Transflective array antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a transmission and reflection array antenna which comprises a feed source, a dielectric substrate, M * N transmission units and m * n reflection units, the transmission unit comprises two transmission layers and two metal through holes, each transmission layer comprises a first metal sheet and second metal sheets on the two sides of the first metal sheet, and the two ends of each metal through hole are connected to the two first metal sheets; the reflection unit comprises a first reflection layer and a second reflection layer, the first reflection layer comprises a third metal sheet and fourth metal sheets on the two sides of the third metal sheet, and the second reflection layer is a fifth metal sheet; the feed source can radiate a first polarized signal and a second polarized signal which are orthogonal to each other to the dielectric substrate side; by adjusting the size of each metal sheet, the transmission unit can generate a preset phase shift value for transmitted electromagnetic waves, and the reflection unit can generate a preset phase shift value for reflected electromagnetic waves, so that the antenna can realize two-way communication, the signal coverage range is expanded, and meanwhile, radiation beams in required shapes are formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a transflective array antenna. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of wireless communication technology has posed a huge challenge to the demand for faster and more reliable communications. Antennas, as a key part of the transceiver terminal, are crucial to improving the transmission quality of wireless systems. In order to obtain greater communication capacity, the millimeter wave 5G band is an important part of the mobile communication system and can support higher data transmission rates. However, due to its higher frequency characteristics, the signal transmission distance in the millimeter wave band is relatively short, and it is easily blocked and attenuated by obstacles, resulting in a decrease in communication quality. In the study of the millimeter wave 5G band, the design of wideband antennas applied to large-capacity communication systems can overcome the limitation of short signal transmission distance and improve communication quality and reliability. In order to overcome the disadvantage that millimeter wave signals are easily affected by obstacles, a bidirectional antenna combining transmission and reflection can be designed. The bidirectional antenna has two opposite beam directions, which can achieve better coverage. Designing antennas that can generate multiple beams at the same time can improve the capacity and coverage of the system. At the same time, using antenna arrays with different polarizations can improve the transmission efficiency of signals and reduce the impact of multipath effects.

[0003] In bidirectional antennas that combine partial transmission and reflection, polarization conversion is currently mainly achieved by rotating the feed horn to switch between transmission and reflection beams. However, the response time of mechanically rotating the feed horn is long and it cannot adapt to the rapidly changing communication environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and one of its purposes is to provide a transflective array antenna that can realize two-way communication to expand the signal coverage range.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a transflective array antenna that can form transmitted and reflected signals into different deflection beams to improve signal strength in a specific area.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a transflective array antenna that can output orthogonally polarized signals without rotating the feed horn.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a transflective array antenna, comprising a feed source and a transflective array, wherein the transflective array comprises a dielectric substrate and M×N periodically arranged transmission units and m×n periodically arranged reflection units thereon, wherein the reflection units and the transmission units are arranged alternately; wherein the transmission units comprise a transmission layer arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate and two metal through holes connecting the two transmission layers, wherein the transmission layer comprises a first metal sheet and second metal sheets on both sides thereof, wherein both ends of the metal through hole are connected to the first metal sheet, and the length of the first metal sheet is L t , the length of the second metal sheet is 0.72L t , the distance between the metal through holes is 0.2L t , adjust the L t The value can make the transmission unit produce a preset phase shift value for the transmitted electromagnetic wave; the reflection unit includes a first reflection layer and a second reflection layer respectively arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate, the first reflection layer is arranged on the side of the dielectric substrate close to the feed source, the first reflection layer includes a third metal sheet and fourth metal sheets on both sides thereof, the second reflection layer is a fifth metal sheet, and the length of the third metal sheet is L r , the length of the fourth metal sheet is 0.72L r , adjust the L r The value can make the reflecting unit generate a preset phase shift value for the reflected electromagnetic wave; when the feed source radiates a first polarization signal to the dielectric substrate side, the transmission unit generates a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape; when the feed source radiates a second polarization signal orthogonal to the first polarization signal to the dielectric substrate side, the reflecting unit generates a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape.

[0008] As an implementation manner, the phase shift value of each transmission unit for the electromagnetic wave in the N258 frequency band is , , where , mm, .

[0009] As an implementation mode, the phase shift value of each of the reflection units for the electromagnetic wave in the N258 frequency band is , , , mm, .

[0010] As an implementation method, the phase shift value of each of the transmission unit and the reflection unit is The angle with the radiated single beam electromagnetic wave The relationship is: , In the formula, is the actual radiation phase of the feed source on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each transmission unit on the dielectric substrate, represents the beam elevation angle, Indicates the azimuth of the beam.

[0011] As an implementation manner, the transmission unit generates a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal, and transmits a single-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by +20°.

[0012] As an implementation method, the phase shift value of each of the transmission unit and the reflection unit is The angle with the radiated multi-beam electromagnetic waves The relationship is: , In the formula, i is the beam number, is the actual radiation phase of the feed source on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each radiation unit on the dielectric substrate, represents the elevation angle of each beam, Indicates the azimuth of each beam.

[0013] As an implementation manner, the reflection unit generates a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal, and reflects to form a dual-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by ±30°.

[0014] As an implementation manner, the fifth metal sheet is a rectangular structure, and preset portions are cut off from four corners.

[0015] As an embodiment, the feed source includes a main radiating patch and a first SIW feeding structure and a second SIW feeding structure connected thereto and orthogonally arranged, wherein the first SIW feeding structure is used to transmit a first polarized signal to the main radiating patch, and the second SIW feeding structure is used to transmit a second polarized signal to the main radiating patch.

[0016] As an implementation mode, the main radiation patch includes two pairs of symmetrical split dipole structures, and four gap rings are arranged around the main radiation patch.

[0017] According to the above description and practice, the transmission and reflection array antenna described in the present invention can produce transmission and reflection effects respectively for signals of different polarizations, and then radiate signals in two directions, so as to realize two-way communication and expand the signal coverage range. In addition, by setting the specific parameters of each transmission unit and each reflection unit, the transmitted and reflected signals can be formed into different deflection beams to improve the signal strength in a specific area. Compared with the traditional transmission or reflection array antenna that can only radiate on one side, the antenna in the present invention can radiate signals in two different directions by controlling the feed source to input signals of different polarizations, and can adapt to more complex communication systems and is flexible and changeable.

[0018] In addition, the transflective array antenna can change the polarization mode of the feed only by changing the feeding port of the feed source, thereby realizing the switching of the transmission beam-reflection beam, and has the flexibility and simplicity of mode switching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention at two different viewing angles.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a perspective view of a transmission unit in a transmissive reflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a perspective view of a reflection unit in a transmissive reflection array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the top surface of the transflective array in the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom surface of the transflective array in the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7a and Figure 7b FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a feed source in a transflective array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 7b For perspective drawing.

[0025] Figure 8a and Figure 8b FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electric field on the top surface of a transflective array in a transflective array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein Figure 8a The end of the fifth metal sheet has no cut corners, Figure 8bThe end of the fifth metal sheet has a chamfer.

[0026] Figure 9a It is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of each transmission unit when the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention transmits a single beam deflected by +20°.

[0027] Figure 9b It is a schematic diagram of phase compensation of each reflection unit when the transflective reflection array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention reflects dual beams deflected by ±30°.

[0028] Fig.10 The figure is a bandwidth and gain performance diagram of the feed source of the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figures 11a to 11d : is an EH surface beam radiation diagram of a feed source of a transflective array antenna at different frequencies involved in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig.11a 24GHz, Fig.11b 26GHz, Fig.11c 28GHz, Fig.11d It is 30GHz.

[0030] Fig.12a is the length L of the third metal sheet in the transmissive reflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention r Relationship diagram with the electromagnetic wave transmission amplitude in the N258 frequency band.

[0031] Figure 12b is the length L of the first metal sheet in the transmissive reflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention t Relationship diagram with the electromagnetic wave reflection amplitude in the N258 frequency band.

[0032] Fig.13a is the length L of the first metal sheet in the transmissive reflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention t Relationship diagram with the phase shift value of electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band.

[0033] Fig.13b is the length L of the third metal sheet in the transmissive reflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention r Relationship diagram with the phase shift value of electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band.

[0034] Fig.14 It is a gain diagram of the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention in the N258 frequency band.

[0035] Figures 15a to 15cThe radiation patterns of the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention at different frequencies when the first polarized signal is fed through the first SIW feeding structure and a single beam effect of transmission deflection +20° is achieved, wherein: Fig.15a 24GHz, Fig.15b 26GHz, Fig.15c It is 27.5GHz.

[0036] Figures 16a to 16c The radiation patterns at different frequencies of the transflective array antenna involved in one embodiment of the present invention when the second polarization signal is fed through the second SIW feeding structure and the reflection deflection ±30° dual beam effect is achieved, wherein: Fig.16a 24GHz, Fig.16b 26GHz, Fig.16c It is 27.5GHz.

[0037] The reference numerals in the figure are: 1. Feed source 2. Transmission unit 3. Reflection unit 4. Dielectric substrate 11. First SIW feeding structure 12. Second SIW feeding structure 13. Main radiation patch 14. Gap ring 51. First metal sheet 52. Second metal sheet 53. Third metal sheet 54. Fourth metal sheet 55. Fifth metal sheet 56. Metal through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete and fully convey the concepts of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0039] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the figures represent the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted. It should be noted that in the present disclosure, the terms "including", "configured with", and "set in" are used to express the meaning of open-ended inclusion, and mean that in addition to the listed elements / components / etc., there may be other elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used as marks, and are not restrictions on the number or order of their objects; the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] This embodiment discloses a transflective array antenna. Please refer to Figures 1 to 7b The transflective array antenna includes a feed source 1 and a transflective array. The feed source 1 is used to radiate a signal to the transflective array, and then the transflective array transmits or reflects the signal. At the same time, during the transmission and reflection process, a preset phase shift is generated for the signal, and finally a beam of a preset shape is radiated externally. The transmitted signal and the reflected signal face different directions, thus forming a bidirectional antenna.

[0042] Specifically, the transmissive reflective array includes a dielectric substrate 4 and M×N periodically arranged transmissive units 2 and m×n periodically arranged reflective units 3 thereon, and each reflective unit 3 and transmissive unit 2 are alternately arranged. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, a total of 15×15 transmission units 2 and a total of 14×14 reflection units 3 are provided, so as to form a better transmission beam and reflection beam for the signal output by the feed source 1.

[0043] Please combine Figure 3The transmission unit 2 includes transmission layers arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate 4 and two metal through holes 56 connecting the two transmission layers. Each transmission layer includes a first metal sheet 51 and second metal sheets 52 on both sides thereof, and both ends of the two metal through holes 56 are connected to the first metal sheet 51. The length of the first metal sheet 51 is L t , the length of the second metal sheet 52 is 0.72L t , the distance between the metal vias 56 is 0.2L t . Adjust L t The value can make the transmission unit 2 produce a preset phase shift value for the transmitted electromagnetic wave, such as Fig.13a As shown, different sizes of L t The value can produce different phase shift values ​​for the electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band. Therefore, by setting each L in the 15×15 transmission units 2 t The value can make each transmission unit 2 generate a preset phase shift value for the transmitted signal, and finally transmit a radiation beam of a preset shape. In each transmission unit 2, the upper and lower transmission layers form a multi-resonance dipole, and there is a weak coupling between the upper and lower dipole layers. The metal through hole 56 can transmit energy between the upper dipole and the lower dipole, increase the coupling between the upper and lower dipole layers, and improve the transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to achieve good transmission amplitude-phase characteristics by simultaneously changing the length of the dipole arm and the distance between the metal vias.

[0044] Please combine Figure 4 , the reflection unit 3 includes a first reflection layer and a second reflection layer respectively arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate 4. The first reflection layer is arranged on the side of the dielectric substrate 4 close to the feed source 1, and the first reflection layer includes a third metal sheet 53 and fourth metal sheets 54 on both sides thereof. The second reflection layer is a fifth metal sheet 55. The length of the third metal sheet 53 is L r , the length of the fourth metal sheet 54 is 0.72L r . Adjust L r The value can cause the reflection unit 3 to generate a preset phase shift value for the reflected electromagnetic wave. Fig.13b As shown, different sizes of L r The value can produce different phase shift values ​​for the electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band. Therefore, by setting each L in the 14×14 reflection units 3 r The value can make each reflection unit 3 generate a preset phase shift value for the reflected signal, and finally reflect a radiation beam of a preset shape. The metal sheet in the first reflection layer forms a multi-resonance dipole, which cooperates with the reflection plate formed by the fifth metal sheet 55, and then achieves a good reflection amplitude-phase characteristic by changing the length of the dipole arm.

[0045] In this embodiment, the feed source 1 can radiate an orthogonal first polarization signal or second polarization signal to the dielectric substrate 4 side. When the feed source 1 radiates the first polarization signal to the dielectric substrate 4 side, the transmission unit 2 generates a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape, and the reflection unit 3 cannot generate a reflection effect on the first polarization signal. When the feed source 1 radiates a second polarization signal orthogonal to the first polarization signal to the dielectric substrate 4 side, the reflection unit 3 generates a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape, and the transmission unit 2 cannot generate a transmission effect on the second polarization signal.

[0046] The transmission-reflection array antenna can produce transmission and reflection effects for signals of different polarizations, and then radiate signals in two directions, so as to realize two-way communication and expand the signal coverage. In addition, by setting the specific parameters of each transmission unit 2 and each reflection unit 3, the transmitted and reflected signals can be formed into different deflection beams to improve the signal strength in a specific area. Compared with the traditional transmission or reflection array antenna that can only radiate on one side, the antenna in the present invention can radiate signals in two different directions by controlling the feed source 1 to input signals of different polarizations, and can adapt to more complex communication systems and is flexible and changeable.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the transmission unit 2 and the reflection unit 3 are arranged vertically and staggered with each other. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the first metal sheet 51 is parallel to the second metal sheet 52, the third metal sheet 53, the fourth metal sheet 54 and the fifth metal sheet 55 are parallel, the first metal sheet 51 is perpendicular to the third metal sheet 53, and the first metal sheet 51 is perpendicular to the fifth metal sheet 55, which can reduce the coupling effect between the two radiation units, improve the isolation, and avoid mutual interference between the two radiation units when calculating the array phase compensation, so that the phase compensation of the two radiation units can be calculated separately, which greatly simplifies the design process of each radiation unit. In addition, the second metal sheet 52 is shorter than the first metal sheet 51, and the fourth metal sheet 54 is shorter than the third metal sheet 53, which can increase the distance between the transmission layer and the first reflection layer to a certain extent, and further reduce the coupling effect between the two radiation units.

[0048] Further, in this embodiment, the fifth metal sheet 55 is a rectangular structure, and predetermined portions are cut off from the four corners. Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, a triangular area is cut off from each of the four corners of the fifth metal sheet 55, thereby increasing the distance from the adjacent transmission layer and further improving the isolation between the reflection unit 3 and the radiation unit. Figure 8a and Figure 8bAs shown, when the feed source 1 outputs radiation that can excite the reflection unit 3, if the fifth metal sheet 55 is not cut, there is a strong coupling between the transmission layer and the fifth metal sheet 55, and the transmission layer also excites the induced electric field; after the fifth metal sheet 55 is cut, there is almost no electric field on the transmission layer, so the cutting of the fifth metal sheet 55 significantly reduces the coupling between the two units and improves the isolation between the two structures. In other embodiments, the four corners of the fifth metal sheet 55 can also cut off the areas of arc, fan shape, etc., which can reduce the coupling effect of the two adjacent radiation units to a certain extent.

[0049] In addition, combined Fig.12a and Figure 12b , Fig.12a The length L of the third metal sheet 53 in the reflecting unit 3 is changed. r , the influence on the transmission amplitude of the transmission unit 2, Figure 12b The length L of the first metal sheet 51 in the transmission unit 2 is changed. t , the influence on the reflection amplitude of the reflection unit 3. As can be seen from the figure, in the corresponding frequency band, the transmission amplitude is >0.7, and the reflection amplitude is >0.9, which shows that the parameter change between the two unit structures has little effect on the amplitude and the isolation is high.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, the phase shift value of the electromagnetic wave of the N258 frequency band by the transmission unit 2 is , the phase shift value and L in the transmission layer t The values ​​have the following relationship: (1) In the formula , mm, .

[0051] It should be noted that the N258 frequency band mainly includes 24GHz-28GHz, such as Fig.13a As shown, changing L t When the value is L, the transmission unit 2 will produce different but close phase shift values ​​for electromagnetic waves at 24 GHz, 25 GHz, 26 GHz, 27 GHz and 28 GHz, and the phase shift value of each frequency point increases with L. t The change trend of the value is similar, and the antenna needs to be applicable to the entire N258 frequency band, so the phase shift value corresponding to the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency of 26GHz is compared with L t The relationship between the values ​​is applied to the entire N258 frequency band. For 26GHz electromagnetic waves to pass The phase shift value produced when the transmission unit 2 is 4.6mm.

[0052] Please combine Fig.13a , by adjusting L t The transmission unit 2 can produce a phase shift of nearly 340° for the electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band, which can meet most beam adjustment requirements.

[0053] Similarly, in this embodiment, the phase shift value of the electromagnetic wave of the N258 frequency band by the reflection unit 3 is , the phase shift value and L in the first reflective layer r The values ​​have the following relationship: (2) , mm, .

[0054] It should be noted that the N258 frequency band mainly includes 24GHz-28GHz, such as Fig.13b As shown, changing L r When the L value is set, the reflection unit 3 will produce different but close phase shift values ​​for electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of 24 GHz, 25 GHz, 26 GHz, 27 GHz and 28 GHz, and the phase shift value at each frequency point varies with L. r The change trend of the value is similar, and the antenna needs to be applicable to the entire N258 frequency band, so the phase shift value corresponding to the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency of 26GHz is compared with L r The relationship between the values ​​is applied to the entire N258 frequency band. For 26GHz electromagnetic waves to pass The phase shift value produced when the reflection unit 3 is 4.6mm.

[0055] Please combine Fig.13b By adjusting the Lr value, the reflection unit 3 can produce a phase shift of nearly 360° for the electromagnetic waves in the N258 frequency band, which can meet the needs of most beam adjustments.

[0056] When designing the parameters of the structures in each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3, the distance between the feed source 1 and the transmission reflection array is known, and the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave reaching the transmission reflection array is also known. If a reflection beam and a transmission beam of a specific shape are to be obtained, each reflection unit 3 and transmission unit 2 needs to generate a specific phase shift value for the electromagnetic wave at its location.

[0057] In one embodiment, taking the external transmission and reflection of a single beam of electromagnetic waves as an example, the phase shift values ​​of each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 are The angle with the radiated single beam electromagnetic wave The following relationship exists: (3) In the formula, is the actual radiation phase of feed source 1 on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each radiation unit on the dielectric substrate, represents the elevation angle of the beam radiated by the array, Represents the azimuth angle of the beam radiated by the array.

[0058] Therefore, according to the pitch angle and azimuth angle of the electromagnetic wave beam of the required shape, the phase shift value required to be generated by each transmission unit 2 and the reflection unit 3 can be calculated using formula (3), and then the L in each transmission unit 2 can be calculated using formulas (1) and (2). t The value and L in each reflection unit 3 r value.

[0059] In another embodiment, taking the electromagnetic waves that transmit and reflect multiple beams externally as an example, the phase shift values ​​of each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 are The angle with the radiated multi-beam electromagnetic waves The following relationship exists: (4) (5) In the formula, i is the number of the beam. For example, when radiating dual-beam electromagnetic waves, i 1 and 2 respectively. j Is an imaginary unit. is the actual radiation phase of feed source 1 on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each radiation unit on the dielectric substrate 4, represents the elevation angle of each beam radiated by the array, Represents the azimuth angle of each beam radiated by the array.

[0060] Therefore, according to the pitch angle and azimuth angle of each beam in the multi-beam electromagnetic wave of the required shape, the phase shift value required by each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 to form the corresponding single beam can be calculated using formula (4), and then the phase shift value required by each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 for the corresponding multi-beam electromagnetic wave can be calculated by vector superposition using formula (5). Finally, formulas (1) and (2) can be used to calculate L in each transmission unit 2. tThe value and L in each reflection unit 3 r value.

[0061] Through the above method, a transmission-reflection array antenna of corresponding specifications can be designed according to the beam shape actually required. The antenna can show good amplitude and phase characteristics in the N258 frequency band, and has the characteristics of wide bandwidth, wide phase coverage, and good transmission and reflection amplitude.

[0062] Below, the antenna is further described by taking the example that the transmission unit 2 produces a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal transmitted by the feed source 1, and the transmission forms a single-beam electromagnetic wave with a deflection of +20°, and taking the example that the reflection unit 3 produces a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal transmitted by the feed source 1, and the reflection forms a dual-beam electromagnetic wave with a deflection of ±30°.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, a total of 15×15 transmission units 2 are provided, a total of 14×14 reflection units 3 are provided, the outer dimensions of each radiation unit are 5.8×5.8×1 mm, the substrate is a Rogers 5880 board with a thickness of 1 mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2. The length and width of the transmission reflection array are 90×90 mm, and the focal diameter ratio F / D=0.7 is selected.

[0064] In this embodiment, the widths of the first metal sheet 51 and the second metal sheet 52 in the transmission layer are the same, both of which are 0.037 mm. The distance between the first metal sheet 51 and the second metal sheet 52 is 0.016 The widths of the third metal sheet 53 and the fourth metal sheet 54 in the reflective layer are the same, both of which are 0.037 , the distance between the third metal sheet 53 and the fourth metal sheet 54 is 0.016 The length of the fifth metal sheet 55 is 0.399 , width is 0.191 , the chamfered area is 0.052 in width An isosceles right triangle. is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with center frequency in the N258 frequency band.

[0065] After calculation with the above formula, the phase shift values ​​required by each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 can be obtained. For details, see Figure 9a and Figure 9b , and then the specific parameters of the corresponding structures of each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 can be calculated.

[0066] In order to conveniently and quickly radiate the above-mentioned first polarization signal and second polarization signal to the transmissive reflective array, the feed source 1 in this embodiment is configured as a structural form in which a main radiation patch 13 and two orthogonally arranged SIW feeding structures cooperate. In actual use, there is no need to mechanically rotate the feed source 1 to switch between outputting the first polarization signal and outputting the second polarization signal.

[0067] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7a and Figure 7b The feed source 1 includes a main radiation patch 13 and a first SIW feeding structure 11 and a second SIW feeding structure 12 connected thereto and arranged orthogonally.

[0068] A first port is provided at one end of the first SIW feeding structure 11 to access the first polarized signal, and the other end is connected to the main radiation patch 13 through a cross gap to transmit the first polarized signal to the main radiation patch 13, which is then radiated by the main radiation patch 13 to the transmission reflection array. After the signal is phase compensated by each transmission unit 2, a single-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by +20° is formed.

[0069] One end of the second SIW feeding structure 12 is provided with a second port to access the second polarized signal, and the other end is connected to the main radiation patch 13 through a cross gap to transmit the second polarized signal to the main radiation patch 13, which is then radiated to the transmission reflection array by the main radiation patch 13. After the signal is phase compensated by each reflection unit 3, a double-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by ±30° is formed. The single-beam electromagnetic wave formed by transmission and the double-beam electromagnetic wave formed by reflection are in opposite directions, so that the antenna can realize bidirectional signal transmission without mechanical rotation, only by switching the feeding port.

[0070] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the main radiation patch 13 includes two pairs of symmetrical split dipole structures, four notched rings 14 are arranged around them, and a U-shaped patch is also arranged in the middle of the notched ring 14. By cooperating with two orthogonal SIW feeding structures, orthogonal dual polarization is achieved. The notched ring 14 and the U-shaped patch are both parasitic patches, and the two can be regarded as parasitic ring structures. The current for each polarization can be regarded as a current in the main polarization direction of the driving dipole, and the energy is coupled to the parasitic ring, while in the direction of cross-polarization, the currents will cancel each other, thereby achieving a good cross-polarization effect. By adding a notched ring 14 around the split dipole, the direction of the current is changed, and a stable gain and radiation pattern are achieved within the entire bandwidth.

[0071] like Fig.10 , Figures 11a to 11dAs shown in the figure, the bandwidth of the feed source 1 covers 23.8-30.5GHz (<-10dB), and the gain is 8±1.5dBi. A stable radiation pattern can be achieved in the entire bandwidth, the 3dB beamwidth of the E plane is 67°, the 3dB beamwidth of the H plane is 75°, and the cross-polarization level is <-22dB, which can meet the index requirements of the transmission array and reflection array feed source 1.

[0072] like Fig.14 As shown, the gain performance diagram of the transmissive reflective array antenna in this embodiment in the N258 frequency band, when fed through different ports, to achieve the transmission single beam effect and the reflection dual beam effect. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum gain of the single beam can reach 22.3dBi, and the 1dB gain bandwidth is 7% (24.7-26.5GHz). The maximum dual beam gain can reach 20.55dBi, and the 1dB gain bandwidth is 9.5% (25.0-27.5GHz). It shows that the antenna has good gain in both directions.

[0073] like Figures 15a to 15c As shown, the radiation patterns at different frequencies of the transmissive reflective array antenna in this embodiment at the N258 frequency band are shown when the first polarization signal is fed into the first SIW feeding structure 11 and a +20° single beam effect of transmissive deflection is achieved. It can be seen from the figure that the single beam deflection effect is stable within the target frequency band, and the sidelobe suppression is <-12.5dB.

[0074] like Figures 16a to 16c As shown, the radiation patterns at different frequencies of the transflective array antenna in this embodiment at the N258 frequency band are shown when the first polarization signal is fed into the first SIW feeding structure 11 and a single beam effect of a transmission deflection of +20° is achieved. It can be seen from the figure that the symmetrical dual-beam effect is stable within the target frequency band, and the sidelobe suppression is <-12.2dB.

[0075] In other embodiments, the number of transmission units 2 and reflection units 3 in the transmission-reflection array may be changed according to actual needs, that is, the values ​​of M, N, m, and n may be changed. When the required beam shape and focal ratio are known, the specific parameters of the structures in each transmission unit 2 and reflection unit 3 may also be calculated according to the above formula.

[0076] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A transflective array antenna, characterized in that: It includes a feed source and a transmissive reflective array, wherein the transmissive reflective array includes a dielectric substrate and M×N periodically arranged transmissive units and m×n periodically arranged reflective units thereon, wherein the reflective units and the transmissive units are alternately arranged; The transmission unit includes a transmission layer arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate and two metal through holes connecting the two transmission layers. The transmission layer includes a first metal sheet and second metal sheets on both sides thereof. Both ends of the metal through hole are connected to the first metal sheet. The length of the first metal sheet is L. t , the length of the second metal sheet is 0.72L t , the distance between the metal through holes is 0.2L t , adjust the L t The value can cause the transmission unit to generate a preset phase shift value for the transmitted electromagnetic wave; The reflection unit includes a first reflection layer and a second reflection layer respectively arranged on both sides of the dielectric substrate, the first reflection layer is arranged on a side of the dielectric substrate close to the feed source, the first reflection layer includes a third metal sheet and fourth metal sheets on both sides thereof, the second reflection layer is a fifth metal sheet, and the length of the third metal sheet is L r , the length of the fourth metal sheet is 0.72L r , adjust the L r The value can cause the reflecting unit to generate a preset phase shift value for the reflected electromagnetic wave; When the feed source radiates a first polarization signal toward the dielectric substrate side, the transmission unit generates a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape; when the feed source radiates a second polarization signal orthogonal to the first polarization signal toward the dielectric substrate side, the reflection unit generates a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal to form a radiation beam of a preset shape.

2. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase shift value of each transmission unit for the electromagnetic wave in the N258 frequency band is , ， In the formula , mm, .

3. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The phase shift value of each of the reflection units to the electromagnetic wave in the N258 frequency band is , , , mm, 。 4. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Phase shift values ​​of each of the transmission units and reflection units The angle with the radiated single beam electromagnetic wave The relationship is: , In the formula, is the actual radiation phase of the feed source on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each transmission unit on the dielectric substrate, represents the beam elevation angle, Indicates the azimuth of the beam.

5. The transflective array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission unit generates a preset phase deflection on the first polarization signal, and transmits a single-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by +20°.

6. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Phase shift values ​​of each of the transmission units and reflection units The angle with the radiated multi-beam electromagnetic waves The relationship is: ， In the formula, i is the beam number, is the actual radiation phase of the feed source on the array, take As the compensation phase, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave with the center frequency in the N258 frequency band, x and y are the index coordinates of each radiation unit on the dielectric substrate, represents the elevation angle of each beam, Indicates the azimuth of each beam.

7. The transflective array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reflection unit generates a preset phase deflection on the second polarization signal, and reflects to form a dual-beam electromagnetic wave deflected by ±30°.

8. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The fifth metal sheet is a rectangular structure, and predetermined portions are cut off from four corners.

9. The transflective array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The feed source includes a main radiation patch and a first SIW feeding structure and a second SIW feeding structure connected thereto and orthogonally arranged, wherein the first SIW feeding structure is used to transmit a first polarization signal to the main radiation patch, and the second SIW feeding structure is used to transmit a second polarization signal to the main radiation patch.

10. The transflective array antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The main radiation patch includes two pairs of symmetrical split dipole structures, and four gap rings are arranged around the main radiation patch.

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