Litchi high-position multi-head branchlet grafting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-position multi-head branchlet grafting method for litchis, and belongs to the technical field of top grafting of litchis, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) retracting and trimming a fruiting mother branch in the current year, and grafting at the same time; (2) grafting by adopting a two-side branch cutting method, and aligning cambiums on two sides of the scion and the stock; 3) strengthening fertilizer and water management. Compared with a large branch grafting method and a low-position small branch grafting method, the high-position multi-head small branch grafting method for litchis has the advantages that firstly, the variety structure can be quickly adjusted, and good varieties with good economy can be grafted according to the market demand condition to preempt the precedent; the grafting survival rate is high, supplementary grafting manual work is omitted, and the crown breadth of the fruit tree can be quickly recovered; thirdly, fruits are harvested in the orchard every year, the next year of fruits are grafted after the fruits are harvested, and high yield is achieved in the third year; and 4, the economic benefit is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of litchi high-grafting and replacement, and more specifically to a litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main grafting methods for high-grafting and replacement are large branch grafting and low-position small branch grafting. Large branch grafting is trunk grafting. The branches around the tree are cut at a vertical height of 70-90 cm from the ground. The trunk is cut back and grafted simultaneously. The first and second-level branches in different directions are selected for grafting. Each tree is evenly distributed with 8-13 scions. The large branch grafting method has the advantages of strong growth and saving scions, but it has high requirements for water, fertilizer, and weather, poor wind resistance, and higher requirements for management and maintenance after survival, and the survival rate is low. Low-position small branch grafting is to re-prune the replacement tree, wait for the trunk to sprout the second batch of new shoots and mature, and then thin out the buds and determine the shoots. Grafting is performed when it reaches more than 0.8 cm. Each tree is grafted with 12~15 scions. This method has the advantages of simple operation, fast budding, and high survival rate, but it is slow to crown, and it takes 4-5 years to produce a high yield.

[0003] After searching, a relatively close prior art such as a Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN104221730B discloses a method for overcoming the incompatibility of litchi grafting, but the technical problem it solves and the grafting method it adopts are different from those of the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method to solve the technical problems of low survival rate, slow crown formation and slow high yield after litchi grafting.

[0005] In order to achieve the purposes of the present invention, the present invention provides a litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method, comprising: 1) Prune the fruiting mother branches of the current year and graft them at the same time; 2) Use the two-side branch cutting method to align the cambium layers on both sides of the scion and the rootstock; 3) Strengthen fertilizer and water management.

[0006] Preferably, each tree is grafted with 60 to 80 scions depending on the growth and crown width, so as to quickly adjust the variety structure and significantly increase the speed of variety replacement. Economically superior varieties can be replaced early to seize the opportunity.

[0007] Preferably, the vertical height of the grafting site is determined according to the condition of the tree, and can be up to 2.5 meters or above, which has better applicability, more mother branches to choose from, and can graft more scions.

[0008] Preferably, fertilizer and water management is carried out immediately after the litchi is harvested to promote the growth of new roots.

[0009] Preferably, a total of 60 to 80 scions are grafted in different orientations, 2 to 3 branches are retained in each orientation as water-drawing branches, and the other branches are removed.

[0010] Preferably, when the fruiting mother branch is pruned back, the diameter of the mother branch obtained by the pruned back branch is equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the scion.

[0011] Preferably, during grafting, the first side of the scion is cut to form a longitudinal incision deep to the cambium or slightly with xylem and a grafted skin, and the second side is a short-cut structure; the first side of the stock is cut to form a longitudinal incision deep to the cambium or xylem and a grafted skin, and the second side is a short-cut structure; the scion and the stock are inserted, the longitudinal incisions of the two are aligned and fitted, and the grafted skins and short-cut surfaces of the two are aligned and fitted to form an aligned and fitted structure with the cambium on both sides, and then tied. This can accelerate healing, improve survival rate, and accelerate growth.

[0012] Preferably, the litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method of the present invention specifically comprises: (1) Immediately after the lychees are harvested, dig a circular trench about 30 cm deep and 30 cm wide (e.g. 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 cm, etc.) inside the original tree crown drip line. Apply 20-50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-3 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree. After fertilization, cover the soil and irrigate to promote the growth of new roots.

[0013] (2) In mid-to-late July or early August, when the weather is fine, select three to six levels of strong branches with a diameter of 1-3 cm, prune them back and graft them at the same time. Graft 60 to 80 scions in different positions, retain 2 to 3 branches in each position as water-drawing branches, and remove the other branches at the base of the trunk.

[0014] (3) Specific operation methods of grafting: Cutting the scion: Cut a small section of 5-8 cm long from a bud with 1-2 full axillary buds as the scion. Use a grafting knife to smooth the cut above the bud. Cut a 2-3 cm long vertical cut from the lower end of the bud upward to the cambium or slightly woody part, forming a vertical cut and graft skin, and then cut the reverse side into a short cut surface with an angle of 30-45°. Cutting the rootstock: Prune the branches of the original tree's fruiting mother branches back, use a grafting knife to cut one side of the rootstock into a short cut surface with an angle of 30-45 degrees, and make a longitudinal cut from the cut on the other side of the cut, about 2-3 cm long, and the cut depth reaches the wood to obtain the longitudinal cut and graft skin; Scion insertion: Align the short cut surface of the scion with the grafted skin of the stock, align the longitudinal incision of the scion inward with the longitudinal incision of the stock, align the grafted skin of the scion with the short cut surface of the stock, and form a structure with the cambium on both sides aligned and fitted, which can accelerate healing, improve survival rate, and accelerate growth; Binding: Spread the grafting film about 2 cm below the cut of the rootstock (such as 1, 2, 3, 4 cm), cross-wrap it from bottom to top, seal the scion and the rootstock firmly to prevent air leakage, only wrap a single layer at the bud, and finally tie a knot at the top of the scion to fix the film.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The high-position multiple-branch grafting method of litchi of the present invention is different from the existing grafting technology in that: first, the fruiting mother branches of the current year are cut back and grafted at the same time, while the low-position branch grafting is to re-prune the trees for replacement, and then graft after the newly sprouted second batch of new shoots are mature; second, the method adopted is the two-side branch cutting method, while the large branch and low-position branch grafting adopts the bark picking and one-side branch cutting methods respectively; third, the number of grafted scions reaches 60-80, while the large branch and low-position branch grafting are The number of spikes is 8-15; fourth, the vertical height of the grafting point depends on the condition of the tree, and can be up to 2.5 meters, while the grafting of large branches and low branches generally does not exceed 1.3 meters; fifth, the survival rate is as high as 80%, even 90%, while the grafting of large branches is generally 40-50%, and the grafting of low branches is 60-70%; sixth, the grafting is done in the same year, the fruit is produced in the next year, and the crown is restored in the next year, while the grafting of large branches and low branches takes 3-4 years to produce fruit, and the crown needs 4-5 years to recover. Seventh, the management is simple, and the normal strengthening of fertilizer and water management is sufficient, and there is no need to carry out special management of the grafted plants and grafting positions like large branch grafting.

[0016] 2. At present, the grafting methods for high-level grafting and replacement of varieties mainly include large-branch grafting and low-level small-branch grafting. The fastest fruit harvest will be in the third year, and a high yield will take 4-5 years. The orchard has no income for at least two years, and the variety change is slow. The high-level multi-head small-branch grafting method of the present invention can quickly change varieties, and the orchard can achieve maximum profit. The main performances are as follows: First, the variety structure can be quickly adjusted. The price of agricultural products fluctuates greatly. According to the market demand, the economically good and excellent varieties can be replaced to seize the opportunity; second, the grafting survival rate is high, eliminating the need for re-grafting labor, and the fruit tree can quickly restore the crown width; third, the orchard has fruit harvest every year, and the fruit harvest in the current year is grafted and the fruit is produced the next year, and the third year reaches to achieve high yield; Fourth, the economic benefits have been greatly improved. Taking an experimental farm in Youma Town, Guiping City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example, at the end of July of the first year, technicians used the high-position multi-head small-branch grafting technology for the first time to graft ice litchi on the original variety of lilac. A total of 73 scion grafts were grafted on one tree, 62 survived, and the survival rate was 84.9%. They matured in November and became the fruiting mother branches for the following year; in the second year, the tree produced 26kg. The local price of ice litchi was 250 yuan / kg that year, and the output value was 6,500 yuan. After deducting the grafting cost of about 1,100 yuan and the maintenance cost of 200 yuan, the net income was 5,200 yuan. In the third year, the crown width of the tree reached the range before grafting, the yield reached 40 kg, and the output value of each plant reached 10,000 yuan, a historical high. After the fourth year, the price of ice litchi fell year by year. If other grafting techniques were used, at least 15,200 yuan would be lost in income.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A flow chart of the litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method of the present invention; Figure 2 A diagram of the cut rootstock and scion for the litchi high-position multiple branch grafting method of the present invention; Figure 3 A diagram of the mutually inserted rootstock and scion in the litchi high-position multiple branch grafting method of the present invention; Figure 4 A flow chart of a method for grafting low-positioned twigs; Figure 5 Diagram of rootstock and scion grafting for large branch grafting method; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the rootstock and scion grafting method for twig grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0021] Example 1 A litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method comprising: (1) Strengthen fertilization management: Immediately after the lychees are harvested, dig a 30 cm deep and wide circular ditch inside the original tree crown drip line. Apply 20 to 50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 1 to 3 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree. After fertilization, cover the soil and irrigate to promote the growth of new roots.

[0022] (2) In mid-to-late July or early August, when the weather is fine, select three to six level branched, strong branches with a diameter of 1-3 cm and graft them simultaneously. Graft a total of 60-80 scions in different directions, retaining 2-3 branches in each direction (east, south, west, and north) as water-drawing branches, and remove the other branches at the base of the trunk.

[0023] (3) Specific operation methods of grafting: Cut the scion, such as Figure 2As shown, a scion 10 is cut into small pieces with 1 to 2 full axillary buds and a length of 5 to 8 cm. The cut above the bud is smoothed with a grafting knife. A longitudinal cut 2 to 3 cm long is made upward from the lower end of the bud eye to the cambium or slightly woody part to obtain a scion longitudinal cut 102 and a scion graft skin 101. The reverse side is then cut into a scion short cut surface 103 at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees.

[0024] Cutting rootstock, such as Figure 2 As shown, the branches of the fruiting mother branches of the original tree body are cut back with pruning shears, and one side of the rootstock is cut into a short cut surface 203 of the rootstock at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees with a grafting knife. A longitudinal cut is made downward from the cut on the other side of the cut, with a length of about 2 to 3 cm, and the cut depth reaches the wood part, thereby obtaining a rootstock longitudinal cut 202 and a rootstock grafted skin 201.

[0025] Scion, such as Figure 3 As shown, the short cut surface 103 of the scion is aligned and fitted with the grafted skin 201 of the stock, the longitudinal incision 102 of the scion is aligned inward with the longitudinal incision 202 of the stock, and the grafted skin 101 of the scion is aligned and fitted with the short cut surface 203 of the stock, forming a structure in which the cambium on both sides of the stock and scion are aligned and fitted, so that the longitudinal incisions and short cut surfaces of the scion and the stock are all fitted and connected, which can accelerate healing, improve survival rate, and accelerate growth.

[0026] Binding: Spread the grafting film 2 cm below the cut of the rootstock and cross-wrap it from bottom to top to seal the scion and rootstock firmly to prevent air leakage. Only wrap a single layer at the bud eye, and finally tie a knot at the top of the scion to fix the film.

[0027] like Figure 1 The flowchart of the litchi high-position multi-branch grafting method of the present invention is shown. After cutting the rootstock and the scion, inserting the scion, tying and completing the grafting, the new shoots grow very well in one month, and the fruit can be harvested 11 months after the grafting.

[0028] like Figure 4 The figure shows a flow chart of the low-position twig grafting method. After the processes of cutting the cuttings, grafting the cuttings, tying and grafting are completed, it will take 6 months to see good new shoot growth, and the fruit will not be produced until the 3rd year after grafting.

[0029] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a large branch grafting method, which is a trunk grafting method. The trunks around the tree are cut at a vertical height of 70-90 cm from the ground as large branch grafting rootstocks 303, large branch grafting ports 302 are cut out, and then large branch grafting scions 301 are carried out.

[0030] like Figure 6The twig grafting method is shown, which performs heavy back pruning on the replacement tree, and after the trunk sprouts a second batch of new shoots and matures, bud thinning and shoot determination are performed, and grafting is performed when the shoots reach more than 0.8 cm. 12 to 15 twig grafting rootstocks 403 are selected for each tree, twig grafting interfaces 402 are cut out, and then twig grafting scions 401 are performed.

[0031] Effect Experiment At an experimental farm in Youma Town, Guiping City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, technicians used the high-position multi-head small-branch grafting technology for the first time at the end of July 2017 to graft ice litchi on the original variety of lilac. A total of 73 scion grafts were grafted on one tree, 62 of which survived, with a survival rate of 84.9%. In November 2017, it matured and became the fruiting mother branch of the following year. In 2018, the tree produced 26 kg. The local price of ice litchi that year was 250 yuan / kg, with an output value of 6,500 yuan. After deducting the grafting cost of about 1,100 yuan and the maintenance cost of 200 yuan, the net income was 5,200 yuan. In 2019, the crown width of the tree reached the range before the grafting, the yield reached 40kg, and the output value of each plant reached 10,000 yuan, a historical high. After 2020, the price of ice litchi has fallen year by year. If other grafting techniques are used, at least 15,200 yuan will be lost in income.

[0032] In an experimental orchard in Youma Town, Guiping City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in July 2020, technicians used the high-position multi-head small-branch grafting technology of the present invention to graft Xianjinfeng on the original variety of Heli. 20 trees were grafted, with an average of 71 scions per tree, a total of 1,420 scions, 1,173 survivals, and an average survival rate of 82.6%. On July 13, 2021, the 20 trees produced a total of 1,456 catties of litchi. The price of Xianjinfeng was 45 yuan per catty that year, with an average output value of 3,276 yuan per tree. After deducting the grafting cost of about 1,068 yuan and the maintenance cost of 200 yuan, the net income per tree was 2,008 yuan. The 20 trees covered an area of ​​1.2 acres, and a very considerable net profit of 40,160 yuan was harvested.

[0033] In an experimental orchard in Gangnan District, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in July 2021, technicians used the high-position multi-head small-twig grafting technology of the present invention to graft Lingfengnuo on the original variety of Heli. A total of 26 trees were grafted, with a total of 1,976 scions, an average of 76 scions per tree, 1,656 survivals, and an average survival rate of 83.8%. In July 2022, the 26 trees produced a total of 1,983 kilograms of lychees. The local price of Lingfengnuo was 19 yuan / kilogram that year, with an average output value of 1,449 yuan per tree. After deducting the grafting cost of about 910 yuan and the maintenance cost of 190 yuan, the net income per tree was 349 yuan. The 26 trees cover an area of ​​1.6 acres, and a net profit of 9,077 yuan can be harvested the following year after grafting. If other grafting techniques such as twig grafting are used, it will take until the third year of grafting to bear fruit.

[0034] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily realized.

Claims

1. A method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi, characterized in that: include: 1) Prune the fruiting mother branches of the current year and graft them at the same time; 2) Use the two-side branch cutting method to align the cambium layers on both sides of the scion and the rootstock; 3) Strengthen fertilizer and water management.

2. The method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of scion grafts per tree is 60-80.

3. The litchi high-position multiple branchlet grafting method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The maximum vertical height of the grafting point is 2.5 meters.

4. The method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Apply fertilizer and water immediately after harvesting litchi to promote the growth of new roots.

5. The method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A total of 60 to 80 scion grafts were grafted in different orientations. 2 to 3 branches were retained in each orientation as water-drawing branches, and the other branches were removed.

6. The method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi as claimed in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: During grafting, the first side of the scion is cut to form a longitudinal incision deep to the cambium or slightly with xylem and a grafted bark, and the second side is a short-cut structure; the first side of the rootstock is cut to form a longitudinal incision deep to the cambium or xylem and a grafted bark, and the second side is a short-cut structure; the scion and rootstock are grafted, the longitudinal incisions of the two are aligned and fit, the grafted barks and short-cut surfaces of the two are aligned and fit, forming a structure in which the cambium on both sides are aligned and fit, and then they are tied.

7. The method for grafting multiple high-position twigs of litchi as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically include: 1) Immediately after the lychees are harvested, dig a circular ditch inside the original tree crown drip line, apply 20-50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 1-3 kg of compound fertilizer to each tree, cover the soil and irrigate after fertilization to promote new roots; 2) In mid-to-late July or early August, when the weather is fine, select three to six levels of strong branches with a diameter of 1-3 cm, prune them back and graft them at the same time, graft 60-80 scions in different positions, keep 2-3 branches in each position as water-drawing branches, and remove the other branches at the base; 3) Specific operation methods of grafting: Cutting the scion: Cut a small section of 5-8 cm long from a bud with 1-2 full axillary buds as the scion. Use a grafting knife to smooth the cut above the bud. Cut a 2-3 cm long vertical cut from the lower end of the bud upward to the cambium or slightly woody part, forming a vertical cut and graft skin, and then cut the reverse side into a short cut surface with an angle of 30-45°. Cutting the rootstock: Prune the branches of the original tree's fruiting mother branches back, use a grafting knife to cut one side of the rootstock into a short cut surface with an angle of 30-45 degrees, and make a longitudinal cut from the cut on the other side of the cut, about 2-3 cm long, and the cut depth reaches the wood to obtain the longitudinal cut and graft skin; Scion insertion: Align the short cut surface of the scion with the graft skin of the stock, align the longitudinal cut of the scion inward with the longitudinal cut of the stock, align the graft skin of the scion with the short cut surface of the stock, and form a structure in which the cambium on both sides is aligned and fitted; Binding: Spread the grafting film under the cut of the rootstock and cross-wrap it from bottom to top to seal the scion and rootstock firmly to prevent air leakage. Only wrap a single layer at the bud eye, and finally tie a knot at the top of the scion to fix the film.

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