Throttling refrigerator and throttling refrigeration detector

Abstract

The invention provides a throttling refrigerator which comprises a heat exchange pipe, a throttling element, a pre-cooling stage expansion cavity and a refrigeration stage expansion cavity, the air inlet end of the heat exchange pipe is externally connected with a refrigeration gas working medium air source, and the air outlet end of the heat exchange pipe is connected with the throttling element; the throttling element is provided with a first throttling hole and a second throttling hole which are communicated with the pre-cooling-stage expansion cavity and the refrigerating-stage expansion cavity respectively, the heat exchange pipe is located in the pre-cooling-stage expansion cavity, and the refrigerating-stage expansion cavity is communicated with the atmosphere. A single-stage throttling refrigerator structure is adopted in an overall frame of the throttling refrigerator, one-way injection of the single-stage throttling refrigerator is changed into two-way injection, compared with the single-stage throttling refrigerator, the throttling refrigerator structure is additionally provided with a refrigeration-stage expansion cavity with the constant atmospheric pressure, and the time for cooling the refrigerator to the target temperature can be shortened; compared with a two-stage jet type throttling refrigerator, the refrigerator structure eliminates a refrigeration-stage air source and a refrigeration-stage heat exchange tube, optimizes the air inlet flow of the whole machine, and reduces the assembly difficulty of the whole machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of throttling refrigeration, and in particular relates to a throttling refrigerator and a throttling refrigeration detector. Background Art

[0002] Throttling cooling detectors are widely used in air-to-air and air defense missiles due to their small size and short cooling time. The development direction of the new generation of infrared focal plane detectors is Swap3 (small size, low weight, high performance, low power consumption and low cost). Generally, medium-wave detectors have limited anti-interference capabilities, while long-wave detectors have superior anti-interference capabilities. However, long-wave detector chips often require a temperature of 80K or lower. Single-stage throttling coolers using conventional working fluids cannot meet the requirement of rapid cooling to 80K within 5s. Based on this, a two-stage jet throttling cooler was developed that can meet the requirements of rapid cooling and a final temperature below 80K.

[0003] The existing two-stage ejection throttling refrigerator mainly includes a precooling stage air source, a refrigeration stage air source, an inner cooling finger, a precooling stage heat exchange tube, a refrigeration stage heat exchange tube, a heat exchange tube, a mandrel, a precooling stage throttle valve, a refrigeration stage throttle valve and connecting pipelines, etc. The precooling stage heat exchange tube is fixed on the mandrel by spiral winding. Generally, the precooling gas source and the refrigeration gas source are opened at the same time, and flow through the precooling heat exchange tube and the refrigeration heat exchange tube respectively. The gas in the precooling heat exchange tube reaches the precooling throttle valve and then ejects out to form low-temperature and low-pressure reflux gas. The low-temperature reflux gas flows through the external fins of the precooling heat exchange tube and the refrigeration heat exchange tube, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature incoming gas in the precooling heat exchange tube and the refrigeration heat exchange tube before being discharged to the environment. In this way, the high-temperature incoming gas is continuously cooled by the low-temperature reflux gas, so that the gas working medium in the precooling heat exchange tube can be throttled at a lower temperature to obtain a lower refrigeration temperature. The low-temperature reflux gas after the precooling throttling can also cool the gas in the refrigeration throttling valve, that is, precooling is formed, so that the gas before the refrigeration throttling can reach a lower temperature, so that the refrigeration throttling can be reduced to 80K faster, which meets the required working temperature of the detector chip. However, the overall structure of the existing two-stage ejection throttling refrigerator is relatively complex, and the assembly is more complicated. At the same time, it must supply gas in two ways at the same time, which greatly limits its application occasions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a throttling refrigerator which can at least solve some of the defects existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A throttling refrigerator comprises a heat exchange tube, a throttling element, a precooling stage expansion chamber and a refrigeration stage expansion chamber, the air inlet end of the heat exchange tube is externally connected to a refrigerant gas working medium source, and the air outlet end thereof is connected to the throttling element, the throttling element has a throttling hole 1 and a throttling hole 2 which are respectively connected to the precooling stage expansion chamber and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber, the heat exchange tube is located in the precooling stage expansion chamber, and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber is connected to the atmosphere.

[0007] Furthermore, the aperture of the throttling hole 1 is larger than the aperture of the throttling hole 2.

[0008] Furthermore, the throttling refrigerator further comprises a core shaft, and the heat exchange tube is wound around the core shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the throttling refrigerator further comprises an inner cooling finger sleeved on the outside of the core shaft, the space between the inner cooling finger and the core shaft constitutes the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber, and the throttling element is arranged on the top of the inner cooling finger.

[0010] Furthermore, the throttling refrigerator further comprises an external cooling finger sleeved outside the internal cooling finger, and the space between the external cooling finger and the internal cooling finger constitutes the refrigeration stage expansion chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, a cold plate is arranged on the top of the external cooling finger, and the second throttling hole is arranged opposite to the cold plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the throttling element has a chamber connected to the air outlet end of the heat exchange tube, and the throttling hole 1 and the throttling hole 2 are both connected to the chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the throttling refrigerator further comprises a bottom flange and an air inlet, wherein the air inlet is arranged on the bottom flange, the air inlet end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the air inlet, and the air inlet is connected to an external air source.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also provides a throttling cooling detector, including the above-mentioned throttling cooler, a detector chip and a Dewar for encapsulating the throttling cooler and the detector chip, and the detector chip is arranged in the cooling area of ​​the throttling refrigeration stage gas ejected from the throttling hole 2 of the throttling element.

[0015] Furthermore, the detector chip is arranged facing the throttling hole 2 of the throttling element.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The overall framework of the throttling refrigerator provided by the present invention adopts a single-stage throttling refrigerator structure, and changes the one-way injection of the single-stage throttling refrigerator into a two-way injection. Compared with the single-stage throttling refrigerator, the throttling refrigerator structure of the present invention adds a refrigeration stage expansion chamber with a constant pressure of atmospheric pressure, which can shorten the time for the refrigerator to drop to the target temperature; and compared with the two-stage injection throttling refrigerator, the refrigerator structure of the present invention eliminates the refrigeration stage air source and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, optimizes the air intake process of the whole machine, and reduces the difficulty of assembling the whole machine.

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the throttling refrigerator of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Refrigeration gas source; 2. Bottom flange; 3. Air inlet; 4. Core shaft; 5. Heat exchange tube; 6. Internal cooling finger; 7. External cooling finger; 8. Pre-cooling stage expansion chamber; 9. Throttling element; 10. Refrigeration stage expansion chamber; 11. Cold plate; 12. Throttling hole 2; 13. Throttling hole 1; 14. Dewar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a conflicting connection or an integral connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a throttling refrigerator, including a heat exchange tube 5, a throttling element 9, a precooling stage expansion chamber 8 and a refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10. The air inlet end of the heat exchange tube 5 is externally connected to a refrigerant gas source 1, and the air outlet end thereof is connected to the throttling element 9. The throttling element 9 has a throttling hole 13 and a throttling hole 2 12 respectively connected to the precooling stage expansion chamber 8 and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10. The heat exchange tube 5 is located in the precooling stage expansion chamber 8, and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10 is connected to the atmosphere. Among them, the heat exchange tube 5 can be selected but not limited to a fin tube structure; the throttling element 9 can be adopted but not limited to a throttle valve.

[0026] During operation, the refrigerant gas source 1 is turned on, and the refrigerant gas outputted therefrom flows through the heat exchange tube 5, and is split after reaching the throttling element 9. A portion of the refrigerant gas is ejected from the throttling hole 13 on the throttling element 9 to form a throttling precooling gas that enters the precooling expansion chamber 8, and another portion of the refrigerant gas is ejected from the throttling hole 2 12 on the throttling element 9 to form a throttling refrigeration gas that enters the refrigeration expansion chamber 10. Since the refrigeration expansion chamber 10 is connected to the atmosphere, its pressure always maintains atmospheric pressure, and thus after the throttling refrigeration gas enters the refrigeration expansion chamber 10, There will be no slowing down of the cooling rate at the boiling point, thereby shortening the time for the refrigerator to reach the target temperature and achieving the purpose of rapid cooling in the low-temperature zone; and at the same time, when the throttling precooling stage gas enters the precooling stage expansion chamber 8, the pressure in the precooling stage expansion chamber 8 increases, and the throttling cycle is limited, resulting in a higher temperature of the gas entering the precooling stage expansion chamber 8, thereby extending the time for the refrigerator precooling stage temperature to drop to the same temperature as the refrigeration stage (i.e., the target temperature); therefore, as long as the cooling capacity generated by the refrigerant gas working fluid is large enough and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tube is high, the throttling refrigerator can meet the demand.

[0027] Specifically, the throttling element 9 has a chamber connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange tube 5, and the throttling hole 13 and the throttling hole 2 12 are both connected to the chamber, so that the refrigeration stage pre-throttling gas and the pre-cooling stage pre-throttling gas are both located in the same chamber of the throttling element 9 before injection, forming a gas-coupled injection, and the throttling pre-cooling stage gas in the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber 8 pre-cools the refrigerant gas working medium in the heat exchange tube 5, and also pre-cools the refrigeration stage pre-throttling gas, thereby improving the refrigeration stage throttling refrigeration effect.

[0028] Optimally, the diameter of the throttling hole 13 of the throttling element 9 is designed to be larger than the diameter of the throttling hole 2 12 , so that the gas mass flow rate diverted by the throttling element 9 into the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber 8 is greater than the gas mass flow rate entering the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10 .

[0029] Optionally, the throttling refrigerator of the present embodiment further includes a core shaft 4 and cold fingers, the cold fingers including an inner cold finger 6 and an outer cold finger 7 which are arranged at intervals inside and outside, the inner cold finger 6 is located between the core shaft 4 and the outer cold finger 7, the heat exchange tube 5 is arranged between the core shaft 4 and the inner cold finger 6, and the heat exchange tube 5 is wound around the surface of the core shaft 4, the space between the inner cold finger 6 and the core shaft 4 constitutes the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber 8, the space between the outer cold finger 7 and the inner cold finger 6 constitutes the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10, and the throttling element 9 is arranged at the top of the inner cold finger 6. The high-pressure refrigerant gas working medium outputted from the refrigerant gas working medium source 1 flows through the heat exchange tube 5, and through the throttling refrigeration effect of the throttling element 9, the throttling pre-cooling stage gas ejected through the throttling hole 13 is in the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber 8, which can cool the high-pressure refrigerant gas working medium in the heat exchange tube 5, and the throttling refrigeration stage gas ejected through the throttling hole 2 12 is in the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10, and cools the optoelectronic components such as chips and cold screens, and then enters the atmosphere. Since the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10 is connected to the atmosphere, the flow resistance of the throttling refrigeration stage gas flowing into the atmosphere is small, thereby increasing the pressure difference before and after throttling of the throttling element 9 on one side of the refrigeration stage expansion chamber 10, thereby enhancing the throttling refrigeration effect.

[0030] Preferably, the inner cooling finger 6 and the core shaft 4 are designed to be arranged tangentially to the heat exchange tube 5, thereby reducing the gap space among the inner cooling finger 6, the heat exchange tube 5 and the core shaft 4, and improving the cooling effect of the throttling precooling stage gas ejected from the throttling hole 13 on the high-pressure refrigerant gas in the heat exchange tube 5 in the precooling stage expansion chamber 8.

[0031] Optionally, a cold plate 11 is provided on the top of the external cooling finger 7 for carrying optoelectronic components such as chips and cold screens that need to be cooled. Preferably, the cold plate 11 is arranged directly above the throttling hole 12, so that the throttling refrigeration-grade gas ejected from the throttling hole 12 is directly facing the cold plate 11, thereby improving the cooling effect on the optical components on the cold plate 11.

[0032] Optionally, the above-mentioned throttling refrigerator also includes a bottom flange 2 and an air inlet 3, the bottom flange 2 is arranged below the core shaft 4, the air inlet 3 is arranged on the bottom flange 2, the air inlet 3 is externally connected to a refrigerant gas working medium source 1, the air inlet end of the heat exchange tube 5 is connected to the air inlet 2, and the high-pressure refrigerant gas working medium output by the refrigerant gas working medium source 1 enters the heat exchange tube 5 through the air inlet 2.

[0033] In addition, the present embodiment also provides a throttling cooling detector, including the above-mentioned throttling refrigerator, a detector chip, and a dewar 14 for encapsulating the throttling refrigerator and the detector chip, wherein the detector chip is arranged in the refrigeration area of ​​the throttling refrigeration-grade gas ejected from the throttling hole 12 of the throttling element 9. Preferably, the detector chip is placed on a cold plate 11 arranged opposite to the throttling hole 12. The throttling refrigerator adopts a conical structure, and the throttling refrigerator realizes rapid cooling through components such as a heat exchange structure and a throttling element. The throttling refrigeration-grade gas ejected from the throttling hole 12 of the throttling element takes away the surrounding heat, thereby realizing cooling of the detector chip.

[0034] To sum up, the overall framework of the throttling refrigerator provided by the present invention adopts a single-stage throttling refrigerator structure, and changes the one-way injection of the single-stage throttling refrigerator into a two-way injection. Compared with the single-stage throttling refrigerator, the throttling refrigerator structure of the present invention adds a refrigeration stage expansion chamber with a constant pressure at atmospheric pressure, which can shorten the time for the refrigerator to drop to the target temperature; compared with the two-stage injection throttling refrigerator, the refrigerator structure of the present invention eliminates the refrigeration stage air source and the refrigeration stage heat exchange pipe, optimizes the air intake process of the whole machine, and reduces the difficulty of assembling the whole machine.

[0035] The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. All designs that are the same or similar to the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A throttling refrigerator, characterized in that: It includes a heat exchange tube, a throttling element, a pre-cooling stage expansion chamber and a refrigeration stage expansion chamber. The air inlet end of the heat exchange tube is externally connected to a refrigerant gas working medium source, and the air outlet end thereof is connected to the throttling element. The throttling element has a throttling hole 1 and a throttling hole 2 which are respectively connected to the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber. The heat exchange tube is located in the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber, and the refrigeration stage expansion chamber is connected to the atmosphere.

2. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the throttling hole 1 is larger than the aperture of the throttling hole 2.

3. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a core shaft, and the heat exchange tube is wound around the core shaft.

4. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an inner cooling finger sleeved on the outside of the core shaft, the space between the inner cooling finger and the core shaft constitutes the pre-cooling stage expansion chamber, and the throttling element is arranged on the top of the inner cooling finger.

5. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an outer cooling finger sleeved outside the inner cooling finger, and the space between the outer cooling finger and the inner cooling finger constitutes the refrigeration stage expansion chamber.

6. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cold plate is arranged on the top of the external cooling finger, and the second throttling hole is arranged opposite to the cold plate.

7. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The throttling element has a chamber connected to the air outlet end of the heat exchange tube, and the throttling hole 1 and the throttling hole 2 are both connected to the chamber.

8. The throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a bottom flange and an air inlet, wherein the air inlet is arranged on the bottom flange, the air inlet end of the heat exchange tube is connected to the air inlet, and the air inlet is connected to an external air source.

9. A throttling refrigeration detector, characterized in that: It comprises the throttling refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, a detector chip and a dewar for encapsulating the throttling refrigerator and the detector chip, wherein the detector chip is arranged in the refrigeration area of ​​the throttling refrigeration stage gas ejected from the throttling hole 2 of the throttling element.

10. The throttling cooling detector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The detector chip is arranged facing the throttling hole 2 of the throttling element.

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