Laser peening correcting system and method for thin-wall component of vehicle body of high-speed carrying equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a laser peening shape correcting system and method for a high-speed carrying equipment vehicle body thin-wall component. The laser peening shape correcting system comprises a measuring module, a process design module, an integrated control module, a laser scanning module and a machining workshop. The geometric shape of the thin-wall component to be corrected is obtained through the measurement module and input to the process design module; in the process design module, laser peening correction process parameters of the thin-wall component are designed based on the measured shape and the target shape, and a laser scanning path is generated and transmitted to the integrated control module; in the integrated control module, motion parameters of the laser scanning module are calculated according to the laser scanning path, and a motion instruction is issued; and after receiving the motion instruction, the laser scanning module begins to carry out shape correction processing on the thin-wall component placed in the processing workshop. By means of the system, the problem that the geometrical shape of the vehicle body thin-wall component is out of tolerance due to assembly welding and foreign object collision is effectively solved, and the system has the advantages of being good in controllability, high in shape correcting capacity and the like and has extremely high engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of special machinery manufacturing, and in particular, to a laser shot peening system and method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body. Background Art

[0002] During service, high-speed transport equipment needs to withstand a series of complex loads including air resistance, train wind, crosswind, etc., and has strict drag reduction and airtightness requirements, which places high demands on the manufacturing shape accuracy, structural strength and stiffness of the thin-walled components of the vehicle body. The vehicle body of high-speed transport equipment, especially the driver's cab, is mostly welded with multiple large-sized, complex-shaped integral thin-walled components. Welding deformation is easy to occur during the loading process, affecting the manufacturing accuracy of the vehicle body; and the various complex loads in the service process are also very likely to cause deformation of the vehicle body. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a process method that can achieve efficient and high-performance shape correction of thin-walled components of the high-speed transport equipment body.

[0003] At present, the traditional shaping method based on manual experience can no longer meet the process requirements of large-scale, high-precision and high-performance shaping of complex-surface thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment. A series of shot peening shaping processes represented by mechanical shot peening and laser shot peening are derivative applications of shot peening forming, and the process principles of the two are similar. Laser shot peening uses laser pulses as an energy source to introduce impact pressure, bombarding the surface of the material to form plastic deformation, which can be used to achieve the forming or shaping of the sheet metal. It is a highly flexible cold processing process. Compared with mechanical shot peening, laser shot peening is superior in deformation ability, controllability, mechanical properties, surface quality, etc., and is an effective means to achieve efficient and high-performance shaping of thin-walled components of the body of high-speed transport equipment. In addition, some new shaping processes have emerged in recent years, including laser heat shaping (Wang Xiufeng. Laser shaping technology for sheet metal [J]. Forging Technology, 2012, 37(06): 23-25), creep aging shaping (Zhang Wenzheng, Ren Lianbao, Yu Runkang. Development of vacuum creep shaping furnace for titanium plate [J]. Industrial Furnace, 2011, 33(02): 1-3), vibration aging shaping (Liao Kai, Wu Yunxin, Guo Junkang. Limitations and application of vibration aging in stress reduction of aluminum alloy thick plate [J]. Vibration and Shock, 2012, 31(14): 70-73), electromagnetic shaping (Imbert J, Worswick M. Reduction of a pre-formed radius in aluminium sheet using electromagnetic and conventional forming [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2012, 212(9): 1963-1972), etc. However, they also have their own obvious limitations. For example, laser thermal shaping can easily cause thermal damage to the material, and the surface quality of the workpiece after shaping cannot be guaranteed; creep aging shaping has a significant rebound problem, and there is often a certain amount of springback after shaping, which affects the shaping effect; the research on vibration aging shaping and electromagnetic shaping technology is still in its infancy, and the process mechanism and law are still unclear, and it is impossible to achieve industrial application in a short time. Therefore, laser shot peening shaping technology is the first choice or even the only technical approach for shaping thin-walled components of modern high-speed transport equipment.

[0004] After searching, patent document CN106216842A (application number: CN201610554238.8) discloses a method and device for online control of dimensional accuracy of laser shot peening for welded metal sheets. The laser beam emitted by the laser is transmitted to the welding area of ​​the workpiece through the optical path system, and the water constraint layer covers the welding area to form a constraint layer. Under the action of the laser pulse, a shock wave is formed on the welding surface, and residual compressive stress is generated inside the welded metal sheet, thereby eliminating the welding residual stress. Laser shot peening causes plastic deformation on the surface of the shot peening area of ​​the weldment and a certain depth range, which can achieve the purpose of straightening. However, the method and device involved in this invention are relatively basic and can only be used to align welded parts with simple shapes, and cannot solve the problem of aligning the complex-shaped thin-walled components of the body of high-speed transport equipment.

[0005] Patent document CN106041344A (application number: CN201610682336.X) discloses a laser shot peening shape correction quality control method for aircraft engine brackets, including the following steps: establishing a database of correspondence between laser shot peening shape correction parameters and welding deformation through a big data platform; aircraft engine bracket structure refinement; refined structure welding and laser shot peening shape correction; bracket assembly welding and laser shot peening shape correction; shape correction effect detection. This invention refines the complex aircraft engine bracket into three simple refined structures, and adopts the processing sequence of segmented welding, segmented laser shot peening shape correction, assembly welding, and assembly laser shot peening shape correction to achieve welding deformation correction of the overall bracket structure, but this invention can still only solve the shape correction problem of simple welded parts.

[0006] Patent document CN106270005A (application number: CN201610727385.0) discloses a method and device for blade laser peening correction, which is characterized in that: first, the blade measurement model is aligned with the CAD model by means of a three-dimensional profile scanner, the torsion error and curvature error of the blade are calculated respectively, and transmitted to the computer control system through the data acquisition system, and the laser peening parameters and correction path are determined by data mining to achieve the torsion and bending correction of the blade. The device for implementing the method includes a computer control system, a laser power supply, a laser, a transmission mirror, an absorption layer, a blade, a three-dimensional profile scanner, a data acquisition system, a water coating robot, a water coating robot control system, a blade part robot, and a blade part robot control system. The correction method and device described in the invention can only realize the correction of small-sized blades, and cannot solve the correction problem of large thin-walled parts. In addition, the patent also lacks a clear solution for designing correction process parameters.

[0007] Patent document CN107009021A (application number: CN201710109149.7) discloses a horizontal gantry integral wing wall panel laser shot peening correction device and processing method, the device includes a workbench, a wall panel adsorption structure, a gantry, a crossbeam, a water jet nozzle, a developer nozzle, an optical camera, a laser shot peening unit, a mechanical arm and a system host; the disclosed processing method includes the following steps, firstly, a saturation curve is obtained by a strip laser shot peening test, a database of the correspondence between laser shot peening intensity and bending deflection is established, and the 3D data of the part and the spatial distribution of deformation are measured, and finally, according to the deformation area and deformation distribution characteristics of the part, the ultra-high pressure of laser shot peening is used to apply reverse bending deformation to achieve correction. The technical solution of this invention can eliminate the harmful tensile stress of the surface during milling, and can be applied to the repair of deformed and over-tolerance scrapped parts, improve the yield rate of parts, and manufacture the integral wing wall panel that meets the requirements. However, the invention requires the wing panels to be placed horizontally on a horizontal gantry, and then the laser shot peening of different positions of the wing panels is achieved through the movement of a robotic arm. The invention cannot be used to calibrate the thin-walled components that have been assembled on the vehicle body.

[0008] Patent document CN112207426A (application number: CN202011164150.8) discloses a laser shot peening strengthening-correction method and its integrated device for annular parts, including the following steps: obtaining the average curvature change data of the correction area through the laser shot peening correction test, and establishing a database of the correspondence between laser parameters, shot peening path and average curvature; performing laser shot peening on annular parts with residual compressive stress requirements, obtaining the deformation of the inner hole of the annular parts after laser shot peening, and obtaining the curvature data of each point of the inner hole by the data processing system; the data processing system establishes a correction area for each point of the inner hole that does not meet the accuracy requirements, and calculates the average curvature of the correction area; using the laser parameters and shot peening path obtained by matching the average curvature of the correction area with the database, the correction area of ​​the annular parts is corrected. This invention adjusts the laser process parameters for shot peening correction according to the change of the curvature of the inner hole after shot peening, which can only realize the shape control of the annular parts, and cannot be applied to the correction of thin-walled components of the vehicle body with complex surfaces.

[0009] Limited by the application scenarios and scope of application of various current profiling methods, there is an urgent need for a laser shot peening profiling system and method that can realize the profiling of large-size, complex-surface, thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a laser shot peening shape correction system and method for thin-walled components of the body of high-speed transport equipment, which can perform in-situ shape correction on the thin-walled components of the body, effectively solve the problem of deformation tolerance of the thin-walled components of the body due to assembly welding and impact of foreign objects, and has high process efficiency.

[0011] In one aspect of the present application, a laser shot peening system for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body is provided, comprising: a measurement module M1, a process design module M2, an integrated control module M3, a laser scanning module M4, and a processing workshop M5;

[0012] The measuring module M1 obtains the current geometric profile of a certain type of thin-walled component to be calibrated in the vehicle body based on an optical measuring device, and feeds back the measurement data to the process design module M2;

[0013] The process design module M2 calculates the amount to be calibrated based on the target geometry and the measured geometry fed back by the measurement module M1, performs process design for thin-walled part calibration according to the amount to be calibrated, and generates a laser scanning path to transmit to the integrated control module M3;

[0014] The integrated control module M3 calculates the motion parameters of the optical focusing and correction module and the scanning galvanometer module corresponding to the laser beam impact point according to the laser scanning path generated by the process design module, and sends a motion instruction to the laser scanning module M4;

[0015] The laser scanning module M4 receives the motion command issued by the integrated control module M3, controls the laser generator to emit light, and controls the movement of the optical focusing and shaping module and the scanning galvanometer module to perform laser shot peening shaping processing;

[0016] The processing workshop M5 includes a mobile load-carrying device capable of driving the vehicle body to move forward and backward, and can quickly adjust the area of ​​the vehicle body to be shaped into the coverage range of the laser scanning module M4.

[0017] Preferably, in the process design module M2, the calculated thin-walled component correction amount is the deviation δ between the measured geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be corrected and the discretized nodes of the target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system = Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape; under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w, They are d, The extraction vector of .

[0018] Preferably, in the process design module M2, the process parameter design for the thin-walled part of the vehicle body is implemented based on the process planning software, including the steps of equivalent intermediate variable calibration, shot peening shape correction parameter process planning, and shape correction scheme post-processing; wherein the shot peening shape correction parameter process planning is described as the following mathematical optimization problem:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error.

[0021] Preferably, the integrated control module M3 includes an industrial computer, main control software and control hardware;

[0022] The components of the industrial computer include a memory, a processor, and a main control software stored in the memory and executable on the processor, which is directly connected to the control hardware to control the operation of each module and the interaction between different modules;

[0023] The main control software includes an integrated software composed of at least one or more software including measurement module control software, laser scanning module control software and processing workshop control software;

[0024] The control hardware includes PLC, single chip microcomputer and FPGA, which receives the motion parameter files sent by the host computer and is used to realize the integrated centralized control of multiple functions such as in-situ measurement of the profile and laser shot peening.

[0025] Preferably, the laser scanning module M4 includes: the laser generator, the optical focusing and correction module, the scanning galvanometer module and the motion controller module;

[0026] The laser generator is used to output high-energy short-pulse laser required for laser shot peening correction;

[0027] The optical focusing and shaping module is used to dynamically focus and shape the pulsed laser output by the laser generator, so as to ensure that the laser beam can maintain the same spot size and shape when projected at any position of the thin-walled component after passing through the scanning galvanometer module;

[0028] The scanning galvanometer module is used to meet the spatial large-format high-speed dynamic optical scanning requirements of high-energy short-pulse laser beams and high-power indicator beams;

[0029] The motion controller module is used to control the forward and backward translation and synchronous rotation movement of the optical focusing and correction module, and the large-scale spatial scanning movement of the scanning galvanometer module.

[0030] The second aspect of the present application provides a laser shot peening shaping method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body, and uses the laser shot peening shaping system for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body to perform laser shot peening shaping of thin-walled components of the body.

[0031] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step S1: measuring and obtaining the geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be shaped;

[0033] Step S2: Based on the geometric profile and the target shape, the shot peening correction amount is calculated, and correction process parameters are designed;

[0034] Step S3: performing shot peening based on the designed shape correction process parameters to generate a profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction;

[0035] Step S4: Measure the profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction to determine whether it meets the accuracy requirement. If so, end the shape correction process; if not, repeat S1-S3 until the accuracy requirement is met.

[0036] Preferably, step S2 comprises:

[0037] Step S21: Calculate the amount of the thin-walled component to be calibrated according to the geometric profile and target shape measured in step S1. The calculated amount of the thin-walled component to be calibrated is the deviation of the nodes after the measured geometric profile and the discretized target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system. Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector composed of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape;

[0038] Under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w, w ′ They are d, The precipitation vector of

[0039] Step S22: based on the material of the target thin-walled component, calibrate the equivalent intermediate variables corresponding to different process parameter combinations to form a process database for subsequent parameter design; the intermediate variables include inherent strain and inherent moment;

[0040] Step S23: Designing the shaping process parameters corresponding to the target thin-walled component. The design process is to optimize the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, which can be described as the following mathematical optimization problem:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error;

[0043] Step S24: Based on the numerical calculation method, the correctness of the correction parameters obtained in step S23 is verified, and the parameters are post-processed to improve the machinability of the correction parameters.

[0044] Preferably, the mathematical optimization problem of step S23 can be solved by using centralized parameter optimization, distributed parameter optimization, parameter optimization based on topology optimization, and parameter optimization method based on artificial intelligence to obtain the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, and then combined with the calibration results of step S22, determine the actual process parameters at different positions on the surface of the thin-walled component.

[0045] Preferably, in step S4, by measuring the profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction, it is determined whether the accuracy requirement is met. If the accuracy requirement is not met, the shape correction is required again, forming a closed-loop shape correction process method of "measurement-planning-shape correction" for the thin-walled component of the high-speed transport equipment body;

[0046] In step S4, the shape correction is repeatedly performed based on the result of the measurement feedback to ensure that the thin-walled component that needs to be corrected can eventually meet the accuracy requirement.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0048] (1) The present invention uses laser as the energy source. Compared with the traditional artificial hammering method for shaping thin-walled car body parts, the shaping efficiency is high, the deformation ability is strong, and residual stress can be introduced to improve the mechanical properties of the components, and the high-efficiency and high-performance shaping of thin-walled car body components can be achieved;

[0049] (2) The present invention realizes process processing based on the laser dynamic scanning optical path. The coverage of laser scanning is large, and the position of the laser landing point within the coverage range is precisely controllable, which can realize the in-situ shape correction of large thin-walled components without damaging the vehicle body structure;

[0050] (3) The present invention designs process parameters through complete process planning software, which can realize the shape parameter design of thin-walled components of different shapes in different positions such as the driver's cab and the car body, and takes into account both design accuracy and efficiency, avoiding the accuracy and cost problems of manual parameter design;

[0051] (4) The present invention includes a closed-loop process of "measurement-planning-calibration", which can re-calibrate thin-walled parts that still do not meet the accuracy requirements after a single calibration, to ensure that the thin-walled parts can eventually meet the accuracy requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thin-walled component laser shot peening correction system for high-speed transport equipment in one embodiment of the present application and a schematic diagram of the operating logic between the modules.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a process flow chart of a laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment in one embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Figure 3 Detailed process flow chart of a typical columnar wall panel (geometric dimensions 1000×250×4mm3) of an embodiment of the present application, (a) is a comparison diagram of the designed surface and the target surface; (b) is an intensity distribution diagram of the intermediate variable (in this case, the inherent moment) obtained by optimization; (c) is a diagram of the formed wall panel obtained by the laser shot peening forming experiment and the measurement results of the wall panel characteristic line

[0056] In the figure: 1. Optical measuring device; 2. Vehicle body; 3. Mobile load-carrying device; 4. Process planning software; 5. Industrial computer; 6. Laser generator; 7. Optical focusing and correction module; 8. Scanning galvanometer module; 9. Motion controller module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present application is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present application. These all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0058] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a laser shot peening correction system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment, comprising: a measuring module M1, a process design module M2, an integrated control module M3, a laser scanning module M4, and a processing workshop M5, wherein the measuring module M1 obtains the current geometric profile of a certain type of thin-walled component to be corrected in the vehicle body 2 based on an optical measuring device 1, and feeds back the measurement data to the process design module M2; the process design module M2 calculates the amount to be corrected based on the target geometric shape and the measured geometric shape fed back by the measuring module M1, performs process design for the correction of the thin-walled component according to the amount to be corrected, and generates a laser scanning path and transmits it to the integrated control module M3 ; The integrated control module M3 calculates the motion parameters of the optical focusing and shaping module 7 and the scanning galvanometer module 8 corresponding to the laser beam impact point according to the laser scanning path generated by the process design module M2, and sends a motion instruction to the laser scanning module M3; the laser scanning module M4 receives the motion instruction issued by the integrated control module M3, controls the laser generator 6 to emit light, and at the same time controls the movement of the optical focusing and shaping module 7 and the scanning galvanometer module 8 to perform laser shot peening shaping processing; the processing workshop M5 includes a mobile load-carrying device 3 that can drive the vehicle body 2 to move forward and backward, and quickly adjusts the area of ​​the vehicle body 2 to be shaped to the coverage range of the laser scanning module M4.

[0059] After a shaping process is completed, the measuring module M1 measures the geometric shape of the thin-walled component after shaping based on the optical measuring device 1, and determines whether it meets the accuracy requirements. If it does, the shaping is terminated. If it still does not meet the requirements, the above process is repeated based on the measurement results until the thin-walled component meets the accuracy requirements.

[0060] In some specific embodiments, in the process design module M2, the calculated thin-walled component correction amount is the deviation between the measured geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be corrected and the discretized nodes of the target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system. Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape; under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w, They are d, The extraction vector of .

[0061] Further, in the process design module M2, the process parameter design for the thin-walled part of the body 2 is implemented based on the process planning software 4, including the equivalent intermediate variable calibration, shot peening shape correction parameter process planning, and shape correction scheme post-processing steps; wherein, the shot peening shape correction parameter process planning is described as the following mathematical optimization problem:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error.

[0064] Among them, the process planning software 4 implements but is not limited to the above-mentioned equivalent intermediate variable calibration, shot peening shape correction parameter process planning, and shape correction scheme post-processing steps.

[0065] In some specific embodiments, the integrated control module M3 includes an industrial computer 5 and control hardware. The components of the industrial computer 5 include but are not limited to a memory, a processor, and a main control software stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The main control software is directly connected to the control hardware to control the operation of each module and the interaction between different modules. The main control software includes but is not limited to measurement module control software, laser scanning module control software, processing workshop control software, or an integrated software formed by any combination of the above software. The control hardware includes but is not limited to PLC, single-chip microcomputer, FPGA, etc., which receives the motion parameter file sent by the host computer to realize multi-functional integrated centralized control such as in-situ surface measurement and laser shot peening processing.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, in the laser scanning module M4, the laser generator 6 outputs the high-energy short-pulse laser required for laser shot peening and shaping. The optical focusing and shaping module 7 dynamically focuses and shapes the pulsed laser output by the laser generator 6 to ensure that the laser beam can maintain the same spot size and shape when it is projected at any position of the thin-walled component after passing through the scanning galvanometer module 8. Then, based on the scanning galvanometer module 8, large-scale high-speed dynamic optical scanning of the high-energy short-pulse laser beam and the high-power indicator beam is realized in space. The motion controller module 9 controls the forward and backward translation and synchronous rotation movement of the optical focusing and shaping module 7, as well as the large-scale spatial scanning movement of the scanning galvanometer module 8, to realize laser shot peening and shaping processing.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the second aspect of the present application provides a laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0068] Step S1: measuring and obtaining the geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be shaped, that is, measuring the profile of the component to be shaped;

[0069] Step S2: Based on the geometric profile and the target shape, the shot peening correction amount is calculated, and the correction process parameters are designed;

[0070] Step S21: Calculate the amount of thin-walled component to be calibrated according to the geometric profile and target shape measured in step S1, that is, calculate the amount of thin-walled component to be calibrated; the calculated amount of thin-walled component to be calibrated is the deviation of the nodes after the measured geometric profile and the discretized target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system. Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape; under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w, They are d, The precipitation vector of

[0071] Step S22: based on the material of the target thin-walled component, calibrate the equivalent intermediate variables corresponding to different process parameter combinations, i.e., calibrate the intermediate variables, and form a process database for subsequent parameter design; the intermediate variables include but are not limited to inherent strain, inherent moment, etc.; based on the intermediate variable calibration method, establish a mapping relationship between the laser shot peening process parameter combination and the intermediate variables;

[0072] Step S23: Design the shaping process parameters corresponding to the target thin-walled component shaping. The design process is to optimize the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, i.e., process parameter optimization, which can be described as the following mathematical optimization problem:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error.

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the mathematical optimization problem of step S23 can be solved by using centralized parameter optimization, distributed parameter optimization, parameter optimization based on topology optimization, parameter optimization based on artificial intelligence, and the like, to obtain the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, and then combined with the calibration results of step S22, determine the actual process parameters at different positions on the surface of the thin-walled component.

[0076] Step S24: Based on the numerical calculation method, the correctness of the correction parameters obtained in step S23 is verified, and the parameters are post-processed to improve the machinability of the correction parameters, i.e., parameter post-processing.

[0077] Step S3: Shot peening is performed based on the process parameters obtained in step S2 to generate a profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction, i.e., shot peening shape correction.

[0078] Step S4: Measure the profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction to determine whether it meets the accuracy requirements. If so, end the shape correction process; if not, repeat S1-S3 until the accuracy requirements are met, i.e., the profile accuracy evaluation.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, in step S4, the surface contour of the thin-walled component after correction is measured to determine whether it meets the accuracy requirement. If it does not meet the accuracy requirement, it is necessary to correct the shape again, forming a closed-loop correction process method of "measurement-planning-correction" for the thin-walled components of the high-speed transport equipment body.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, repeated corrections are performed based on the measurement feedback results to ensure that the thin-walled components that need correction can eventually meet the accuracy requirements.

[0081] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0082] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A laser shot peening system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment, characterized in that: include: Measurement module M1, process design module M2, integrated control module M3, laser scanning module M4, processing workshop M5; The measuring module M1 obtains the current geometric profile of a certain type of thin-walled component to be calibrated in the vehicle body (2) based on the optical measuring device (1), and feeds back the measurement data to the process design module M2; The process design module M2 calculates the amount to be calibrated based on the target geometry and the measured geometry fed back by the measurement module M1, performs process design for thin-walled part calibration according to the amount to be calibrated, and generates a laser scanning path to transmit to the integrated control module M3; The integrated control module M3 calculates the motion parameters of the optical focusing and correction module (7) and the scanning galvanometer module (8) corresponding to the laser beam impact point according to the laser scanning path generated by the process design module, and sends a motion instruction to the laser scanning module M4; The laser scanning module M4 receives the motion instruction sent by the integrated control module M3, controls the laser generator (6) to emit light, and controls the movement of the optical focusing and shaping module (7) and the scanning galvanometer module (8) to perform laser shot peening shaping processing; The processing workshop M5 includes a mobile load-carrying device (3) capable of driving the vehicle body (2) to move forward and backward, and can quickly adjust the area of ​​the vehicle body (2) to be shaped to be within the coverage range of the laser scanning module M4.

2. The laser shot peening system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the process design module M2, the calculated amount of thin-walled component to be shaped is the deviation between the geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be shaped and the discretized nodes of the target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system. Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape; under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w, w ′ They are d, The extraction vector of .

3. The laser shot peening correction system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the process design module M2, the process parameter design for the thin-walled part of the vehicle body (2) is implemented based on the process planning software (4), including the steps of equivalent intermediate variable calibration, shot peening shape correction parameter process planning, and shape correction scheme post-processing; wherein the shot peening shape correction parameter process planning is described as the following mathematical optimization problem: Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error.

4. The laser shot peening system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The integrated control module M3 comprises an industrial computer (5), main control software and control hardware; The components of the industrial computer (5) include a memory, a processor, and a main control software stored in the memory and executable on the processor, which is directly connected to the control hardware to control the operation of each module and the interaction between different modules; The main control software includes an integrated software composed of at least one or more software including measurement module control software, laser scanning module control software and processing workshop control software; The control hardware includes PLC, single chip microcomputer and FPGA, which receives the motion parameter files sent by the host computer and is used to realize the integrated centralized control of multiple functions such as in-situ measurement of the profile and laser shot peening.

5. The laser shot peening system for thin-walled components of high-speed transport equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser scanning module M4 comprises: the laser generator (6), the optical focusing and correction module (7), the scanning galvanometer module (8) and the motion controller module (9); The laser generator (6) is used to output high-energy short-pulse laser required for laser shot peening and correction; The optical focusing and shaping module (7) is used to dynamically focus and shape the pulsed laser output by the laser generator (6) to ensure that the laser beam can maintain the same spot size and shape when projected onto any position of the thin-walled component after passing through the scanning galvanometer module (8); The scanning galvanometer module (8) is used to meet the spatial large-scale high-speed dynamic optical scanning requirements of a high-energy short-pulse laser beam and a high-power indicator beam; The motion controller module (9) is used to control the forward and backward translation and synchronous rotation movement of the optical focusing and correction module (7), and the large-scale spatial scanning movement of the scanning galvanometer module (8).

6. A laser shot peening method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport vehicle body, characterized in that: The laser shot peening shaping system for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used to perform laser shot peening shaping of thin-walled components of the body.

7. The laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: measuring and obtaining the geometric profile of the thin-walled component to be shaped; Step S2: Based on the geometric profile and the target shape, the shot peening correction amount is calculated, and correction process parameters are designed; Step S3: performing shot peening based on the designed shape correction process parameters to generate a profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction; Step S4: Measure the profile of the thin-walled component after shape correction to determine whether it meets the accuracy requirement. If so, end the shape correction process; if not, repeat S1-S3 until the accuracy requirement is met.

8. The laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: Step S21: Calculate the amount of the thin-walled component to be calibrated according to the geometric profile and target shape measured in step S1. The calculated amount of the thin-walled component to be calibrated is the deviation of the nodes after the measured geometric profile and the discretized target shape in the Cartesian coordinate system. Where d is the vector of node coordinates after the measured geometric contour is discretized. is the vector composed of node coordinates after discretization of the target shape; Under small deformation conditions, it can be simplified to the total deviation of normal deflection Where w is the normal deflection vector of the characteristic point of the measured geometric profile, is the normal deflection vector of the feature point of the target shape, w and w′ are d and The precipitation vector of Step S22: based on the material of the target thin-walled component, calibrate the equivalent intermediate variables corresponding to different process parameter combinations to form a process database for subsequent parameter design; the intermediate variables include inherent strain and inherent moment; Step S23: Designing the shaping process parameters corresponding to the target thin-walled component. The design process is to optimize the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, which can be described as the following mathematical optimization problem: Among them, x is the column vector composed of the intermediate variables applied to each unit after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized, which is the optimization variable; d is the column vector composed of all node displacements after the surface of the thin-walled component is discretized under the condition that the intermediate variable distribution is x; is the column vector composed of discrete nodes describing the target thin-walled component; K is the stiffness matrix of the thin-walled component after discretization; Λ is the equivalent load vector corresponding to the unit intermediate variable; x max is the maximum intermediate variable in the process database; ε is the maximum allowed node error; Step S24: Based on the numerical calculation method, the correctness of the correction parameters obtained in step S23 is verified, and the parameters are post-processed to improve the machinability of the correction parameters.

9. The laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mathematical optimization problem of step S23 can be solved by using centralized parameter optimization, distributed parameter optimization, parameter optimization based on topology optimization, and parameter optimization based on artificial intelligence to obtain the intermediate variable values ​​at various positions on the surface of the thin-walled component, and then combined with the calibration results of step S22, determine the actual process parameters at different positions on the surface of the thin-walled component.

10. The laser shot peening shape correction method for thin-walled components of a high-speed transport equipment body according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S4, by measuring the profile of the thin-walled component after the correction, it is determined whether the accuracy requirement is met. If the accuracy requirement is not met, the correction process needs to be repeated, thus forming a closed-loop correction process method of "measurement-planning-correction" for the thin-walled component of the high-speed transport equipment body; In step S4, the shape correction is repeatedly performed based on the result of the measurement feedback to ensure that the thin-walled component that needs to be corrected can eventually meet the accuracy requirement.

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