Device and method for sorting powder materials by utilizing kinetic energy

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of powder mineral separation and powder and particle material separation and classification, in particular to a device and method for separating powder materials through kinetic energy. According to the first method, high-speed fluid is generated through high-pressure gas jet, and powder materials are sorted; and the second method is that shock waves generated by gas fuel explosion are utilized to form high-speed fluid, and powder materials are sorted. The various forms have the common characteristics that the separation effect is better, various principles can be fully utilized for separation, the method is suitable for separation of various different powder minerals and separation and grading of powder and particle materials, and the defects that an existing flotation method is high in separation cost, large in pollution and high in separation efficiency are overcome. The defects that a gravity separation method is low in separation efficiency and different materials with the specific gravity difference smaller than a critical point cannot be separated are overcome, and particularly the limitation that ultra-micro powder particles cannot be effectively separated and separated and particle size grading cannot be conducted on powder particle materials is overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of powder mineral sorting and powder and granular material sorting and grading, and in particular to a device and method for sorting powder materials using kinetic energy. Background Art

[0002] There are four main types of mineral separation methods currently used: flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation and electrostatic separation; The flotation method uses 4-5 reagents, which is costly, causes great environmental pollution, and has high processing costs; Magnetic separation is limited to magnetic mineral materials and has a relatively narrow scope of application; The electrostatic separation method is limited to mineral materials that can be ionized in an electric field, and its application scope is relatively narrow; Gravity separation uses the difference in specific gravity of different minerals to separate them. It is pollution-free and the medium is generally water. It is suitable for separating minerals with large differences in specific gravity and is currently widely used. Existing gravity separation methods include shaking tables, chutes, classifiers, trampolines and other forms. The separation efficiency of existing gravity separation processes and equipment is generally low. Different materials with similar specific gravity and a specific gravity difference less than the critical point cannot be separated. Powdered granular materials with the same material but different particle sizes cannot be classified into large particle sizes. The present invention provides a new mineral processing method, which overcomes the shortcomings and limitations of the existing flotation method, such as high cost and high pollution, the low separation efficiency of the gravity separation method, and the inability to separate different materials with a specific gravity difference less than a critical point, and overcomes the limitations of the existing method that the ultrafine powder particles cannot be effectively separated and sorted, and the powder particle materials cannot be graded by particle size.

[0003] Main contents and implementation methods: Overall idea, as we all know, kinetic energy refers to the energy of an object due to its movement; the magnitude of kinetic energy is related to the mass and speed of the object. The greater the mass and the higher the speed of movement, the greater the kinetic energy of the object. Expressed in formula, kinetic energy E R =1 / 2mv 2 , where m is the mass of the substance and V is the speed of the substance. According to the kinetic energy theorem, the work done by the external force on the substance will affect the change in kinetic energy; the formula is expressed as: W external work = change in kinetic energy = kinetic energy at the end of the period - initial kinetic energy; Powder materials are ultimately composed of many different substances and particles of different sizes. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: To provide a device and method for separating powder materials using kinetic energy with better effect. The specific purpose can be seen in the multiple substantial technical effects of the specific implementation part.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy, characterized in that the device comprises a shell, a hopper 1 is comprised above the shell, a flow regulating valve 2 is comprised below the hopper, and a lower barrel 5 is connected to the lower part of the hopper; The subsequent options are any of the following: A. The side of the unloading barrel 5 includes an air compressor 26, which is connected to the air storage tank 24 through a compressed air stop valve 25, and the air storage tank 24 is connected to more than one valve, and then the pipeline is passed into the interior of the unloading barrel 5 and arranged downward, and its end includes an air nozzle 27; the lower part of the barrel includes a guide spraying upper plate 19, and the guide spraying upper plate 19 and the guide spraying lower plate 20 are the guide spraying channels, and the outer side of the channel is a circular groove disc-shaped material collecting device 10; B. The side of the lower barrel 5 includes a gas storage tank 33, and one side of the gas storage tank 33 includes a natural gas inlet 35 and a natural gas charging valve 34. The gas storage tank 33 is then connected to more than one valve and connected to a mixer 36; the mixer 36 is also connected to an air intake fan 29 and a pipeline; the mixer 36 is connected to the pipeline and passed into the middle of the lower barrel 5, and the part where the connecting pipeline passes into the lower barrel 5 and extends into the combustion mixed gas nozzle 37; the lower barrel 5 also includes an electric spark plug 28; the lower barrel 5 includes a guide spray upper plate 19, and the guide spray upper plate 19 and the guide spray lower plate 20 are between The guide spray channel, the outside of the channel is a ring-shaped disc-shaped collecting device 10; C. An electric gate valve 4 is included above the discharge barrel 5, and the lower end of the discharge barrel 5 passes through the cover plate 8 of the material throwing tray and enters the middle part of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9; the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9 is installed on the power output shaft of the motor and its transmission device 6, and the motor and its transmission device 6 are installed and fixed on the base 11 below, and the peripheral side of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9 is the material collecting device 10; the powder material falling into the middle part of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9 is thrown out from the center to the outside through the diversion material throwing channel under the action of the high-speed rotating centrifugal force, and sprinkles on the material collecting device 10 to realize material sorting.

[0006] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the material collecting device 10 comprises a plurality of grooves, which are material collecting grooves 12, and more than one material collecting grooves 12 are all circular depressions, and more than one material collecting grooves 12 are arranged in concentric circles; the lowest position on each circular depression comprises more than one discharge port 16.

[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the material collecting device 10 in solution A includes a circle of retaining walls to prevent the material from falling out.

[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the material collecting device 10 in solution B includes a circle of baffle walls and the baffle walls also include a horizontal wall, which is airtightly arranged above the horizontal wall and the guide spraying upper plate 19; and also includes an exhaust pipe 42 passing through the horizontal wall.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the material collecting device 10 in Solution C includes a circle of baffle walls, and the baffle walls also include a circle of horizontal cover plates 7; the height of the horizontal cover plates 7 is higher than the flying space of the materials on the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that, in addition to being connected to the interior of the material collecting device 10, the exhaust pipe 42 is also connected to the combustion and explosion chamber inside the discharge barrel 5, and the exhaust pipe 42 is connected to the manual valve 41 and the electric exhaust valve 40, and is connected to the filtering and purification device 39 and the exhaust fan 38; after the combustion and explosion are completed and the material is sprayed out, there is a lot of combustion and explosion waste gas in the combustion and explosion chamber and the material collecting device 10. At this time, the exhaust fan 38, the manual valve 41 and the electric exhaust valve 40 are opened, and the waste gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, and is purified by activated carbon adsorption through the filtering and purification device 39, and is discharged into the atmosphere after meeting the standards.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that in Scheme C, the high-speed rotating material-throwing plate 9 includes more than one material-throwing plate partitioning plates 17, and the material-throwing plate partitioning plates 17 are plate-like structures with a pointed front end and an arc-shaped edge, and material channels 14 are provided between the multiple material-throwing plate partitioning plates 17; in Schemes A and B, the guide spraying upper plate 19, the guide spraying lower plate 20 and the connecting support block 48 are connected by screws to form an integral guide spraying device, and the material is diverted from the cavity flow channel and sprayed to the surrounding areas.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that in solution A, the gas storage tank 24 is connected to the pressure regulating valve filter 23, the pressure regulating valve filter 23 is connected to the flow valve 22 through a pipeline, and the flow valve 22 is connected to the gate valve 21 through a pipeline; a conical guide wall is arranged on the inner wall of the discharge barrel 5, and a gap is included between the guide wall and the air nozzle 27, and the material is guided to the gap and then driven by the air flow to fall rapidly into the material channel of the guide spraying device; in solution B, the exhaust pipe 42 is connected to the manual valve 41, the electric exhaust valve 40, the filter purification device 39 and the exhaust fan 38; the inlet of the mixer 36 is simultaneously connected The combustible gas intake valve 31 and the air intake valve 53 are connected, the combustible gas intake valve 31 is connected to the pressure reducer valve 32, the natural gas storage tank 33, and the natural gas charging valve 34, and the air intake valve 53 is connected to the air filter 52 and the air intake fan 29; the outlet of the mixer 36 is connected to the mixed gas valve 30, and the outlet of the mixer 36 leads to the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37; the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37 is a curved arc, and the mouth of the curved arc faces downward; the middle part of the discharge barrel 5 corresponding to the guide spray lower plate 20 includes a protrusion; the protrusion can guide the airflow to the material channel 14 on the side.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a collecting auxiliary device is included below the discharge port 16 of the collecting device 10, and the collecting auxiliary device is as follows: the internal space of the innermost material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 45 is connected to the annular hollow interlayer wall 44; the interlayer wall 44 includes more than one threaded material connecting pipe 43, and the threaded material connecting pipe 43 on the interlayer wall 44 is connected to the discharge port on the innermost circle groove, which is used to collect the material of the innermost circle; it also includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device, and the outer material collecting auxiliary device includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 47, and the outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 47 extends more than one hose 46, and the end of the hose is a threaded material connecting pipe 43, and the threaded material connecting pipe 43 at the end of the hose is connected to the discharge port in the groove of the outer circle.

[0014] A method for separating powder materials using kinetic energy, characterized in that the method comprises using the device as described in any one of the above, and comprising the following steps: Generate high-kinetic energy and high-speed fluid, which is ejected through a specific diversion channel and outlet and falls on the bottom of the collection device, forming different displacements and falling positions, thus realizing the sorting of various powder minerals and the sorting and grading of powder granular materials; The device of the present invention is composed of three parts: a high-speed fluid generating device, a diversion spraying device and a material collecting device; the high-speed fluid generating device is used to exert external force on the sorted material to generate high kinetic energy to form a high-speed fluid; the diversion spraying device is used to form a higher speed and kinetic energy at the outlet through a dedicated diversion channel and spray it in the correct direction; the material collecting device is used to sort and collect different materials scattered at different areas at the bottom thereof; According to the different forms of the high-speed fluid generating device, the embodiments of the present invention are divided into three different forms: the first is to use high-pressure gas jet to generate high-speed fluid to sort powder materials; the second is to use gas fuel explosion to generate shock waves to form high-speed fluid to sort powder materials; the third is to use high-speed rotating material throwing plate to generate high-speed fluid to sort powder materials; The common feature of these three forms is that external force is applied to the powder material to do work, which causes the speed and kinetic energy of the material to increase sharply, generating a high-speed fluid with high kinetic energy. The material is then sorted by utilizing the displacement generated by the falling of the high-speed fluid and the different locations where different materials fall.

[0015] The high-pressure gas is produced by an air compressor 26. An air compressor 26 with a suitable air pressure level and gas output is selected. The generated compressed air is stored in an air storage tank 24, and passes through a pipeline and a gas flow valve 22, a pressure regulating valve filter 23, and a gate valve 21. The high-pressure air is ejected from an air nozzle 27. The air nozzle 27 is arranged at the center of the lower barrel 5. The air pressure and flow of the high-pressure gas are controlled by the gas pressure regulating valve filter 23 and the flow valve 22. A check valve 18 of the flow regulating valve 2 is arranged between the hopper 1 and the lower barrel 5. The flow regulating valve 2 adjusts the feed amount by changing the flow area. The check valve 18, i.e., a one-way valve, ensures that the material can only go downward but not upward, so as to prevent the material and high-pressure gas in the lower barrel 5 from being blown out in the opposite direction because their pressure is greater than the pressure in the hopper 1 above. High-pressure gas blows the material to generate high-speed fluid. The high-pressure gas entrains the material and flows from the lower barrel 5 through the diversion spraying device, and is sprayed out at high speed from the gap outlet. The material falls on different areas of the collecting device to achieve material sorting and collection. The diversion spraying device is connected to the discharge barrel 5, and the inner cavity after the diversion spraying upper plate 19 is connected with the diversion spraying lower plate 20 and the connecting support block 48 forms a high-speed fluid material channel. The material inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion spraying device is not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the material gap outlet; the speed of the material when it is sprayed out of the outlet is not lower than the speed at the material inlet of the diversion spraying device; The feed amount of powder material is closely related to the air pressure of compressed air controlled by flow regulating valve 2, and the air intake is closely related to the flow valve 22 controlled by pressure regulating valve filter 23. Only by selecting appropriate feed amount, air intake and air pressure parameters can an ideal high-speed fluid of gas material be formed.

[0016] Drawing on the working principle of spark ignition of gas fuel engines, the gas fuel used can be natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, hydrogen and other gas fuels; In the gas fuel supply system, natural gas enters the gas storage tank 33 through the natural gas charging valve 34; it enters the mixer 36 through the pressure reducer valve 32 and the air intake valve 31; the air sucked in by the air intake fan 29 is filtered by the air filter 52 and also enters the mixer 36 under the control of the air intake valve 53; the fuel gas and air are mixed in a certain proportion and the mixing ratio is adjusted by the flow rate through the air intake valve 31 and the air intake valve 53; the mixed gas coming out of the mixer 36 is controlled by the mixed gas valve 30 and sprayed into the combustion chamber from the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37; The powder material in the hopper 1 passes through the flow regulating valve 2 and the electric gate valve 4 and falls into the cavity of the diversion spray device and the channel of the lower barrel 5. When the material level reaches the height of the material level control line 49, the feeding is stopped and the opening and closing of the electric gate valve 4 are controlled by the detection signal of the material level sensor 50. In this way, the material level of the powder material close to the height of the material level control line 49, the side of the channel of the lower barrel 5, and the electric gate valve 4 form an explosion chamber that can be closed and opened. When the explosion chamber is in a closed state, the combustible mixed gas can be sprayed into it. When the injected gas reaches the set gas volume and pressure, the spraying of the combustible mixed gas into the explosion chamber is stopped; The electric spark plug 28 is used to ignite the mixed gas, and the explosion shock wave drives the powder material at the bottom to be ejected from the cavity channel of the diversion injection device at high speed. All the materials quantitatively added to the cavity channel are ejected from the gap outlet at high speed, generating high-speed fluid for material sorting; After the explosion is over and the material is ejected, there is a lot of explosion waste gas in the explosion chamber and on the top of the collecting device. At this time, open the exhaust fan 38 and the electric exhaust valve 40, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, treated by the filtration and purification device 39, and treated by activated carbon adsorption, and discharged into the atmosphere after meeting the standards; a safety valve 51 is set on the wall of the discharge barrel 5. When the explosion pressure in the explosion chamber exceeds the set value, the safety valve 51 automatically opens to exhaust to ensure safety; the gas fuel explosion method for sorting powder materials is intermittent explosion sorting; each explosion sorting process goes through four steps: the first step is to add materials and open the electric gate valve 4 , the electric exhaust valve 40 is opened, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed; the second step: the mixed gas is injected, the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is closed, and the mixed gas valve 30 is opened, and the material height is added to reach the vicinity of the material level control line 49; the third step: ignition and explosion make the material spray out at high speed, the spark plug 28 is ignited, the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is closed, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed; the fourth step: exhaust gas, the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is opened, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed; after the first combustion and explosion sorting process is completed, the next process will be carried out, and the cycle will be repeated;

[0017] A mechanical rotating motion mode is adopted, and a high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is set; its function is to throw high-speed fluid from the peripheral outlet to the surrounding directions to achieve material sorting; The high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9 and the material throwing tray cover 8 are high-speed rotating parts, supported and installed on the lower base 11, and driven by the motor and the transmission device 6 installed on the lower base 11. The lower end of the material discharge barrel 5 is inserted into the hole of the material throwing tray cover 8, and a gap is left between the outer diameter of the static material discharge barrel 5 and the hole of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray cover 8; a flexible soft seal is installed on the gap to prevent material from overflowing; The hopper 1 and the lower barrel 5 are mounted and fixed on the supporting frame 3; The collecting device is fixedly mounted on the lower base 11, and the high-speed rotating throwing disc 9 and the motor and transmission device 6 are also mounted on the lower base 11. The powder material moves downward from the hopper 1, is controlled by the flow regulating valve 2 and the electric gate valve 4, flows through the discharge barrel 5, and falls into the middle of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating throwing disc 9. The powder material in the middle of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating throwing disc 9 is subjected to the combined action of the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation and the toothed guide and throwing channel wall, and is thrown out from the middle to the outside along the guide and throwing channel, forming a high-kinetic energy and high-speed powder material throwing fluid at the peripheral throwing outlet. The high-speed thrown powder material is subjected to the combined action of gravity and air resistance, and finally falls into the annular collecting troughs at different areas of the bottom of the collecting device to realize material sorting.

[0018] The present invention adopting the above technical scheme has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the present invention provides a new material sorting method with better sorting effect, can make full use of various principles for sorting, and is suitable for the sorting of various different powder minerals and the sorting and grading of powder and granular materials. It overcomes the shortcomings of the existing flotation method, such as high sorting cost and high pollution, low sorting efficiency of the gravity separation method, and inability to sort different materials with a specific gravity difference less than the critical point, especially the inability to effectively separate and sort ultrafine powder particles, and the inability to perform particle size classification on powder granular materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of embodiment 1; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of Embodiment 3; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-speed rotating material-throwing tray and the collecting trough of Example 3; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of Embodiment 1; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the diversion and spraying device of Example 1; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combustible mixed gas nozzle of the second embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a further improvement of a feeding channel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the innermost material receiving auxiliary device; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the outer layer material collecting auxiliary device; Fig.11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the diversion and spraying device of Example 2; Among them: 1. hopper; 2. flow control valve; 3. support frame; 4. electric gate valve; 5. discharge barrel; 6. motor and its transmission device; 7. cover plate; 8. cover plate of the throwing tray; 9. high-speed rotating throwing tray; 10. material collecting device; 11. base; 12. collecting trough; 13. sealing structure; 14. material channel; 15. material direction; 16. discharge port; 17. throwing tray partition plate; 18. check valve; 19. diversion spray upper plate; 20. diversion spray lower plate; 21. gate valve; 22. flow valve; 23. pressure regulating valve filter; 24. air storage tank; 25. compressed air stop valve; 26. air compressor; 27. jet nozzle; 28. spark plug; 29. ​​air intake fan; 30. .Mixed gas valve; 31. Inlet valve; 32. Pressure reducer valve; 33. Gas storage tank; 34. Natural gas charging valve; 35. Natural gas inlet; 36. Mixer; 37. Flammable mixed gas nozzle; 38. Exhaust fan; 39. Filter purification device; 40. Electric exhaust valve; 41. Manual valve; 42. Exhaust pipe; 43. Threaded material connection pipe; 44. Interlayer wall; 45. Innermost material collection auxiliary device accommodating part; 46. Hose; 47. Outer material collection auxiliary device accommodating part; 48. Connecting support block; 49. Material level control line; 50. Material level sensor; 51. Safety valve; 52. Air filter; 53. Air inlet valve; 54. High-speed rotating material throwing tray steering; 55. Conical guide wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific circumstances.

[0021] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0022] This patent provides a variety of parallel solutions, and the different expressions are improved solutions or parallel solutions based on the basic solution. Each solution has its own unique characteristics.

[0023] Embodiment 1: Combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 ; It comprises a shell, a hopper 1 is comprised above the shell, a flow regulating valve 2 and a check valve 18 are comprised below the hopper, and a lower barrel 5 is connected to the lower barrel 1; an air compressor 26 is comprised on the side of the lower barrel 5, and the air compressor 26 is connected to an air storage tank 24 through an air stop valve 25, and the air storage tank 24 is connected to a pressure regulating valve filter 23, a flow valve 22, and a gate valve 21, and then a pipeline is passed into the lower barrel 5 and arranged downward, and an air nozzle 27 is comprised at the end thereof; a guide spraying upper plate 19 is comprised below the barrel, The upper plate 19, the lower plate 20 and the connecting support block 48 are connected by screws to form an integral guiding spraying device. The material is guided from the cavity flow channel and sprayed to the surroundings. The connecting support block 48 can be a rhombus, ellipse, isosceles triangle or other geometric shapes. It is best to choose a pointed, narrow, streamlined structure with low resistance to the material; its thickness is the same or different, and the number of 4-24 is evenly distributed. The connecting support block 48 can be a separate part, or it can be manufactured as an integral combined part with the upper plate 19 or the lower plate 20. The shape and layout of the connecting support block 48 should minimize the resistance of the fluid material; the outer periphery of the guide spray channel is a collecting device 10; the substantial technical effect of the technical solution here and its implementation process are as follows: high-speed fluid is generated by high-pressure gas jet for sorting; the high-pressure gas is made by an air compressor 26, and the air compressor 26 with a suitable air pressure level and gas output is selected. The generated compressed air is stored in the air storage tank 24, and passes through the pipeline and the gas flow valve 22, the pressure regulating valve filter 23, and the gate valve 21. The high-pressure air is discharged from the nozzle 27 is ejected, and the air nozzle 27 is set at the center of the channel of the lower barrel 5. The air pressure and flow rate of the high-pressure gas are controlled by the gas pressure regulating valve 23 and the flow valve 22 respectively. A flow regulating valve 2 and a check valve 18 are set between the hopper 1 and the lower barrel 5. The flow regulating valve 2 adjusts the size of the feed amount by changing the size of the flow area. The check valve 18, i.e., a one-way valve, ensures that the material can only go downwards but not upwards, and prevents the material and the high-pressure gas in the channel of the lower barrel 5 from being blown out in the opposite direction due to their pressure being greater than the pressure in the upper hopper 1. The high-pressure gas blows the material to produce a high-speed fluid. The high-pressure gas entrains the material, flows from the speed-increasing channel of the lower barrel 5 through the diversion spraying device, and is ejected at a high speed from its gap outlet. The material is scattered on different areas of the collecting device 10 to achieve material sorting and collection.

[0024] The diversion spraying device is connected to the speed increasing channel of the discharge barrel 5, and the inner cavity after the diversion spraying upper plate 19 is connected with the diversion spraying lower plate 20 forms a high-speed fluid material channel. The material inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion spraying device (i.e., the inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion spraying upper plate 19) is not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the material gap outlet (i.e., the gap outlet cross-sectional area after the diversion spraying upper plate 19 is connected with the diversion spraying lower plate 20); the speed of the material when it is sprayed out of the outlet is not lower than the speed at the material inlet of the diversion spraying device.

[0025] The feed amount of powder material (controlled by flow control valve 2) is closely related to the pressure and intake volume of compressed air (controlled by pressure regulating valve and flow valve 22 respectively). Only by selecting appropriate matching parameters of material feed amount, compressed air intake volume and air pressure can an ideal high-speed flow of gas material be formed.

[0026] Innovatively, each of the above effects exists independently, and a set of structures can be used to combine the above results.

[0027] Embodiment 2: Combination Figure 5 , Figure 6 As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, it includes a shell, a hopper 1 is included on the top of the shell, a flow regulating valve 2 is included below the hopper, and a lower barrel 5 is connected to the lower barrel 5; a gas storage tank 33 is included on the side of the lower barrel 5, and a natural gas inlet 35 and a natural gas charging valve 34 are included on one side of the gas storage tank 33, and the gas storage tank 33 is then connected to more than one valve and connected to a mixer 36; the mixer 36 is also connected to an air intake fan 29 and a pipeline; the mixer 36 is connected The pipeline is passed into the middle of the lower barrel 5, and the part where the connecting pipeline is passed into the lower barrel 5 and extends into is a combustible mixed gas nozzle 37; the lower barrel 5 also includes an electric spark plug 28; the lower barrel 5 includes a guide spray upper plate 19 below, and the guide spray upper plate 19 and the guide spray lower plate 20 are between the guide spray channel, and the outside of the channel is a circle of collecting device 10; the substantial technical effect of the technical solution here and its implementation process are as follows: using gas fuel to explode and inflate to generate high-speed fluid for sorting Drawing on the working principle of spark ignition of gas fuel engines, the gas fuel used can be natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, hydrogen and other gas fuels.

[0028] In the gas fuel supply system, natural gas enters the gas storage tank 33 through the natural gas charging valve 34; it enters the mixer 36 through the pressure reducer valve 32 and the air intake valve 31; the air sucked in by the air intake fan 29 is filtered by the air filter 52 and also enters the mixer 36 under the control of the air intake valve 53; the fuel gas and the air are mixed in a certain proportion (the mixing proportion is adjusted by the flow rate of the air intake valve 31 and the air intake valve 53); the mixed gas coming out of the mixer 36 is controlled by the mixed gas valve 30 and sprayed into the combustion chamber from the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37; The powder material in the hopper 1 passes through the flow regulating valve 2 and the electric gate valve 4 and falls into the cavity of the diversion spray device and the channel of the lower barrel 5. When the material level reaches the height of the material level control line 49, the feeding is stopped (the opening and closing of the electric gate valve 4 is controlled by the detection signal of the material level sensor 50). In this way, the material level of the powder material close to the height of the material level control line 49, the side of the channel of the lower barrel 5, and the electric gate valve 4 form a combustion chamber that can be closed and opened. When the explosion chamber is in a closed state, the combustible mixed gas can be sprayed into it. When the injected gas reaches the set gas volume and pressure, the spraying of the combustible mixed gas into the explosion chamber is stopped; The electric spark plug 28 is used to ignite the mixed gas, and the explosion shock wave drives the powder material at the bottom to be ejected from the cavity channel of the diversion injection device at high speed. All the materials quantitatively added to the cavity channel are ejected from the gap outlet at high speed, generating high-speed fluid for material sorting; After the explosion is over and the material is ejected, there is a lot of explosion waste gas in the explosion chamber and on the top of the material collecting device. At this time, the exhaust fan 38 and the electric exhaust valve 40 are turned on, and the waste gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, treated by the filtering and purification device 39 (using activated carbon adsorption treatment), and then discharged into the atmosphere after meeting the standards. A safety valve 51 is arranged on the wall of the discharge barrel 5. When the explosion pressure in the explosion chamber exceeds the set value, the safety valve 51 automatically opens to exhaust to ensure safety. The gas fuel explosion method for sorting powder materials is an intermittent explosion sorting. Each explosion sorting process goes through four steps: the first step is to add materials (the electric gate valve 4 is opened, the electric exhaust valve 40 is opened, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed); the second step is to inject mixed gas (the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is closed, and the mixed gas valve 30 is opened, and the height of the added materials reaches the vicinity of the material level control line 49); the third step is to ignite and explode to make the materials ejected at a high speed (the electric spark plug 28 is ignited, the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is closed, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed); the fourth step is to exhaust the exhaust gas (the electric gate valve 4 is closed, the electric exhaust valve 40 is opened, and the mixed gas valve 30 is closed); after one explosion sorting process is completed, the next process will be carried out, and the cycle will be repeated; The design structures of the guide spray device and the collecting device for sorting materials by the gas fuel explosion method and the high-pressure gas jet method are exactly the same and no duplication is made.

[0029] Example 3: Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 As a further improved scheme or parallel scheme or optional independent scheme, the upper part of the discharge barrel 5 includes an electric gate valve 4, and the lower end of the discharge barrel 5 passes through the cover plate 8 of the material throwing plate and enters the middle part of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9; the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is installed on the power output shaft of the motor and its transmission device 6, and the motor and its transmission device 6 are installed and fixed on the base 11 below, and the peripheral side of the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is a material collecting device 10. Under the action of the high-speed rotating centrifugal force, the powder material falling into the middle part of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is thrown out from the center to the outside through the diversion material throwing channel, and sprinkled on the material collecting device 10 to achieve material sorting. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical scheme here are as follows: a high-speed rotating material throwing plate is used to generate a high-speed fluid for sorting, and a high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is set by a mechanical rotating motion method. Its function is to throw out high-speed fluid from the peripheral outlet to the surrounding directions to sort materials.

[0030] The high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9 and the material throwing tray cover 8 are high-speed rotating parts, supported and installed on the base 11 at the bottom, driven by the motor and the transmission device 6 installed below, the lower end of the material discharge barrel 5 is inserted into the hole of the material throwing tray cover 8, and a certain amount of gap is left between the outer diameter of the static material discharge barrel 5 and the hole of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray cover 8; a flexible soft seal is installed on the gap to prevent material from overflowing; The hopper 1 and the lower barrel 5 are mounted and fixed on the supporting frame 3; The material collecting device is installed and fixed on the lower base 11, and the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 and the motor and transmission device 6 are also installed on the lower base 11. The powder material goes down from the hopper 1, is controlled by the flow regulating valve 2 and the electric gate valve 4, flows through the discharge barrel 5, and falls into the middle of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9. The powder material in the middle of the inner cavity of the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 is subjected to the combined action of centrifugal force and the toothed guide and material throwing channel wall, and is thrown out from the middle to the outside along the guide and material throwing channel, that is, the material channel 14, and a high-kinetic energy and high-speed powder material throwing fluid is formed at the peripheral throwing outlet. The high-speed thrown powder material is subjected to the combined action of gravity and air resistance, and finally falls into the annular collecting material trough at different areas of the bottom of the material collecting device to realize material sorting.

[0031] The first to third embodiments are summarized as follows: The invention discloses a device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy, which relates to ore dressing and powder material classification and is used for the separation of various powder minerals and the separation and classification of powder and granular materials.

[0032] Powder materials are ultimately composed of particles of different substances and different sizes.

[0033] The present invention is divided into three steps: Step 1: Apply external force to the powder material to do work, so that the speed and kinetic energy of the material increase sharply from the initial zero, generating a high-speed fluid with high kinetic energy; In the second step, the high-kinetic energy powder material particles pass through a specially designed diversion spray device, forming a higher speed and kinetic energy at the outlet, and are ejected (thrown) in the correct direction; Step 3: The material particles ejected at high speed are affected by air resistance and gravity, and are scattered along a parabolic trajectory; they fall on the bottom surface of the collecting device, forming the actual displacement of the material particles after being ejected (thrown out). In this process, the material particles gradually change from high kinetic energy and high speed at the nozzle to zero kinetic energy and speed after being scattered; according to the kinetic energy theorem, the magnitude of the work done by the external force (air resistance and gravity) is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the material particles from the nozzle to the spill point; the distance from the nozzle to the spill point is the displacement distance of the work done by air resistance and gravity.

[0034] Material particles with different kinetic energies obtain different displacement distances from the nozzle to the landing point, and the location and area of ​​the landing point are also different. Material particles that are scattered in the same area are regarded as particles with the same kinetic energy and are collected. Changing the kinetic energy of the material particles generated by applying external force will change the location and area of ​​the landing point. The greater the increase in kinetic energy, the greater the displacement of the landing point.

[0035] In this way, the displacement of the scattering point can be adjusted by adjusting the kinetic energy and speed of the powder material, thereby achieving accurate sorting and grading of the powder material.

[0036] Material particles with different specific gravities have different particle masses, kinetic energies, and different locations and areas of falling points, which can realize the sorting of powder materials of different materials; Material particles of different sizes have different particle sizes and masses, kinetic energy, and different scattering point locations and areas. Powder material particles of the same material but different particle sizes can be classified.

[0037] In short, by applying external force to the powder material, high kinetic energy is generated, causing the material speed to increase dramatically; High-kinetic-energy, high-speed fluid is generated, ejected through specific diversion channels and outlets, and sprinkled on the bottom of the collection device, forming different displacements and spilling positions, thus realizing the sorting of various powder minerals and the sorting and grading of powder granular materials.

[0038] The device of the present invention consists of three parts: a high-speed fluid generating device, a diversion spraying device and a material collecting device. The function of the high-speed fluid generating device is to exert external force on the sorted material to generate high kinetic energy and form a high-speed fluid; the function of the diversion spraying device is to form a higher speed and kinetic energy at the outlet through a dedicated diversion channel and spray it in the correct direction; the material collecting device is used to sort and collect different materials scattered in different areas at the bottom thereof.

[0039] According to the different forms of the device for generating high-speed fluid, the embodiments of the present invention are divided into three different forms: The first is to use high-pressure gas jets to generate high-speed fluids to sort powder materials; The second method is to use the shock wave generated by the explosion of gas fuel to form a high-speed fluid to sort the powder materials; The third method is to use a high-speed rotating throwing plate to generate high-speed fluid for sorting powder materials.

[0040] The common feature of these three forms is that external force is applied to the powder material to do work, which causes the speed and kinetic energy of the material to increase sharply, generating a high-speed fluid with high kinetic energy. The material is then sorted by utilizing the displacement generated by the falling of the high-speed fluid and the different locations where different materials fall.

[0041] Embodiment 4: As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, the material collecting device 10 includes a plurality of grooves, which are material collecting grooves 12, and more than one material collecting groove 12 are circular depressions, and more than one material collecting groove 12 are arranged in concentric circles; the lowest position on each circular depression includes more than one discharge port 16. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: the material is guided into the groove, and the depth of the bottom of the groove in the circumferential direction and radial width direction are different, and the material flows from the sloped groove to the discharge port 16 at the most positions, which is convenient for material export.

[0042] Embodiment 5: As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, the material collecting device 10 in solution A includes a circle of retaining walls to prevent materials from falling out. If necessary, a top horizontal cover plate can be set on the top of the retaining wall to avoid dust. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: Figure 4 The circle of retaining walls shown prevents materials from flying out or dust from being generated.

[0043] Embodiment 6: As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, the material collecting device 10 in solution B includes a circle of baffle walls and the baffle walls also include a horizontal wall, which is airtightly arranged above the horizontal wall and the upper plate 19 for guiding the spraying of materials; and also includes an exhaust pipe 42 passing through the horizontal wall. The substantial technical effects and implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: Figure 5 The closed structure shown is firstly to ensure material diversion and secondly to avoid dust.

[0044] Embodiment 7: As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, the material collecting device 10 in solution C includes a circle of baffle walls, which also includes a circle of horizontal cover plates 7; the height of the horizontal cover plates 7 is higher than the flying space of the materials on the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9, and there is a certain gap between the inner hole of the horizontal cover plates 7 and the outer circle of the high-speed rotating material throwing tray 9. The substantial technical effect and implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: Reference Figure 2 The structure shown is semi-enclosed and can also achieve sorting, preventing materials from flying out or creating dust.

[0045] Embodiment 8: As a further improved solution or a parallel solution or an optional independent solution, combining Figure 6, the connecting support block 48 connects the guide spray upper plate 19 and the guide spray lower plate 20 together to form a guide spray channel, and the material is squeezed from the cavity flow channel through the protruding connecting support block 48 for diversion and spraying. The shape and layout of the connecting support block 48 should reduce the resistance of the fluid material as much as possible. The connecting support block 48 can be a geometric shape such as a rhombus, an ellipse, an isosceles triangle, etc. It is best to choose a pointed, narrow, streamlined structure with low resistance to the material. Its thickness is the same or different, and the number of 3-24 is evenly distributed. The connecting support block 48 can be a separate part, or it can be manufactured as an integral combined part with the guide spray upper plate 19 or the guide spray lower plate 20. The substantial technical effect of the technical solution here and its implementation process are as follows: Reference Figure 6 and Fig.11 The two structures shown, a diamond-shaped connecting support block arranged in the middle and an isosceles triangle connecting support block arranged on the outside, form an ideal diversion and spraying channel, which has little resistance to the material during the diversion and spraying process.

[0046] Embodiment 9: Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As a further improved solution or parallel solution or optional independent solution, the high-speed rotating material throwing plate 9 includes more than one material throwing plate partition plate 17, and the material throwing plate partition plate 17 is a plate-shaped structure with a pointed top at the front end and an arc-shaped edge. The material channel 14 is between the multiple material throwing plate partition plates 17. The substantial technical effect and the implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: combined with Figure 3 The material throwing plate 17 has a pointed front end to facilitate material separation. The material is evenly guided and the material throwing resistance is small. The material throwing plate 17 is also evenly distributed.

[0047] Embodiment 10: As a further improved solution or a parallel solution or an optional independent solution, combining Figure 4 and Figure 8 The gas storage tank 24 is connected to the pressure regulating valve filter 23, the pressure regulating valve filter 23 is connected to the flow valve 22 through a pipeline, and the flow valve 22 is connected to the gate valve 21 through a pipeline; a conical guide wall 55 is arranged on the inner wall of the discharge barrel 5, and a gap is included between the conical guide wall 55 and the air nozzle 27, and the material is guided into the gap and then driven by the airflow to fall rapidly into the material channel 14; Combination Figure 5 and Figure 7, the exhaust pipe 42 is connected to the manual valve 41, the electric exhaust valve 40, the filter purification device 39 and the exhaust fan 38; the inlet of the mixer 36 is connected to the gas intake valve 31 and the air intake valve 53; the outlet of the mixer 36 is connected to the mixed gas valve 30, leading to the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37, the combustible mixed gas nozzle 37 is a curved arc, and the curved arc mouth faces downward; the middle part of the discharge barrel 5 corresponding to the guide spray lower plate 20 includes a protrusion; the protrusion can guide the airflow to the material channel 14 on the side. The substantial technical effects and implementation process of the technical solution here are as follows: This embodiment should focus on three points: First point: a conical guide wall 55 is arranged on the inner wall of the discharge barrel 5, and there is a gap between the conical guide wall 55 and the air nozzle 27. The material is guided into the gap and then driven by the airflow to fall rapidly into the material channel 14; the material is directly in contact with the wind force, and the sorting is directly achieved without wasting the wind force; Second point: The mouth of the curved arc faces downward, which is conducive to the combustible mixed gas evenly filling the explosion chamber, and is conducive to better pushing the material downward when the mixed gas explodes; The third point: the middle part of the flow surface of the lower plate 20 of the guide spray is raised to avoid the energy rebound of the sorting, and directly achieve the guiding function.

[0048] Embodiment 11: As a further improved scheme or a parallel scheme or an optional independent scheme, the material collecting device 10 includes a collecting auxiliary device below the discharge port 16, and the collecting auxiliary device is as follows: the inner space of the innermost material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 45 is connected to the annular hollow interlayer wall 44; the interlayer wall 44 includes more than one threaded material connecting pipe 43, and the threaded material connecting pipe 43 on the interlayer wall 44 is connected to the discharge port on the innermost circle groove, which is used to collect the material of the innermost circle; it also includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device, the outer material collecting auxiliary device includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 47, and the outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating part 47 extends more than one hose 46, and the end of the hose is a threaded material connecting pipe 43, and the threaded material connecting pipe 43 at the end of the hose is connected to the discharge port in the groove of the outer circle. The substantial technical effect of the technical solution herein and its implementation process are as follows: when in use, the threaded material receiving pipe 43 on the interlayer wall 44 connects with the discharge port on the innermost circle groove to collect the material of the innermost circle; multiple outer layer material collecting auxiliary devices correspond to multiple outer layer grooves, which facilitates the collection of the outer layer material.

[0049] Comparative example of the use effect of the device and method for separating powder materials using kinetic energy Example 1: Comparison of the experimental results of using kinetic energy separation to improve the aluminum-silicon ratio of a bauxite mine (using compressed air, i.e. Figure 4 The structure shown is implemented) When the silicon content in bauxite is too high, it will cause excessive consumption of alkali in the production of alumina, and the production cost is very high. The value of bauxite is generally measured according to the aluminum-silicon ratio. Many bauxites are not worth mining due to their low aluminum-silicon ratio and high production cost. In the existing mineral processing methods, bauxite cannot be separated by flotation, but can only be separated by gravity separation. However, the existing general gravity separation method is not effective and cannot separate and process bauxite with a relatively low aluminum-silicon ratio. These bauxites with a relatively low aluminum-silicon ratio cannot be processed by the existing methods and can only be scrapped. The kinetic energy separation device and method of the present invention can effectively separate and process these scrapped bauxites, increase their aluminum-silicon ratio and turn them into treasure, and regain their mining value. After separation and treatment by the kinetic energy separation device, the effect is very obvious. A part of the silicon dioxide in the bauxite is separated, and the aluminum-silicon ratio of the bauxite will be significantly improved, and these bauxites can be turned into treasure and used. The following is a comparison table of the aluminum-silicon ratio of bauxite before and after a portion of the silicon dioxide in the bauxite is separated using a kinetic energy separation device: Comparison table of aluminum-silicon ratio of a bauxite before and after the separation of part of the silica from the bauxite: By comparison, it can be seen that after a part of the silicon dioxide in the bauxite is separated by the kinetic energy method of powder material sorting, the proportion of silicon content is significantly reduced, and the average aluminum-silicon ratio A / S of the bauxite is increased from 7.36 before treatment to 15.69 after treatment, and the effect is very obvious.

[0050] Innovatively, each of the above effects exists independently, and a set of structures can be used to combine the above results.

[0051] The technical effect achieved by the above structure is clear. If no additional technical solutions are considered, the patent name can also be a sorting structure. Some details are not shown in the figure.

[0052] It should be noted that the multiple solutions provided by this patent include the basic solution itself, which are independent of each other and do not restrict each other, but they can also be combined with each other without conflict to achieve multiple effects together.

[0053] The basic principle, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the protection required.

Claims

1. A device for separating powder materials using kinetic energy, characterized in that: The device comprises a shell, a hopper (1) is located above the shell, a flow regulating valve (2) is located below the hopper, and a lower barrel (5) is connected to the hopper; The subsequent options are any of the following: The side of the material discharge barrel (5) includes an air compressor (26), which is connected to an air storage tank (24) via a compressed air stop valve (25), and the air storage tank (24) is connected to one or more valves, and then a pipeline is passed into the interior of the material discharge barrel (5) and arranged downward, and its end includes an air nozzle (27); the lower part of the material discharge barrel includes a flow-guiding spraying upper plate (19), and a flow-guiding spraying channel is provided between the flow-guiding spraying upper plate (19) and the flow-guiding spraying lower plate (20), and the outer side of the channel is a material collecting device (10) in the shape of a circular ring groove disk; The side of the lower material barrel (5) includes a gas storage tank (33), and one side of the gas storage tank (33) includes a natural gas inlet (35) and a natural gas charging valve (34). The gas storage tank (33) is subsequently connected to one or more valves and a mixer (36); the mixer (36) is also connected to an air intake fan (29) and a pipeline; the mixer (36) is connected to the pipeline and passes into the middle of the lower material barrel (5), and the part where the connecting pipeline passes into the lower material barrel (5) and extends into the combustion mixed gas nozzle (37); the lower material barrel (5) also includes an electric spark plug (28); the lower part of the lower material barrel (5) includes a guide spray upper plate (19), and the guide spray channel is between the guide spray upper plate (19) and the guide spray lower plate (20), and the outer side of the channel is a ring-shaped disc-shaped collecting device (10).

2. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material collecting device (10) comprises a plurality of grooves, each groove being a material collecting groove (12), wherein at least one of the material collecting grooves (12) is an annular depression, and at least one of the material collecting grooves (12) is arranged in a concentric circle; and at least one discharge port (16) is included at the lowest position on each of the circular depressions.

3. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material collecting device (10) in scheme A includes a circle of retaining walls to prevent the material from falling out.

4. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material collecting device (10) in scheme B includes a circle of baffle walls and the baffle walls also include a horizontal wall, and the horizontal wall and the upper plate (19) of the guide spraying material are airtightly arranged above; and also include an exhaust pipe (42) passing through the horizontal wall.

5. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In addition to being connected to the interior of the material collecting device (10), the exhaust pipe (42) is also connected to the combustion and explosion chamber inside the lower barrel (5). The exhaust pipe (42) is connected to the manual valve (41) and the electric exhaust valve (40), and is connected to the filtering and purifying device (39) and the exhaust fan (38). After the combustion and explosion are completed and the material is ejected, there is a large amount of combustion and explosion waste gas in the combustion and explosion chamber and the material collecting device (10). At this time, the exhaust fan (38), the manual valve (41) and the electric exhaust valve (40) are opened, and the waste gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, passes through the filtering and purifying device (39), and is purified by activated carbon adsorption, and is discharged into the atmosphere after meeting the standards.

6. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In schemes A and B, the upper plate (19) for guiding and spraying, the lower plate (20) for guiding and spraying, and the connecting support block (48) are connected by screws to form an integral guiding and spraying device, and the material is guided from the cavity flow channel and sprayed to the surroundings.

7. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In scheme A, the gas storage tank (24) is connected to the pressure regulating valve filter (23), the pressure regulating valve filter (23) is connected to the flow valve (22) through a pipeline, and the flow valve (22) is connected to the gate valve (21) through a pipeline; a conical guide wall is arranged on the inner wall of the discharge barrel (5), and a gap is included between the guide wall and the air nozzle (27), and the material is guided into the gap and then driven by the air flow to fall rapidly into the material channel of the guide spraying device; in scheme B, the exhaust pipe (42) is connected to the manual valve (41), the electric exhaust valve (40), the filter purification device (39) and the exhaust fan (38); the inlet of the mixer (36) is also connected to the inlet valve of the combustible gas The combustible gas intake valve (31) is connected to the pressure reducer valve (32), the natural gas storage tank (33), and the natural gas charging valve (34); the air intake valve (53) is connected to the air filter (52) and the air intake fan (29); the outlet of the mixer (36) is connected to the mixed gas valve (30), and the outlet of the mixer (36) leads to the combustible mixed gas nozzle (37); the combustible mixed gas nozzle (37) is a curved arc, and the mouth of the curved arc faces downward; the middle part of the lower material barrel (5) corresponding to the guide spray lower plate (20) includes a protrusion; the protrusion can guide the airflow to the material channel (14) on the side.

8. The device for separating powder materials by using kinetic energy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The material collecting device (10) includes a collecting auxiliary device below the discharge port (16), and the collecting auxiliary device is as follows: the inner space of the innermost collecting auxiliary device accommodating portion (45) is connected to the annular hollow sandwich wall (44); the sandwich wall (44) includes more than one threaded material receiving pipe (43), and the threaded material receiving pipe (43) on the sandwich wall (44) is connected to the discharge port on the innermost circle groove for collecting the material in the innermost circle; it also includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device, the outer material collecting auxiliary device includes an outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating portion (47), and the outer material collecting auxiliary device accommodating portion (47) extends more than one hose (46), the end of the hose is a threaded material receiving pipe (43), and the threaded material receiving pipe (43) at the end of the hose is connected to the discharge port in the outer circle groove.

9. A method for separating powder materials using kinetic energy, characterized in that: Using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Generate high-kinetic energy and high-speed fluid, which is ejected through a specific diversion channel and outlet and falls on the bottom of the collection device, forming different displacements and falling positions, thus realizing the sorting of various powder minerals and the sorting and grading of powder granular materials; The device of the present invention is composed of three parts: a high-speed fluid generating device, a diversion spraying device and a material collecting device; the high-speed fluid generating device is used to exert external force on the sorted material to generate high kinetic energy to form a high-speed fluid; the diversion spraying device is used to form a higher speed and kinetic energy at the outlet through a dedicated diversion channel and spray it in the correct direction; the material collecting device is used to sort and collect different materials scattered at different areas at the bottom thereof; According to the different forms of the device for generating high-speed fluid, the embodiments of the present invention are divided into different forms: the first is to use high-pressure gas jet to generate high-speed fluid to sort powder materials; the second is to use gas fuel explosion to generate shock waves to form high-speed fluid to sort powder materials; The common characteristics are: applying external force to the powder material to do work, so that the speed and kinetic energy of the material increase sharply, generating high-speed fluid with high kinetic energy, and then using the displacement generated by the high-speed fluid and the different locations of different materials to sort the materials; Using high-pressure gas jets to generate high-speed fluid for sorting The high-pressure gas is produced by an air compressor (26). An air compressor (26) with a suitable air pressure level and gas output is selected. The compressed air produced is stored in an air storage tank (24). The high-pressure air is ejected from an air nozzle (27) through a pipeline and a gas flow valve (22), a pressure regulating valve filter (23), and a gate valve (21). The air nozzle (27) is arranged at the center of the lower barrel (5). The air pressure and flow of the high-pressure gas are controlled by the gas pressure regulating valve filter (23) and the flow valve (22). A check valve (18) of the flow regulating valve (2) is arranged between the hopper (1) and the lower barrel (5). The flow regulating valve (2) adjusts the feed amount by changing the flow area. The check valve (18), i.e., a one-way valve, ensures that the material can only flow downward but not upward, thereby preventing the material and the high-pressure gas in the lower barrel (5) from being blown out in the opposite direction because their pressure is greater than the pressure in the upper hopper (1). The high-pressure gas blows the material to generate a high-speed fluid, and the high-pressure gas entrains the material, flows from the lower barrel (5) through the diversion spray device, and is sprayed out at a high speed from the gap outlet, and the material is scattered at different areas on the collection device to achieve material sorting and collection; The diversion spraying device is connected to the discharge barrel (5); the inner cavity after the diversion spraying upper plate (19) is connected to the diversion spraying lower plate (20) and the connecting support block (48) forms a high-speed fluid material channel; the material inlet cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion spraying device is not less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the material gap outlet; the speed of the material when it is sprayed out of the outlet is not less than the speed at the material inlet of the diversion spraying device; The feed amount of powder material (controlled by the flow control valve (2)) is closely related to the pressure and intake volume of compressed air (controlled by the pressure regulating valve filter (23) and the flow valve (22)). Only by selecting the appropriate feed amount, intake volume and pressure parameters can an ideal high-speed flow of gas material be formed. Using gas fuel to generate high-speed fluid for sorting Drawing on the working principle of gas fuel engines (spark ignition), the gas fuel used can be natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, coal gas, hydrogen and other gas fuels; In a gas fuel supply system, natural gas enters a gas storage tank (33) through a natural gas charging valve (34); enters a mixer (36) through a pressure reducer valve (32) and an air intake valve (31); air sucked in by an air intake fan (29) is filtered by an air filter (52) and then controlled by an air intake valve (53) to enter the mixer (36); the fuel gas and air are mixed in a certain proportion (the mixing proportion is adjusted by the flow rate of the air intake valve (31) and the air intake valve (53); the mixed gas coming out of the mixer (36) is controlled by a mixed gas valve (30) and sprayed into a combustion chamber from a combustible mixed gas nozzle (37); The powder material in the hopper (1) passes through the flow regulating valve (2) and the electric gate valve (4) and falls into the cavity of the diversion spray device and the channel of the lower barrel (5). When the material level reaches the height of the material level control line (49), the feeding is stopped (the opening and closing of the electric gate valve (4) is controlled by the detection signal of the material level sensor (50)). In this way, the material level of the powder material close to the height of the material level control line (49), the side of the channel of the lower barrel (5), and the electric gate valve (4) form a combustion chamber that can be closed and opened; When the explosion chamber is in a closed state, the combustible mixed gas can be sprayed into it. When the injected gas reaches the set gas volume and pressure, the spraying of the combustible mixed gas into the explosion chamber is stopped; The mixed gas is ignited by an electric spark plug (28), and the explosion shock wave drives the powder material at the bottom to be ejected at high speed from the cavity channel of the guide injection device, and all the materials quantitatively added to the cavity channel are ejected at high speed from the gap outlet, generating a high-speed fluid to perform material sorting; After the explosion is over and the material is ejected, a large amount of explosion waste gas is stored in the explosion chamber and on the upper part of the material collecting device. At this time, the exhaust fan (38) and the electric exhaust valve (40) are turned on, and the waste gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, treated by the filtering and purification device (39), and treated by activated carbon adsorption. After meeting the standards, it is discharged into the atmosphere; a safety valve (51) is arranged on the wall of the discharge barrel (5). When the explosion pressure in the explosion chamber exceeds the set value, the safety valve (51) automatically opens to exhaust gas to ensure safety; the gas fuel explosion method for sorting powder materials is an intermittent explosion sorting; each explosion sorting process goes through four steps: the first step is to add materials, open the electric gate valve (4), open the electric exhaust valve (40), and close the mixed gas valve (30); Step 2: injecting the mixed fuel gas, closing the electric gate valve (4), closing the electric exhaust valve (40), opening the mixed gas valve (30), and adding the material until the height reaches the vicinity of the material level control line (49); Step 3: igniting and detonating the material to eject it at a high speed, igniting the electric spark plug (28), closing the electric gate valve (4), closing the electric exhaust valve (40), and closing the mixed gas valve (30); Step 4: exhausting the exhaust gas, closing the electric gate valve (4), opening the electric exhaust valve (40), and closing the mixed gas valve (30); after one explosion and separation process is completed, the next process is carried out, and the cycle is repeated.

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