Coverage merging method for co-construction and sharing sites

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for coverage merging of co-construction and sharing sites, relates to the technical field of communication, and aims to solve the problem that the quality of a co-construction and sharing network is affected due to improper selection of coverage merging sites in the prior art. Comprising the following steps: S1, inputting station information of both co-construction and sharing parties, and selecting paired base station stations of both parties according to a station distance; s2, carrying out PRB utilization rate time sequence analysis and prediction according to the selected base station site; s3, screening is carried out according to the PRB utilization rate threshold, and paired base station sites meeting requirements are obtained; and S4, performing wireless site construction evaluation by adopting an AHP, and finally determining a coverage merging base station site. According to the co-construction and sharing site coverage merging method provided by the invention, through co-construction and sharing site coverage merging, network coverage and service quality can be effectively improved, and construction and operation costs are reduced at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method for merging co-built and shared site coverage. Background Art

[0002] With the development of mobile communication technology, operators are faced with the problems of high network infrastructure construction costs and waste of resources. In order to improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce network construction and operation costs, operators have begun to explore a model of co-construction and sharing. This model can not only reduce duplication of construction, but also improve network coverage and service quality, achieving win-win cooperation.

[0003] Co-construction and sharing can help reduce the number of base station construction, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and conform to the development trend of green and low-carbon. In the process of co-construction and sharing, operators and equipment manufacturers have jointly promoted technological innovation. Among them, the coverage merger of co-construction and sharing sites is a new technical practice to reduce costs, increase efficiency and revitalize assets. Operators can reorganize existing resources in areas with conditions, consider sharing and integrating sites, and reduce operating expenses. After the integration of co-construction and sharing, only one set of equipment is needed, and the extra set of equipment can be moved to other places to fill blind spots or expand coverage. However, since the practice of this technology, due to the large differences in implementation conditions in various places, it is difficult to unify the methods and standards for integrating sites. Therefore, inappropriate selection of coverage merger sites often affects the network quality of co-construction and sharing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention solves the problem in the prior art that inappropriate selection of coverage merging sites affects the quality of a co-built and shared network, and proposes a method for co-built and shared site coverage merging. By co-built and shared site coverage merging, network coverage and service quality can be effectively improved while reducing construction and operation costs.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage, comprising the following steps: S1: Input the site information of both parties in the co-construction and sharing process, and select the paired base station sites of both parties according to the distance between the sites; S2, performing PRB utilization time series analysis and prediction based on the selected base station sites; S3, screening according to the PRB utilization rate threshold to obtain paired base station sites that meet the requirements; S4, AHP is used to evaluate the construction of wireless sites, and finally the coverage and merged base station sites are determined.

[0006] In this technical solution, firstly, the site information of both parties is input, and the station distance between the two sites is accurately calculated through the corresponding calculation formula, and the station distance is used to screen the appropriate sites for both parties to cover and merge; then, time series analysis is introduced to realize the prediction of PRB utilization rate of digital presentation sites, and the sites for both parties to cover and merge that meet the requirements are screened by predicting whether the PRB utilization rate is within the threshold value range. Finally, the site construction evaluation of wireless sites based on AHP (hierarchical analysis method) is finally confirmed to cover and merge the sites of both network operators.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the inputting of the site information of both parties of co-construction and sharing includes: S11, determining the longitude and latitude of both sites and other location information; S12, determining the range of the spacing between base stations in different areas based on the actual conditions of each area.

[0008] In this technical solution, longitude and latitude are relatively important information, and the distance between base stations is calculated based on the longitude and latitude. If the actual conditions in different places are different, the range of the distance between base stations will also be different.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the selecting of paired base station sites of both parties according to the inter-station distance comprises: According to the range of the base station spacing and the screening formula, the paired sites of the upper operator that meet the requirements are determined. The base station spacing is specifically obtained by calculating the spherical distance between two base station sites, and the spherical distance is obtained by the great circle distance formula based on the longitude and latitude information.

[0010] In this technical solution, the great circle distance formula is the shortest distance between two points on a sphere, which can be calculated using the Haversine formula.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: in the step S2, the PRB utilization rate is predicted by using time series analysis, specifically using exponential smoothing method to predict, and weighted averaging of historical data to predict future trends.

[0012] In this technical solution, PRB utilization is an important indicator for measuring the performance of wireless communication networks. It reflects the ratio of the number of PRBs actually used to the number of available PRBs within a certain period of time. The level of PRB utilization is directly related to the network load and user experience. A reasonable PRB utilization can ensure full utilization of network resources and ensure that users get a good service experience.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: Step S3 comprises: S31, first determine the PRB utilization rate threshold standard under different situations; S32: Select a base station that meets the requirements according to the predicted PRB utilization rates of paired base station sites and a set PRB utilization rate threshold.

[0014] In this technical solution, through the above steps, relatively idle paired base stations are selected, and after the PRB utilization rate is lower than the corresponding threshold value, coverage merging is finally performed, one base station is retained, and the other base station is removed.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: the use of AHP to evaluate wireless site construction includes: S41, establish an indicator structure hierarchical model, with the top layer being the target layer, the middle layer being the criterion layer, and the bottom layer being the solution layer; perform hierarchical decomposition on the indicators involved in the criterion layer to obtain three-level indicators; S42, for each level of indicators, construct their pairwise comparison matrices respectively; calculate weights and perform consistency tests, and then evaluate and score them.

[0016] In this technical solution, according to the requirements of the hierarchical analysis method, the evaluation model is divided into three layers. The top layer is the target layer, that is, the evaluation of site construction; the middle layer is the criterion layer, which represents the factors that must be considered in the evaluation of site construction, including network conditions, customer perception, construction difficulty, and operation and maintenance costs; the bottom layer is the solution layer, which contains the candidate wireless site set. The indicators involved in the criterion layer are hierarchically decomposed into primary indicators, secondary indicators, and tertiary indicators.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: the evaluation and scoring process includes: For the candidate site set BTS = {BTS1, BTS2, ..., BTS n Each base station in} is scored; For subjective indicators without clear values, they are scored directly according to their severity; For objective indicators with clear values, they are classified into counter-trend and trend-following categories and scored.

[0018] In this technical solution, subjective indicators that do not have clear values, such as difficulty in purchasing or renting, relocation risks, and beautification requirements, are scored directly according to their severity.

[0019] The present invention is further configured as follows: the final determination of coverage merged base station sites comprises: S401, set BTS = {BTS1, BTS2,...,BTS n The score of each site in} is multiplied by the final weight of the three-level indicators to obtain the final comprehensive score of each base station; S402, sorting in descending order according to the final scoring scores, and selecting sites with high scores for construction.

[0020] The present invention is further configured as follows: the weight calculation and consistency check include: S411, for MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m Calculate the corresponding weights of all pairwise comparison matrices included; S412, for MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m A consistency check was performed on all pairwise comparison matrices with an internal dimension of more than 2; Among them, L represents the index level, N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix of L-level indicators, and m represents MX L-N The number of rows / columns of the matrix. ij The value of is taken between 1-9 and the reciprocal thereof according to the following scale.

[0021] In this technical solution, weight calculation is first performed on all pairwise comparison matrices, and then consistency check is performed on the pairwise comparison matrices that meet the corresponding requirements.

[0022] The present invention is further configured as follows: for a trend indicator, the larger the value, the higher the score; for a counter-trend indicator, the larger the value, the smaller the score.

[0023] In this technical solution, the larger the values ​​of favorable indicators such as station spacing and traffic density, the more necessary the construction is; the smaller the values ​​of unfavorable indicators such as coverage, voice quality MOS value and equipment investment, the more necessary the construction is.

[0024] The present invention can bring the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention relates to a method for merging the coverage of co-built and shared sites, which is applicable to scenarios ranging from cities to rural areas, from stock areas to low-traffic areas, and diversified situations with different traffic demands. By merging the coverage of co-built and shared sites, network coverage and service quality can be effectively improved, while reducing construction and operation costs; 2. The method of the present invention considers the relevant factors of the coverage merging of the co-built and shared sites as comprehensively as possible, including the conditions of coverage merging (such as the physical station spacing), the predicted capacity after coverage merging (such as the predicted PRB utilization rate of the site), and the site optimization after coverage merging (such as comprehensive consideration of all dimensional elements of the site), and obtains the final solution for site coverage merging; 3. The method of the present invention can appropriately adjust and optimize the condition thresholds of key factors of the model according to different scenarios, supplemented by detailed classification and calculation, to more accurately locate the actual conditions and network tolerance range of various places. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1It is a flow chart of a method for co-building and sharing site coverage merging of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a prediction schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of a method for co-building and sharing site coverage merging of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described herein is only an optimal embodiment of the present invention, which is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 This embodiment proposes a method for merging co-built and shared site coverage, referring to Figure 1 , which mainly includes the following steps.

[0029] Step S1, first input the site information of both parties of co-construction and sharing, and then select the paired base station sites of both parties according to the inter-station distance.

[0030] The process of inputting the site information of both parties of the co-construction and sharing mentioned above mainly includes the following two sub-steps.

[0031] Step S11, first determine the longitude and latitude of both sites and other important information. In this embodiment, the longitude and latitude are more important, and the distance between the base stations can be calculated based on the longitude and latitude information.

[0032] Step S12: Subsequently, each region determines the coverage radius of base stations in different regions according to actual conditions, where the coverage radius is the station spacing. In this embodiment, the station spacing of urban base stations is 0 to 100 meters, the station spacing of township base stations is 0 to 200 meters, and the station spacing of rural base stations is 0 to 300 meters.

[0033] Next, after completing the above-mentioned step S11 and step S12, a process of selecting paired base station sites of both parties according to the inter-station distance is performed, and the process mainly includes the following steps.

[0034] Through the coverage radius of the base station and the screening formula, the paired sites of both operators that meet the requirements are determined.

[0035] Among them, the most critical part of the above process is the base station coverage radius, that is, the calculation of the station spacing. To calculate the spherical distance between two base station sites, it is necessary to use longitude and latitude information and adopt the great circle distance formula to implement it.

[0036] For the longitude and latitude information, it is necessary to obtain the longitude and latitude of two stations, for example, they can be recorded as (lat1, lon1) and (lat2, lon2) respectively.

[0037] The great circle distance formula, which is the shortest distance between two points, can be calculated using the Haversine formula, which takes into account the curvature of the Earth.

[0038] More specifically, the calculation process of the above-mentioned station spacing mainly includes the following steps: (1) Convert longitude and latitude from degrees to radians; (2) Calculate the longitude and latitude difference between two points; (3) Use the Haversine formula to calculate the great circle distance between two points; (4) Convert the result from radians back to kilometers or the desired unit.

[0039] Among them, the basic form of the Haversine formula is as follows (in kilometers): d=R·C Where Δlat and Δlon are the latitude and longitude differences respectively (in radians), R is the mean radius of the Earth (about 6371 km), and d is the distance between the two points.

[0040] By using the above method, the spherical distance between two base station sites, that is, the inter-station distance between the two base stations, can be accurately calculated.

[0041] Step S2, perform PRB utilization time series analysis and prediction based on the selected base station sites. More specifically, PRB utilization is an important indicator for measuring the performance of a wireless communication network. It reflects the ratio of the number of PRBs actually used to the number of available PRBs within a certain period of time. The level of PRB utilization is directly related to the network load and user experience. A reasonable PRB utilization can not only ensure the full utilization of network resources, but also ensure that users get a good service experience.

[0042] More specifically, the base station sites selected in step S1 that meet the inter-station spacing requirement are subjected to PRB utilization time series analysis and prediction. In addition, the predicted PRB utilization, rather than the current PRB utilization, mainly considers the future network load of the base station.

[0043] In order to more accurately predict the PRB utilization, time series is used for analysis and prediction.

[0044] In many fields, we often need to process sequence data formed in chronological order. We call this type of data a time series. For example, network performance indicators, network element load, and resource utilization analysis are all common time series.

[0045] Common time series models are: Additive Model Y(t)=T(t)+S(t)+H(t)+R(t) Multiplication Model Y(t)=T(t)*S(t)*H(t)*R(t) The above T represents: the long-term trend refers to the gradual upward or downward movement of data over a period of time. For example, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by humans has increased year by year in recent years, and the trend of its time series is obviously upward.

[0046] H stands for seasonal variation, which means that the time series has fixed and periodic fluctuations due to certain seasonal factors. For example, on the eve of Christmas every December, many people will spend more to celebrate this holiday, and the sales of e-commerce platforms will increase that month. If you look closely at the time series of annual sales of many e-commerce platforms, you can often see obvious seasonality.

[0047] S stands for: Cyclic fluctuations refer to irregular fluctuations in time series, or fluctuations with less clear cycles. For example, the stock market often changes from a bullish trend to a bearish trend every few years, but we cannot accurately and clearly know how long the interval between the long and short trends will be.

[0048] R stands for: Random fluctuations are so-called unpredictable noises, which usually have no recognizable form.

[0049] In this embodiment, an exponential smoothing method is used for prediction, and the future trend is predicted by weighted averaging the historical data.

[0050] Step S3, screening is performed according to the PRB utilization threshold to obtain paired base station sites that meet the requirements; more specifically, base station screening is performed according to the set PRB utilization threshold to obtain a result that finally meets the requirements.

[0051] The above step S3 mainly includes the following two sub-steps.

[0052] Step S31, first determine the PRB utilization threshold standard under different circumstances; those skilled in the art should know that the thresholds are different between operators, and the conditions of each local network are also different, and should be determined according to the actual situation. Generally, the PRB utilization rate is relatively low in the early stage of network construction, and relatively high in the mature stage of the network. Due to the construction of 5G base stations, 4G site traffic is gradually migrated to 5G base stations. Therefore, the PRB utilization rate of 4G base stations is not high at present, generally within 30%.

[0053] In this embodiment, the PRB utilization rate threshold is 30%. If it is greater than or equal to 30%, the base station is considered to be busy, and if it is less than or equal to 30%, the base station is considered to be idle.

[0054] Step S32: selecting a base station that meets the requirements according to the predicted PRB utilization rates of paired base station sites and a set PRB utilization rate threshold.

[0055] According to the above steps, a pair of relatively idle base stations is selected, that is, a pair of base stations with predicted PRB utilization rates of less than 30%. The main consideration is that the two base stations with predicted PRB utilization rates of less than 30% will eventually be merged, one of the base stations will be retained, and the other will be dismantled and relocated. Then the retained base station carries the traffic of both base stations, and the PRB utilization rate will not exceed the load capacity of the base station.

[0056] Step S4: AHP is used to evaluate the construction of wireless sites, and finally the coverage merged base station sites are determined.

[0057] More specifically, the use of AHP to evaluate wireless site construction mainly includes the following two sub-steps.

[0058] Step S41, establish an indicator structure hierarchical model, the top layer is the target layer, the middle layer is the criterion layer, and the bottom layer is the solution layer; hierarchically decompose the indicators involved in the criterion layer to obtain three-level indicators.

[0059] The process of constructing the indicator structure hierarchical model specifically includes the following steps: According to the requirements of the hierarchical analysis method, the evaluation model is divided into three layers. The top layer is the target layer, which is the evaluation of site construction; the middle layer is the criterion layer, which represents the factors that must be considered in the evaluation of site construction, including network conditions, customer perception, construction difficulty, and operation and maintenance costs; the bottom layer is the solution layer, which contains the candidate wireless site set; Decompose the indicators involved in the criterion layer into hierarchical levels, including primary indicators, secondary indicators and tertiary indicators KPI L-N , where L represents the index level and N represents the corresponding upper index K N The indicators at each level are expressed as: First level indicator KPI1-1 ={Network status K 101 , Customer Perception K 102 、Construction difficulty K 103 , operation and maintenance cost K 104}; Secondary indicators KPI 2-101 = {cover K 201 , Capacity K 202 、Quality K 203} KPI 2-103 ={Investment cost K 204 、Construction difficulty K 205 , Environmental protection requirements K 206} Level 3 indicators KPI 3-201 = {Single station coverage area K 301 、Station spacing K 302 , coverage rate K 303} KPI 3-202 = {PRB utilization rate K 304 , Super Busy Community K 305 、Super idle community K 306 , traffic density K 307} KPI 3-203 = {Voice quality MOS value K 308 , data service rate K 309 , pilot contamination K 310}; KPI 3-102 = {Customer Complaints K 311 , access delay K 312 , switching delay K 313 , access success rate K 314 , Call drop rate K 315 , switching success rate K 316 , call establishment success rate K 317} KPI 3-204 = {Main equipment investment K 318 、Supporting investment K 319 、Other InvestmentsK 320} KPI 3-205 = {Difficulty in purchasing and renting K 321 , Relocation Risk K 322 , Special high risk K 323} KPI 3-206 ={beautification requirement K 324 , Radiation level K 325} The above factors will be adjusted according to the actual situation of both parties. 3-204 In the process of co-construction and sharing, we consider the investment cost, so we can also appropriately consider the annual operation and maintenance costs of both parties, such as rental fees, electricity fees, maintenance fees, and other costs. If the operation and maintenance costs of one party are higher, it will affect the selection of base station sites in the process of co-construction and sharing.

[0060] Step S42: for each level of indicators, construct a pairwise comparison matrix; calculate the weights and perform consistency check, and evaluate and score.

[0061] More specifically, for each level of indicators, a pairwise comparison matrix is ​​constructed. 1-1}、{MX 2-1 MX 2-2}、{MX 3-1 MX 3-2 MX 3-3 MX 3-4 MX 3-5 MX 3-6 MX 3-7 MX 3-8}. Pairwise comparison matrix MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m , where L represents the index level, N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix of L-level indicators, and m represents MX L-N The number of rows / columns of the matrix. ij The value of is taken between 1-9 and the reciprocal thereof according to the following scale.

[0062] 1)a ij =1, element i and element j have the same importance; 2)a ij =3, element i is slightly more important than element j; 3)a ij =5, element i is more important than element j; 4)a ij =7, element i is much more important than element j; 5)a ij =9, element i is extremely important than element j; 6)a ij =2m, m = 1, 2, 3, 4, the importance of elements i and j is between a ij =2m-1 and a ij =2m+1; 7)a ij =1 / m, m=1, 2, 3...9, if and only if a ji =m.

[0063] Calculating weights and performing consistency checks mainly include the following steps.

[0064] 1. For MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m Calculate the corresponding weights of all pairwise comparison matrices included; 1) MX L-N Add the matrices column by column to get B L-N＝ (b ij ) 1×m .in, 2) MX L-N The pairwise comparison matrix is ​​normalized to obtain C L-N =(c ij ) m×m Among them, c ij =a ij / b 1j ; 3) C L-N Add the matrices row by row to get D L-N =(d ij ) m×1 ,in, 4) For D L-N Sum all elements of the matrix to get the value 5) Finally, find MX L-N The weight matrix ω corresponding to the matrix L-N =(W i1 ) m×1 ,in,

[0065] 2. For MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m A consistency check was performed on all pairwise comparison matrices with an internal dimension of more than 2; 1) Calculate the matrix product E L-N =(e ij ) i×1 =MX L-N ×ω L-N ; 2) Calculation process matrix F L-N =(f ij ) i×1 , where f i1 =e i1 / (m×w i1 ); 3) Calculate the final consistency ratio in, 4) If CR L-N ≥0.1, indicating that the inconsistency of the matrix MXL-N is unacceptable, repeat the above step 2) until CR L-N <0.1; 5) On the basis of satisfying the consistency test, calculate the final weight of the third-level indicator. For any third-level indicator, if it has the host's second-level indicator and first-level indicator, the final weight W i1|3-N =W j1|2-N′ ×W k1|1-N″ Among them, N′ and N″ represent the third-level index K 3N Subordinate to the secondary indicator K 2N′ and the first-level index K 1N″ Otherwise, the secondary index weight of the corresponding host is reset to 1.

[0066] The evaluation and scoring steps include the following processes: For the candidate site set BTS = {BTS1, BTS2, ..., BTS n}, and score each base station in the system. In this embodiment, the score is scored based on a 5-point system, that is, 5 represents a very high degree, 4 represents a second high degree, 3 represents a slightly high degree, 2 represents a moderately high degree, 1 represents a moderately high degree, 0 represents a low degree, and a decimal represents a degree within a critical integer interval.

[0067] For subjective indicators without clear values, such as difficulty in purchasing or renting, relocation risks, and beautification requirements, scores are directly given according to their severity.

[0068] For objective indicators with clear values, they are scored according to the trend and the trend. For the trend indicators, such as station spacing and traffic density, the larger the value, the more necessary the construction is, and the higher the score; for the trend indicators, such as coverage, voice quality MOS value, and equipment investment, the larger the value, the smaller the score, and vice versa.

[0069] More specifically, the final determination of coverage merged base station sites includes the following processes.

[0070] Step S401: BTS = {BTS1, BTS2, ..., BTS n The score of each site in} is multiplied by the final weight of the three-level indicators to obtain the final comprehensive score of each base station; Step S402, sorting in descending order according to the final scoring scores, and selecting sites with high scores for construction.

[0071] The wireless site construction evaluation method based on the hierarchical analysis method uses a hierarchical model of construction-related indicators, comprehensively considers key factors such as network status, customer perception, construction difficulty and operation and maintenance costs, and makes priority decisions on wireless base stations with high comprehensive scores.

[0072] The wireless site construction evaluation method based on the hierarchical analysis method automatically solves the problem through weight calculation, consistency test, comprehensive scoring, etc. after inputting multi-level indicators and their pairwise comparison matrix. In particular, when the indicators only involve network conditions, the construction evaluation method will converge with the daily network optimization evaluation.

[0073] Example 2 Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method of a method for merging co-construction and sharing site coverage is proposed. Network operator A and network operator B propose a plan for merging co-construction and sharing base station coverage in a certain area. The known condition is that both network operators in the area have a number of base stations with overlapping site coverage areas. For base station sites with conditions, stock resources can be rectified, and sharing and integration of sites can be considered to reduce operating expenses. After the co-construction and sharing integration, only one set of equipment is needed, and the extra set of equipment can be migrated to other places to fill blind spots or expand coverage.

[0074] Step S1, input the site information of both parties to be jointly built and shared, and select the paired base station sites of both parties according to the inter-station distance; including the following sub-steps.

[0075] Step S11, determine the longitude and latitude of both sites and other location information; the longitude and latitude are more important, based on which the distance between base stations can be calculated.

[0076] The two operators each provided a batch of sites and grouped the sites with similar base station address names, such as base station A1 corresponding to base station B1, base station A2 corresponding to base station B2, ... base station A17 corresponding to base station B17, as shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1 Site longitude and latitude data of both operators

[0078] Step S12, according to the actual situation of each region, determine the range of the spacing between base stations in different regions. In this embodiment, there are base stations in urban areas, towns and villages. The spacing between base stations in urban areas is set to 0-100 meters, the spacing between base stations in towns is set to 0-200 meters, and the spacing between base stations in rural areas is set to 0-300 meters. In other words, the base stations within this range are identified as candidate base stations that can be replaced in terms of distance, that is, they can implement coverage merging.

[0079] The process of selecting the paired base station sites based on the distance between the two stations includes the following: According to the range of base station coverage radius (station spacing) and the screening formula, the paired sites of both operators that meet the requirements are confirmed. For the specific calculation method of station spacing, reference can be made to Example 1. Through this calculation method, the spherical distance between two sites is calculated. The specific site distance calculation is shown in Table 2: Table 2 Calculation results of specific station distances

[0080] After calculation, it can be found that there are two groups of base stations that meet the requirements of candidate base stations for coverage merging. Base stations A9 and B9 belong to the township area, the station spacing requirement is 0 to 200 meters, and the actual distance is 79 meters; base stations A17 and B17 belong to the urban area, the station spacing requirement is 0 to 100 meters, and the actual distance is 69 meters.

[0081] Step S2, performing time series analysis and prediction of PRB utilization according to the selected base station sites; using time series analysis and prediction, in this embodiment, an exponential smoothing method is used.

[0082] Exponential smoothing is a forecasting method in time series analysis. It uses weighted average of historical data, especially emphasizes the importance of recent data, to predict future trends. Exponential smoothing combines the advantages of full-period average and moving average. It does not discard past data, but only gives a gradually weakening impact. As the data moves away, the weight gradually converges to zero.

[0083] The basic formula of exponential smoothing is: S t =a·Y t-1 +(1-a)·S t-1 Among them, S t is the smoothed value at time t, Y t-1 is the actual value at time t-1, S t-1 is the smoothed value at time t-1, a is the smoothing constant, and its value range is [0, 1]. This formula shows that the exponential smoothing value of any period is the weighted average of the actual observation value of the current period and the exponential smoothing value of the previous period.

[0084] The key to the exponential smoothing method lies in the value of the smoothing constant a. The larger the value of a, the greater the impact of recent data on the forecast results; conversely, the smaller the value of a, the greater the impact of long-term data on the forecast results. By adjusting the value of a, it can adapt to different data fluctuations and forecasting needs.

[0085] Exponential smoothing methods include single exponential smoothing, double exponential smoothing, and triple exponential smoothing. Single exponential smoothing is suitable for time series without obvious trend changes; double and triple exponential smoothing are suitable for time series with linear or nonlinear trends. Which method to choose depends on the specific characteristics of the data and the forecasting requirements.

[0086] In this embodiment, the prediction function is considered to be made by combining the moving average method and the exponential smoothing method. Taking a base station A17 as an example, the busy-hour PRB utilization data starting from January 2022 is found, as shown in Table 3: Table 3 PRB utilization data during busy hours starting from January 2022

[0087] The moving average method and exponential smoothing method can be implemented through SPSS software or Excel. Taking Excel as an example, using the forecast worksheet, the forecast data is calculated using the forecast function (forecast.ets). This method is based on historical time data to predict data in any future time period. The basic principle is the moving average method and exponential smoothing method. Select the forecast worksheet in the area with data. The data source usually needs to include the timeline and data. Excel will automatically select the area containing time and data. The end date of the forecast is the time when you want the forecast to end. For example, in normal work, you need to predict the data for the whole month based on the data of the few days this month. The forecast end date can be selected to the end of the month. The output method of the graph can be selected as a line chart or a bar chart. Generally, you can complete a forecast by directly clicking Create.

[0088] Here, the X-axis represents time, the Y-axis represents busy-hour PRB utilization, and the confidence interval is set to 95%, with the start time being January 2022 and the predicted end time being September 2026. Figure 2 As shown, the prediction function Y = 0.0014X + 0.1095. According to the trend prediction, in September 2026, the PRB utilization rate during busy hours is 20%.

[0089] Table 4 Figure 2 Corresponding busy hour PRB utilization and prediction data

[0090] Step S3, screening is performed according to the PRB utilization rate threshold to obtain paired base station sites that meet the requirements; the implementation process of this step is the same as that of Example 1, and will not be repeated again.

[0091] In this embodiment, taking the predicted PRB utilization of base station A17 as an example, it is concluded that by September 2026, the predicted PRB utilization of A17 is 20%, and the predicted PRB utilization of B17 is 17%; the predicted PRB utilization of A9 is 31%, and the predicted PRB utilization of B9 is 35%. Because the predicted PRB utilization of base stations A9 and B9 exceeds 30%, if it is greater than or equal to 30%, the base station is considered to be busy and does not meet the conditions for merging the coverage of both base stations, and is deleted. Finally, in this embodiment, only base stations A17 and B17 meet the requirements and proceed to the next step.

[0092] Step S4: AHP is used to evaluate the construction of wireless sites, and finally the coverage merged base station sites are determined.

[0093] The use of AHP to evaluate wireless site construction includes the following processes.

[0094] This method is specifically described by taking two base stations A17 and B17 in an urban area as an example.

[0095] Step 1: Establish a hierarchical model based on three-level indicators.

[0096] Step 2: According to the value requirements of the contrast matrix, construct {MX 1-1}、{MX 2-1 MX 2-2}、{MX 3-1 MX 3-2 MX 3-3 MX 3-4 MX 3-5 MX 3-6 MX 3-7 MX 3-8}.

[0097] Step 3: Normalize the contrast matrix to get matrix C L-N :

[0098] Calculate the weight matrix ω L-N :

[0099] Calculate the consistency ratio CR L-N .

[0100] CR 1-1 =0.0579, CR2-1 =0.0158, CR 2-2 =0.0467, CR 3-1 =0.0334, CR 3-2 =0.0314, CR 3-3 =0.0750, CR 3-4 =0.0616, CR 3-5 =0.0032, CR 3-6 =0.0398, CR 3-8 =0.0681It should be noted that MX 3-7 The matrix dimension is 2, and no consistency test is performed here. All consistency ratios are less than 0.1, which means they have satisfactory consistency.

[0101] Then, according to the affiliation of the indicators, the final weights of all three-level indicators are calculated:

[0102] Among them, Tables 5-7 mentioned in the embodiments are as follows: Table 5: Indicators at all levels Table 6 Indicators of urban stations A17 and B17 Table 7 Weights of urban stations A17 and B17

[0103] Step 4: Score the indicator value on a 5-point scale, multiply the score by the final weight of the three-level indicator, and calculate the sum of all products, as shown in the table above.

[0104] Step 5: After considering multiple factors such as network quality in the base station construction area, differences in customer perception, construction difficulty, and later operation and maintenance costs, the final score of urban station A17 is 2.90139, and the final score of urban station B17 is 4.15345. Therefore, if you need to choose 1 out of 2 for site construction, it is recommended to choose urban station B17 for construction.

[0105] This method provides almost all indicators involved in base station construction, which can be fully included in the verification in actual application. However, for base station construction in special scenarios, such as new network construction and similar values ​​of some indicators in the base station construction area, some indicators can be deleted as appropriate to reduce the amount of calculation. The specific calculation process remains the same as above.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Input the site information of both parties in the co-construction and sharing process, and select the paired base station sites of both parties according to the distance between the sites; S2, performing PRB utilization time series analysis and prediction based on the selected base station sites; S3, screening according to the PRB utilization rate threshold to obtain paired base station sites that meet the requirements; S4, AHP is used to evaluate the construction of wireless sites, and finally the coverage and merged base station sites are determined.

2. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input of the site information of both parties of the co-construction and sharing includes: S11, determining the longitude and latitude of both sites and other location information; S12, determining the range of the spacing between base stations in different areas based on the actual conditions of each area.

3. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The selecting of paired base station sites of both parties according to the inter-station distance includes: According to the range of the base station spacing and the screening formula, the paired sites of the upper operator that meet the requirements are determined. The base station spacing is specifically obtained by calculating the spherical distance between two base station sites, and the spherical distance is obtained by the great circle distance formula based on the longitude and latitude information.

4. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S2, the PRB utilization rate is predicted by using time series analysis, specifically using exponential smoothing method to predict the future trend by weighted averaging historical data.

5. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises: S31, first determine the PRB utilization rate threshold standard under different situations; S32: Select a base station that meets the requirements according to the predicted PRB utilization rates of paired base station sites and a set PRB utilization rate threshold.

6. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The use of AHP to evaluate wireless site construction includes: S41, establish an indicator structure hierarchical model, with the top layer being the target layer, the middle layer being the criterion layer, and the bottom layer being the solution layer; perform hierarchical decomposition on the indicators involved in the criterion layer to obtain three-level indicators; S42, for each level of indicators, construct their pairwise comparison matrices respectively; calculate weights and perform consistency tests, and then evaluate and score them.

7. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The evaluation and scoring process includes: For the candidate site set BTS = {BTS1, BTS2, ..., BTS n Each base station in} is scored; For subjective indicators without clear values, they are scored directly according to their severity; For objective indicators with clear values, they are classified into counter-trend and trend-following categories and scored.

8. A method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The finally determining the coverage merged base station site includes: S401, set BTS = {BTS1, BTS2,...,BTS n The score of each site in} is multiplied by the final weight of the three-level indicators to obtain the final comprehensive score of each base station; S402, sorting in descending order according to the final scoring scores, and selecting sites with high scores for construction.

9. The method for merging coverage of co-built and shared sites according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weight calculation and consistency check include: S411, for MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m Calculate the corresponding weights of all pairwise comparison matrices included; S412, for MX L-N =(a ij ) m×m A consistency check was performed on all pairwise comparison matrices with an internal dimension of more than 2; Among them, L represents the index level, N represents the order of the pairwise comparison matrix of L-level indicators, and m represents MX L-N The number of rows / columns of the matrix; a ij The value of is taken from 1 to 9 and the reciprocal thereof according to the following scale.

10. The method for merging co-built and shared site coverage according to claim 7, characterized in that: For trend-following indicators, the larger the value, the higher the score; for counter-trend indicators, the larger the value, the smaller the score.

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