Peanut planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut planting method. The peanut planting method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection; (2) land preparation; (3) seed preparation; (4) mulching film and drip irrigation zone application; (5) sowing; (6) field management; (7) disease and pest prevention and control; (8) harvesting. The idle space of the sunlight greenhouse is used for planting peanuts, so that the land can be efficiently utilized, and the income of farmers is increased; secondly, the planting mode is also a measure for responding to the national call of increasing the oil planting area and improving the edible oil self-sufficiency rate in China. And thirdly, the peanuts belong to drought-enduring crops, the desert irrigation area has large sandy soil and is suitable for planting the peanuts, and in the sandy soil, the root systems of the peanuts have better ductility and more development space and are beneficial to the growth of the peanuts. And fourthly, the planted peanuts have certain wind prevention and sand fixation effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and more particularly to a method for planting peanuts. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the state has encouraged the development of facility agriculture to ensure food security and the safety of the vegetable basket. In response to the national call, solar greenhouses have sprung up in the desert irrigation areas of southern Xinjiang.

[0003] Currently, a space of 10-15 meters is required between adjacent solar greenhouses in the north and south to avoid shading. However, this space is mostly unused.

[0004] Therefore, how to make full use of the idle space in the solar greenhouse is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting peanuts to solve the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for planting peanuts, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Variety selection

[0009] Select early and mid-maturing peanut varieties among the national registered varieties that have concentrated fruiting, a long harvest period, are not prone to fruit drop, have regular pod shapes, are of high quality, high yield, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are suitable for local planting;

[0010] (2) Land preparation

[0011] Combine land preparation with applying sufficient base fertilizer; till the land to make it soft and permeable, providing a better growth environment for peanut planting; level the ground to make the land flat and loose, achieving "empty on top and solid on the bottom";

[0012] (3) Seed preparation

[0013] Sun-dry the seeds, peel the shells, and treat the peanut seeds with pesticides according to the occurrence of pests and diseases;

[0014] (4) Ground film and drip irrigation tape

[0015] Choose appropriate mulch film and drip irrigation tape;

[0016] (5) Sowing

[0017] Sowing period: Peanuts are thermophilic crops. If they are sown at low temperatures and high humidity, the seeds are prone to mildew and rot, resulting in a low peanut germination rate. Ordinary peanuts should be sown when the average soil temperature at 5 to 10 cm is above 15°C for 5 consecutive days, and high oleic peanut varieties should be sown when the average soil temperature at 5 to 10 cm is above 18°C ​​for 5 consecutive days.

[0018] Sowing depth: generally 3 to 5 cm; in sandy soil and land with heavy sand, the seeds can be sown deeper, but the depth should not exceed 7 cm;

[0019] Sowing method: Use drip irrigation under the film and one ridge and two rows planting mode, plant two rows of peanuts on the ridge, with a small row spacing of 25-30cm, a large row spacing of 50-55cm, and a plant spacing of 12-15cm;

[0020] Seeding rate: 18-20 kg / mu for large-fruit peanuts, 15-17 kg / mu for medium-fruit peanuts, and 10-13 kg / mu for small-fruit peanuts;

[0021] Seeding machinery: Choose a peanut combine seeder with excellent operating performance that can complete ridge formation, sowing, laying drip irrigation tape, film covering and soil compaction on the film at one time;

[0022] The seeder should be operated at a slow speed, and the film should be straightened and tightened as much as possible to prevent the film holes and seed holes from being misaligned. The soil should be covered completely, and the pressing wheel should be lowered to press the film as close to the ground as possible. The quality requirements for seeding operations are: double-grain rate greater than 75%, hole-grain qualified rate greater than 95%, hole rate less than 2%, and broken rate less than 1.5%;

[0023] (6) Field management

[0024] Planting seedlings: Make holes in time to plant peanut seedlings before the top soil and two true leaves appear on the main stem. The planting time should avoid the high temperature at noon or when there is a strong wind and the temperature drops. It is advisable to choose a sunny morning or cloudy day. After planting seedlings, seal the film holes with 3 to 5 cm of wet soil in time to play the role of sealing the film holes, increasing temperature and moisture retention, and naturally clearing the plants.

[0025] Replanting: Check the emergence of seedlings in time during the emergence period, and replant in time if there are any missing seedlings to ensure full seedlings;

[0026] Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding and soiling should be carried out 2-3 times before emergence, during seedling stage and during flowering. During intertillage in seedling stage, pay attention to prevent soil from crushing seedlings, and during flowering stage, pay attention to prevent fruit needles from being damaged. Half a month after flowering, soiling should be carried out (3-5 cm is appropriate) to shorten the distance between fruit needles and the ground and increase the fruiting rate.

[0027] Water management: During the entire growth period of peanuts, follow the principle of less water in the seedling stage, more water in the flowering to pod-setting stage, and less water in the fruit-full maturity stage; the flowering needle stage is a period of high water demand. If the peanut leaves show wilting symptoms around noon, water should be irrigated in time to keep the field soil moist enough; pay attention to water supply during the pod-setting stage, and do not supply too much water during the pod expansion stage to avoid fruit rot;

[0028] Fertilizer management:

[0029] Seedling stage: Apply nitrogen fertilizer in time before flowering to promote seedling growth, and drip humic acid 1kg / mu or potassium humate 1.5kg / mu to effectively improve soil aggregate structure and reduce salt and alkali;

[0030] Flower needle stage: Combined with watering during the flowering period, apply 5-10kg of urea or 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu in two times. In addition, according to the growth of peanuts, 0.1kg / mu of ferrous sulfate and 0.05kg / mu of boric acid can be sprayed on the roots and foliage with 50L of water, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying continuously for 2-3 times;

[0031] Pod-setting stage: Combine irrigation with topdressing of 10 kg of water-soluble calcium fertilizer per mu;

[0032] (7) Pest and disease control

[0033] Types of pests and diseases: The main diseases include leaf spot, stem rot and root rot, and the main pests include cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, spider mites, thrips, cutworms, grubs, etc.;

[0034] Prevention and control principles: follow the principle of "prevention first, integrated prevention and control", take agricultural prevention and control as the basis, physical prevention and control as the important means, and combine chemical prevention and control to effectively control the occurrence of peanut diseases and insect pests; for chemical prevention and control, it is advisable to use high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides, and do not use pesticides banned by the state. The use of pesticides should comply with the requirements of GB / T8321 (all parts);

[0035] Physical control: sex attractants, insecticidal lamps, hanging blue and yellow boards;

[0036] Chemical control: peanut leaf spot, peanut root rot, stem rot, spider mites, thrips, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, white grubs, cutworms;

[0037] (8) Harvest

[0038] Recycle the drip irrigation tape, harvest in time, use a peanut combine harvester or a segmented harvester to harvest (on a sunny day), dry and store.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above step (2), applying base fertilizer specifically includes: applying sufficient base fertilizer in combination with land preparation, applying 2 to 3 m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. 3Or 60-70kg of biological organic fertilizer and 15-20kg of heavy superphosphate;

[0040] The specific tillage and land preparation are as follows: the tillage depth is 20 to 30 cm, the depth should be consistent, and no omissions should be made;

[0041] Leveling the ground specifically includes: leveling the ground using a soil leveler or a grader.

[0042] Furthermore, in the above step (3), the sun drying is specifically as follows: on a sunny day, the peanut pods are spread out on a drying ground to a thickness of 7 to 8 cm, uniformly and uniformly, and are turned over every 1 to 2 hours for 2 to 3 days;

[0043] Shelling is as follows: 7 to 10 days before sowing, shell the seeds manually or with a high-performance seed shelling machine. After shelling, select seeds with shiny seed coats, no damage, and large and full kernels as seeds;

[0044] The specific methods of seed dressing are: to prevent and control peanut root rot and stem rot, use cypermethrin suspension seed dressing agent, metalaxyl-M seed treatment emulsion, thiamethoxam-carb-methyl suspension seed dressing agent or carbendazim suspension seed dressing agent for seed dressing; to prevent and control underground pests, use imidacloprid seed dressing agent or cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate for seed dressing.

[0045] Furthermore, in the above step (4), the thickness of the ground film is 0.01-0.02 mm and the width is 70 cm; the drip irrigation tape is an embedded patch type drip irrigation tape.

[0046] Furthermore, in the above step (7), the sex attractant is specifically: hanging traps, using sex attractants specifically for killing beet armyworm and cotton bollworm to kill adult insects, 2 to 3 traps are hung per acre, and the hanging height is 1 to 1.5 m;

[0047] The specific method of insecticidal lamps is to install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, which use the insects' tendency to move toward light to kill cotton bollworms, beet leaf moths and adult white grubs. One lamp is installed for every 30 to 50 mu of land.

[0048] The specific method of hanging blue and yellow boards is to use the color attraction of pests to set up different colored sticky insect boards to lure and kill pests. Blue sticky insect boards are hung to lure and kill adult thrips, and yellow sticky insect boards are hung to lure and kill aphids.

[0049] The prevention and control method of peanut leaf spot disease is as follows: In the early stage of the disease, use 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 400 times of 80% mancozeb, or 600 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to spray the stems and leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row;

[0050] The prevention and control methods of peanut root rot and stem rot are as follows: spray the stem base or water the roots with 1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at the early stage of the disease;

[0051] The control method of spider mites is: in the early stage of spider mite occurrence, find the disease center or when the insect strain rate is 20%, use 2500-3000 times of 15% Sweep Manjing EC, 1000 times of 73% Promitron EC, or 1500-2000 times of 1.8% Avermectin to spray the stems and leaves;

[0052] The control method of thrips is: in the early stage of occurrence, in the evening or early morning, use 50% acetamiprid water dispersible granules 6-10g / mu, or 10% imidacloprid water dispersible granules 20g / mu to spray evenly on the whole plant for control;

[0053] The control method of beet armyworm and cotton bollworm is: spray the stems and leaves with 700 times solution of 10 billion to 30 billion live spores / g of Bacillus thuringiensis, 800 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos suspension, or 1000 times solution of 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin from the peak egg hatching period to the early larval stage;

[0054] The control method for white grubs and cutworms is as follows: During the peak hatching period of pest eggs and the early larval stage, use 1000g / mu of 30% phoxim microcapsule suspension, or 800g / mu of 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension, spray or irrigate the roots; or use 50-100g / mu of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40-80g / mu of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, apply in ditches or water.

[0055] Furthermore, in the above step (8), the drip irrigation tape is recovered specifically as follows: before the peanuts are harvested, the drip irrigation tape is recovered manually or mechanically, and the accumulated water in the pipe is drained;

[0056] Timely harvesting is specifically when the top of the peanut plant stops growing, the upper leaves and stems turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves fall off, most of the pods have hardened shells, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell has blue-brown or black spots, and the fruit fullness index reaches 70% to 80%.

[0057] Combine harvester harvesting is specifically as follows: use a combine harvester to complete the peanut digging, transportation, soil cleaning, fruit picking, selection, and fruit collection operations at one time. The operation quality requirements are: the total loss rate is less than 5.5%, the breakage rate is less than 2%, the unpicked rate is less than 2%, the pod crack rate is less than 2.5%, and the impurity rate is less than 5%.

[0058] The specific steps of harvesting by segmented harvester are as follows: using peanut harvesting excavator to pull up, shake soil and spread, drying until the pods make noises when shaken, using picking and picking machine to complete picking and sorting, or manual picking and mechanical picking and sorting. The operation quality requirements are: total loss rate less than 5%, buried fruit rate less than 2%, qualified rate of excavation depth more than 98%, broken fruit rate less than 1%, soil content less than 2%;

[0059] Drying is as follows: Peanuts are fully dried after harvesting, and can be stored when the moisture content drops below 9%;

[0060] The storage conditions are as follows: the storage place should be dry, low temperature, ventilated, clean, with relative humidity below 70%, temperature below 20℃, and no odor. After storage, the goods should be turned over and exposed to the sun regularly to keep them dry.

[0061] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0062] The present invention uses the idle space between solar greenhouses to plant peanuts. First, the land can be efficiently utilized to increase farmers' income. Second, the planting method is also a measure to respond to the country's call to increase the area of ​​oil-bearing planting and improve my country's edible oil self-sufficiency rate. Third, peanuts are drought-resistant crops. The soil in desert irrigation areas is sandy and suitable for planting peanuts. In sandy soil, the root system of peanuts will have better ductility and more development space, which is conducive to the growth of peanuts. Fourth, planting peanuts has a certain effect of preventing wind and fixing sand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] The method for planting peanuts specifically includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) Variety selection

[0067] Select early and mid-maturing peanut varieties among the national registered varieties that have concentrated fruiting, a long harvest period, are not prone to fruit drop, have regular pod shapes, are of high quality, high yield, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are suitable for local planting;

[0068] (2) Land preparation

[0069] Apply base fertilizer: Combine land preparation with base fertilizer, and apply 2m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. 3 , heavy superphosphate 15kg;

[0070] Ploughing and land preparation: The ploughing depth is 20cm, and the depth should be consistent and no ploughing should be missed;

[0071] Level the ground: Use a soil leveler to level the ground;

[0072] (3) Seed preparation

[0073] Drying: On sunny days, spread the peanut pods evenly on the drying ground to a thickness of 7 cm, turn them over every hour, and dry for 2 days;

[0074] Shelling: 7 days before sowing, shell the seeds manually. After shelling, choose seeds with shiny seed coat, no damage, large and full kernels as seeds;

[0075] Seed dressing with pesticides: To prevent and control peanut root rot and stem rot, use fludioxonil suspension seed dressing agent for seed dressing; to prevent and control underground pests, use imidacloprid seed dressing agent for seed dressing;

[0076] (4) Ground film and drip irrigation tape

[0077] Choose a ground film with a thickness of 0.012mm and a width of 70cm, and use an embedded patch drip irrigation tape;

[0078] (5) Sowing

[0079] Sowing period: Ordinary peanuts are sown when the average soil temperature at 5 cm is stable above 15°C for 5 consecutive days; high oleic peanut varieties are sown when the average soil temperature at 5 cm is stable above 18°C ​​for 5 consecutive days;

[0080] Sowing depth: 3cm;

[0081] Sowing method: drip irrigation under the film and one ridge and two rows planting mode are adopted. Two rows of peanuts are planted on the ridge, with a small row spacing of 25cm, a large row spacing of 50cm, and a plant spacing of 12cm;

[0082] Seeding rate: 18kg / mu for large-fruit peanuts, 15kg / mu for medium-fruit peanuts, and 10kg / mu for small-fruit peanuts;

[0083] Seeding machinery: peanut combine seeder;

[0084] Seeding quality requirements: double-seed rate greater than 75%, hole-seed qualified rate greater than 95%, hole rate less than 2%, and broken rate less than 1.5%;

[0085] (6) Field management

[0086] Planting seedlings: Make holes in time to plant peanut seedlings before the top of the soil and two true leaves appear on the main stem. After planting, seal the holes in the film with 3 cm of wet soil.

[0087] Replanting: Check the emergence of seedlings in time during the germination period and replant in time if any seedlings are missing;

[0088] Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding and soil cultivation are carried out twice before emergence, during the seedling stage and during the flowering period, and soil cultivation is carried out half a month after flowering;

[0089] Water management: Water promptly when peanut leaves show wilting symptoms around noon during the flowering period;

[0090] Fertilizer management: Seedling stage: apply nitrogen fertilizer in time before flowering, and drip humic acid 1kg / mu in combination with irrigation; Flower needle stage: combine watering during the flowering period, apply 5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu, apply twice, spray ferrous sulfate 0.1kg / mu and boric acid 0.05kg / mu with 50L of water for foliar spraying, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in succession; Pod stage: combine irrigation, and apply water-soluble calcium fertilizer 10kg per mu;

[0091] (7) Pest and disease control

[0092] Physical prevention:

[0093] Sex attractants: Hang traps, use sex attractants that specifically kill beet armyworm and cotton bollworm to kill adult insects, hang 2 traps per acre, and hang at a height of 1m;

[0094] Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill cotton bollworms, beet leaf moths and adult white grubs. Install one lamp for every 30 mu of land.

[0095] Hang blue and yellow sticky boards: hang blue sticky boards to kill adult thrips, and yellow sticky boards to kill aphids;

[0096] Chemical control:

[0097] Peanut leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray the stems and leaves with 1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, once every 7 days, for 2 to 3 times in a row;

[0098] Peanut root rot and stem rot: spray the stem base with 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim at the early stage of the disease;

[0099] Spider mites: When the disease center is found in the early stage of spider mite occurrence or the insect strain rate is 20%, use 2500-3000 times dilution of 15% Sweep Mite Clean EC to spray the stems and leaves;

[0100] Thrips: In the early stage of the outbreak, in the evening, use 50% acetamiprid water dispersible granules 6-10g / mu to spray evenly on the whole plant for prevention and control;

[0101] Beet armyworm and cotton bollworm: spray the stems and leaves with 700 times dilution of Bacillus thuringiensis with 10 billion live spores / g from the peak of egg hatching to the early larval stage;

[0102] Grubs and cutworms: During the peak period of egg hatching and the early larval stage, spray the roots with 30% phoxim microcapsule suspension at 1000g / mu;

[0103] (8) Harvest

[0104] Drip irrigation tape recovery: Before peanut harvest, the drip irrigation tape is recovered manually and the water in the pipe is drained;

[0105] Timely harvest: When the top of the peanut plant stops growing, the upper leaves and stems turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves fall off, most of the pods have hardened shells, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell has blue-brown or black spots, and the fruit fullness index reaches 70%, it is the right time to harvest;

[0106] Harvesting with combine harvester: Use combine harvester to complete peanut digging, transportation, soil cleaning, fruit picking, selection and fruit collection operations at one time. Operation quality requirements: total loss rate less than 5.5%, breakage rate less than 2%, unpicked rate less than 2%, pod cracking rate less than 2.5%, and impurity rate less than 5%.

[0107] Harvesting with segmented harvesters: peanut harvesting excavators are used to pull up, shake the soil and spread the peanuts. When the peanuts are dried until they make noises when shaken, a fruit picking machine is used to pick and select the peanuts. The operation quality requirements are: total loss rate less than 5%, buried fruit rate less than 2%, qualified rate of excavation depth more than 98%, broken fruit rate less than 1%, and soil content less than 2%.

[0108] Drying: After the peanuts are harvested, they should be fully dried and can be stored when the moisture content drops below 9%;

[0109] Storage: The storage place should be dry, low temperature, ventilated, clean, with relative humidity below 70%, temperature below 20℃, and no odor. The materials should be turned over and exposed to the sun regularly after storage.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] The method for planting peanuts specifically includes the following steps:

[0112] (1) Variety selection

[0113] Select early and mid-maturing peanut varieties among the national registered varieties that have concentrated fruiting, a long harvest period, are not prone to fruit drop, have regular pod shapes, are of high quality, high yield, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are suitable for local planting;

[0114] (2) Land preparation

[0115] Apply base fertilizer: Combined with land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and apply 3m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. 3 , heavy superphosphate 18kg;

[0116] Ploughing and land preparation: The ploughing depth is 25cm, and the depth should be consistent and no ploughing should be missed;

[0117] Level the ground: Use a soil leveler to level the ground;

[0118] (3) Seed preparation

[0119] Drying: On sunny days, spread the peanut pods evenly on the drying ground to a thickness of 7.5 cm, turn them over every 1.5 hours, and dry for 2 days;

[0120] Shelling: 8 days before sowing, shell the seeds manually. After shelling, choose seeds with shiny seed coat, no damage, large and full kernels as seeds;

[0121] Seed dressing with pesticides: To prevent and control peanut root rot and stem rot, use metalaxyl-M seed treatment emulsion for seed dressing; to prevent and control underground pests, use imidacloprid seed dressing agent for seed dressing;

[0122] (4) Ground film and drip irrigation tape

[0123] Choose a ground film with a thickness of 0.01mm and a width of 70cm, and use an embedded patch drip irrigation tape;

[0124] (5) Sowing

[0125] Sowing period: Ordinary peanuts are sown when the average soil temperature at 8 cm is above 15°C for 5 consecutive days; high oleic peanut varieties are sown when the average soil temperature at 8 cm is above 18°C ​​for 5 consecutive days;

[0126] Sowing depth: 4cm;

[0127] Sowing method: drip irrigation under the film and one ridge and two rows planting mode are adopted. Two rows of peanuts are planted on the ridge, with a small row spacing of 28cm, a large row spacing of 52cm, and a plant spacing of 13cm;

[0128] Seeding rate: large-fruit peanuts 19kg / mu, medium-fruit peanuts 16kg / mu, small-fruit peanuts 12kg / mu;

[0129] Seeding machinery: peanut combine seeder;

[0130] Seeding quality requirements: double-seed rate greater than 75%, hole-seed qualified rate greater than 95%, hole rate less than 2%, and broken rate less than 1.5%;

[0131] (6) Field management

[0132] Planting seedlings: Make holes in time to plant peanut seedlings before the top of the soil and two true leaves appear on the main stem. After planting, seal the holes in the film with 4 cm of wet soil.

[0133] Replanting: Check the emergence of seedlings in time during the germination period and replant in time if any seedlings are missing;

[0134] Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding and soil cultivation are carried out twice before emergence, during the seedling stage and during the flowering period, and soil cultivation is carried out half a month after flowering;

[0135] Water management: Water promptly when peanut leaves show wilting symptoms around noon during the flowering period;

[0136] Fertilizer management: Seedling stage: apply nitrogen fertilizer in time before flowering, and apply potassium humate 1.5kg / mu by dripping in combination with irrigation; Flower needle stage: combine with watering during the flowering period, apply urea 10kg and potassium sulfate 10kg per mu, apply twice, spray ferrous sulfate 0.1kg / mu and boric acid 0.05kg / mu with 50L of water for foliar spraying, spray once every 8 days, and spray twice continuously; Pod stage: combine with irrigation, apply water-soluble calcium fertilizer 10kg per mu;

[0137] (7) Pest and disease control

[0138] Physical prevention:

[0139] Sex attractant: Hang traps, use sex attractants that specifically kill beet armyworm and cotton bollworm to kill adult insects, hang 2 traps per acre, and hang at a height of 1.2m;

[0140] Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill cotton bollworms, beet leaf moths and adult white grubs. Install one lamp for every 40 mu of land.

[0141] Hang blue and yellow sticky boards: hang blue sticky boards to kill adult thrips, and yellow sticky boards to kill aphids;

[0142] Chemical control:

[0143] Peanut leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray the stems and leaves with 400 times 80% mancozeb solution, once every 8 days, for 2 times in a row;

[0144] Peanut root rot and stem rot: spray the stem base with 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim at the early stage of the disease;

[0145] Spider mites: When the disease center is found in the early stage of spider mite occurrence or the insect strain rate is 20%, use 1000 times diluted 73% propargite emulsifiable concentrate to spray the stems and leaves;

[0146] Thrips: In the early stage of the outbreak, in the evening, use 50% acetamiprid water dispersible granules 6-10g / mu to spray evenly on the whole plant for prevention and control;

[0147] Beet armyworm and cotton bollworm: spray the stems and leaves with 800 times dilution of 20% chlorpyrifos suspension during the peak egg hatching period to the early larval stage;

[0148] Grubs and cutworms: During the peak period of egg hatching and the early larval stage, spray the roots with 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension at 800g / mu;

[0149] (8) Harvest

[0150] Drip irrigation tape recovery: Before peanut harvest, the drip irrigation tape is recovered manually and the water in the pipe is drained;

[0151] Timely harvest: When the top of the peanut plant stops growing, the upper leaves and stems turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves fall off, most of the pods have hardened shells, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell has blue-brown or black spots, and the fruit fullness index reaches 75%, it is the right time to harvest;

[0152] Combine harvester harvesting: Combine harvesters are used to complete the peanut digging, transportation, soil cleaning, fruit picking, sorting and fruit collection operations at one time. The operation quality requirements are: the total loss rate is less than 5.5%, the breakage rate is less than 2%, the unpicked rate is less than 2%, the pod cracking rate is less than 2.5%, and the impurity rate is less than 5%;

[0153] Harvesting with segmented harvesters: peanut harvesting excavators are used to pull up, shake the soil and spread the peanuts. The peanuts are dried until the pods make noises when shaken, and then they are picked and sorted manually. The operation quality requirements are: total loss rate less than 5%, buried fruit rate less than 2%, qualified rate of excavation depth more than 98%, broken fruit rate less than 1%, and soil content less than 2%.

[0154] Drying: After the peanuts are harvested, they should be fully dried and can be stored when the moisture content drops below 9%;

[0155] Storage: The storage place should be dry, low temperature, ventilated, clean, with relative humidity below 70%, temperature below 20℃, and no odor. The materials should be turned over and exposed to the sun regularly after storage.

[0156] Example 3

[0157] The method for planting peanuts specifically includes the following steps:

[0158] (1) Variety selection

[0159] Select early and mid-maturing peanut varieties among the national registered varieties that have concentrated fruiting, a long harvest period, are not prone to fruit drop, have regular pod shapes, are of high quality, high yield, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are suitable for local planting;

[0160] (2) Land preparation

[0161] Apply base fertilizer: Combine land preparation with base fertilizer application, apply 70kg of fully decomposed biological organic fertilizer and 20kg of heavy superphosphate per mu;

[0162] Ploughing and land preparation: The ploughing depth is 30cm, and the depth should be consistent and no ploughing should be missed;

[0163] Level the ground: Use a soil leveler to level the ground;

[0164] (3) Seed preparation

[0165] Drying: On sunny days, spread the peanut pods evenly on the drying ground to a thickness of 8 cm, turn them over every 2 hours, and dry for 3 days;

[0166] Shelling: 10 days before sowing, use a high-performance seed shelling machine to shell the seeds. After shelling, choose seeds with shiny seed coats, no damage, and large and full kernels as seeds;

[0167] Seed dressing with pesticides: To prevent and control peanut root rot and stem rot, use thiamethoxam·chloranil·froxazolidinone suspension seed dressing agent for seed dressing; to prevent and control underground pests, use phoxim emulsifiable concentrate for seed dressing;

[0168] (4) Ground film and drip irrigation tape

[0169] Choose a ground film with a thickness of 0.02mm and a width of 70cm, and use an embedded patch drip irrigation tape;

[0170] (5) Sowing

[0171] Sowing period: Ordinary peanuts are sown when the average soil temperature at 10 cm is stable at above 15°C for 5 consecutive days; high oleic peanut varieties are sown when the average soil temperature at 10 cm is stable at above 18°C ​​for 5 consecutive days;

[0172] Sowing depth: 5cm;

[0173] Sowing method: drip irrigation under the film and one ridge and two rows planting mode are adopted. Two rows of peanuts are planted on the ridge, with a small row spacing of 30cm, a large row spacing of 55cm, and a plant spacing of 15cm;

[0174] Seeding rate: 20kg / mu for large-fruit peanuts, 17kg / mu for medium-fruit peanuts, and 13kg / mu for small-fruit peanuts;

[0175] Seeding machinery: peanut combine seeder;

[0176] Seeding quality requirements: double-seed rate greater than 75%, hole-seed qualified rate greater than 95%, hole rate less than 2%, and broken rate less than 1.5%;

[0177] (6) Field management

[0178] Planting seedlings: Make holes in time to plant peanut seedlings before the top of the soil and two true leaves appear on the main stem. After planting, cover the holes in the film with 5 cm of wet soil.

[0179] Replanting: Check the emergence of seedlings in time during the germination period and replant in time if any seedlings are missing;

[0180] Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out three times before emergence, during the seedling stage and during the flowering period, and soil cultivation should be carried out half a month after flowering;

[0181] Water management: Water promptly when peanut leaves show wilting symptoms around noon during the flowering period;

[0182] Fertilizer management: Seedling stage: apply nitrogen fertilizer in time before flowering, and apply potassium humate 1.5kg / mu by dripping in combination with irrigation; Flower needle stage: combine with watering during the flowering period, apply 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu, apply twice, spray 0.1kg / mu of ferrous sulfate and 0.05kg / mu of boric acid with 50L of water for foliar spraying, spray once every 10 days, and spray continuously for 3 times; Pod stage: combine with irrigation, apply 10kg of water-soluble calcium fertilizer per mu;

[0183] (7) Pest and disease control

[0184] Physical prevention:

[0185] Sex attractants: Hang traps, use sex attractants that specifically kill beet armyworm and cotton bollworm to kill adult insects, hang 3 traps per acre, and hang at a height of 1.5m;

[0186] Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to kill cotton bollworms, beet leaf moths and adult white grubs. Install one lamp for every 50 mu of land.

[0187] Hang blue and yellow sticky boards: hang blue sticky boards to kill adult thrips, and yellow sticky boards to kill aphids;

[0188] Chemical control:

[0189] Peanut leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray the stems and leaves with 600 times dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, once every 10 days, for 3 times in a row;

[0190] Peanut root rot and stem rot: In the early stage of the disease, use 1000 times dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to water the roots;

[0191] Spider mites: When the disease center is found in the early stage of spider mite occurrence or the insect strain rate is 20%, use 1500-2000 times diluted 1.8% avermectin to spray the stems and leaves;

[0192] Thrips: In the early stage of the outbreak, use 10% imidacloprid water dispersible granules 20g / mu to spray evenly on the whole plant for prevention and control in the early morning;

[0193] Beet armyworm and cotton bollworm: spray stems and leaves with 1000 times diluted 2.5% highly effective cypermethrin during the peak egg hatching period to the early larval stage;

[0194] Grubs and cutworms: During the peak period of egg hatching and the early larval stage, apply 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at a rate of 50-100 g / mu in furrows;

[0195] (8) Harvest

[0196] Drip irrigation tape recovery: Before peanut harvest, the drip irrigation tape is mechanically recovered and the water in the pipe is drained;

[0197] Timely harvest: When the top of the peanut plant stops growing, the upper leaves and stems turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves fall off, most of the pods have hardened shells, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell has blue-brown or black spots, and the fruit fullness index reaches 80%, it is the right time to harvest;

[0198] Combine harvester harvesting: Combine harvesters are used to complete the peanut digging, transportation, soil cleaning, fruit picking, sorting and fruit collection operations at one time. The operation quality requirements are: the total loss rate is less than 5.5%, the breakage rate is less than 2%, the unpicked rate is less than 2%, the pod cracking rate is less than 2.5%, and the impurity rate is less than 5%;

[0199] Harvesting with segmented harvesters: peanut harvesting excavators are used to pull up, shake the soil and spread the peanuts. The peanuts are dried until the pods make noises when shaken. The peanuts are then mechanically picked and sorted. The operation quality requirements are: total loss rate less than 5%, buried fruit rate less than 2%, qualified rate of excavation depth more than 98%, broken fruit rate less than 1%, and soil content less than 2%.

[0200] Drying: After the peanuts are harvested, they should be fully dried and can be stored when the moisture content drops below 9%;

[0201] Storage: The storage place should be dry, low temperature, ventilated, clean, with relative humidity below 70%, temperature below 20℃, and no odor. The materials should be turned over and exposed to the sun regularly after storage.

[0202] Performance Testing

[0203] In the open space between the north and south adjacent greenhouses of the Wanmu Facility Agriculture Base in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, peanuts were planted using the method of Example 1. Peanuts were planted in a ridge-forming, one-film, two-row planting mode. The two 160m-long greenhouses in the north and south were 15m apart, with 4.2m of space on the south side and 2m of space on the north side. 11 ridges of peanuts could be planted in the middle. 2.11 mu of peanuts could be planted in the open space between the two greenhouses.

[0204] The cost input, output, net income and net profit are shown in Table 1.

[0205] Table 1 Cost input, yield, net income and net profit of peanut planting by the method of Example 1

[0206]

[0207] As can be seen from Table 1, by using the method of Example 1 to grow peanuts, the open space between the two greenhouses can generate a considerable income of 1402.69 yuan.

[0208] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for planting peanuts, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Variety selection Select early and mid-maturing peanut varieties among the national registered varieties that have concentrated fruiting, a long harvest period, are not prone to fruit drop, have regular pod shapes, are of high quality, high yield, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are suitable for local planting; (2) Land preparation Apply base fertilizer, till the land, and level the ground; (3) Seed preparation Dry the seeds, peel the shells, and mix the seeds with chemicals; (4) Ground film and drip irrigation tape Choose appropriate mulch film and drip irrigation tape; (5) Sowing Sowing period: Ordinary peanuts are sown when the average soil temperature at 5-10 cm is above 15°C for 5 consecutive days; high oleic peanut varieties are sown when the average soil temperature at 5-10 cm is above 18°C ​​for 5 consecutive days; Sowing depth: 3-5cm; Sowing method: Use drip irrigation under the film and one ridge and two rows planting mode, plant two rows of peanuts on the ridge, with a small row spacing of 25-30cm, a large row spacing of 50-55cm, and a plant spacing of 12-15cm; Seeding rate: 18-20 kg / mu for large-fruit peanuts, 15-17 kg / mu for medium-fruit peanuts, and 10-13 kg / mu for small-fruit peanuts; Seeding machinery: peanut combine seeder; Seeding quality requirements: double-seed rate greater than 75%, hole-seed qualified rate greater than 95%, hole rate less than 2%, and broken rate less than 1.5%; (6) Field management Planting seedlings: Make holes in time to plant peanut seedlings before the top of the soil and two true leaves appear on the main stem. After planting, seal the holes in the film with 3 to 5 cm of wet soil. Replanting: Check the emergence of seedlings in time during the germination period and replant in time if any seedlings are missing; Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding and soiling should be carried out 2-3 times before emergence, during the seedling stage and during the flowering period, and soiling should be carried out half a month after flowering; Water management: Water promptly when peanut leaves show wilting symptoms around noon during the flowering period; Fertilizer management: Seedling stage: apply nitrogen fertilizer in time before flowering, and drip humic acid 1kg / mu or potassium humate 1.5kg / mu in combination with irrigation; Flower needle stage: combine watering during the flowering period, apply urea 5-10kg or diammonium phosphate 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg per mu, apply twice, spray ferrous sulfate 0.1kg / mu, boric acid 0.05kg / mu with 50L water for foliar spraying, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously 2-3 times; Pod stage: combine irrigation, apply water-soluble calcium fertilizer 10kg per mu; (7) Pest and disease control Physical control: sex attractants, insecticidal lamps, hanging blue and yellow boards; Chemical control: peanut leaf spot, peanut root rot, stem rot, spider mites, thrips, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, white grubs, cutworms; (8) Harvest Recycle the drip irrigation tape, harvest in time, use a peanut combine harvester or a segmented harvester to harvest, dry and store.

2. A peanut planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the base fertilizer application is specifically: applying sufficient base fertilizer in combination with land preparation, applying 2 to 3 m3 of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu. 3 Or 60-70kg of biological organic fertilizer and 15-20kg of heavy superphosphate; The tillage and land preparation are specifically as follows: the tillage depth is 20 to 30 cm, the depth is required to be consistent, and no omissions are made; The leveling of the ground specifically includes: leveling the ground using a soil leveler or a land grader.

3. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the drying of seeds specifically comprises: on a sunny day, spreading the peanut pods flat on a drying ground to a thickness of 7 to 8 cm, evenly and uniformly, turning them over every 1 to 2 hours, and drying them for 2 to 3 days; The shelling is specifically as follows: 7 to 10 days before sowing, shelling is performed manually or by using a seed shelling machine with excellent performance, and after shelling, the seeds with shiny seed coat, no damage, large and full kernels are selected as seeds; The specific application of the pesticide to seeds is as follows: to prevent and control the occurrence of peanut root rot and stem rot, use cypermethrin suspension seed dressing agent, metalaxyl-M seed treatment emulsion, thiamethoxam suspension seed dressing agent or carbendazim suspension seed dressing agent for seed dressing; to prevent and control the occurrence of underground pests, use imidacloprid seed dressing agent or phoxim emulsifiable concentrate for seed dressing.

4. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the thickness of the ground film is 0.01-0.02 mm and the width is 70 cm; the drip irrigation belt is an embedded patch type drip irrigation belt.

5. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the sex attractant is specifically: a hanging trap, using a sex attractant specifically for killing beet armyworm and cotton bollworm to kill adult insects, 2 to 3 traps are hung per acre, and the hanging height is 1 to 1.5 m; The insecticidal lamp is specifically: installing a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp to lure and kill cotton bollworm, beet leaf moth and adult white grubs, with one lamp installed for every 30 to 50 mu of land; The hanging of the blue and yellow boards specifically includes: hanging the blue sticky insect boards to kill adult thrips, and hanging the yellow sticky insect boards to kill aphids.

6. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the method for controlling peanut leaf spot disease is as follows: at the early stage of the disease, use 1000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 400 times of 80% mancozeb, or 600 times of 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to spray the stems and leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row; The method for preventing and controlling peanut root rot and stem rot is as follows: spray the stem base or water the roots with 1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at the early stage of the disease; The control method of spider mites is: when the disease center is found at the early stage of spider mite occurrence or the insect strain rate is 20%, 2500-3000 times of 15% Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC, 1000 times of 73% Promitron EC, or 1500-2000 times of 1.8% Avermectin EC are used for stem and leaf spraying.

7. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the control method of the thrips is: in the early stage of occurrence, in the evening or early morning, 6-10 g / mu of 50% acetamiprid water dispersible granules or 20 g / mu of 10% imidacloprid water dispersible granules are used for uniform spraying on the whole plant for control; The control method of beet armyworm and cotton bollworm is as follows: from the peak period of egg hatching to the early larval stage, 700 times of Bacillus thuringiensis liquid with 10 billion to 30 billion live spores / g, or 800 times of 20% chlorpyrifos suspension, or 1000 times of 2.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin liquid are used to spray the stems and leaves; The method for controlling white grubs and cutworms is as follows: during the peak period of hatching eggs and the early larval stage of pests, 1000 g / mu of 30% phoxim microcapsule suspension or 800 g / mu of 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension are used for root spraying or root irrigation; or 50-100 g / mu of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 40-80 g / mu of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate are used for furrow application or irrigation.

8. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the drip irrigation tape recovery is specifically as follows: before the peanuts are harvested, the drip irrigation tape is recovered manually or mechanically, and the accumulated water in the pipe is drained; The timely harvest is specifically as follows: when the top of the peanut plant stops growing, the upper leaves and stems turn yellow, the middle and lower leaves fall off, most of the pod shells are hardened, the reticular patterns are clear, and the inner wall of the shell has blue-brown or black spots, and the fruit fullness index reaches 70% to 80%, it is the appropriate time for harvesting.

9. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the combine harvester harvesting specifically comprises: using the combine harvester to complete the peanut digging, transportation, soil cleaning, fruit picking, cleaning, and fruit collection operations at one time, and the operation quality requirements are: the total loss rate is less than 5.5%, the breakage rate is less than 2%, the unpicked rate is less than 2%, the pod cracking rate is less than 2.5%, and the impurity rate is less than 5%; The segmented harvester harvesting is specifically as follows: peanut harvesting excavator is used to pull up, shake off soil and spread the peanuts, and the peanuts are dried in the sun until the pods make noises when shaken, and then a fruit picking machine is used to complete the picking and sorting of the peanuts, or manual picking and mechanical picking and sorting of the peanuts are performed. The operation quality requirements are as follows: total loss rate is less than 5%, buried fruit rate is less than 2%, qualified rate of excavation depth is more than 98%, broken fruit rate is less than 1%, and soil content is less than 2%.

10. The method for planting peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (8), the drying specifically includes: the peanuts are fully dried after being harvested, and can be stored in a warehouse when the moisture content drops below 9%; The storage is specifically as follows: the storage place is required to be dry, low temperature, ventilated, clean, the relative humidity of the air is lower than 70%, the temperature is lower than 20°C, the air has no odor, and the food should be turned over and exposed to the sun regularly after storage.

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