Hybrid sturgeon feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of sturgeon feeds, and the key point of the technical scheme is that methionine and lysine are supplemented in a feed in which soybean protein concentrate replaces fish meal, so that the influence of methionine and lysine on the growth performance, liver and intestinal health and muscle quality of hybrid sturgeons is improved. The soybean protein concentrate is used for replacing the fish meal, so that the dosage and production cost of the fish meal are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the methionine and the amino acid are added, so that the negative influence caused by replacing the fish meal with the soybean protein concentrate is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sturgeon feed, and more particularly to a hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global aquaculture industry, fish meal, as the main protein source of aquatic feed, has an increasing demand, leading to rising prices and increasing resource pressure. Therefore, finding a protein source that can replace fish meal has become one of the hot topics in aquatic feed research. Soy protein concentrate, as a high-quality plant protein, is widely used in aquatic animal feed because of its low cost and rich protein content. However, compared with fish meal, soy protein concentrate has certain deficiencies in amino acid composition, especially lacking key essential amino acids such as methionine, which may lead to decreased growth performance of fish, reduced feed utilization and the occurrence of health problems. In view of this, the inventors propose a hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.

[0004] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof, comprising 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% concentrated soybean protein, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, methionine greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5%, and lysine greater than 0 and less than or equal to 5%.

[0005] The present invention is further configured as follows: in terms of weight percentage, the methionine is 2.5%-5%.

[0006] The present invention is further configured as follows: by weight percentage, wherein the methionine is 5%.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: in terms of weight percentage, the lysine is greater than 0 and less than 2.5%.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: by weight percentage, wherein the lysine is 2.5%.

[0009] The invention is further configured to include: 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix, and 0.75%-1.25% bentonite.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing hybrid sturgeon feed, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Ultrafinely grind the solid raw materials, and then quantitatively mix them step by step from small to large according to the formula ratio to ensure uniformity;

[0012] S2. Place the mixed raw materials in step S1 into a blender and mix thoroughly;

[0013] S3. Add 6% soybean oil to the five groups of feeds and mix thoroughly, then add appropriate amount of water and knead evenly;

[0014] S4. The raw materials mixed in step S3 are passed through a feed puffing machine to prepare a sinking puffed feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and the remaining fish oil and 2% soybean oil are added by spraying;

[0015] S5. The feed should be air-dried in a cool place and stored for future use.

[0016] The present invention is further configured as follows: in step S1, the solid raw materials include fish meal, chicken meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, methionine, lysine, flour, dicalcium phosphate, glycine, alanine, premix and bentonite.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: in step S2, the mixing time is 5 minutes.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] Compared with commercial hybrid sturgeon feed on the market, the use of soy protein concentrate instead of fish meal has greatly reduced the amount of fish meal and production costs. At the same time, by adding methionine and amino acids, the negative effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate, such as decreased fish growth performance, reduced feed utilization and the occurrence of health problems, are avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the muscle tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon in the present invention (cross section, H&E staining (×100), DMF, muscle fiber density);

[0021] Figure 2 : is a diagram showing the effect of replacing fish meal with soybean concentrate protein and supplementing methionine on the intestinal tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon in the present invention (VH, and GC represent intestinal villus height, muscle layer thickness and goblet cells, respectively, H&E staining (×40; ×100));

[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing methionine on the expression of genes related to the intestinal physical barrier of hybrid sturgeon in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the expression of genes related to the intestinal physical barrier of hybrid sturgeon in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the growth performance indexes of hybrid sturgeon in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soybean protein and supplementing lysine on the growth and body indicators of hybrid sturgeon in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the intestinal digestive enzymes of hybrid sturgeon in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean concentrate protein and supplementing lysine on the hindgut tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 (VH, MT, and GC represent intestinal villus height, muscular thickness, and goblet cells, respectively, H&E staining (×40; ×100));

[0028] Fig. 9 The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean concentrate protein and supplementing lysine on the hindgut tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0029] Fig.10 This is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soybean protein and supplementing lysine on the serum biochemical indices of hybrid sturgeon in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.11 This is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the antioxidant index of hybrid sturgeon liver in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.12 Effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon meat in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0032] Fig.13 Effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon meat in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0033] Fig.14 This is a graph showing the effect of replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine on the muscle texture parameters of hybrid sturgeon in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Experimental feed preparation method:

[0036] In this experiment, fish meal, chicken meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were used as the main protein sources, and fish oil and soybean oil were used as fat sources. The feed was prepared according to the following method.

[0037] S1. Ultrafinely grind the solid raw materials, and then quantitatively mix them step by step from small to large according to the formula ratio to ensure uniformity;

[0038] Among them, solid raw materials include fish meal, chicken meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, methionine, lysine, flour, dicalcium phosphate, glycine, alanine, premix and bentonite.

[0039] S2. The mixed raw materials in step S1 were placed in a V-blender and mixed for 5 minutes;

[0040] S3. Add 6% soybean oil to the five groups of feeds and mix thoroughly, then add appropriate amount of water and knead evenly;

[0041] S4. The raw materials mixed in step S3 are passed through a feed puffing machine to prepare a sinking puffed feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and the remaining fish oil and 2% soybean oil are added by spraying;

[0042] S5. The feed should be air-dried in a cool place and stored for future use.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 2.5% methionine, 2.5% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 1% bentonite. It is recorded as M2.5 group.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 5% methionine, 2.5% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 0.75% bentonite. It is recorded as group M5.

[0047] Embodiment 3:

[0048] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 2.5% methionine, 2.5% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 1% bentonite. It is recorded as L2.5 group.

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 2.5% methionine, 5% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 0.75% bentonite. It is recorded as L5 group.

[0051] Comparative Example 1:

[0052] A hybrid sturgeon feed, comprising 39.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 0% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 0% fish oil, 8.3% soybean oil, 0% methionine, 0% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0% glycine, 0% alanine, 0.3% premix and 0.2% bentonite. It is recorded as FM group.

[0053] Comparative Example 2:

[0054] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 0% methionine, 2.5% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 1.25% bentonite. It is recorded as group M0.

[0055] Comparative Example 3:

[0056] A hybrid sturgeon feed is composed of 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% soybean protein concentrate, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 2.5% methionine, 0% lysine, 12.7% flour, 1.5% monocalcium phosphate, 0.25% glycine, 0.25% alanine, 0.3% premix and 1.25% bentonite. It is recorded as L0 group.

[0057] Experimental Example 1:

[0058] Hybrid sturgeons were fed with diets of FM, M0, M2.5 and M5 groups.

[0059] Detailed feed formula and feed amino acid composition are shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.

[0060] Table 1-1 Feed composition and nutritional level (%)

[0061]

[0062] Note: 1 Fish meal: Peruvian steam fish meal, crude protein 65.01%, crude fat 8.04%; 2 Chicken meal: imported chicken meal, crude protein 65.69%, crude fat 13.17%; 3 Soybean protein concentrate: crude protein 64.71%, crude fat 0.14%; 4 Fermented soybean meal: crude protein 49.32%, crude fat 1.50%; 5 Soybean meal: crude protein 45.50%, crude fat 1.50%; 6 Rapeseed meal: crude protein 37.00%, crude fat 1.00%; 7 Methionine: >98.5%; 8 Lysine: Lysine hydrochloride >98.5%; 9 Premix: The composition is consistent with that used in carnivorous fish in this laboratory before (aqua). The same as the following table.

[0063] Table 1-2 Amino acid composition of feed (%)

[0064]

[0065] Note: Cystine was not tested, * indicates essential amino acid.

[0066] 1.1 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on growth performance and body shape of hybrid sturgeon

[0067] As shown in Tables 1-3, compared with the FM group, the average weight and weight gain rate of hybrid sturgeon in groups M0 and M2.5 decreased significantly (P<0.05); the feed coefficient of group M0 increased significantly, and the protein efficiency decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with group M0, the average weight, weight gain rate, and protein efficiency of hybrid sturgeon in group M5 increased significantly, and the feed coefficient decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the liver-body ratio of hybrid sturgeon in groups M0 and M2.5 increased significantly; the viscera-body ratio of group M0 increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with group M0, the viscera-body ratio of hybrid sturgeon in groups M2.5 and M5 decreased significantly.

[0068] There were no significant differences in the survival rate and fatness of hybrid sturgeons among the groups (P>0.05).

[0069] Table 1-3 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on growth performance and body shape indexes of hybrid sturgeon

[0070]

[0071] 1.2 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on the nutritional composition of whole hybrid sturgeon

[0072] As shown in Tables 1-4, compared with the FM group, the crude protein content of the whole fish of hybrid sturgeon in the M0 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with the M0 group, the crude protein content of the whole fish in the M5 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the crude fat and ash content of the whole fish of hybrid sturgeon in each group (P>0.05).

[0073] Table 1-4 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the nutritional components of hybrid sturgeon (%)

[0074]

[0075] 1.3 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the amino acid composition of hybrid sturgeon

[0076] As shown in Tables 1-5, there was no significant difference in the amino acid composition of each group (P>0.05).

[0077] Table 1-5 Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the amino acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (%)

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] 1.4 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on serum biochemical parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0081] As shown in Table 1-6, compared with the FM group, the serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels of hybrid sturgeon in the M0 and M2.5 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05); the TG content and GOT and GPT activities in the M0 group were significantly increased (P<0.05).

[0082] Compared with group M0, the serum TG, TC, LDL-C levels and GOT, GPT activities of hybrid sturgeon in group M5 were significantly decreased (P<0.05); the HDL-C content was significantly increased (P<0.05).

[0083] Table 1-6 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on serum biochemical parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0084]

[0085] 1.5 Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on antioxidant indices in hybrid sturgeon liver

[0086] As shown in Table 1-7, compared with the FM group, the MDA content and CAT and SOD activities in the liver of hybrid sturgeon in the M0, M2.5 and M5 groups increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the MDA content and CAT and SOD activities in the liver of hybrid sturgeon in the M2.5 and M5 groups decreased significantly (P<0.05).

[0087] Table 1-7 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on antioxidant indexes in hybrid sturgeon liver

[0088]

[0089] 1.6 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on muscle texture of hybrid sturgeon

[0090] As shown in Table 1-8, compared with the FM group, the muscle hardness and chewiness of the hybrid sturgeon in the M0 group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the muscle hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of the hybrid sturgeon in the M5 group increased significantly (P<0.05).

[0091] Table 1-8 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on muscle texture parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0092]

[0093] 1.7 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on the muscle tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon

[0094] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with the FM group, the muscle fiber density of hybrid sturgeon in the M0 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the muscle fiber density of hybrid sturgeon in the M5 group was significantly increased (P<0.05).

[0095] 1.8 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on intestinal digestive enzymes in hybrid sturgeon

[0096] As shown in Table 1-9, compared with the FM group, the intestinal amylase activities of hybrid sturgeons in the M0, M2.5 and M5 groups increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the FM group, the intestinal lipase and trypsin activities of hybrid sturgeons in the M0 group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the intestinal lipase and trypsin activities of hybrid sturgeons in the M5 group increased significantly (P<0.05).

[0097] Table 1-9 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on intestinal digestive enzymes of hybrid sturgeon

[0098]

[0099] 1.9 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on the intestinal tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon

[0100] Depend on Figure 2 As shown in Table 1-10, compared with the FM group, the height of intestinal villi and the number of goblet cells in the hybrid sturgeon in the M0 group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the height of intestinal villi and the number of goblet cells in the hybrid sturgeon in the M2.5 and M5 groups increased significantly (P<0.05).

[0101] Table 1-10 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the intestinal tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon

[0102]

[0103] 1.10 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on the expression of genes related to the intestinal physical barrier of hybrid sturgeon

[0104] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the FM group, the expression levels of claudin1, claudin2, occludin, zo1, zo2 and zo3 genes in the intestine of hybrid sturgeon in the M0 group were significantly downregulated (P<0.05), and compared with the M0 group, the expression levels of claudin1, claudin2, occludin, zo1, zo2 and zo3 genes in the intestine of hybrid sturgeon in the M5 group were significantly upregulated (P<0.05).

[0105] 1.11 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing methionine on the expression of genes related to the intestinal immune barrier of hybrid sturgeon

[0106] Depend on Figure 4It can be seen that compared with the FM group, the expression of il8 gene in the intestine of hybrid sturgeon in group M0 was significantly upregulated, and the expression of tgfβ and c3 genes was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). Compared with the M0 group, the expression of il1β, il8 and tnfα genes in the intestine of hybrid sturgeon in group M5 was significantly downregulated, and the expression of tgfβ, lysozyme and c3 genes was significantly upregulated (P<0.05).

[0107] Experimental analysis summary:

[0108] After replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and balancing lysine, the growth performance of hybrid sturgeon decreased, and the activity of intestinal lipase and protease decreased; liver fat metabolism was disordered, and antioxidant stress occurred; at the same time, muscle cells shrank, and muscle hardness, viscosity, and chewiness decreased; with the supplementation of methionine, the growth performance of hybrid sturgeon recovered, and the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes increased; liver fat metabolism returned to normal, and oxidative stress decreased; at the same time, muscle cells gradually returned to normal morphology, and muscle hardness, viscosity, and chewiness gradually increased.

[0109] Experimental Example 2

[0110] Hybrid sturgeons were fed with FM, L0, L2.5 and L5 group diets.

[0111] Detailed feed formula and feed amino acid composition are shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2.

[0112] Table 1-1 Feed composition and nutritional level (%)

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Note: 1 Fish meal: Peruvian steam fish meal, crude protein 65.01%, crude fat 8.04%; 2 Chicken meal: imported chicken meal, crude protein 65.69%, crude fat 13.17%; 3 Soybean protein concentrate: crude protein 64.71%, crude fat 0.14%; 4 Fermented soybean meal: crude protein 49.32%, crude fat 1.50%; 5 Soybean meal: crude protein 45.50%, crude fat 1.50%; 6 Rapeseed meal: crude protein 37.00%, crude fat 1.00%; 7 Methionine: >98.5%; 8 Lysine: Lysine hydrochloride >98.5%; 9 Premix: The composition is consistent with that used in carnivorous fish in this laboratory before (aqua). The same as the following table.

[0116] Table 1-2 Amino acid composition of feed (%)

[0117]

[0118] Note: Cystine was not tested, * indicates essential amino acid.

[0119] 2.1 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on growth performance indicators of hybrid sturgeon

[0120] like Figure 5 As shown in the results, the growth performance of hybrid sturgeon decreased significantly after soy protein concentrate replaced fish meal and balanced methionine; with the balance of lysine, the growth performance gradually recovered, but the addition of excessive lysine would lead to a significant decrease in growth performance.

[0121] 2.2 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on growth and body parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0122] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the liver-to-body ratio and viscera-to-body ratio of hybrid sturgeon increased after soy protein concentrate replaced fish meal and balanced methionine; with the supplementation of lysine, the liver-to-body ratio and viscera-to-body ratio first increased and then decreased.

[0123] 2.3 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on the nutritional components and amino acid composition of whole hybrid sturgeon

[0124] As shown in Table 2-1, after soybean protein concentrate replaced fish meal and balanced methionine, the crude protein content of hybrid sturgeon decreased and the crude fat content increased. There was no significant change in the amino acid composition

[0125] Table 2-3 Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean protein concentrate and supplementing methionine on the amino acid composition of hybrid sturgeon (%)

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] 2.4 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on intestinal digestive enzymes in hybrid sturgeon

[0129] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, after soy concentrate protein replaced fish meal and balanced methionine, the amylase in the foregut and hindgut of hybrid sturgeon gradually increased; the lipase in the foregut and hindgut, and the protease in the foregut and hindgut decreased significantly. With the supplementation of lysine, the lipase in the foregut and hindgut, and the protease in the foregut and hindgut first increased and then decreased.

[0130] 2.5 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on the hindgut tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon

[0131] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown in the data, after fish meal was replaced by soy concentrate protein and methionine was balanced, the height of the hindgut villi of hybrid sturgeon decreased significantly and the number of goblet cells decreased. With the supplementation of lysine, the height of the hindgut villi, the thickness of the muscular layer and the number of goblet cells first increased and then decreased.

[0132] 2.6 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on serum biochemical parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0133] like Fig.10 As shown in the results, after replacing fish meal with soybean concentrate protein and balancing methionine, the serum TC, LDL-C and GOT levels of hybrid sturgeon increased significantly; compared with no lysine supplementation, after excessive lysine supplementation, the TG and LDL-C levels decreased significantly, and the serum GOT and GPT levels of hybrid sturgeon increased.

[0134] 2.7 Effects of replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and supplementing lysine on antioxidant parameters in hybrid sturgeon liver

[0135] like Fig.11 As shown in the results, the MDA content in the liver of hybrid sturgeon increased significantly after soy concentrate protein replaced fish meal and balanced methionine; compared with no lysine supplementation, the MDA, CAT and SOD contents in the liver increased significantly after excessive lysine supplementation.

[0136] 2.8 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on the muscle tissue structure of hybrid sturgeon

[0137] like Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, there was no significant change in the muscle cells of hybrid sturgeon after soy concentrate protein replaced fish meal and balanced methionine; when lysine was excessively supplemented, the muscle cells of hybrid sturgeon showed a wrinkled state.

[0138] 2.9 Effects of soy protein concentrate replacing fish meal and supplementing lysine on muscle texture parameters of hybrid sturgeon

[0139] like Fig.14 As shown, after soy concentrate protein replaced fish meal and balanced methionine, the elasticity and chewiness of the hybrid sturgeon muscle decreased, and the viscosity increased; when lysine was excessively supplemented, the elasticity and chewiness of the hybrid sturgeon muscle decreased.

[0140] Summary of experimental analysis on replacing fish meal with concentrated soy protein and supplementing lysine:

[0141] After replacing fish meal with soy protein concentrate and balancing methionine, the growth performance of hybrid sturgeon decreased, the activity of intestinal lipase and protease decreased; the liver fat metabolism was disordered, and antioxidant stress occurred; at the same time, muscle cells shrank, muscle elasticity and chewiness decreased, and viscosity increased.

[0142] With the supplementation of lysine, the growth, liver and intestine health, and muscle quality of hybrid sturgeon gradually recovered; however, excessive lysine supplementation will lead to decreased growth performance and reduced intestinal digestive enzyme activity, as well as gradual shrinkage of muscle cells and decreased muscle elasticity and chewiness.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid sturgeon feed, characterized in that: Calculated by weight percentage, it contains the following raw materials: 22.5% fish meal, 14% chicken meal, 14% concentrated soy protein, 6% fermented soybean meal, 9% soybean meal, 8% rapeseed meal, 2% fish oil, 8% soybean oil, 2.5% to 5% methionine, and lysine greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2.5%.

2. A hybrid sturgeon feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by weight percentage, the methionine is 5%.

3. A hybrid sturgeon feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by weight percentage, the lysine comprises 2.5%.

4. A hybrid sturgeon feed and a preparation method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes flour 12.7%, monocalcium phosphate 1.5%, glycine 0.25%, alanine 0.25%, premix 0.3%, and bentonite 0.75%-1.25%.

5. A method for preparing a hybrid sturgeon feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Ultrafinely grind the solid raw materials, and then quantitatively mix them step by step from small to large according to the formula ratio to ensure uniformity; S2. Place the mixed raw materials in step S1 into a blender and mix thoroughly; S3. Add 6% soybean oil to the five groups of feeds and mix thoroughly, then add appropriate amount of water and knead evenly; S4. The raw materials mixed in step S3 are passed through a feed puffing machine to prepare a sinking puffed feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and the remaining fish oil and 2% soybean oil are added by spraying; S5. The feed should be air-dried in a cool place and stored for future use.

6. A method for preparing hybrid sturgeon feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the solid raw materials include fish meal, chicken meal, soy protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, methionine, lysine, flour, monocalcium phosphate, glycine, alanine, premix and bentonite.

7. The method for preparing hybrid sturgeon feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the mixing time was 5 minutes.

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