Quantum electronic commerce system and transaction method based on efficient quantum digital payment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum electronic commerce, and particularly relates to a quantum electronic commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment and a transaction method. The problems that current quantum digital payment is complex in operation and poor in performance, and the quantum electronic commerce transaction process is incomplete are solved. According to the quantum electronic commerce system, quantum key distribution and quantum digital signature are combined to realize a complete and safe quantum electronic commerce system, ordering, payment, transportation and signing agreements are involved, and the online shopping process is completely simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of quantum e-commerce, and in particular relates to a quantum e-commerce system and a transaction method based on efficient quantum digital payment. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of quantum computers and quantum algorithms has had a strong impact on modern cryptography, triggering researchers to study cryptography with a higher level of security: the security of the current cryptographic system mainly depends on computational complexity, and it should be replaced by more secure post-quantum cryptography or quantum key distribution (QKD). Without limiting the computing power of attackers, QKD based on the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics, combined with one-time pad, can achieve secure information transmission.

[0003] With the widespread use of the Internet and smartphones, e-commerce plays an increasingly important role in daily life. Whether people can generally use e-commerce depends mainly on the security of this transaction model, that is, it is necessary to determine the credibility of the platform, the identity of the buyer, the identity of the seller, and the performance of the contract by both parties. An irrefutable commitment between the buyer and the seller is required to ensure the validity of the transaction. The security of classic e-commerce mainly uses symmetric key and asymmetric key encryption algorithms, classic digital signatures, etc. Although QKD can ensure the security of transaction information, it cannot meet the five task requirements of e-commerce between multiple participants: integrity, authentication, non-repudiation, accountability, and fairness. How to complete the five cryptographic tasks of e-commerce has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0004] Fortunately, quantum digital signatures can complete the five cryptographic tasks required by e-commerce. The signer signs, the verifier verifies the signature, and the trusted third party also verifies the signature to ensure the validity of the quantum digital signature. At the same time, the trusted third party acts as a central authority to supervise the two participants to prevent them from forging or denying attacks. When the signature is executed, the trusted third party can provide undeniable evidence to resolve any disputes that may arise between the two parties to the transaction, that is, accountability. This quantum e-commerce solution has been studied. However, for actual quantum e-commerce, the solution only involves the commodity purchase process of quantum e-commerce, and lacks the payment of funds, commodity transportation and receipt process of quantum e-commerce.

[0005] With the development of science and technology, paper banknotes that are easy to carry and difficult to copy may be counterfeited. In order to improve security, researchers have proposed quantum banknotes based on the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics. However, the use of quantum banknotes is subject to certain restrictions because they need to be stored in quantum storage devices until consumers make transactions. In recent years, with the popularity of digital payment methods such as WeChat Pay and Alipay, a quantum digital payment technology has also emerged. This technology combines the preparation, transmission, and measurement of QKD and payment tokens, aiming to solve the storage and use limitations faced by quantum banknotes. Although this quantum digital payment technology has potential advantages, this quantum digital payment technology cannot yet meet the needs of consumers to conduct transactions anytime, anywhere, and its transaction processing speed is relatively low.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a complete quantum e-commerce system with efficient quantum digital payment. The system only needs to use one QKD to achieve efficient quantum digital payment. In other words, consumers can consume anytime and anywhere. By combining quantum digital payment and quantum digital signature to achieve complete quantum e-commerce, e-commerce has taken a key step towards safer quantum e-commerce. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment to make up for the defects in the actual e-commerce transaction process and eliminate all repudiation and forgery attacks in the ordering, payment, transportation and receipt processes.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a transaction method based on the above-mentioned quantum e-commerce system to solve the problem of missing payment process in transactions, as well as to solve the problems of current quantum digital payment solutions that cannot be consumed anytime and anywhere, inefficient transactions, and complex systems.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment, comprising a trusted third-party platform, a merchant module, a logistics company module, a bank module and a customer module, wherein the trusted third-party platform as a sending end distributes security keys to the merchant module, the logistics company module, the bank module and the customer module as a receiving end, respectively, and the bank module as a sending end distributes security keys to the customer module as a receiving end;

[0011] The trusted third-party platform includes a first laser, which emits continuous light. The continuous light is divided into feedback light and signal light after passing through a first attenuator, a first in-phase and quadrature (IQ) modulator and a first beam splitter in sequence. The feedback light is received by a first detector. The signal light is time-sharingly routed to a second attenuator, a third attenuator, a fourth attenuator and a fifth attenuator through a 1×4 optical switch. The second attenuator, the third attenuator, the fourth attenuator and the fifth attenuator respectively send the signal light to a merchant module, a logistics company module, a bank module and a customer module through an unsafe quantum channel.

[0012] The merchant module includes a first polarization control module and a second laser. The signal light output by the second attenuator enters the second beam splitter through the first polarization control module. The second laser emits a local local oscillator (LLO). The LLO enters the second beam splitter through a sixth attenuator. In the second beam splitter, the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the first heterodyne detector to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal.

[0013] The logistics company module includes a second polarization control module and a third laser. The signal light output by the third attenuator enters the third beam splitter through the second polarization control module. The third laser emits LLO. The LLO enters the third beam splitter through the seventh attenuator. In the third beam splitter, the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the second heterodyne detector, and the quantum signal is extracted according to the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal.

[0014] The bank module includes a third polarization control module and a fourth laser. The signal light output by the fourth attenuator enters the fourth beam splitter through the third polarization control module. The fourth laser emits LLO. The LLO enters the fifth beam splitter through the eighth attenuator. The fifth beam splitter divides the LLO into two beams. One beam of LLO enters the fourth beam splitter to couple with the signal light to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the third heterodyne detector to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal. The other beam of LLO enters the second IQ modulator to obtain the signal light encoding the key information. The signal light encoding the key information is divided into two parts through the sixth beam splitter, one part is received by the second detector, and the other part enters the unsafe quantum channel through the ninth attenuator and is sent to the client module.

[0015] The client module includes a 1×2 optical switch, a fourth polarization control module and a fifth laser. The signal light output by the fifth attenuator and the signal light output by the ninth attenuator are time-sharingly routed to the fourth polarization control module via the 1×2 optical switch. The signal light output by the fourth polarization control module enters the seventh beam splitter. The fifth laser emits an LLO, which enters the seventh beam splitter via the tenth attenuator. In the seventh beam splitter, the LLO and the signal light are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the fourth heterodyne detector, and the quantum signal is extracted through the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal.

[0016] Furthermore, the first polarization control module, the second polarization control module, the third polarization control module and the fourth polarization control module each include a polarization controller and a polarization beam splitter connected in sequence.

[0017] Furthermore, the first laser is a high-performance continuous single-frequency laser with a line width of 100 Hz and a wavelength of 1550.12 nm. The frequency difference between the second laser and the first laser is 2 GHz. The frequency difference between the third laser and the first laser is 2 GHz. The frequency difference between the fourth laser and the first laser is 2 GHz. The frequency difference between the fifth laser and the first laser and the fourth laser is 1.95 GHz and 50 MHz respectively.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a transaction method of a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1, building a quantum e-commerce system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3;

[0020] Step 2: The trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the customer sign the ordering contract;

[0021] Step 3: The customer cooperates with the bank to pay the goods to a trusted third-party platform;

[0022] Step 4: The trusted third-party platform, merchant and logistics company sign a transportation contract;

[0023] Step 5: The trusted third-party platform, logistics company and customer sign the delivery contract;

[0024] Step 6: The trusted third-party platform deducts the pre-agreed commission and works with the bank to pay the merchant.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 2, the trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the customer sign a subscription contract, specifically:

[0026] Step 2.1: The merchant uses a quantum random number generator to generate an irreducible polynomial p(x) and selects an n-bit key. As the initial column vector, a linear feedback shift register Toeplitz matrix H is constructed together nm , n and m are the rows and columns of the matrix respectively. Merchants use linear feedback shift registers to store the Toeplitz matrix H nm Perform a hash operation on the order contract W and obtain the hash value Hash = H nm W, the merchant concatenates the hash value with the irreducible polynomial p(x) to construct a summary and uses a 2n-bit key The summary is encrypted to obtain the merchant's exclusive signature, and the merchant sends the contract and signature to the customer through the authenticated classic channel;

[0027] Step 2.2: After the customer accepts the contract, the contract is sent to the trusted third-party platform, and the trusted third-party platform will publish the key Clients use their own keys Recovering the Merchant Signing Key The customer performs the signing operation and verifies the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the verification is successful and the trusted third-party platform is notified. Otherwise, the subscription contract is terminated.

[0028] Step 2.3: After the customer signature is verified, the trusted third-party platform uses its own key Perform the signing operation and verify the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the order contract is signed; otherwise, the order contract is terminated.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 3, the customer cooperates with the bank to pay the payment to the trusted third-party platform, specifically:

[0030] Step 3.1: The customer creates an electronic account at the bank through the classic authentication channel and obtains a unique identity C ID , the bank uses the identity identifier C ID Each customer is provided with a cardholder token C and uses a security key The cardholder token C is encrypted and then sent to the customer through the classic authentication channel. When the customer initiates a payment request, the bank generates a one-time payment token P, which is also encrypted and sent to the customer.

[0031] Step 3.2: The customer sends the cardholder token C, the one-time payment token P, and the identity token T of the trusted third-party platform. ID , and the payment amount M into a new file, and the new file is signed. The customer signs his / her own identity C ID and signature Send to a trusted third-party platform;

[0032] Step 3.3: The trusted third-party platform combines its own identity T ID, the payment amount M and the customer's information are sent to the bank;

[0033] Step 3.4, according to the C sent by the trusted third-party platform ID The bank locates the customer's cardholder token C and one-time payment token P, and combines the identity identifier T of the trusted third-party platform ID The bank verifies the consistency of the signature with the payment amount M. If the signatures are consistent, the bank pays the customer's payment to the trusted third-party platform, otherwise the payment is terminated.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] The quantum e-commerce system designed by the present invention based on efficient quantum digital payment has the advantages of integrity, high performance, low cost and simplicity. At the same time, it does not need to prepare, transmit and measure one-time payment tokens separately, and can complete the task of quantum digital payment in a single QKD link. The system also ensures the security of the entire transaction process, including: ordering, payment, transportation and receipt of goods. Moreover, the present invention is the first to combine quantum digital payment with quantum e-commerce, simulating the actual online shopping process, paving the way for practical quantum e-commerce systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment.

[0037] Figure 2 Flowchart for ordering contract and payment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below through embodiments.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment in this embodiment includes a trusted third-party platform 1, a merchant module 2, a logistics company module 3, a bank module 4 and a customer module 5. The trusted third-party platform 1, as a sending end, distributes security keys to the merchant module 2, the logistics company module 3, the bank module 4 and the customer module 5 as receiving ends respectively. The bank module 4, as a sending end, distributes security keys to the customer module 5 as a receiving end.

[0040] The trusted third-party platform 1 includes a first laser 11, which emits continuous light. After the continuous light passes through a first attenuator 12, a first IQ modulator 13 and a first beam splitter 14 in sequence, it is divided into feedback light and signal light. The feedback light is received by a first detector 15. The signal light is routed to a second attenuator 17, a third attenuator 18, a fourth attenuator 19 and a fifth attenuator 20 through a 1×4 optical switch 16 in a time-sharing manner. The second attenuator 17, the third attenuator 18, the fourth attenuator 19 and the fifth attenuator 20 respectively send the signal light to a merchant module 2, a logistics company module 3, a bank module 4 and a customer module 5 through an insecure quantum channel.

[0041] The first laser 11 is a high-performance continuous single-frequency (1550.12nm) laser with a line width of 100Hz; the first attenuator 12 attenuates the optical power of the first laser 11 to 1mW, and the first IQ modulator 13 uses quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation to encode the key information of the participants and the pilot information on the attenuated continuous light. The repetition rate of the key information is 625MHz, realizing the discrete modulation coherent state protocol; the first beam splitter 14 divides the modulated continuous light into two parts, 10% and 90%, and the first detector 15 receives 10% of the feedback light to lock the bias operating point of the first IQ modulator 13. The 1×4 optical switch 16 routes 90% of the signal light to the second attenuator 17, the third attenuator 18, the fourth attenuator 19 and the fifth attenuator 20 in a time-sharing manner. The second attenuator 17, the third attenuator 18, the fourth attenuator 19 and the fifth attenuator 20 attenuate the intensity of their respective signal lights to an appropriate level (single-photon level), and send them to merchants, customers, logistics companies and banks respectively through an insecure quantum channel (long-distance single-mode optical fiber), thereby realizing time-sharing QKD among different participants.

[0042] The merchant module 2 includes a first polarization control module 21 and a second laser 22. The signal light output by the second attenuator 17 enters the second beam splitter 23 via the first polarization control module 21. The second laser 22 emits LLO. The LLO enters the second beam splitter 23 via the sixth attenuator 24. In the second beam splitter 23, the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the first heterodyne detector 25 to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal.

[0043] The first polarization control module 21 adjusts the polarization state of the signal light output by the quantum channel to the optimal interference state, that is, restores the polarization; the frequency of the second laser 22 is shifted, and the frequency difference with the first laser 11 is 2GHz, providing LLO for heterodyne detection; the sixth attenuator 24 attenuates the LLO optical power to 4mW, and the second beam splitter 23 is a 50 / 50 beam splitter, which couples LLO and signal light for interference, and the first heterodyne detector 25 based on optical fiber measures the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the pilot signal and the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the quantum signal. The corresponding electrical signal is collected by a high-speed oscilloscope, processed by the Labview program, and the frequency difference between the second laser 22 and the first laser 11 and the relative phase change between the phase reference system are calculated, and reliable frequency estimation and phase reference are established for the extraction of quantum signals.

[0044] The logistics company module 3 includes a second polarization control module 31 and a third laser 32. The signal light output by the third attenuator 18 enters the third beam splitter 33 through the second polarization control module 31. The third laser 32 emits LLO. The LLO enters the third beam splitter 33 through the seventh attenuator 34. In the third beam splitter 33, the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the second heterodyne detector 35, and the quantum signal is extracted according to the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal.

[0045] Similarly, the receiving logistics company module 3 performs similar operations as the merchant 2. That is: the second polarization control module 31 adjusts the polarization state of the signal light output by the quantum channel to linear polarized light consistent with the polarization direction of the LLO, the frequency difference between the third laser 32 and the first laser 11 is 2GHz, and LLO is provided for the interference measurement of the quantum signal; the seventh attenuator 34 attenuates the LLO optical power to 4mW, providing sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for the interference measurement; the second beam splitter 33 couples the LLO and the signal light to achieve interference, and the second heterodyne detector 35 measures the interference signal, extracts the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, and thus restores the quantum signal.

[0046] The bank module 4 includes a third polarization control module 41 and a fourth laser 42. The signal light output by the fourth attenuator 19 enters the fourth beam splitter 43 through the third polarization control module 41. The fourth laser 42 emits LLO. The LLO enters the fifth beam splitter 45 through the eighth attenuator 44. The fifth beam splitter 45 divides the LLO into two beams. One beam of LLO enters the fourth beam splitter 43 to couple with the signal light to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the third heterodyne detector 46 to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal. The other beam of LLO enters the second IQ modulator 47 to obtain continuous light encoding key information. The continuous light encoding key information is divided into two parts through the sixth beam splitter 48, one part is received by the second detector 49, and the other part enters the unsafe quantum channel through the ninth attenuator 50 to be sent to the customer module 5.

[0047] The bank module 4 is both a receiving end and a transmitting end. The third polarization control module 41 is used to adjust the polarization state of the signal light output by the single-mode optical fiber, thereby maximizing the interference of the signal light. The fourth laser 42 adjusts the frequency through the host computer software, and the frequency difference with the first laser 11 is 2GHz, providing LLO for heterodyne detection of the signal light. The eighth attenuator 44 attenuates the optical power of the LLO to 5mW. The fifth beam splitter 45 divides the attenuated LLO into two parts of 20% and 80%. The fourth beam splitter 43 (50 / 50 beam splitter) couples 80% of the LLO with the signal light for interference, and the third heterodyne detector 46 based on the optical fiber measures the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the pilot signal and the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the quantum signal. The corresponding electrical signal is collected by a high-speed oscilloscope, and the frequency difference between the fourth laser 42 and the first laser 11 and the relative phase change between the phase reference systems are calculated by Labview program, so as to establish a reliable frequency estimation and phase reference for the extraction of quantum signals; the remaining 20% ​​of the continuous light is used as a continuous variable QKD light source and is modulated into a continuous light with a repetition rate of 625MHz by the second IQ modulator 47, which contains quantum signals and pilot signals, so as to realize the QPSK discrete modulation coherent state protocol; the sixth beam splitter 48 divides the continuous light encoding the key information into two parts, 10% and 90%; the second detector 49 receives 10% of the signal to realize the locking of the bias point of the second IQ modulator 47, and the remaining 90% of the continuous light is used as the signal light, and the signal light output by the ninth attenuator 50 is transmitted to the customer via a long-distance single-mode optical fiber; the ninth attenuator 50 adjusts the signal light to a suitable level according to the modulation variance fed back by the customer at the receiving end.

[0048] The client module 5 includes a 1×2 optical switch 51, a fourth polarization control module 52 and a fifth laser 53. The signal light output by the fifth attenuator 20 and the signal light output by the ninth attenuator 50 are time-sharingly routed to the fourth polarization control module 52 via the 1×2 optical switch 51. The signal light output by the fourth polarization control module 52 enters the seventh beam splitter 54. The fifth laser 53 emits an LLO, which enters the seventh beam splitter 54 via the tenth attenuator 55. In the seventh beam splitter 54, the LLO and the signal light are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the fourth heterodyne detector 56 to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby recovering the quantum signal.

[0049] The 1×2 optical switch 51 routes the quantum signals sent by the trusted third-party platform 1 and the bank module 4 to the customer security station in a time-sharing manner to realize time-sharing communication; the fourth polarization control module 52 adjusts the polarization state of the signal light sent by the trusted third-party platform 1 (bank module 4) to a linear polarization state consistent with the polarization direction of LLO according to the optical power of the two arms of the polarization beam splitter; the frequency difference between the fifth laser 53 and the first laser 11 and the fourth laser 42 is 1.95 GHz and 50 MHz respectively, in order to realize interference measurement with the signal light of the trusted third-party platform 1 and the bank module 4 respectively; the tenth attenuator 55 attenuates the LLO optical power to 4 mW; the seventh beam splitter 54 (50 / 50 beam splitter) couples the LLO and the signal light for interference, and the interfered light beam is detected by a fourth heterodyne detector 56 based on optical fiber, and the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the pilot signal and the orthogonal amplitude component and orthogonal phase component of the quantum signal are measured respectively. The corresponding electrical signals are collected by a high-speed oscilloscope and processed by the Labview program to calculate the frequency difference between the fifth laser 53 and the first laser 11 (the fifth laser 53 and the fourth laser 42) and the relative phase change between the phase reference systems, and establish reliable frequency estimation and phase reference for the extraction of quantum signals.

[0050] The first polarization control module 21 , the second polarization control module 31 , the third polarization control module 41 , and the fourth polarization control module 52 of this embodiment each include a polarization controller and a polarization beam splitter connected in sequence.

[0051] The transaction method of the quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment designed by Example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step 1, building a quantum e-commerce system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3;

[0053] Step 2: The trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the customer sign a subscription contract, including (e.g. Figure 2 a) in Chinese:

[0054] Step 2.1: The merchant uses his quantum random number generator to generate an irreducible polynomial p(x) and selects an n-bit key As the initial column vector, a linear feedback shift register Toeplitz matrix H is constructed together nm , n and m are the rows and columns of the matrix respectively. Merchants use linear feedback shift registers to store the Toeplitz matrix H nm Perform a hash operation on the order contract W and obtain the hash value Hash = H nm W, the merchant concatenates the hash value with the irreducible polynomial p(x) to construct a summary and uses a 2n-bit key The summary is encrypted to obtain the merchant's exclusive signature, and the merchant sends the contract and signature to the customer through the authenticated classic channel;

[0055] Step 2.2: After the customer accepts the contract, the contract is sent to the trusted third-party platform, and the trusted third-party platform will publish the key Clients use their own keys Recovering the Merchant Signing Key The customer performs the signing operation and verifies the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the verification is successful and the trusted third-party platform is notified (1). Otherwise, the subscription contract is terminated.

[0056] Step 2.3: After the customer signature is verified, the trusted third-party platform uses its own key Perform the signing operation and verify the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the order contract is signed; otherwise, the order contract is terminated.

[0057] Step 3: The customer and the bank cooperate to pay the goods to the trusted third-party platform, including (e.g. Figure 2 b) in Chinese:

[0058] Step 3.1: The customer creates an account at the bank through the classic authentication channel and obtains a unique identity C ID , the bank uses the identity identifier C ID Each customer is provided with a cardholder token C and uses a security key The cardholder token C is encrypted and then sent to the customer through the classic authentication channel. When the customer initiates a payment request, the bank generates a one-time payment token P, which is also encrypted and sent to the customer.

[0059] Step 3.2: The customer sends the cardholder token C, the one-time payment token P, and the identity token T of the trusted third-party platform. ID , and the payment amount M into a new file, and the new file is signed. The customer signs his / her own identity C ID and signature Send to a trusted third-party platform;

[0060] Step 3.3: The trusted third-party platform combines its own identity T ID , the payment amount M and the customer's information are sent to the bank;

[0061] Step 3.4, according to the C sent by the trusted third-party platform ID The bank locates the customer's cardholder token C and one-time payment token P, and combines the identity identifier T of the trusted third-party platform ID The bank verifies the consistency of the signature with the payment amount M. If the signatures are consistent, the bank pays the customer's payment to the trusted third-party platform, otherwise the payment is terminated.

[0062] Step 4: The trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the logistics company sign a transportation contract, which is similar to step 2;

[0063] Step 5: The trusted third-party platform, the logistics company and the customer sign a receipt contract, which is similar to step 2;

[0064] Step 6: The trusted third-party platform deducts the pre-agreed commission and cooperates with the bank to pay the merchant, which is similar to step 3.

[0065] The above shows and describes the main features and advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention.

[0066] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment, characterized in that: The system comprises a trusted third-party platform (1), a merchant module (2), a logistics company module (3), a bank module (4) and a customer module (5); the trusted third-party platform (1) serves as a sending end and distributes security keys to the merchant module (2), the logistics company module (3), the bank module (4) and the customer module (5) as receiving ends respectively; and the bank module (4) serves as a sending end and distributes security keys to the customer module (5) as a receiving end; The trusted third-party platform (1) comprises a first laser (11), wherein the first laser (11) emits continuous light, wherein the continuous light is sequentially passed through a first attenuator (12), a first IQ modulator (13) and a first beam splitter (14), and then is divided into feedback light and signal light, wherein the feedback light is received by a first detector (15), and the signal light is time-dividedly routed to a second attenuator (17), a third attenuator (18), a fourth attenuator (19) and a fifth attenuator (20) via a 1×4 optical switch (16), wherein the second attenuator (17), the third attenuator (18), the fourth attenuator (19) and the fifth attenuator (20) respectively send the signal light to a merchant module (2), a logistics company module (3), a bank module (4) and a customer module (5) through an insecure quantum channel; The merchant module (2) comprises a first polarization control module (21) and a second laser (22); the signal light output by the second attenuator (17) enters the second beam splitter (23) via the first polarization control module (21); the second laser (22) emits LLO; the LLO enters the second beam splitter (23) via a sixth attenuator (24); in the second beam splitter (23), the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal; the interference signal enters the first heterodyne detector (25) to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal; The logistics company module (3) comprises a second polarization control module (31) and a third laser (32); the signal light output by the third attenuator (18) enters the third beam splitter (33) via the second polarization control module (31); the third laser (32) emits LLO; the LLO enters the third beam splitter (33) via a seventh attenuator (34); in the first beam splitter (33), the signal light and the LLO are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal; the interference signal enters the second heterodyne detector (35); and the quantum signal is extracted according to the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal; The bank module (4) comprises a third polarization control module (41) and a fourth laser (42). The signal light output by the fourth attenuator (19) enters the fourth beam splitter (43) via the third polarization control module (41). The fourth laser (42) emits LLO. The LLO enters the fifth beam splitter (45) via the eighth attenuator (44). The fifth beam splitter (45) splits the LLO into two beams. One beam of LLO enters the fourth beam splitter (43) to couple with the signal light to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters the third heterodyne detector (46) to extract the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal, thereby restoring the quantum signal. The other beam of LLO enters the second IQ modulator (47) to obtain a signal light encoding key information. The signal light encoding the key information is divided into two parts via the sixth beam splitter (48). One part is received by the second detector (49), and the other part enters the unsafe quantum channel via the ninth attenuator (50) and is sent to the client module (5). The client module (5) comprises a 1×2 optical switch (51), a fourth polarization control module (52) and a fifth laser (53). The signal light output by the fifth attenuator (20) and the signal light output by the ninth attenuator (50) are time-sharingly routed to the fourth polarization control module (52) via the 1×2 optical switch (51). The signal light output by the fourth polarization control module (52) enters a seventh beam splitter (54). The fifth laser (53) emits an LLO. The LLO enters the seventh beam splitter (54) via a tenth attenuator (55). In the seventh beam splitter (54), the LLO and the signal light are coupled and interfered to obtain an interference signal. The interference signal enters a fourth heterodyne detector (56). The quantum signal is extracted through the frequency and phase information of the pilot signal.

2. A quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first polarization control module (21), the second polarization control module (31), the third polarization control module (41), and the fourth polarization control module (52) all include a polarization controller and a polarization beam splitter connected in sequence.

3. A quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first laser (11) is a high-performance continuous single-frequency laser with a line width of 100 Hz and a wavelength of 1550.12 nm. The frequency difference between the second laser (22) and the first laser (11) is 2 GHz. The frequency difference between the third laser (32) and the first laser (11) is 2 GHz. The frequency difference between the fourth laser (42) and the first laser (11) is 2 GHz. The frequency differences between the fifth laser (53) and the first laser (11) and the fourth laser (42) are 1.95 GHz and 50 MHz, respectively.

4. A transaction method of a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, building a quantum e-commerce system as described in any one of claims 1 to 3; Step 2: The trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the customer sign the ordering contract; Step 3: The customer cooperates with the bank to pay the goods to a trusted third-party platform; Step 4: The trusted third-party platform, merchant and logistics company sign a transportation contract; Step 5: The trusted third-party platform, logistics company and customer sign the delivery contract; Step 6: The trusted third-party platform deducts the pre-agreed commission and works with the bank to pay the merchant.

5. A transaction method for a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the trusted third-party platform, the merchant and the customer sign a subscription contract, specifically: Step 2.1: The merchant uses a quantum random number generator to generate an irreducible polynomial p(x) and selects an n-bit key. As the initial column vector, a linear feedback shift register Toeplitz matrix H is constructed together nm , n and m are the rows and columns of the matrix respectively. Merchants use linear feedback shift registers to store the Toeplitz matrix H nm Perform a hash operation on the order contract W and obtain the hash value Hash = H nm W, the merchant concatenates the hash value with the irreducible polynomial p(x) to construct a summary, and uses a 2n-bit key The summary is encrypted to obtain the merchant's exclusive signature, and the merchant sends the contract and signature to the customer through the authenticated classic channel; Step 2.2: After the customer accepts the contract, the contract is sent to the trusted third-party platform, and the trusted third-party platform will publish the key Clients use their own keys Recovering the Merchant Signing Key The customer performs the signing operation and verifies the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the verification is successful and the trusted third-party platform is notified (1). Otherwise, the subscription contract is terminated. Step 2.3: After the customer signature is verified, the trusted third-party platform uses its own key Perform the signing operation and verify the signature. If the signatures are consistent, the order contract is signed; otherwise, the order contract is terminated.

6. A transaction method for a quantum e-commerce system based on efficient quantum digital payment according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3, the customer cooperates with the bank to pay the goods to the trusted third-party platform, specifically: Step 3.1: The customer creates an electronic account at the bank through the classic authentication channel and obtains a unique identity C ID , the bank uses the identity identifier C ID Each customer is provided with a cardholder token C and uses a security key The cardholder token C is encrypted and then sent to the customer through the classic authentication channel. When the customer initiates a payment request, the bank generates a one-time payment token P, which is also encrypted and sent to the customer. Step 3.2: The customer sends the cardholder token C, the one-time payment token P, and the identity token T of the trusted third-party platform. ID , and the payment amount M are combined into a new file, and the new file is signed. The customer signs his / her own identity C ID and signature Send to a trusted third-party platform; Step 3.3: The trusted third-party platform combines its own identity T ID , the payment amount M and the customer's information are sent to the bank; Step 3.4, according to the C sent by the trusted third-party platform ID The bank locates the customer's cardholder token C and one-time payment token P, and combines the identity identifier T of the trusted third-party platform ID The bank verifies the consistency of the signature with the payment amount M. If the signatures are consistent, the bank pays the customer's payment to the trusted third-party platform, otherwise the payment is terminated.

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