Laminated solar cell module, photovoltaic module, power generation system and preparation method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a laminated solar cell module, a photovoltaic module, a power generation system and a preparation method. The laminated solar cell module comprises a transparent substrate and a plurality of sub-cells arranged on one side of the transparent substrate. The sub-cell comprises a first electrode, a cell structure and a second electrode which are sequentially arranged on one side of the transparent substrate, and the cell structure comprises a plurality of photoelectric conversion structures arranged in a stacked mode and a composite layer arranged between every two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures. In order to avoid short circuit between the composite layer and the connecting part, the first sub-cell is provided with a first groove at least penetrating through the composite layer, and the first groove is filled with a dielectric material part. The dielectric material part has dielectric insulation property, so that the composite layer and the connecting part can be physically isolated and electrically separated through the dielectric material part, the electrical insulation between the composite layer and the connecting part is realized, the short circuit between the composite layer and the connecting part is avoided, and the performance of the laminated solar cell module is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a laminated solar cell module, a photovoltaic module, a power generation system and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, stacked solar cell modules have attracted more and more attention due to their high spectral utilization and higher conversion efficiency than single-cell solar cells. Usually, in a stacked solar cell module, multiple sub-cells are included, each sub-electrode includes a top cell and a bottom cell, and a recombination layer (Recombination layer) needs to be set between the top cell and the bottom cell to realize the series connection of the top cell and the bottom cell. Among them, the commonly used recombination layer is a conductive material, and the thickness of the recombination layer is relatively thick, resulting in an increase in the lateral conductivity of the recombination layer. In addition, the multiple sub-cells are usually connected in series through a connecting portion, which makes it easy for the connecting portion to form contact with the recombination layer, thereby causing a short circuit phenomenon and reducing the performance of the stacked solar cell module. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a laminated solar cell module, a photovoltaic module, a power generation system and a preparation method, which are used to solve the short circuit problem between the connecting part and the composite layer and improve the performance of the laminated solar cell module.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a laminated solar cell assembly, which comprises: a transparent substrate and a plurality of sub-cells arranged on one side of the transparent substrate. The sub-cell comprises: a first electrode, a cell structure and a second electrode arranged in sequence on one side of the transparent substrate, the plurality of sub-cells comprises a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell, the first sub-cell is provided with a connection portion penetrating the cell structure, and the second electrode in the first sub-cell is connected to the first electrode in the second sub-cell through the connection portion, so that the plurality of sub-electrodes are connected in series. Furthermore, in order to realize a laminated structure, the cell structure comprises a plurality of stacked photoelectric conversion structures and a composite layer arranged between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures. In order to avoid a short circuit between the composite layer and the connection portion, a first groove penetrating at least the composite layer is also provided in the first sub-cell, and the orthographic projection of the first groove on the transparent substrate is arranged between the orthographic projection of the connection portion on the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the composite layer on the transparent substrate, and the first groove is filled with a dielectric material portion. Since the dielectric material portion has dielectric insulation properties, the composite layer and the connecting portion can be physically isolated and electrically separated by the dielectric material portion, thereby achieving electrical insulation between the composite layer and the connecting portion, avoiding a short circuit between the composite layer and the connecting portion, and thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell module.

[0005] In addition, the prior art solution uses an ultra-thin metal film as a composite layer to solve the above-mentioned short circuit problem, but the introduction of the metal film leads to the problem of optical loss, resulting in a significant decline in the performance of the laminated solar cell module. At the same time, the metal film as a composite layer will also have the problem of performance decline over time due to the diffusion of metal atoms or ions, thereby leading to the problem of reduced stability. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present application, by providing a first groove and filling the first groove with a dielectric material portion, not only can the problem of short circuit between the composite layer and the connecting portion be avoided, but also the problem of optical loss can be reduced, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the laminated solar cell module. In addition, the solution in the present application can also avoid the problem of performance decline over time due to the introduction of the metal film.

[0006] In addition, since the dielectric material portion is provided, the composite layer and the connection portion are electrically insulated, so that the thickness of the composite layer does not need to be limited, and a laminated solar cell module can be formed with a preferred thickness of the composite layer, thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the multiple photoelectric conversion structures include: a first photoelectric conversion structure and a second photoelectric conversion structure, and the first photoelectric conversion structure is arranged between the second photoelectric conversion structure and the transparent substrate. In addition, the first photoelectric conversion structure includes: a first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer, and a second charge transport layer arranged in sequence in the direction from the transparent substrate to the sub-cell. The second photoelectric conversion structure includes: a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer, and a fourth charge transport layer arranged in sequence in the direction from the transparent substrate to the sub-cell. Among them, the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer can respectively generate electron-hole pairs after absorbing light to form photogenerated carriers, thereby generating photogenerated current.

[0008] The first groove in the present application runs through the first surface to the second surface, wherein there are various implementations of the first surface and the second surface, which are described below by way of example.

[0009] In some examples, the first surface is the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate. And, the second surface is the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first electrode facing the transparent substrate.

[0010] In some other examples, the first surface is the surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate. And, the second surface is the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first electrode facing the transparent substrate.

[0011] In some other examples, the first surface is the surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate. And, the second surface is the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first electrode facing the transparent substrate.

[0012] In some other examples, the first surface is the surface of the fourth charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate. And, the second surface is the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate. Alternatively, the second surface is the surface of the first electrode facing the transparent substrate.

[0013] In a specific implementation, the dielectric material part may be formed of a dielectric material. In addition, the dielectric material includes, for example, an insulating material, and the insulating material includes, for example, but is not limited to, Al2O3 and SiO2.

[0014] Alternatively, the dielectric material portion may also be formed using materials of other film layers. For example, when the first surface is the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate, when forming the third charge transport layer, the material of the third charge transport layer is used to fill the first groove, and the dielectric material portion is formed in the first groove, so that the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the third charge transport layer are an integrated structure.

[0015] For example, when the first surface is the surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate, when forming the second light absorption conversion layer, the material of the second light absorption conversion layer is used to fill the first groove, and a dielectric material portion is formed in the first groove, so that the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the second light absorption conversion layer are an integrated structure.

[0016] For example, when the first surface is the surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate, when forming the fourth charge transport layer, the material of the fourth charge transport layer is used to fill the first groove, and a dielectric material portion is formed in the first groove, so that the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the fourth charge transport layer are an integrated structure.

[0017] In some embodiments, in the first sub-cell, the first groove can have a gap between the orthographic projection of the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate, that is, there is a gap between the dielectric material portion and the connecting portion, instead of being directly in contact. In addition, the gap between the dielectric material portion and the connecting portion can also be filled with a composite layer or an insulating material, which is not limited here. Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the first groove on the transparent substrate can be adjacent to the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate, and then the dielectric material portion and the connecting portion are in direct contact.

[0018] In a specific implementation, the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer are set to have different bandgap widths, so that the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer can absorb light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of light.

[0019] Perovskite materials have good optical and electrical properties. The first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer in the embodiment of the present application respectively include perovskite materials. Thus, the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer are formed by using perovskite materials, so that the laminated solar cell module in the embodiment of the present application is formed into a full perovskite laminated solar cell module. In addition, the chemical formula of the perovskite material is ABX3, where A + Including CH3NH3 + (MA + ), NH2CH=NH2 + (FA + ), Cs + , Rb + etc., B. 2+ Including Pb 2+ Sn 2+ Wait, X - Including Cl - Br - ,I -Halogen ions such as MAPbI3 are one of the most classic perovskite materials. In practical applications, by adjusting the material composition in ABX3, the bandgap width of the perovskite material can be adjusted from 1.1eV to 2.5eV. In the present application, the first light absorption conversion layer can be formed of a perovskite material with a wider bandgap width (for example, 1.5eV to 2.0eV) to absorb short-wave light, and the second light absorption conversion layer can be formed of a perovskite material with a narrower bandgap width (for example, 1.1eV to 1.5eV) to absorb long-wave light. Alternatively, the second light absorption conversion layer can be formed of a perovskite material with a wider bandgap width (for example, 1.5eV to 2.0eV) to absorb short-wave light, and the first light absorption conversion layer can be formed of a perovskite material with a narrower bandgap width (for example, 1.1eV to 1.5eV) to absorb long-wave light. Of course, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer may also include other materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into other similar laminated solar cell assemblies. For example, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer may also include organic materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into an organic laminated solar cell assembly. Alternatively, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer may also include copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into a CIGS laminated solar cell assembly.

[0020] In addition, the first charge transport layer and the third charge transport layer transport the same electrical carriers, and the second charge transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer transport the same electrical carriers, but the first charge transport layer, the third charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer respectively transport different electrical carriers, so that the first charge transport layer, the third charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer, and the fourth charge transport layer play a role in separating and transporting different electrical carriers. In a specific implementation, the first charge transport layer and the third charge transport layer are set as electron transport layers, and the second charge transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer are set as hole transport layers. Alternatively, the first charge transport layer and the third charge transport layer are set as hole transport layers, and the second charge transport layer and the fourth charge transport layer are set as electron transport layers.

[0021] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes: a shell and a laminated solar cell assembly, wherein the laminated solar cell assembly is disposed in the shell. The laminated solar cell assembly can be protected by the shell to prevent the laminated solar cell assembly from being disturbed by the outside world, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the photovoltaic assembly. Furthermore, the laminated solar cell assembly is a laminated solar cell assembly such as that adopting the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect. Since the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application can avoid a short circuit between the composite layer and the connection part, thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell assembly, the photovoltaic assembly provided with the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application can also improve the performance.

[0022] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation system, which includes: a photovoltaic component, a DC converter and an inverter, wherein the photovoltaic component is connected to the inverter via a DC converter, and the DC converter is used to convert the DC power output by the photovoltaic component into voltage and output it to the inverter, and the inverter is used to convert the DC power output by the DC converter into AC power and output it. The AC power output by the inverter can be input into a load to supply power to the load. Alternatively, the AC power output by the inverter can also output the electric energy to the power grid through a grid-connected transformer, thereby realizing the grid connection of the power generation system. Since the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application can avoid short circuit between the composite layer and the connection part, thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell assembly, the power generation system provided with the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application can also improve the performance.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a laminated solar cell assembly, which mainly includes the following process: forming a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other on one side of a transparent substrate. Wherein, a plurality of battery structures spaced apart from each other are formed on the side of the plurality of first electrodes away from the transparent substrate, and the battery structure includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion structures stacked and a composite layer arranged between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures. Afterwards, a plurality of second electrodes spaced apart from each other are formed on the side of the plurality of battery structures away from the transparent substrate to form a plurality of sub-batteries. Wherein, the plurality of sub-batteries include a first sub-battery and a second sub-battery, the first sub-battery is provided with a connecting portion penetrating the battery structure, and the second electrode in the first sub-battery is connected to the first electrode in the second sub-battery through the connecting portion, the first sub-battery is also provided with a first groove penetrating at least the composite layer, the orthographic projection of the first groove on the transparent substrate is arranged between the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the composite layer on the transparent substrate, and the first groove is filled with a dielectric material portion.

[0024] In some embodiments, forming a plurality of battery structures spaced apart from each other, for example, mainly includes the following process: forming a first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a composite layer, a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer, and a fourth charge transport layer in sequence on the side of the plurality of first electrodes away from the transparent substrate, and forming at least a first groove penetrating the composite layer and filling a dielectric material portion in the first groove to form a stacked film layer. Afterwards, patterning the stacked film layer to form a plurality of second grooves penetrating the stacked film layer, and making the plurality of second grooves correspond to the plurality of first electrodes one by one, and exposing a portion of the corresponding first electrode through the plurality of second grooves, so that the second electrode is connected to the first electrode through the connecting portion filled in the second groove.

[0025] In some embodiments, for forming a stacked film layer, for example, the process mainly includes the following: forming a first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a composite layer, a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer and a fourth charge transport layer in sequence on the side of the plurality of first electrodes facing away from the transparent substrate. In addition, forming a first groove, the first groove runs from the first surface to the second surface; wherein the first surface is one of the following surfaces: the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate, and the surface of the fourth charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate. In addition, the second surface is one of the following surfaces: the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate, the surface of the first charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate, the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate, the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate, and the surface of the first electrode facing the transparent substrate.

[0026] In some examples, filling the dielectric material portion in the first trench mainly includes the following process: filling the first trench with a dielectric material to form the dielectric material portion.

[0027] In some other examples, filling the dielectric material portion in the first groove mainly includes the following process: when the first surface is the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate, when forming the third charge transport layer, the material of the third charge transport layer is used to fill the first groove to form the dielectric material portion.

[0028] In some other examples, filling the dielectric material portion in the first groove mainly includes the following process: when the first surface is the surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the material of the second light absorption conversion layer is used to fill the first groove to form the dielectric material portion.

[0029] In some other examples, filling the dielectric material portion in the first groove mainly includes the following process: when the first surface is the surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the first groove is filled with the material of the fourth charge transport layer to form the dielectric material portion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for preparing a laminated solar cell module in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figures 4a to 4i They are respectively structural schematic diagrams of a laminated solar cell assembly in a preparation process in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.10a and Fig.10b They are respectively structural schematic diagrams of another preparation process of the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.12 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.13a and Fig.13bThey are respectively structural schematic diagrams of another preparation process of the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.14 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.15a and Fig.15b They are respectively structural schematic diagrams of another preparation process of the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Fig.16 It is a schematic structural diagram of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Reference numerals:

[0048] 01-power generation system; 011-photovoltaic string; 012-DC converter; 013-inverter; 02-grid-connected transformer; 03-grid; 04-load; 1-photovoltaic module; 10-transparent substrate; 20-sub-cell; F1 / F2-direction; 20a-first sub-cell; 20b-second sub-cell; 31-first electrode; 32-second electrode; 40-cell structure; 41-photovoltaic conversion structure; 41a-first photovoltaic conversion structure; 41b-second Two photoelectric conversion structures; 411-first charge transport layer; 412-first light absorption conversion layer; 413-second charge transport layer; 421-third charge transport layer; 422-second light absorption conversion layer; 423-fourth charge transport layer; 43-composite layer; 51-connecting part; 61-dielectric material part; 70-stacked film layer; 31'-TCO film layer; 32'-metal film layer; AX1-first groove; AX2-second groove; AX3-third groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific operating methods in the method embodiments can also be applied to device embodiments or system embodiments. It should be noted that in the description of the present application, "multiple" can be understood as "at least two". In addition, it should be understood that in the description of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying order.

[0050] It should be noted that the same reference numerals in the drawings of this application represent the same or similar structures, and thus their repeated description will be omitted. The words expressing positions and directions described in this application are all explained using the drawings as examples, but they can be changed as needed, and the changes are included in the protection scope of this application. The drawings of this application are only used to illustrate the relative position relationship and do not represent the true proportion.

[0051] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application, the application scenario of the solution of the present application is first described below. As a renewable and clean energy, solar energy and photovoltaic power generation technology have been widely studied, and the photovoltaic power generation industry has developed rapidly in recent years. Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The power generation system 01 includes multiple components such as a photovoltaic string 011, a DC converter 012 and an inverter 013. Among them, the photovoltaic string 011 has one or more photovoltaic modules 1, and the multiple photovoltaic modules 1 are electrically connected in series or in parallel or in a combination of series and parallel. In addition, each photovoltaic module 1 can realize photoelectric conversion, thereby converting the energy of sunlight into electric energy in the form of DC. The DC converter 012 can receive the DC power output by the photovoltaic module, and output the received DC power after voltage conversion. The inverter 013 can receive the DC power output by the DC converter 012, and convert the DC power output by the DC converter 012 into AC power. Among them, the AC power output by the inverter 013 can be input into the load 04 to supply power to the load 04. Alternatively, the AC power output by the inverter 013 can also output electric energy to the power grid 03 (for example, the AC power grid) through the grid-connected transformer 02, thereby realizing the grid connection of the power generation system 01.

[0052] The photovoltaic module 1 is the core component of the photovoltaic power generation system 01, and its working stability is a key factor affecting the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system 01. In recent years, the laminated solar cell module has received more and more attention due to its high spectral utilization and higher conversion efficiency than a single solar cell. Based on this, a laminated solar cell module can be used to form a photovoltaic module. The laminated solar cell module provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below.

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laminated solar cell assembly in an embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 2The laminated solar cell assembly includes: a transparent substrate 10 and a plurality of sub-cells 20 disposed on one side of the transparent substrate 10. In a specific implementation, the sub-cells 20 can be configured as long strip sub-cells 20, and the sub-cells 20 are arranged along a first direction F1 and extend along a second direction, and the first direction F1 is perpendicular to the second direction. Alternatively, the sub-cells 20 can also be configured as sub-cells 20 of other shapes, which are not limited here.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to reduce energy loss, the plurality of sub-cells 20 are connected in series. Specifically, each sub-cell 20 includes: a first electrode 31, a battery structure 40 and a second electrode 32 sequentially arranged on one side of the transparent substrate 10, and the plurality of sub-cells 20 include a first sub-cell 20a and a second sub-cell 20b, and a connecting portion 51 is arranged in the first sub-cell 20a, and the connecting portion 51 can penetrate the battery structure 40, so that the second electrode 32 in the first sub-cell 20a is connected to the first electrode 31 in the second sub-cell 20b through the connecting portion 51, thereby realizing the series connection between the sub-cells 20. In addition, the connecting portion 51 and the second electrode 32 in the first sub-cell 20a can be an integral structure, that is, the connecting portion 51 is also formed when the second electrode 32 is formed. Exemplarily, the materials of the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are both set to transparent conductive materials, such as transparent conductive oxide (Transparent conductive oxide, TCO) (such as indium tin oxide (Indium tin oxide, ITO)), so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed as a double-sided solar cell assembly. Alternatively, the material of the first electrode 31 is set to a transparent conductive material, such as TCO (such as ITO), and the material of the second electrode 32 is set to a metal material, such as Au, Ag, Al, so that the laminated solar cell module in the embodiment of the present application is formed into a single-sided solar cell module.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to realize a stacked solar cell module, the cell structure 40 includes a plurality of stacked photoelectric conversion structures 41, and in order to enable electrical connection between adjacent photoelectric conversion structures 41, the cell structure 40 also includes a composite layer 43 disposed between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures 41. The material of the composite layer 43 needs to be compatible with the functions of transparency and conductivity, and based on this, the material of the composite layer 43 can be a transparent conductive material, such as TCO (such as ITO).

[0056] Continue to refer to Figure 2The above-mentioned multiple photoelectric conversion structures 41 include: a first photoelectric conversion structure 41a and a second photoelectric conversion structure 41b, and the first photoelectric conversion structure 41a is arranged between the second photoelectric conversion structure 41b and the transparent substrate 10. Among them, the first photoelectric conversion structure 41a includes: a first charge transport layer 411, a first light absorption conversion layer 412 and a second charge transport layer 413 arranged in sequence in the direction F3 (i.e., the direction indicated by the arrow F3) from the transparent substrate 10 to the sub-cell 20, and the first charge transport layer 411 is used to fill the gap between two adjacent first electrodes 31, so that the two adjacent first electrodes 31 are electrically insulated. The second photoelectric conversion structure 41b includes: a third charge transport layer 421, a second light absorption conversion layer 422 and a fourth charge transport layer 423 arranged in sequence in the direction F3 (i.e., the direction indicated by the arrow F3) from the transparent substrate 10 to the sub-cell 20. Among them, the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 can generate electron-hole pairs after absorbing light, forming photogenerated carriers, thereby generating photogenerated current.

[0057] In a specific implementation, the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 are set to have different bandgap widths, so that the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 can absorb light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the utilization rate of light. Of course, the first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer can also have the same bandgap width, which is not limited here.

[0058] Perovskite materials have good optical and electrical properties. The first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the embodiment of the present application respectively include perovskite materials. Thus, the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 are formed by using perovskite materials, so that the laminated solar cell module in the embodiment of the present application is formed into a full perovskite laminated solar cell module. In addition, the chemical formula of the perovskite material is ABX3, where A + Including CH3NH3 + (MA + ), NH2CH=NH2 + (FA + ), Cs + , Rb + etc., B. 2+ Including Pb 2+ Sn 2+ Wait, X - Including Cl - Br - ,I -Halogen ions such as MAPbI3 are one of the most classic perovskite materials. In practical applications, by adjusting the material composition in ABX3, the bandgap width of the perovskite material can be adjusted from 1.1eV to 2.5eV. In the present application, the first light absorption conversion layer 412 can be formed of a perovskite material with a wider bandgap width (for example, 1.5eV to 2.0eV) to absorb short-wave light, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 can be formed of a perovskite material with a narrower bandgap width (for example, 1.1eV to 1.5eV) to absorb long-wave light. Alternatively, the second light absorption conversion layer 422 can be formed of a perovskite material with a wider bandgap width (for example, 1.5eV to 2.0eV) to absorb short-wave light, and the first light absorption conversion layer 412 can be formed of a perovskite material with a narrower bandgap width (for example, 1.1eV to 1.5eV) to absorb long-wave light. Of course, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 may also include other materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into other similar laminated solar cell assemblies. For example, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 may also include organic materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into an organic laminated solar cell assembly. Alternatively, the materials of the first light absorption conversion layer 412 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 may also include copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials, so that the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application is formed into a CIGS laminated solar cell assembly.

[0059] Furthermore, the first charge transport layer 411 and the third charge transport layer 421 transport the same electrical carriers, and the second charge transport layer 413 and the fourth charge transport layer 423 transport the same electrical carriers, but the first charge transport layer 411, the third charge transport layer 421, the second charge transport layer 413, and the fourth charge transport layer 423 respectively transport different electrical carriers, so that the first charge transport layer 411, the third charge transport layer 421, the second charge transport layer 413, and the fourth charge transport layer 423 play the role of separating and transporting different electrical carriers. In a specific implementation, the first charge transport layer 411 and the third charge transport layer 421 are set as electron transport layers, and the second charge transport layer 413 and the fourth charge transport layer 423 are set as hole transport layers. Alternatively, the first charge transport layer 411 and the third charge transport layer 421 are set as hole transport layers, and the second charge transport layer 413 and the fourth charge transport layer 423 are set as electron transport layers.

[0060] It is understandable that the present application takes the battery structure 40 having two photoelectric conversion structures 41 as an example for explanation. In practical applications, the battery structure 40 can also have three, four or more photoelectric conversion structures 41, and a composite layer 43 is disposed between each two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures 41, which is not specifically limited here.

[0061] In order to avoid short circuit between the composite layer 43 and the connecting portion 51, refer to Figure 2 A first groove AX1 at least penetrating the composite layer 43 is further provided in the first sub-cell 20a, and the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 is provided between the orthographic projection of the connecting portion 51 on the transparent substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the composite layer 43 on the transparent substrate 10, and the first groove AX1 is filled with a dielectric material portion 61, and the dielectric material portion 61 has a dielectric insulation property, and the composite layer 43 and the connecting portion 51 can be physically isolated and electrically separated by the dielectric material portion 61, thereby realizing electrical insulation between the composite layer 43 and the connecting portion 51, avoiding a short circuit between the composite layer 43 and the connecting portion 51, and thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell module.

[0062] Furthermore, the prior art solution uses an ultra-thin metal film as the composite layer 43 to solve the above-mentioned short circuit problem, but the introduction of the metal film leads to the problem of optical loss, resulting in a significant decrease in the performance of the laminated solar cell module. At the same time, the metal film as the composite layer 43 will also have the problem of performance degradation over time due to the diffusion of metal atoms or ions, thereby leading to the problem of reduced stability. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present application, by providing the first groove AX1 and filling the dielectric material part 61 in the first groove AX1, not only can the problem of short circuit between the composite layer 43 and the connecting part 51 be avoided, but also the problem of optical loss can be reduced, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the laminated solar cell module. Furthermore, the solution in the present application can also avoid the problem of performance degradation over time due to the introduction of the metal film.

[0063] In addition, since the dielectric material portion 61 is provided, the composite layer 43 and the connecting portion 51 are electrically insulated, so that the thickness of the composite layer 43 does not need to be limited. The laminated solar cell module can be formed with a preferred thickness of the composite layer 43, thereby improving the performance of the laminated solar cell module.

[0064] In the specific implementation, continue to refer to Figure 2, the first groove AX1 can penetrate from the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, and the transparent substrate 10 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Alternatively, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10. Furthermore, if the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 can be used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. If the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 and / or the first electrode 31 are used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. The dielectric material portion 61 can be formed of a dielectric material. Furthermore, the dielectric material, for example, includes an insulating material, and the insulating material, for example, includes but is not limited to Al2O3 and SiO2.

[0065] Further, continue to refer to Figure 2 In the first subcell 20a, there is a gap between the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the connecting portion 51 on the transparent substrate 10, that is, there is a gap between the dielectric material portion 61 and the connecting portion 51, instead of being directly in contact. In addition, the gap between the dielectric material portion 61 and the connecting portion 51 can also be filled with a composite layer 43 or an insulating material, which is not limited here. Alternatively, the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 can be adjacent to the orthographic projection of the connecting portion 51 on the transparent substrate 10, and then the dielectric material portion 61 and the connecting portion 51 are in direct contact.

[0066] Figure 3 Flow chart of the method for preparing the laminated solar cell module in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 The method for preparing a laminated solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0067] S10, forming a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other on one side of the transparent substrate.

[0068] For example, refer to Figure 4a , a TCO film layer 31' is deposited on one side of the transparent substrate 10 using a TCO material. Figure 4bThe TCO film layer 31 ′ is patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of first electrodes 31 spaced apart from each other, and the first electrodes 31 are formed into long strip electrodes.

[0069] S20, forming a plurality of battery structures spaced apart from each other on the side of the plurality of first electrodes facing away from the transparent substrate, wherein the battery structure comprises a plurality of photoelectric conversion structures stacked in layers and a composite layer disposed between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures.

[0070] For example, refer to Figure 4c A first charge transport layer 411, a first light absorption conversion layer 412, and a second charge transport layer 413 are sequentially deposited on the side of the plurality of first electrodes 31 away from the transparent substrate 10. A composite layer 43 is deposited on the side of the second charge transport layer 413 away from the transparent substrate 10 using a TCO material.

[0071] Afterwards, refer to Figure 4d The composite layer 43, the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, and the second charge transport layer 413 are patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of first grooves AX1 spaced apart from each other, and the first grooves AX1 penetrate the composite layer 43, the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, and the second charge transport layer 413 in the F3 direction.

[0072] Afterwards, refer to Figure 4e The first groove AX1 is filled with a dielectric material and solidified to form a dielectric material portion 61, and the dielectric material portion 61 penetrates the composite layer 43, the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, and the second charge transport layer 413 in the F3 direction.

[0073] Afterwards, refer to Figure 4f A third charge transport layer 421 , a second light absorption conversion layer 422 , and a fourth charge transport layer 423 are sequentially deposited on the side of the composite layer 43 facing away from the transparent substrate 10 to form a stacked film layer 70 .

[0074] Afterwards, refer to Figure 4g The stacked film layer 70 is patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of second grooves AX2 penetrating the stacked film layer 70 in the F3 direction. The plurality of second grooves AX2 correspond to the plurality of first electrodes 31 one by one, and a portion of the corresponding first electrode 31 is exposed through the plurality of second grooves AX2.

[0075] S30 , forming a plurality of second electrodes 32 spaced apart from each other on the side of the plurality of battery structures 40 facing away from the transparent substrate 10 , so as to form a plurality of sub-batteries 20 connected in series.

[0076] For example, refer to Figure 4h , a metal film layer 32' is deposited on the side of the stacked film layer 70 away from the transparent substrate 10 using a metal material, and the second trench AX2 is filled with the metal material, and a connecting portion 51 is formed in the second trench AX2, so that the metal film layer is electrically connected to the first electrode 31 through the connecting portion 51. Figure 4i , the metal film layer 32' is patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of third grooves AX3 spaced apart from each other, and the plurality of third grooves AX3 penetrate the metal film layer 32' to form a plurality of second electrodes 32 spaced apart from each other, and the second electrodes 32 are formed into strip electrodes. Further, the stacked film layer 70 is patterned so that the plurality of third grooves AX3 penetrate the stacked film layer 70 in the F3 direction, exposing a partial area of ​​each first electrode 31, and forming a plurality of sub-cells 20 connected in series. Furthermore, an insulating material may be filled in the third groove AX3. Afterwards, an encapsulation film layer or an encapsulation cover plate may be formed on the side of the second electrode 32 away from the transparent substrate 10.

[0077] It is understandable that in the above preparation method, if the laser scribing process is used to prepare the first groove AX1 to the third groove AX3, only one set of laser scribing equipment and an insulating material slit glue injection machine need to be added to the preparation process, which is economical and affordable.

[0078] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Figure 5 The dielectric material portion 61 can also be formed by using the material of the third charge transport layer 421. Based on this, when forming the third charge transport layer 421, the material of the third charge transport layer 421 is used to fill the first trench AX1 to form the dielectric material portion 61, so that the dielectric material portion 61 and the third charge transport layer 421 are an integrated structure, which reduces the process preparation flow. Figure 5 The structure of the laminated solar cell module shown in FIG. 1 and the corresponding flow chart of the preparation method can be referred to in Figure 2 In step S20, it is not necessary to execute the above Figure 4eInstead, when the third charge transport layer 421 is deposited on the side of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to form the third charge transport layer 421, each first trench AX1 is filled with the material of the third charge transport layer 421, thereby forming a dielectric material portion 61 in the first trench AX1. It is understandable that the width of the first trench AX1 in the first direction F1 is usually not less than several microns, so the material of the third charge transport layer 421 can be used to form the dielectric material portion 61 to achieve insulation performance. The rest of the preparation process can refer to the description of the above-mentioned preparation method, and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Figure 6 , the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S31 of the first light absorption conversion layer 412 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S31 of the first light absorption conversion layer 412 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the first charge transport layer 411 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can be formed by dielectric material, and the dielectric material includes, for example, insulating material, and the insulating material includes, for example, but is not limited to Al2O3, SiO2. Alternatively, the dielectric material part 61 can also be formed by the material of the third charge transport layer 421, so that the dielectric material part 61 and the third charge transport layer 421 are an integrated structure. In addition, the preparation Figure 6 The preparation method of the structure of the stacked solar cell assembly shown can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0080] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Figure 7 , the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S41 of the second charge transport layer 413 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S31 of the second charge transport layer 413 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the first light absorption conversion layer 412 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. In addition, the preparation Figure 7 The preparation method of the structure of the stacked solar cell assembly shown can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0081] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Figure 8 , the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S01 of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S31 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the second charge transport layer 413 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. In addition, the preparation Figure 8 The preparation method of the structure of the stacked solar cell assembly shown can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0082] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig. 9 , the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 facing away from the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 facing away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the second charge transport layer 413 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can be formed of a dielectric material. In addition, the dielectric material, for example, includes an insulating material, and the insulating material, for example, includes but is not limited to Al2O3 and SiO2.

[0083] To prepare Fig. 9 As an example, the structure of the laminated solar cell module shown in FIG. 1 is used as an example, and the flowchart of the corresponding preparation method can be referred to Figure 2 , mainly including steps S10 to S30. Among them, step S20 includes: referring to Fig.10a , a first charge transport layer 411, a first light absorption conversion layer 412, a second charge transport layer 413, a composite layer 43, a third charge transport layer 421, and a second light absorption conversion layer 422 are sequentially deposited on the side of the plurality of first electrodes 31 away from the transparent substrate 10. Then, referring to Fig.10b, the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 are patterned by laser scribing or etching to form a plurality of first grooves AX1 spaced from each other, and the first grooves AX1 penetrate the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the F3 direction. Fig. 9 , the first trench AX1 is filled with dielectric material and solidified to form a dielectric material portion 61, and the dielectric material portion 61 penetrates the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the F3 direction. Fig. 9 , a fourth charge transport layer 423 is deposited on the side of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10 to form a stacked film layer 70. The rest of the preparation process can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be repeated here.

[0084] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig.11 , the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 facing away from the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 facing away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the second charge transport layer 413 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can also be formed by the material of the fourth charge transport layer 423, so that the dielectric material part 61 and the fourth charge transport layer 423 are an integrated structure. In addition, when preparing Fig.11 When the structure of the stacked solar cell module is shown, when the fourth charge transport layer 423 is deposited on the side of the composite layer 43 away from the transparent substrate 10, each first groove AX1 is filled with the material of the fourth charge transport layer 423, so as to form a dielectric material portion 61 in the first groove AX1. It can be understood that the width of the first groove AX1 in the first direction F1 is usually not less than several microns, so the material of the fourth charge transport layer 423 can be used to form the dielectric material portion 61 to achieve insulation performance. The rest of the preparation process can refer to the description of the above-mentioned preparation method, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig.12, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 toward the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S02 of the composite layer 43 toward the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the second charge transport layer 413 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can be formed by a dielectric material. In addition, the dielectric material, for example, includes an insulating material, and the insulating material, for example, includes but is not limited to Al2O3 and SiO2.

[0086] To prepare Fig.12 As an example, the structure of the laminated solar cell module shown in FIG. 1 is used as an example, and the flowchart of the corresponding preparation method can be referred to Figure 2 , mainly including steps S10 to S30. Among them, step S20 includes: referring to Fig.13a , a first charge transport layer 411, a first light absorption conversion layer 412, a second charge transport layer 413, a composite layer 43, a third charge transport layer 421, a second light absorption conversion layer 422, and a fourth charge transport layer 423 are sequentially deposited on the side of the plurality of first electrodes 31 away from the transparent substrate 10. Then, referring to Fig.13b , the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, the second light absorption conversion layer 422, and the fourth charge transport layer 423 are patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of first grooves AX1 spaced from each other, and the first grooves AX1 penetrate the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, the second light absorption conversion layer 422, and the fourth charge transport layer 423 in the F3 direction. Fig.12 , the first trench AX1 is filled with dielectric material and solidified to form a dielectric material portion 61, and the dielectric material portion 61 penetrates the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, the second light absorption conversion layer 422, and the fourth charge transport layer 423 in the F3 direction. The rest of the preparation process can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be repeated here.

[0087] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig.14, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, and the transparent substrate 10 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Alternatively, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S51 of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10. Furthermore, if the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 can be used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. If the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 and / or the first electrode 31 are used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can be formed of a dielectric material. Furthermore, the dielectric material part 61 can also be formed of the material of the fourth charge transport layer 423, so that the dielectric material part 61 and the fourth charge transport layer 423 are an integral structure. Alternatively, the dielectric material, for example, includes an insulating material, and the insulating material, for example, includes but is not limited to Al2O3, SiO2.

[0088] To prepare Fig.14 As an example, the structure of the laminated solar cell module shown in FIG. 1 is used as an example, and the flowchart of the corresponding preparation method can be referred to Figure 2 , mainly including steps S10 to S30. Among them, step S20 includes: referring to Fig.15a , a first charge transport layer 411, a first light absorption conversion layer 412, a second charge transport layer 413, a composite layer 43, a third charge transport layer 421, and a second light absorption conversion layer 422 are sequentially deposited on the side of the plurality of first electrodes 31 away from the transparent substrate 10. Then, referring to Fig.15b , the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, the second charge transport layer 413, the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 are patterned by a laser scribing process or an etching process to form a plurality of first grooves AX1 spaced from each other, and the first grooves AX1 penetrate the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, the second charge transport layer 413, the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the F3 direction. Then, referring to Fig.14 , a fourth charge transport layer 423 is deposited on the side of the second light absorption conversion layer 422 away from the transparent substrate 10, and each first groove AX1 is filled with the material of the fourth charge transport layer 423, so as to form a dielectric material portion 61 in the first groove AX1, and the dielectric material portion 61 penetrates the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, the second charge transport layer 413, the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the F3 direction. Alternatively, the first groove AX1 can be filled with a dielectric material and solidified to form a dielectric material portion 61, and the dielectric material portion 61 penetrates the first charge transport layer 411, the first light absorption conversion layer 412, the second charge transport layer 413, the composite layer 43, the third charge transport layer 421, and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 in the F3 direction. The rest of the preparation process can refer to the description of the above-mentioned preparation method, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] It is understandable that the second surface may also be the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first light absorption conversion layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the second charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove.

[0090] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig.16, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, and the transparent substrate 10 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Alternatively, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S61 of the fourth charge transport layer 423 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10. Furthermore, if the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 can be used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. If the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 and / or the first electrode 31 are used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. The dielectric material portion 61 can be formed of a dielectric material. Furthermore, the dielectric material includes, for example, an insulating material, and the insulating material includes, for example, but is not limited to, Al2O3 and SiO2. In addition, the preparation Fig.16 The preparation method of the structure of the stacked solar cell assembly shown can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0091] It is understandable that the second surface may also be the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first light absorption conversion layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the second charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove.

[0092] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiment of the present application. This embodiment is a modification of the implementation method in the above embodiment. The following only describes the differences between this embodiment and the above embodiment, and the similarities are not repeated here. Fig.17, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S71 of the third charge transport layer 421 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S71 of the third charge transport layer 421 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S11 of the first electrode 31 facing the transparent substrate 10. In addition, the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, and the transparent substrate 10 is used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Alternatively, the first groove AX1 can also penetrate from the surface S71 of the third charge transport layer 421 away from the transparent substrate 10 to the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10, that is, the first surface is the surface S71 of the third charge transport layer 421 away from the transparent substrate 10, and the second surface is the surface S21 of the first charge transport layer 411 facing the transparent substrate 10. Furthermore, if the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 can be used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. If the orthographic projection of the first groove AX1 on the transparent substrate 10 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first electrode 31 on the transparent substrate 10, the transparent substrate 10 and / or the first electrode 31 are used as the bottom of the first groove AX1. Among them, the dielectric material part 61 can be formed of a dielectric material. Furthermore, the dielectric material part 61 can also be formed of the material of the second light absorption conversion layer 422, so that the dielectric material part 61 and the second light absorption conversion layer 422 are an integral structure. Alternatively, the dielectric material, for example, includes an insulating material, and the insulating material, for example, includes but is not limited to Al2O3, SiO2. In addition, the preparation Fig.17 The preparation method of the structure of the stacked solar cell assembly shown can refer to the description of the above preparation method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0093] It is understandable that the second surface may also be the surface of the first light absorption conversion layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the second charge transport layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the first light absorption conversion layer is used as the bottom of the first groove. Alternatively, the second surface may also be the surface of the composite layer facing the transparent substrate, so that the second charge transport layer is used as the bottom of the first groove.

[0094] An embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic assembly, which includes: a shell and the above-mentioned laminated solar cell assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application; wherein the laminated solar cell assembly is located in the shell, so that the laminated solar cell assembly can be protected by the shell to prevent the laminated solar cell assembly from being disturbed by the outside world, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the photovoltaic assembly.

[0095] Furthermore, the stacked solar cell assembly disposed in the housing is not limited to one, but may be multiple, and the number of stacked solar cell assemblies in the housing may be set according to actual needs to increase the power generation of the power generation system. Furthermore, the electrical connection relationship of these stacked solar cell assemblies may be set to: parallel connection, series connection, or a combination of series and parallel connection. The specific setting may be based on actual needs and is not limited here.

[0096] The embodiment of the present application also provides a power generation system, which includes: a photovoltaic module, a DC converter and an inverter, wherein the photovoltaic module is connected to the inverter through a DC converter, and the DC converter is used to convert the DC power output by the photovoltaic module into voltage and output it to the inverter, and the inverter is used to convert the DC power output by the DC converter into AC power and output it. The AC power output by the inverter can be input into a load to supply power to the load. Alternatively, the AC power output by the inverter can also output electric energy to the power grid through a grid-connected transformer, thereby realizing the grid connection of the power generation system.

[0097] In addition, the embodiments of the present application provide a laminated solar cell assembly, a photovoltaic assembly, and a power generation system that can be applied to various scenarios where laminated solar cell assemblies can be applied, such as ground power stations and photovoltaic building integration. Moreover, since the embodiments of the present application are intended to solve the short circuit problem between the connection part and the composite layer in the laminated solar cell assembly and improve the performance of the laminated solar cell assembly, the performance of the photovoltaic assembly and the power generation system formed by the laminated solar cell assembly in the embodiments of the present application will also be better.

[0098] The above contents are only specific implementation methods of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laminated solar cell module, characterized in that: include: A transparent substrate and a plurality of sub-cells arranged on one side of the transparent substrate, the sub-cell comprising: a first electrode, a battery structure and a second electrode arranged in sequence on one side of the transparent substrate, the plurality of sub-cells comprising a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell, the first sub-cell being provided with a connecting portion penetrating the battery structure, and the second electrode in the first sub-cell being connected to the first electrode in the second sub-cell through the connecting portion; The battery structure includes a plurality of stacked photoelectric conversion structures and a composite layer arranged between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures; the first sub-cell is also provided with a first groove that at least penetrates the composite layer, the first groove is arranged between the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the composite layer on the transparent substrate, and the first groove is filled with a dielectric material portion.

2. The laminated solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of photoelectric conversion structures include: a first photoelectric conversion structure and a second photoelectric conversion structure, wherein the first photoelectric conversion structure is disposed between the second photoelectric conversion structure and the transparent substrate; The first photoelectric conversion structure comprises: a first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer and a second charge transport layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the transparent substrate to the sub-cell; The second photoelectric conversion structure includes: a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer and a fourth charge transport layer which are sequentially arranged in a direction from the transparent substrate to the sub-cell.

3. The laminated solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first groove runs through the first surface to the second surface; The first surface is one of the following surfaces: The surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate; The third charge transport layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; The second light absorption conversion layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; The fourth charge transport layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; Wherein, the second surface is one of the following surfaces: The surface of the composite layer faces the transparent substrate; The first charge transport layer faces a surface of the transparent substrate; The surface of the first light absorption conversion layer faces the transparent substrate; The second charge transport layer faces a surface of the transparent substrate; The first electrode faces a surface of the transparent substrate.

4. The laminated solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the first surface is the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the third charge transport layer are an integral structure.

5. The laminated solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the first surface is a surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the second light absorption conversion layer are an integral structure.

6. The laminated solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the first surface is a surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the dielectric material portion in the first groove and the fourth charge transport layer are an integral structure.

7. The laminated solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In the first sub-cell, the first trench has a gap between the orthographic projection of the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate; or, The orthographic projection of the first groove on the transparent substrate is adjacent to the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate.

8. The laminated solar cell module according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that: The first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer have different bandgap widths; and / or The first light absorption conversion layer and the second light absorption conversion layer include a perovskite material.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A shell, and a laminated solar cell assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8; the laminated solar cell assembly is arranged in the shell.

10. A power generation system, characterized in that: include: The photovoltaic module, DC converter and inverter as claimed in claim 9; The photovoltaic assembly is connected to the inverter via the DC converter, and the DC converter is used to convert the DC power output by the photovoltaic assembly into a voltage and then output it to the inverter; The inverter is used to convert the direct current output by the direct current converter into alternating current for output.

11. A method for preparing a laminated solar cell module, characterized in that: include: Forming a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other on one side of the transparent substrate; A plurality of battery structures are formed on the side of the plurality of first electrodes away from the transparent substrate and spaced from each other, wherein the battery structures include a plurality of photoelectric conversion structures stacked and a composite layer arranged between two adjacent photoelectric conversion structures; forming a plurality of second electrodes spaced apart from each other on a side of the plurality of battery structures away from the transparent substrate to form a plurality of sub-batteries; Among them, the multiple sub-cells include a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell, the first sub-cell is provided with a connecting portion that passes through the battery structure, and the second electrode in the first sub-cell is connected to the first electrode in the second sub-cell through the connecting portion, the first sub-cell is also provided with a first groove that at least passes through the composite layer, the orthographic projection of the first groove on the transparent substrate is arranged between the orthographic projection of the connecting portion on the transparent substrate and the orthographic projection of the composite layer on the transparent substrate, and the first groove is filled with a dielectric material portion.

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The method of forming a plurality of battery structures spaced apart from each other comprises: A first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a composite layer, a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer, and a fourth charge transport layer are sequentially formed on the side of the plurality of first electrodes away from the transparent substrate, and a first groove at least penetrating the composite layer is formed and a dielectric material portion is filled in the first groove to form a stacked film layer; The stacked film layer is patterned to form a plurality of second grooves penetrating the stacked film layer, and the plurality of second grooves correspond one-to-one to the plurality of first electrodes, and partial areas of the corresponding first electrodes are exposed through the plurality of second grooves, so that the second electrodes are connected to the first electrodes through the connecting portions filled in the second grooves.

13. The preparation method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The forming of the stacked film layers comprises: Forming a first charge transport layer, a first light absorption conversion layer, a second charge transport layer, a composite layer, a third charge transport layer, a second light absorption conversion layer and a fourth charge transport layer in sequence on a side of the plurality of first electrodes away from the transparent substrate; forming the first groove, wherein the first groove extends from the first surface to the second surface; The first surface is one of the following surfaces: The surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate; The third charge transport layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; The second light absorption conversion layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; The fourth charge transport layer faces away from the surface of the transparent substrate; Wherein, the second surface is one of the following surfaces: The surface of the composite layer faces the transparent substrate; The first charge transport layer faces a surface of the transparent substrate; The surface of the first light absorption conversion layer faces the transparent substrate; The second charge transport layer faces a surface of the transparent substrate; The first electrode faces a surface of the transparent substrate.

14. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that: The step of filling the first trench with a dielectric material portion includes: Filling the first trench with a dielectric material to form the dielectric material portion; or, When the first surface is the surface of the composite layer facing away from the transparent substrate, when forming the third charge transport layer, the first groove is filled with the material of the third charge transport layer to form the dielectric material part; or When the first surface is the surface of the third charge transport layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the first groove is filled with the material of the second light absorption conversion layer to form the dielectric material part; or When the first surface is a surface of the second light absorption conversion layer facing away from the transparent substrate, the first groove is filled with the material of the fourth charge transport layer to form the dielectric material portion.

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