving wheels are fixedly sleeved on output shafts of the double-shaft motors (19). Speed limiters (20) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the top seat (18). Guide roller seats (28) are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the upper surface of the top seat (18). One end of the steel belt (17) passes through the counterweight (13), the top seat (18) and the speed limiter (20) in sequence and is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the elevator car (5). The steel belt (17) is movably sleeved with the driving wheels and the guide roller seats (28) respectively and is connected through the steel belt (17) and the driving wheels.
4. A construction elevator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A movable groove is provided inside the counterweight (13) and on both sides of the steel belt (17), a locking telescopic rod (21) is fixedly installed in the movable groove, the protruding end of the locking telescopic rod (21) is fixedly connected to a clamping block (22), the clamping block (22) is movably engaged with the side of the steel belt (17), and a roller (27) is evenly and movably sleeved on the side of the counterweight (13), and the surface of the roller (27) is movably connected to the inner cavity surface of the support column (2).
5. A construction elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting plate (23) is fixedly connected to the side of the elevator car (5) and located on the inner side of the support column (2); a limiting telescopic rod (24) is fixedly installed symmetrically above and below the connecting plate (23); the extended end of the limiting telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected to a limiting frame (25); a limiting roller (26) is evenly and movably installed on the limiting frame (25); and the surface of the limiting roller (26) is movably connected to the side of the support column (2).