Rock breaking equipment and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock blasting, and particularly relates to rock breaking equipment and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, and the rock breaking equipment comprises a Dewar tank, an infusion platform, a control platform and a blasting cartridge; the chassis is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform, and the part, away from one side, of the bottom of the infusion platform is connected with the chassis through a hydraulic push rod assembly, so that the infusion platform is overturned and laterally inclined on the chassis; after infusion is completed, a worker immediately controls the lifting device to be started, the lifting rod drives the rotating rod to descend, the rotating rod drives the blasting cartridge to descend and be inserted into the blast hole through clamping of the clamping rod and the square hole, the blasting cartridge which is just filled with liquid oxygen can be immediately inserted into the blast hole, and due to the fact that the internal space of the blast hole is small, the contact range of the blasting cartridge and the outside is reduced; the amount of gasified liquid oxygen in the blasting cartridge is reduced, and the accuracy degree of the liquid oxygen during blasting is improved, so that the blasting effect is improved, and the rock breaking effect is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rock blasting, and in particular relates to a rock breaking device and method based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology and the emphasis on environmental protection, people are paying more and more attention to finding mining technologies that can replace traditional explosives. The use of explosives in traditional mining processes not only pollutes the environment, but also poses safety hazards. Gas expansion blasting equipment is a mining technology that replaces traditional explosives. Gas expansion blasting equipment is a technology that mines rocks by compressing and releasing internal air. It uses the properties of rocks under temperature and pressure changes to cause the rocks to crack, thereby achieving rapid and safe mining. The gases used include oxygen or carbon dioxide. When industrial oxygen is used for rock breaking, the basic principle is to use liquid oxygen as an oxidant, inject it into the blasting tube in advance, spray the liquid oxygen into the blasting hole, mix it with the combustible paper with adsorption effect in the blasting tube and ignite it, or use the remotely controlled igniter in the blasting tube to ignite it, quickly burn to produce high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and heat the liquid oxygen that does not participate in the reaction at the same time. The liquid oxygen changes from liquid to gas in an instant, releasing a large amount of heat and gas, generating high-pressure and high-temperature shock waves, and then breaking the rock; But in actual use, we encounter the following problems: If the blasting tube is conventionally inserted into the blasthole, the rock breaking position is determined according to the depth of the blasthole; during the process of drilling the blasthole by the drill, the rock fragments in the blasthole will fall into the blasthole. If the blasthole is deep, it is difficult to clean out these fallen fragments, so the depth of the blasthole is usually deep; this will cause the rock breaking position of the blasting tube to be unable to be fixed more accurately, affecting the blasting effect and rock breaking work; After liquid oxygen is poured into the blasting tube, if the blasting tube has not been installed for a long time or is during installation, the blasting tube will be affected by the low temperature of the liquid oxygen and exchange heat with the outside world, causing the liquid oxygen in the blasting tube to vaporize, reducing the amount of liquid oxygen during blasting and affecting the blasting effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a rock breaking device and method based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the present invention proposes a rock breaking device and method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, including a dewar tank, an injection platform, a control platform and a blasting tube; and also includes: The chassis is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform, and the part of the bottom of the infusion platform away from one side is connected to the chassis through a hydraulic push rod assembly, so that the infusion platform can be turned over and tilted on the chassis; a lifting device is installed in the infusion platform, and a lifting rod is provided at the bottom of the lifting device, and a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod, and the rotating rod is connected to a motor arranged on the lifting rod; a clamping rod is hinged at one end of the bottom of the rotating rod through a torsion spring, and one end of the clamping rod passes through a square hole opened at the top of the blasting tube, and a ratchet is hinged at the other end of the bottom of the rotating rod through a torsion spring, and the ratchet and one end of the clamping rod are mutually engaged, and one end of a hanging rope arranged on one side of the ratchet is located outside the blast hole; The support rod is hinged to the surface of the blasting tube through a torsion spring, and the support rod is evenly arranged near the top and bottom of the blasting tube. The support rod is arranged in a ring-shaped distribution, and the support rod faces the bottom of the blasting tube; a hook is provided at the bottom of the first blasting tube, and the hook passes through the square hole at the top of the second blasting tube.

[0005] Preferably, a swivel is evenly sleeved on the surface of the blasting tube, a ball is provided between the swivel and the blasting tube, the swivel and the blasting tube are rotatably connected via a roller, and a support rod is hinged to the outer ring of the swivel via a torsion spring, and the support rod is annularly distributed on the outer ring of the swivel; an annular groove is provided in the middle position of the swivel, a supporting sub-rod is hinged on the surface of the blasting tube via a torsion spring, and one end of the supporting sub-rod passes through the annular groove and is close to one end of the supporting rod; a supporting groove is provided in the supporting sub-rod, and a supporting plate is provided on one side of the support rod, and one end of the supporting plate passes through the supporting groove and is away from the supporting sub-rod.

[0006] Preferably, one end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is hinged to the first and second blocks respectively through a torsion spring, and one end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is located in the first and second blocks respectively, and one end of the support rod and the support sub-rod is a sharp end.

[0007] Preferably, a conveying ring is sleeved on the blasting tube, and the conveying ring is slidably connected to the blasting tube; a water pipe is provided in the conveying ring, and one end of the water pipe is close to the No. 1 shift block and faces the inner wall of the blasthole; a water hole is provided in the conveying ring, and a cooling channel is provided in the blasting tube, and one end of the cooling channel is connected to the water hole, and the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting tube, and a spray hole is provided in the middle part facing the inner wall of the blasthole; the water pipe and the water hole in the conveying ring are connected to the conveying device, and the conveying device conveys water to the water pipe and liquid gas to the water hole.

[0008] Preferably, the surfaces of the No. 1 shift block and the No. 2 shift block are provided with a No. 1 tip block and a No. 2 tip block respectively, and the No. 1 tip block and the No. 2 tip block are in close contact with the inner wall of the blasthole, and the No. 1 tip block and the No. 2 tip block are both facing the top of the blasthole.

[0009] Preferably, the two ends of the cooling channel are located at the top and bottom of the blasting tube, and between adjacent blasting tubes, the cooling channel located at the top is connected to the cooling channel located at the bottom through a connecting pipe.

[0010] Preferably, holes are evenly arranged in the connecting tube, and the holes face the surface of the blasting tube; a pull rope is provided on the top of the conveying ring, and one end of the pull rope is located outside the blast hole.

[0011] Preferably, a pressure relief groove is provided in the support plate, and two pressure relief plates are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove, and the pressure relief plates and the pressure relief groove are hingedly connected by a torsion spring.

[0012] Preferably, a swing plate is provided in the middle of the blasting tube in the infusion platform, and the swing plate is tilted, the swing plate and the infusion platform are hinged by a torsion spring, and a sensor is provided between the swing plate and the surface of the infusion platform.

[0013] A rock breaking method based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen, wherein the steps of the rock breaking method are as follows: S1: Before filling, the worker moves the infusion platform to the top of the blast hole through the chassis, then passes the clamping rod at the bottom of the rotating rod through the square hole at the top of the blasting tube, and uses the ratchet to clamp and fix one end of the clamping rod; after the blasting tube is fixed, the hydraulic push rod assembly lifts up one side of the infusion platform, drives the blasting tube to flip to face the blast hole, and then the infusion platform infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting tube; after the infusion is completed, the worker controls the lifting device to start, and the lifting rod drives the blasting tube that has just been infused with liquid oxygen to immediately insert it into the blast hole; S2: The blasting tube drives the rotating ring to descend in the blasthole, and the rotating ring contacts the inner wall of the blasthole through the support rod; after the blasting tube is at a preset depth in the blasthole, the motor is started, the rotating rod drives the blasting tube to rotate, and the blasting tube drives the supporting auxiliary rod to rotate, and the supporting plate gradually passes through the supporting groove, so that the supporting rod, the supporting plate and the supporting auxiliary rod are connected in sequence to complete the fixing function; S3: The support rod and the supporting auxiliary rod contact the inner wall of the blasthole through the No. 1 shift block and the No. 2 shift block respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the support rod and the supporting auxiliary rod drive the No. 1 shift block and the No. 2 shift block to rotate until they are turned over, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod and the supporting auxiliary rod to insert into the inner wall of the blasthole to fix the position of the blasting tube, and finally detonate and break the rock through the controller.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The rock breaking equipment and method based on the transient phase change of liquid oxygen described in the present invention, after the injection is completed, the worker immediately controls the lifting device to start, the lifting rod drives the rotating rod to descend, and the rotating rod drives the blasting tube to descend and insert into the blast hole through the engagement of the clamping rod and the square hole, so that the blasting tube that has just been injected with liquid oxygen can be immediately inserted into the blast hole. Since the internal space of the blast hole is small, the range of contact between the blasting tube and the outside world is reduced, the amount of gasified liquid oxygen in the blasting tube is reduced, and the accuracy of the liquid oxygen amount during blasting is improved, thereby improving the blasting effect and then improving the rock breaking effect.

[0015] 2. The rock breaking equipment and method based on the transient phase change of liquid oxygen described in the present invention also has flexible and varied ways of connecting blasting tubes. For example, when the first blasting tube is injected and inserted into the blasthole, the first blasting tube is first fixed so that its top is exposed out of the blasthole, thereby reducing the contact range of the first blasting tube with the outside world while waiting for connection and reducing the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization. Then, the second blasting tube is injected and lowered to connect with the top of the first blasting tube. Finally, after the connection is completed, they are inserted into the blasthole together. This installation method facilitates installation while reducing the contact range of the blasting tube with the outside world, improves installation efficiency, and thus improves blasting efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional diagram of the rock breaking device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the state of the blasting tube entering the blast hole after assembly; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional picture of the blasting tube after assembly; Figure 4 is a stereoscopic view of a clamping rod securing a blasting tube through a square hole; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a clamping rod fixing a blasting tube through a square hole; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the state where two blasting tube hooks and square holes are engaged; Figure 7 This is the state diagram of the No. 1 tip block when the blasting tube is rotated and fixed in the blast hole; Figure 8 This is a state diagram of the No. 1 tip block and the No. 2 tip block contacting the inner wall of the blast hole and descending; Fig. 9 is a step diagram of the rock breaking method of the present invention; In the figure: an infusion platform 1, a blasting tube 11, a chassis 12, a hydraulic push rod assembly 13, a lifting device 14, a lifting rod 15, a rotating rod 16, a motor 17, a clamping rod 2, a square hole 21, a ratchet 22, a hanging rope 23, a support rod 24, a hook 25, a swivel 3, a ball 31, a ring groove 32, a supporting auxiliary rod 33, a supporting groove 34, a supporting plate 35, a first shift block 36, a second shift block 37, a conveying ring 4, a water delivery pipe 41, a water delivery hole 42, a cooling channel 43, a spray hole 44, a first tip block 45, a second tip block 46, a connecting pipe 47, a hole 48, a pull rope 49, a pressure relief groove 5, a pressure relief plate 51, and a swing plate 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1: A rock breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, it includes a dewar tank, an infusion platform 1, a control platform and a blasting tube 11; the dewar tank is a conventional pressure vessel for storing, transporting and using liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon or carbon dioxide, the infusion platform 1 is used to infuse liquid oxygen into the blasting tube 11, the control platform is an electrical appliance conventionally used to control liquid oxygen rock breaking equipment, and the blasting tube 11 is a conventional device for inserting into a blasthole to perform liquid oxygen rock breaking; the dewar tank infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting tube 11 through the infusion platform 1, and then inserts the blasting tube 11 into the blasthole, and controls the blasting tube 11 to ignite and detonate through the control platform, so that the liquid oxygen is instantly phase-changed into oxygen to complete the rock breaking work; Also includes: The chassis 12 is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform 1, and the part of the bottom of the infusion platform 1 away from one side is connected to the chassis 12 through a hydraulic push rod assembly 13, so that the infusion platform 1 can be turned over and tilted on the chassis 12; a lifting device 14 is installed in the infusion platform 1, and a lifting rod 15 is provided at the bottom of the lifting device 14, and a rotating rod 16 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod 15, and the rotating rod 16 is connected to a motor 17 arranged on the lifting rod 15; one end of the bottom of the rotating rod 16 is hinged with a clamping rod 2 through a torsion spring, one end of the clamping rod 2 passes through a square hole 21 opened at the top of the blasting tube 11, and the other end of the bottom of the rotating rod 16 is hinged with a ratchet 22 through a torsion spring, the ratchet 22 and one end of the clamping rod 2 are mutually engaged, and one end of a hanging rope 23 arranged on one side of the ratchet 22 is located outside the blasting hole; Support rods 24, the support rods 24 are hinged to the surface of the blasting tube 11 through torsion springs, and the support rods 24 are evenly arranged near the top and bottom of the blasting tube 11, and the support rods 24 are arranged in a circular distribution, and the support rods 24 face the bottom of the blasting tube 11; a hook 25 is provided at the bottom of the first blasting tube 11, and one end of a hanging rope 23 arranged on one side of the hook 25 is located outside the blasting hole, and the hook 25 passes through the square hole 21 at the top of the second blasting tube 11; The hydraulic push rod assembly 13 is a conventional telescopic device, that is, a hydraulic device on a dump truck, which realizes the function of flipping and tilting the infusion platform 1 on the chassis 12 so that the bottom of the blasting tube 11 faces the blasting hole. The lifting device 14 is a conventional lifting electrical appliance, which is used to drive the blasting tube 11 to rise and fall in the blasting hole through the lifting rod 15 and the rotating rod 16, so as to adjust the blasting position; the motor 17 is a conventional electric device with forward and reverse functions; the chassis 12 is used for the movement of the infusion platform 1, and the infusion platform 1 can be moved to the top of the blasting hole through the chassis 12; Specific working process: before filling, the worker moves the infusion platform 1 to the top of the blasthole through the chassis 12, and then passes the clamping rod 2 at the bottom of the rotating rod 16 through the square hole 21 at the top of the blasting tube 11, and uses the ratchet 22 to clamp and fix one end of the clamping rod 2, so that the rotating rod 16 is fixedly connected by the clamping rod 2 and the square hole 21, so that the blasting tube 11 is fixed horizontally or vertically, for example, the blasting tube 11 is fixed horizontally. When the blasting tube 11 is inserted into the blasthole, the descending angle of the blasting tube 11 in the blasthole can still be adjusted by longitudinal swinging, so as to avoid the inner wall of the blasthole being slightly tilted and affecting the installation of the blasting tube 11; after the blasting tube 11 is fixed, the infusion platform 1 is moved forward and backward through the hydraulic push rod assembly 13. The other side of the infusion platform 1 is lifted up, and the other side of the infusion platform 1 is hinged with the chassis 12, so that the infusion platform 1 is turned over at the hinged position, driving the blasting tube 11 to turn over to face the blast hole, and then the infusion platform 1 infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting tube 11; after the infusion is completed, the worker immediately controls the lifting device 14 to start, and the lifting rod 15 drives the rotating rod 16 to descend, and the rotating rod 16 drives the blasting tube 11 to descend and insert into the blast hole through the engagement of the clamping rod 2 and the square hole 21, so that the blasting tube 11 that has just been infused with liquid oxygen can be immediately inserted into the blast hole. Since the internal space of the blast hole is small, the range of contact between the blasting tube 11 and the outside world is reduced, and the amount of gasified liquid oxygen in the blasting tube 11 is reduced, and the accuracy of the liquid oxygen amount during blasting is improved, thereby improving the blasting effect, and then improving the rock breaking effect; Moreover, during the rock breaking work, multiple blast holes will be drilled, which requires multiple blast tubes 11. In actual work, not all blast tubes 11 will be inserted into the blast holes at the same time, and the injection of liquid oxygen must be carried out before the insertion into the blast holes, resulting in the same batch of blast tubes 11 injected with liquid oxygen will vaporize a large amount of liquid oxygen due to the long waiting time, affecting the control accuracy of the liquid oxygen content during rock breaking; therefore, when using the injection platform 1, the worker can inject a blast tube 11 and then insert it into the blast hole, then move the injection platform to the next blast hole, and then inject the next blast tube 11, injecting and inserting one by one in this way, compared with the method of injecting at the same time and then inserting one by one into the blast holes, shortens the storage time of liquid oxygen in the blast tube 11, reduces the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization, is conducive to the workers to control the liquid oxygen content during rock breaking, improves the accuracy of the liquid oxygen amount during blasting, thereby improving the blasting effect, and then improves the rock breaking effect; During the process of the blasting tube 11 descending in the blasthole, the blasting tube 11 contacts the inner wall of the blasthole through the support rod 24, so as to avoid the blasting tube 11 directly rubbing against the inner wall of the blasthole to generate heat, which causes the blasting tube 11 to heat up and reduce the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization; during the process of one end of the support rod 24 descending along the inner wall of the blasthole, the force generated by the torsion spring between the support rod 24 and the blasting tube 11 forces the blasting tube 11 to move away from the inner wall of the blasthole, while the lifting device 14 drives the blasting tube 11 to continue to descend, so that the blasting tube 11 always keeps away from the inner wall of the blasthole when descending, even if it encounters protruding fragments on the inner wall of the blasthole, it can swing through the hinged part of the support rod 24 to achieve the purpose of crossing over, so as to avoid the gravel or protruding fragments on the inner wall of the blasthole from blocking the blasting tube 11, prolong the installation time of the blasting tube 11, thereby improving the blasting efficiency and reducing the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization; Furthermore, when the number of blasting tubes 11 is increased according to the rock breaking effect, the hook 25 at the bottom of the first blasting tube 11 passes through the square hole 21 at the top of the second blasting tube 11, so that the hook 25 and the square hole 21 are engaged, which is the same as the state of the clamping rod 2 engaging the square hole 21, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the number of blasting tubes 11; and the connection method of the blasting tubes 11 is also flexible and changeable. For example, when the first blasting tube 11 is injected and inserted into the blasthole, the first blasting tube 11 is first fixed so that its top is exposed from the blasthole, thereby reducing the contact range of the first blasting tube 11 with the outside world when waiting for connection, and reducing the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization; then, the second blasting tube 11 is injected and lowered to connect with the top of the first blasting tube 11; finally, after the connection is completed, they are inserted into the blasthole together. This installation method is convenient for installation while maintaining the reduction of the contact range of the blasting tube 11 with the outside world, and improves the installation efficiency, thereby improving the blasting efficiency; Moreover, after the installation is completed, the worker pulls the hanging rope 23 outside the blasthole, and the hanging rope 23 pulls the ratchet 22 to swing away from the clamping rod 2, so that the clamping rod 2 is no longer engaged by the ratchet 22 and is away from the square hole 21, thereby achieving the purpose of separating the rotating rod 16 from the blasting tube 11. While facilitating the workers' operation, the actual installation depth of the blasting tube 11 can be calculated by the length of the hanging rope 23 extended into the blasthole, and the data of the blasting position can be provided to the workers, so that the workers can better control the blasting effect, thereby improving the rock breaking effect.

[0020] Embodiment 2: Based on the first embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-5As shown, the surface of the blasting tube 11 is evenly sleeved with a swivel 3, a ball 31 is arranged between the swivel 3 and the blasting tube 11, the swivel 3 and the blasting tube 11 are rotatably connected through a roller, and the support rod 24 is hinged to the outer ring of the swivel 3 through a torsion spring, and the support rod 24 is annularly distributed on the outer ring of the swivel 3; an annular groove 32 is provided in the middle position of the swivel 3, and a supporting sub-rod 33 is hinged on the surface of the blasting tube 11 through a torsion spring, and one end of the supporting sub-rod 33 passes through the annular groove 32 and is close to one end of the supporting rod 24; a supporting groove 34 is provided in the supporting sub-rod 33, and a supporting plate 35 is arranged on one side of the supporting rod 24, and one end of the supporting plate 35 passes through the supporting groove 34 and is away from the supporting sub-rod 33; there are two swivels 3, which are respectively close to the top and bottom of the blasting tube 11, so that the swivel 3 will not affect the rock breaking work of the blasting tube 11; One end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are respectively hinged to the first shift block 36 and the second shift block 37 through a torsion spring, and one end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are respectively located in the first shift block 36 and the second shift block 37, and one end of the support rod 24 and the support auxiliary rod 33 are sharp ends; The blasting tube 11 is sleeved with a conveying ring 4, and the conveying ring 4 is slidably connected to the blasting tube 11; a water pipe 41 is arranged in the conveying ring 4, and one end of the water pipe 41 is close to the No. 1 shift block 36 and faces the inner wall of the blasting hole; a water hole 42 is arranged in the conveying ring 4, and a cooling channel 43 is arranged in the blasting tube 11, and one end of the cooling channel 43 is connected to the water hole 42, and the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting tube 11, and a spray hole 44 is arranged in the middle part facing the inner wall of the blasting hole; the water pipe 41 and the water hole 42 in the conveying ring 4 are connected to the conveying device, and the conveying device conveys water to the water pipe 41 and liquid gas to the water hole 42; the conveying device is a conventional storage device, and water and liquid gas are stored in the conveying device through a storage tank. The type of liquid gas selected is liquid nitrogen, etc., which is sprayed in the blasting hole to dilute oxygen. At the same time, nitrogen is a non-flammable gas. When mixed with oxygen and encountering an open flame, it will not explode, which adds protective measures for liquid oxygen rock breaking work; The first and second shift blocks 36 and 37 are provided with a first and second tip blocks 45 and 46 respectively on their surfaces, and the first and second tip blocks 45 and 46 are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the first and second tip blocks 45 and 46 are both facing the top of the blast hole; Specific workflow: The depth of the blasting tube 11 inserted into the blast hole has a very important influence on the blasting effect; the blasting effect of inserting into the middle of the blast hole and inserting into the bottom of the blast hole is very different, and many situations will be formulated as needed: When the blasting tube 11 is located at the bottom of the blast hole, the blasting energy can directly act on the rock at the bottom of the blast hole to produce the greatest crushing effect; but it may also cause problems such as excessive crushing, easy generation of flying rocks, and increased safety hazards; When the blasting tube 11 is located in the middle of the blasthole, it is more suitable for directional blasting, for example, it is necessary to split the rock in a certain direction instead of completely crushing it; by adjusting the position and angle of the blasting tube 11, the range and direction of the blasting can be controlled; however, if the charge is insufficient or the rock strength is too high, it may result in under-explosion and fail to achieve the expected crushing effect; Therefore, the blasting tube 11 drives the swivel 3 to descend in the blasthole, and the swivel 3 contacts the inner wall of the blasthole through the support rod 24; the blasting tube 11 drives the supporting auxiliary rod 33 to descend in the blasthole together with the supporting auxiliary rod 24. When the supporting auxiliary rod 33 encounters a protruding rock in the blasthole, the supporting auxiliary rod 33 swings in the annular groove 32 with the hinged part as the swing center through the torsion spring until the supporting auxiliary rod 33 passes over; when the hanging rope 23 enters the blasthole to a specified length, the blasting tube 11 is now located at a preset depth in the blasthole, such as the middle or bottom of the blasthole; then, the lifting device 14 is stationary, and the blasting tube 11 is in close contact with the inner wall of the blasthole through the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33. wall, thereby keeping the height fixed; starting the motor 17, the lifting rod 15 drives the rotating rod 16 to rotate through the motor 17, and since the rotating rod 16 and the blasting tube 11 are engaged through the clamping rod 2 and the square hole 21, the rotating rod 16 drives the blasting tube 11 to rotate, and the blasting tube 11 drives the supporting auxiliary rod 33 to rotate, while the supporting rod 24 is in close contact with the inner wall of the blasting hole and is fixed; during the rotation of the blasting tube 11, since the rolling friction between the swivel 3 and the blasting tube 11 is achieved through the ball 31, the effect of frictional heating between the blasting tube 11 and the swivel 3 is reduced, the temperature rise of the blasting tube 11 during the installation process is reduced, and the amount of liquid oxygen vaporization is reduced, thereby improving the blasting effect; The blasting tube 11 drives the supporting auxiliary rod 33 to rotate away from the supporting rod 24, and the supporting plate 35 gradually passes through the supporting groove 34, so that the supporting rod 24, the supporting plate 35 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 are connected in sequence to complete the fixing effect, which plays the effect of isolating the external environment from entering the deep part of the blasthole and affecting the environment inside the blasthole, and provides a better blasting environment for the blasting tube 11, thereby improving the blasting effect and then improving the rock breaking effect; and, during the blasting process, the supporting plate 35 can also block flying rocks, avoid a large number of flying rocks from jumping out and increasing safety hazards, increase protective measures during the blasting process, and improve the safety level; and, the swivel 3 is rotatably connected to the blasting tube 11 through rollers, even if it is damaged during long-term use, workers can complete the assembly through simple operations, and all the components on the swivel 3 are conventional metal components, which are impact-resistant while reducing replacement costs and improving practicality; Furthermore, the support rod 24 and the support sub-rod 33 contact the inner wall of the blasthole through the No. 1 shift block 36 and the No. 2 shift block 37 respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the blasting tube 11 drives the support sub-rod 33 to rotate, and the support sub-rod 33 drives the No. 2 shift block 37 to rotate. When the No. 2 shift block 37 rotates along the inner wall of the blasthole, it is hindered by the friction of the inner wall of the blasthole, so that the No. 2 shift block 37 is turned over, exposing the sharp end of the support sub-rod 33 to contact the inner wall of the blasthole, until the support sub-rod 33 rotates from the first support rod 24 to the second support rod 24. At this time, the support sub-rod 33 continues to rotate, which will drive the swivel 3 and the support rod 24 to rotate together, and the support rod 24 drives the No. 1 The shift block 36 rotates, and the first shift block 36 is also hindered by friction, so that the first shift block 36 and the second shift block 37 are turned over, exposing the sharp end of the support rod 24 to contact the inner wall of the blast hole; then, the lifting device 14 drives the blasting tube 11 to descend, and the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 are gradually inserted into the inner wall of the blast hole obliquely downward, and the position of the blasting tube 11 is fixed by clamping the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 in the inner wall of the blast hole, which is convenient for workers to operate and improve the convenience of use. At the same time, the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 can be used to fix the blasting tube 11, reducing parts, reducing replacement costs, and improving practicality; Moreover, if the blasting tube 11 sinks due to its heavy weight, the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 will be driven to further insert into the inner wall of the blasthole, thereby improving the support and fixation, and preventing the blasting tube 11 from sinking during the process of waiting for blasting after installation, thereby improving the blasting effect; if the blasting tube 11 descends to a depth exceeding the preset depth, the worker can also drive the blasting tube 11 to rise through the lifting device 14, and the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 are in a slanted downward state, so that the rise of the blasting tube 11 will not be hindered or affected, thereby achieving the purpose of flexible adjustment of the blasting tube 11 and improving the convenience of using the rock breaking equipment; The blasting tube 11 drives the conveying ring 4 to descend to a preset depth in the blasthole. During the period of time when the blasting tube 11 is waiting for rock breaking, the conveying device first conveys water to the water pipe 41, and the water pipe 41 sprays water into the rock gaps on the inner wall of the blasthole, so that the rock gaps on the inner wall of the blasthole are filled with water; then, the conveying device conveys liquid gas into the water hole 42, and the liquid gas enters the cooling channel 43. The cooling channel 43 sprays the liquid gas onto the inner wall of the blasthole through the spray hole 44, quickly reducing the temperature of the water on the inner wall of the blasthole and turning it into ice. On the one hand, the ambient temperature in the blasthole is reduced and the vaporization amount of liquid oxygen is reduced. On the other hand, when water penetrates into the rock cracks and freezes at low temperature, the volume will expand, exerting huge pressure on the rock, causing the rock to break, and cooperate with the thermal expansion and contraction effect of the rock, making the rock easier to break, improving the crushing effect, thereby improving the rock breaking effect; Furthermore, when the first and second shift blocks 36 and 37 move along the inner wall of the blasthole, they will drive the first and second sharp blocks 45 and 46 to scrape the rock, causing deep grooves to flow on the surface, increasing the gaps on the inner wall of the blasthole, and cooperating with the above-mentioned auxiliary rock breaking method to further improve the blasting effect; moreover, the first and second sharp blocks 45 and 46 can increase the friction between the first and second shift blocks 36 and 37 and the inner wall of the blasthole, making it easier to shift the first and second shift blocks 36 and 37 when they rotate, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33.

[0021] Embodiment three: Based on the second embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 1-5 As shown, the two ends of the cooling channel 43 are located at the top and bottom of the blasting tube 11, and between adjacent blasting tubes 11, the cooling channel 43 located at the top is connected to the cooling channel 43 located at the bottom through a connecting pipe 47; The connecting tube 47 is evenly provided with holes 48, and the holes 48 face the surface of the blasting tube 11; a pull rope 49 is provided on the top of the conveying ring 4, and one end of the pull rope 49 is located outside the blast hole; Specific working process: when multiple blasting tubes 11 are connected end to end, the connecting tube 47 on the top of the second blasting tube 11 is aligned with one end of the cooling channel 43 at the bottom of the first blasting tube 11, and then connected through a low-temperature-resistant hose to achieve the connection of the cooling channels 43 in the multiple blasting tubes 11, so that each cooling channel 43 can spray low-temperature liquid gas to the inner wall of the blast hole, so as to avoid the rapid evaporation of the first sprayed liquid gas and prevent it from contacting more water on the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby increasing the range of water freezing into ice, increasing the range of action on the rock, and thus improving the blasting effect; When the liquid gas enters the second cooling channel 43 from the first cooling channel 43 through the connecting pipe 47, part of the liquid gas is ejected from the hole 48 and sprinkled on the surface of the blasting tube 11. When the liquid gas flows on the surface of the blasting tube 11, it evaporates and absorbs heat, thereby reducing the surface temperature of the blasting tube 11. The liquid gas flows in the cooling channel 43 to cool the inside of the blasting tube 11, and cools the blasting tube 11 from multiple aspects such as the inside and the outside surface, thereby reducing the vaporization amount of liquid oxygen and improving the blasting effect. In addition, the amount of liquid gas used is much lower than the amount of liquid oxygen used for rock breaking, thereby reducing the use cost. Moreover, compared with liquid oxygen, the liquid gas directly acts on the blast hole, and the use effect is more obvious. When preparing to break the rock, the worker lifts the conveying ring 4 out of the blast hole by pulling the rope 49, so as to avoid more parts being damaged by blasting, reduce replacement costs and improve practicality.

[0022] Embodiment 4: Based on the third embodiment, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Figure 2-8As shown, a pressure relief groove 5 is provided in the support plate 35, and two pressure relief plates 51 are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove 5, and the pressure relief plates 51 are hinged to the pressure relief groove 5 through a torsion spring; A swing plate 6 is provided in the middle of the blasting tube 11 in the infusion platform 1, and the swing plate 6 is tilted. The swing plate 6 and the infusion platform 1 are hinged by a torsion spring. A sensor is provided between the swing plate 6 and the surface of the infusion platform 1; the sensor is a conventional displacement sensor, and the purpose of detecting the flatness of the blasting tube 11 is achieved by detecting the swing angle of the swing plate 6; Specific working process: During the blasting process, if the air pressure generated by the blasting is too large, the high pressure will push open the pressure relief plate 51, so that a gap is formed between the two pressure relief plates 51, thereby achieving the effect of pressure relief, avoiding frequent high pressure forcing the support plate 35 to deform, extending the service life of the support plate 35, and improving practicality; and after the pressure relief work is completed, the two pressure relief plates 51 are affected by the torsion spring to reset and close again. While the pressure relief work is being performed, the gap between the two pressure relief plates 51 can block a large number of rocks, and can be closed immediately after the pressure relief, thereby avoiding more gravels from splashing; Furthermore, before the blasting tube 11 is injected, the injection position is moved and adjusted on the injection platform 1, the middle part of the blasting tube 11 passes through the swing plate 6, and one side of the swing plate 6 contacts the blasting tube 11; when the blasting tube 11 is skewed as a whole, the swing plate 6 is squeezed by the skewed part of the surface of the blasting tube 11 and swings. After the sensor detects the swing of the swing plate 6, the skewness of the surface of the blasting tube 11 is calculated according to the swing angle of the swing plate 6, so as to avoid the waste of liquid oxygen caused by the injection of liquid oxygen into the skewed blasting tube 11 when the blasting tube 11 is recycled for a long time, thereby reducing the use cost, and performing flatness detection for the blasting tube 11 entering the blast hole, thereby improving the installation efficiency of the blasting tube 11 and thus improving the blasting efficiency.

[0023] Embodiment five: A rock breaking method based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen, as shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification Fig. 9 As shown, the rock breaking method steps are as follows: S1: Before filling, the worker moves the infusion platform 1 to the top of the blast hole through the chassis 12, then passes the clamping rod 2 at the bottom of the rotating rod 16 through the square hole 21 at the top of the blasting tube 11, and uses the ratchet 22 to clamp and fix one end of the clamping rod 2; after the blasting tube 11 is fixed, the hydraulic push rod assembly 13 is used to lift up one side of the infusion platform 1, driving the blasting tube 11 to flip to face the blast hole, and then the infusion platform 1 infuses liquid oxygen into the blasting tube 11; after the infusion is completed, the worker controls the lifting device 14 to start, and the lifting rod 15 drives the blasting tube 11 that has just been infused with liquid oxygen to immediately insert it into the blast hole; S2: The blasting tube 11 drives the rotating ring 3 to descend in the blasthole, and the rotating ring 3 contacts the inner wall of the blasthole through the support rod 24; after the blasting tube 11 is located at a preset depth in the blasthole, the motor 17 is started, the rotating rod 16 drives the blasting tube 11 to rotate, and the blasting tube 11 drives the supporting auxiliary rod 33 to rotate, and the supporting plate 35 gradually passes through the supporting groove 34, so that the supporting rod 24, the supporting plate 35 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 are connected in sequence to complete the fixing function; S3: The support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 contact the inner wall of the blasthole through the No. 1 shift block 36 and the No. 2 shift block 37 respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 drive the No. 1 shift block 36 and the No. 2 shift block 37 to rotate until they are turned over, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod 24 and the supporting auxiliary rod 33 to insert into the inner wall of the blasthole, fix the position of the blasting tube 11, and finally detonate and break the rock through the controller.

Claims

1. A rock breaking device based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen, comprising a dewar tank, an injection platform (1), a control platform and a blasting tube (11); characterized in that: Also includes: The chassis (12) is installed at the bottom of the infusion platform (1), and the bottom of the infusion platform (1) is connected to the chassis (12) via a hydraulic push rod assembly (13), so that the infusion platform (1) can be turned over and tilted on the chassis (12); a lifting device (14) is installed in the infusion platform (1), and a lifting rod (15) is provided at the bottom of the lifting device (14), and a rotating rod (16) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting rod (15), so that the rotating rod (16) can be turned over and tilted. The moving rod (16) is connected to a motor (17) arranged on the lifting rod (15); one end of the bottom of the rotating rod (16) is hinged with a clamping rod (2) through a torsion spring, one end of the clamping rod (2) passes through a square hole (21) opened on the top of the blasting tube (11), and the other end of the bottom of the rotating rod (16) is hinged with a ratchet (22) through a torsion spring, the ratchet (22) and one end of the clamping rod (2) are mutually engaged, and one end of a hanging rope (23) arranged on one side of the ratchet (22) is located outside the blasting hole; A support rod (24), wherein the support rod (24) is hinged to the surface of the blasting tube (11) through a torsion spring, and the support rod (24) is evenly arranged near the top and bottom of the blasting tube (11), the support rod (24) is arranged in a circular distribution, and the support rod (24) faces the bottom of the blasting tube (11); a hook (25) is provided at the bottom of the first blasting tube (11), and the hook (25) passes through the square hole (21) at the top of the second blasting tube (11).

2. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the blasting tube (11) is evenly sleeved with a rotating ring (3), a ball (31) is arranged between the rotating ring (3) and the blasting tube (11), the rotating ring (3) and the blasting tube (11) are rotatably connected via a roller, and the support rod (24) is hinged to the outer ring of the rotating ring (3) via a torsion spring, and the support rod (24) is annularly distributed on the outer ring of the rotating ring (3); an annular groove (32) is provided in the middle position of the rotating ring (3), a supporting auxiliary rod (33) is hinged on the surface of the blasting tube (11) via a torsion spring, and one end of the supporting auxiliary rod (33) passes through the annular groove (32) and is close to one end of the supporting rod (24); a supporting groove (34) is provided in the supporting auxiliary rod (33), and a supporting plate (35) is provided on one side of the supporting rod (24), and one end of the supporting plate (35) passes through the supporting groove (34) and is away from the supporting auxiliary rod (33).

3. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 2 is characterized in that: One end of the support rod (24) and the support sub-rod (33) are respectively hinged to a first shift block (36) and a second shift block (37) through a torsion spring, and one end of the support rod (24) and the support sub-rod (33) are respectively located in the first shift block (36) and the second shift block (37), and one end of the support rod (24) and the support sub-rod (33) are sharp ends.

4. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The blasting tube (11) is sleeved with a conveying ring (4), and the conveying ring (4) is slidably connected to the blasting tube (11); a water pipe (41) is arranged inside the conveying ring (4), and one end of the water pipe (41) is close to the first shift block (36) and faces the inner wall of the blasting hole; a water hole (42) is arranged inside the conveying ring (4), and a cooling channel (43) is arranged inside the blasting tube (11), and one end of the cooling channel (43) is connected to the water hole (42), and the other end is located at the bottom of the blasting tube (11), and a spray hole (44) is arranged in the middle part facing the inner wall of the blasting hole; the water pipe (41) and the water hole (42) in the conveying ring (4) are connected to a conveying device, and the conveying device conveys water to the water pipe (41) and conveys liquid gas to the water hole (42).

5. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The surfaces of the first shift block (36) and the second shift block (37) are respectively provided with a first tip block (45) and a second tip block (46), and the first tip block (45) and the second tip block (46) are in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole, and the first tip block (45) and the second tip block (46) are both facing the top of the blast hole.

6. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 3 is characterized by: The two ends of the cooling channel (43) are located at the top and bottom of the blasting tube (11), and between adjacent blasting tubes (11), the cooling channel (43) located at the top is connected to the cooling channel (43) located at the bottom via a connecting pipe (47).

7. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 6 is characterized by: Holes (48) are evenly arranged in the connecting tube (47), and the holes (48) face the surface of the blasting tube (11); a pull rope (49) is arranged on the top of the conveying ring (4), and one end of the pull rope (49) is located outside the blast hole.

8. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support plate (35) is provided with a pressure relief groove (5), and two pressure relief plates (51) are symmetrically arranged in the pressure relief groove (5), and the pressure relief plates (51) are hinged to the pressure relief groove (5) via a torsion spring.

9. The rock breaking equipment based on transient phase change of liquid oxygen according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A swing plate (6) is provided in the middle of the blasting tube (11) in the infusion platform (1), and the swing plate (6) is tilted. The swing plate (6) and the infusion platform (1) are hinged via a torsion spring, and a sensor is provided between the swing plate (6) and the surface of the infusion platform (1).

10. A rock breaking method based on liquid oxygen transient phase change, the rock breaking method is applicable to the rock breaking equipment based on liquid oxygen transient phase change according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the rock breaking method has the following steps: S1: Before filling, the worker moves the filling platform (1) to the top of the blast hole through the chassis (12), then passes the clamping rod (2) at the bottom of the rotating rod (16) through the square hole (21) at the top of the blasting tube (11), and uses the ratchet (22) to clamp and fix one end of the clamping rod (2); after the blasting tube (11) is fixed, the hydraulic push rod assembly (13) lifts up one side of the filling platform (1), drives the blasting tube (11) to turn over to face the blast hole, and then the filling platform (1) fills the blasting tube (11) with liquid oxygen; after the filling is completed, the worker controls the lifting device (14) to start, and the lifting rod (15) drives the blasting tube (11) that has just been filled with liquid oxygen to immediately insert into the blast hole; S2: The blasting tube (11) drives the rotating ring (3) to descend in the blast hole, and the rotating ring (3) contacts the inner wall of the blast hole through the support rod (24); after the blasting tube (11) is located at a preset depth in the blast hole, the motor (17) is started, the rotating rod (16) drives the blasting tube (11) to rotate, and the blasting tube (11) drives the supporting auxiliary rod (33) to rotate, and the supporting plate (35) gradually passes through the supporting groove (34), so that the supporting rod (24), the supporting plate (35) and the supporting auxiliary rod (33) are connected in sequence to complete the fixing function; S3: The support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) contact the inner wall of the blast hole through the first shift block (36) and the second shift block (37) respectively. After reaching the preset depth, the support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) drive the first shift block (36) and the second shift block (37) to rotate until they are turned over, exposing the sharp ends of the support rod (24) and the support auxiliary rod (33) to insert into the inner wall of the blast hole, fix the position of the blasting tube (11), and finally detonate and break the rock through the controller.

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