Casting shape / property regulation and control device and method based on casting mold temperature control technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a casting shape / property regulation and control device and method based on a casting mold temperature control technology, and relates to the technical field of intelligent casting. The invention aims to solve the problems of uncontrollable limitation of a traditional casting solidification control technology in a casting solidification process and low yield of a thin-wall casting process. According to the casting shape regulation and control technology based on the casting mold temperature control technology, the casting mold temperature field is controlled before casting mold filling, and mold filling of a complex thin-wall casting is facilitated; the casting solidification process is controlled through the cooling medium, the mechanical property of the casting is improved, and the casting quality is improved. The invention can obtain the casting shape / property regulation and control device and the regulation and control method based on the casting mold temperature control technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent casting technology, and in particular to a casting shape / property control device and a control method based on mold temperature control technology. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology, from civilian castings to aerospace and military castings, in pursuit of low cost, lightweight, integration, etc., the shape of castings has begun to develop in the direction of large-scale, complex, and thin-walled. At the same time, higher requirements are also put forward for the quality of castings, thereby putting forward higher requirements for casting processes and casting solidification control technologies. In casting production, by combining low-pressure gap pouring technology with traditional casting solidification control technology, the casting problem of large aluminum alloy thin-walled castings is well solved. However, the large number of vertical cylinders introduced by optimizing the pouring system make the process yield of castings low and the casting cost too high, making this casting process difficult to apply to enterprises to achieve mass production.

[0003] The reason for the above problems is that the traditional casting solidification control technology such as chill, riser and subsidy cannot be artificially adjusted during the solidification process of the casting, which makes its control effect on the casting limited and difficult to deal with the molding problem of large and complex castings. Therefore, in the current production of low-pressure aluminum alloy thin-walled castings, the molding of castings can only be achieved by sacrificing the process yield of castings and increasing the cost of castings. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the limitations of traditional casting solidification control technology in the uncontrollable casting solidification process and the problem of low process yield of thin-walled castings, and to provide a casting shape / property control device and control method based on casting mold temperature control technology.

[0005] A casting shape / property control device based on casting mold temperature control technology, comprising a casting pouring platform 1, a casting mold 2, a heating controller 8, a cooling medium pump 9, a cooling controller 10, a temperature monitoring device 11 and a temperature control device 12;

[0006] The discharge port of the casting pouring platform 1 is connected to the feed port of the casting mold 2, and the casting mold 2 is provided with 1 to 30 heating channels 4 and 1 to 30 cooling channels 5;

[0007] The signal output end of the temperature control device 12 is connected to the signal input end of the heating controller 8, the signal output end of the heating controller 8 is connected to the heating channel 4, the heating channel 4 is connected to the temperature monitor b7, and the signal output end of the temperature monitor b7 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device 11;

[0008] The signal output end of the temperature control device 12 is connected to the signal input end of the cooling controller 10, the signal output end of the cooling controller 10 is connected to the cooling channel 5, and a cooling medium pump 9 is arranged between the cooling controller 10 and the cooling channel 5; the cooling channel 5 is connected to the temperature monitor a6, the signal output end of the temperature monitor a6 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device 11, and the signal output end of the temperature monitoring device 11 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature control device 12.

[0009] A casting shape / property control method based on casting mold temperature control technology is carried out in the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation of the temperature heat transfer law of the casting mold 2, the following optimal parameters are obtained: the inner diameter Φ1 of the heating channel 4 is 1-30 mm, the inner diameter Φ2 of the cooling channel 5 is 1-30 mm, the distance d1 between the heating channel 4 and the cooling channel 5 and the outer wall of the casting 3 is 5-30 mm, and the distance d2 between the outer walls of two adjacent heating channels 4 is 5-30 mm;

[0011] Step S2: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation, the optimal heating parameters of the heating channel 4 and the optimal cooling parameters of the cooling channel 5 before and after the casting 3 is filled are obtained respectively, wherein the heating parameters include heating time and heating power, and the cooling parameters include cooling time and cooling power;

[0012] Step S3: before the casting 3 is filled, the temperature control device 12 is used to control the heating controller 8 to heat the casting 2 through the heating medium in the heating channel 4, and sequentially heats the casting 2 from the gate end to the direction away from the gate to form an initial temperature field with decreasing temperature;

[0013] After the casting 3 is filled, the temperature control device 12 is used to control the cooling controller 10 and the cooling medium pump 9, the casting 2 is cooled by the cooling medium in the cooling channel 5, and cooling air with different flow rates is sequentially introduced from the end away from the gate of the casting 2 to the gate end;

[0014] During the solidification process of the casting 3, the temperature field of the mold 2 is controlled in real time within a preset temperature range through the temperature control device 12; finally, the formation of shrinkage cavities and shrinkage defects during the solidification process of the casting 3 is controlled based on the defect criterion model, and the mechanical properties of the final casting 3 are improved by controlling the cooling rate of the casting 3.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] (1) The present invention discloses a casting shape control technology based on mold temperature control technology. A plurality of heat transfer channels are designed in the mold, and the temperature field of the mold is controlled by controlling the heating and cooling of the heat transfer medium. The solidification process of the casting is controlled in real time through a closed-loop temperature control technology. Meanwhile, shrinkage cavities and shrinkage defects of the casting are controlled based on the Niyama criterion model.

[0017] (2) The present invention provides a casting shape control technology based on the casting temperature control technology. By controlling the casting temperature field before the casting is filled, it is beneficial to the filling of complex thin-walled castings. By controlling the solidification process of the casting by the cooling medium, it is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of the casting and improve the casting quality.

[0018] (3) The present invention provides a casting shape control technology based on mold temperature control technology. By controlling the temperature field of the mold, thin-walled castings that are difficult to produce with traditional control technology can be achieved. Based on the mold temperature control technology, it is expected to achieve the molding of large thin-walled cylindrical parts and improve the quality of castings, thereby increasing the casting process yield and reducing casting costs. At the same time, the mold temperature control technology combined with computer technology is expected to achieve precise real-time control of the casting solidification process.

[0019] (4) The present invention proposes to solve the shortcomings of traditional control technology, such as complex design, limited control ability and uncontrollable solidification process, by using the temperature control technology of the casting mold, thereby realizing the molding problem of complex castings that are difficult to achieve with the traditional control technology. At the same time, it is expected to realize the molding process of large thin-walled aluminum alloy castings and solve the problem of low process yield. In addition, based on the casting mold temperature control technology, real-time control of the solidification process of the casting can be achieved, which is conducive to the intelligent transformation of the casting solidification control technology.

[0020] The present invention can obtain a casting shape / property control device and a control method based on the casting mold temperature control technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the experimental device of the casting temperature control technology, 1 represents the casting pouring platform, 2 represents the casting, 3 represents the casting, 4 represents the heating channel, 5 represents the cooling channel, 6 represents the temperature monitor a, 7 represents the temperature monitor b, 8 represents the heating controller, 9 represents the cooling medium pump, 10 represents the cooling controller, 11 represents the temperature monitoring device, and 12 represents the temperature control device;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a design diagram of the heat transfer channel of the mold for the mold temperature control technology, 2 represents the mold, 3 represents the casting, 4 represents the heating channel, and 5 represents the cooling channel;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the casting mold in Example 1, 2 represents the casting mold, 3 represents the casting, 4 represents the heating channel, and 5 represents the cooling channel;

[0024] Figure 4 Graphs showing the experimental results in Example 1, wherein Graph a represents an uncontrolled casting, and Graph b represents a temperature-controlled casting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method is a casting shape / property control device based on casting mold temperature control technology, including a casting pouring platform 1, a casting mold 2, a heating controller 8, a cooling medium pump 9, a cooling controller 10, a temperature monitoring device 11 and a temperature control device 12;

[0026] The discharge port of the casting pouring platform 1 is connected to the feed port of the casting mold 2, and the casting mold 2 is provided with 1 to 30 heating channels 4 and 1 to 30 cooling channels 5;

[0027] The design of heat transfer channels (heating channels and cooling channels) can reduce the use of controllers by connecting the heat transfer channels in series or in parallel according to actual conditions, thereby reducing control costs while ensuring the quality of castings.

[0028] The signal output end of the temperature control device 12 is connected to the signal input end of the heating controller 8, the signal output end of the heating controller 8 is connected to the heating channel 4, the heating channel 4 is connected to the temperature monitor b7, and the signal output end of the temperature monitor b7 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device 11;

[0029] The signal output end of the temperature control device 12 is connected to the signal input end of the cooling controller 10, the signal output end of the cooling controller 10 is connected to the cooling channel 5, and a cooling medium pump 9 is arranged between the cooling controller 10 and the cooling channel 5; the cooling channel 5 is connected to the temperature monitor a6, the signal output end of the temperature monitor a6 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device 11, and the signal output end of the temperature monitoring device 11 is connected to the signal input end of the temperature control device 12.

[0030] Specific embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 1 is that: a groove is provided on the casting mold 2, and the temperature monitor a6 and the temperature monitor b7 are both arranged in the groove.

[0031] The other steps are the same as those in the first specific implementation.

[0032] Specific implementation method three: This implementation method is a casting shape / property control method based on casting mold temperature control technology, which is carried out according to the following steps:

[0033] Step S1: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation of the temperature heat transfer law of the casting mold 2, the following optimal parameters are obtained: the inner diameter Φ1 of the heating channel 4 is 1-30 mm, the inner diameter Φ2 of the cooling channel 5 is 1-30 mm, the distance d1 between the heating channel 4 and the cooling channel 5 and the outer wall of the casting 3 is 5-30 mm, and the distance d2 between the outer walls of two adjacent heating channels 4 is 5-30 mm;

[0034] Heat transfer channel design and preparation method: To improve the heat transfer efficiency, the distance between the heat transfer channel and the casting should be as small as possible. However, considering the different strengths and properties of different casting materials, it is necessary to determine the distance d1 between the heat transfer channel and the casting according to the casting material selected in the experiment. Different heat transfer channel layout schemes are designed according to the wall thickness and height of the casting. By setting the same heating temperature T h and power, simulate the heat transfer law of the mold, compare the distribution law of the mold temperature field under the same process parameters, extract the temperature curves of multiple mold feature points, and calculate their temperature response time, that is, the characteristic point reaches 0.5T h The time required, the calculation scheme with the shortest response time is selected as the optimal layout parameters: Ф1, Ф2, d2. At the same time, the heat transfer channel in the casting runs through the casting to facilitate connection with the heat transfer controller. Finally, the casting with a heat transfer channel is obtained through additive manufacturing technology.

[0035] Step S2: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation, the optimal heating parameters of the heating channel 4 and the optimal cooling parameters of the cooling channel 5 before and after the casting 3 is filled are obtained respectively, wherein the heating parameters include heating time and heating power, and the cooling parameters include cooling time and cooling power;

[0036] The design optimization method of heating and cooling parameters is as follows: a model consistent with the experiment is established in the ProCAST simulation software. First, the design optimization of heating and cooling parameters before casting filling is carried out, the heating time of the heat transfer medium and the heating power (cooling time and cooling medium flow rate) are designed, the initial casting temperature field before casting filling is calculated, and the temperature distance Tx curve in the casting direction is extracted from the simulation results. By designing multiple sets of heat transfer parameters for simulation calculation, the smoothness of the Tx curve and the heating and cooling time are analyzed, and the optimal initial casting temperature field control parameters are obtained (the specific optimization method is: the top and bottom of the Tx curve form a straight line, and the point in the middle of the curve is the closest to the straight line. This curve is selected as the optimal curve). By controlling this parameter, different gradients of initial casting temperature fields can be formed, and the pre-selected values ​​of the heat transfer parameters before casting filling are obtained.

[0037] Then, the design optimization of heating and cooling parameters after casting filling is carried out, the process parameters of heat transfer medium after casting filling start are designed, and then the scheme combination design is carried out with the pre-selected values ​​of heat transfer parameters before casting filling to obtain multiple groups of simulation schemes. Then, the casting filling and solidification process is simulated and calculated.

[0038] In the simulation results, the filling integrity of the casting is first compared. The incompletely filled casting is a temperature control failure. The simulation scheme with complete casting filling is selected for the next step of analysis; then the temperature field during the solidification process of the casting is analyzed, and the casting temperature gradient G and cooling rate R are calculated according to the formula. value, based on the Niyama criterion, i.e. in the casting Value is less than C Niyama In the area with shrinkage defects, shrinkage defects will occur, and vice versa. In addition, the cooling rate determines the grain size and mechanical properties of the casting, that is, the greater the cooling rate, the better the mechanical properties of the casting. Therefore, the simulation results are compared with the shrinkage defects and cooling rates, and the calculation scheme with the least shrinkage defects and the highest cooling rate is the best scheme, thereby determining the heat transfer parameters before and after the casting is filled, and extracting the preset range of the mold monitoring point temperature corresponding to the experiment from the simulation calculation results.

[0039] The calculation formula of temperature gradient G and cooling rate R is as follows. The distribution of casting temperature gradient and cooling rate is calculated by ProCAST post-processing:

[0040] Critical temperature T C The calculation formula is as follows, where T S 、T L are the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of the alloy, which are determined by the alloy composition:

[0041] T C =T S +(T L -T S )·0.1;

[0042] When the temperature of zi reaches the critical temperature T C When the fitting point z i+1 、z i 、z i-1 The temperature value of is obtained as the following quadratic polynomial, and then the temperature gradient G is obtained by differentiation;

[0043] T(Z)=a2z 2 +a1z+a0;

[0044]

[0045] The cooling rate is calculated as follows: T S 、TL are the solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of the alloy, t L ,t S is the time required to reach the liquidus and solidus temperatures;

[0046]

[0047] Step S3: Using the optimized heating and cooling parameters, during the experiment, before the casting 3 is filled, the temperature control device 12 is used to control the heating controller 8 to heat the casting 2 through the heating medium in the heating channel 4, and sequentially heats the casting 2 from the gate end to the direction away from the gate to form an initial temperature field with decreasing temperature; after the casting 3 is filled, the temperature control device 12 is used to control the cooling controller 10 and the cooling medium pump 9, and the casting 2 is cooled by the cooling medium in the cooling channel 5, and cooling air with different flow rates is sequentially introduced from the end away from the gate of the casting 2 to the gate end. During the solidification process of the casting 3, the closed-loop temperature control device 12 controls the temperature field of the casting 2 in real time, so that the temperature monitoring values ​​of each point of the casting are within the preset range obtained by simulation calculation.

[0048] During the solidification process of the casting, the temperature monitoring points of the mold are controlled in real time through a closed-loop temperature control system. The control method is: based on the optimal temperature control scheme obtained by numerical simulation, the change law of the mold temperature field is obtained through the simulation results, and the temperature-time law curve of the corresponding temperature monitoring point in the experiment is extracted from the simulation results, which is used as the control target of the temperature control system.

[0049] The working principle of the closed-loop temperature control device: Based on the ProCAST simulation calculation, the casting temperature field of the casting 3 solidification process is obtained, and the calculation result is set as the preset temperature of the temperature control device 12. The temperature measurement value of the thermocouple installed on the surface of the casting 2 is fed back to the temperature control device 12. By comparing and analyzing with the preset temperature, the heating or cooling of different temperature measurement areas is automatically controlled, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the casting solidification process.

[0050] Step S4: After the casting is completely solidified, check the temperature curves of each mold temperature monitoring point and the corresponding monitoring points obtained by simulation for comparison and analysis. As long as the mold temperature curve is within the preset control range and coincides with the simulation calculation, it is considered that the casting temperature control is reasonable, and based on the Niyama defect criterion, it can be concluded that the casting will not have defects. Then, the experimental casting is subjected to defect analysis using an X-ray flaw detector.

[0051] Specific embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment 3 is that the casting mold 2 is made by additive manufacturing technology.

[0052] The other steps are the same as those in the third specific implementation method.

[0053] Specific embodiment 5: This embodiment is different from specific embodiment 3 or 4 in that: the casting mold 2 is made of sand, metal or graphite.

[0054] The other steps are the same as those in the third or fourth embodiment.

[0055] Specific implementation method 6: The difference between this implementation method and any one of specific implementation methods 3 to 5 is that the heating medium is hot oil or a heating rod.

[0056] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 3 to 5.

[0057] Specific implementation method seven: The difference between this implementation method and any one of specific implementation methods three to six is ​​that the cooling medium is cooling water or cooling air.

[0058] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 3 to 6.

[0059] Specific embodiment eight: The difference between this embodiment and any one of specific embodiments three to seven is that the heating controller 8 is a solenoid valve or an electromagnetic relay.

[0060] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 3 to 7.

[0061] Specific embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and any one of specific embodiments 3 to 8 is that the cooling controller 10 is a solenoid valve.

[0062] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 3 to 8.

[0063] Specific implementation method 10: This implementation method is different from specific implementation methods 1 to 9 in that the defect criterion model is the Niyama criterion model. G represents the temperature gradient of casting 3, R represents the cooling rate of casting 3, C Niyama Represents the critical value of Niyama criterion. The critical value of Niyama is related to the type of alloy selected. The specific value is determined according to relevant literature. Niyama defect criterion principle: If there is If there is a shrinkage defect in the area, the shrinkage defect will appear in the area, otherwise it will not appear. If no defect occurs, the test is successful; if there is a defect, the test should be repeated and the cooling rate should be adjusted accordingly.

[0064] The other steps are the same as those in Specific Embodiments 1 to 9.

[0065] The following examples are used to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0066] Embodiment 1: A casting shape / property control method based on casting mold temperature control technology is carried out according to the following steps:

[0067] 1. This embodiment takes the sand mold low-pressure casting of ZL205A alloy plate as an example, and the plate size is: 10mm×100m×300mm. First, based on the ProCAST simulation, calculate the influence of the heat transfer channel layout on the solidification process of the casting, and select the optimal layout parameters: the inner diameter Ф1 of the heating channel 4 is 20mm, the inner diameter Ф2 of the cooling channel 5 is 20mm, the distance d1 between the heating channel 4 and the cooling channel 5 and the outer wall of the casting 3 is 10mm, and the distance d2 between the outer walls of two adjacent heating channels 4 is 10mm. The sand mold design runs through the heating channel 4 and the cooling channel 5, of which 10 heating channels 4 are set and 13 cooling channels 5 are set. The design schematic diagram of the casting mold 2 is shown as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the heating channels 4 at the same height are controlled by the same controller in parallel, and the three cooling channels 5 at the top of the mold are connected in parallel and controlled by the same cooling controller; the heating medium is a heating rod, which is directly installed in the corresponding through-heating channel 4, and the heating temperature and heating time of each heating rod are controlled by a relay; the cooling medium is cooling air, and a stainless steel high-temperature resistant pipe is installed in the corresponding cooling channel 5 inside the sand mold, and a plastic hose is selected outside the sand mold, which is connected to the solenoid valve and the compressed air pump, and the compressed air pump is controlled by the solenoid valve, so as to control the flow rate and the passage time of the cooling air. A total of 11 temperature measuring points are designed, and each temperature measuring point corresponds to a different heat transfer controller (heating controller and cooling controller). Through temperature monitoring, the temperature field of the mold is controlled in real time. The temperature control device is selected: Huikong 8-channel temperature controller, model THKT088K, and the temperature monitoring device is a desktop 16-channel temperature paperless recorder.

[0068] 2. In the simulation calculation, we first designed a scheme for the initial temperature field of the mold controlled by the heating parameters and the solidification process of the casting after filling controlled by the cooling parameters. First, we optimized the initial temperature field of the mold with a gradient of 4.8℃ / cm (molding hot end temperature 234℃-molding cold end temperature 41℃), 6.8℃ / cm (314℃-42℃), 8.8℃ / cm (392℃-43℃), 11.3℃ / cm (494℃-44℃), and 13.2℃ / cm (569℃-44℃), and obtained five sets of pre-selected values ​​for heating parameters. Then the cooling parameters were designed, and combined with these five sets of heating parameters to obtain a simulation calculation scheme. Analysis of the calculation results: First, the casting filling process was analyzed. The castings of all schemes were completely filled. Then, the solidification process of the casting was analyzed. The temperature gradient G and cooling rate R of the casting were calculated by the method, and the analysis and comparison were performed. With C Niyama The value of the aluminum alloy material C Niyama The value is 2(K·s) provided in the relevant literature. 0.5 / cm, based on Niyama defect criteria, as long as the casting Value greater than CNiyama , the casting will not have shrinkage defects. Thus, the optimal heating parameters and cooling parameters, as well as the preset temperature range of the mold temperature monitoring point are obtained.

[0069] 3. Before the casting 3 is filled, the heating temperature and heating time of each heating rod are controlled by the control relay to heat from the gate end of the casting 2 to the direction away from the gate in sequence to form an initial temperature field with decreasing temperature, and the heating parameters optimized by simulation calculation are used, as shown in Table 1; after the casting starts to be filled, cooling air with different flow rates is passed in sequence from the end away from the gate to the gate end by controlling the solenoid valve, and the cooling parameters optimized by simulation calculation are used, as shown in Table 2. Subsequently, during the solidification process of the casting, the temperature field of the casting is controlled in real time by the closed-loop temperature control system, so that the temperature monitoring values ​​of each point of the casting are within the preset range obtained by simulation calculation.

[0070] Table 1

[0071] Heating channel number 1 2 3 4 5 Heating temperature / ℃ 500 400 300 200 100 Heating time / min 30 20 15 10 5

[0072] like Figure 3 As shown, the heating channels are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 from bottom to top.

[0073] Table 2

[0074] Cooling channel number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cooling temperature / ℃ 25 25 20 15 10 5 Start cooling time / s 20 15 10 5 0 -5

[0075] like Figure 3 As shown, the cooling channels are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 from bottom to top.

[0076] Note: The starting cooling time in Table 2 is based on the casting filling time as zero time, the cooling before casting filling is represented by negative numbers, and the cooling after casting filling is represented by positive numbers.

[0077] 4. After the casting is completely solidified, check each mold temperature monitoring point and compare and analyze the temperature curve of the corresponding monitoring point obtained by simulation. As long as the mold temperature curve is within the preset control range and coincides with the simulation calculation, it is considered that the casting temperature control is reasonable. Based on the Niyama defect criterion, it can be concluded that the casting will not have defects. Then the casting is analyzed for defects using an X-ray flaw detector. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, compared with the uncontrolled plate a, the temperature controlled casting b has no shrinkage defects and the internal quality of the casting is improved, which proves the effectiveness of temperature control technology in controlling casting defects.

Claims

1. A casting shape / property control device based on mold temperature control technology, characterized in that The casting shape / property regulating device comprises a casting pouring platform (1), a casting mold (2), a heating controller (8), a cooling medium pump (9), a cooling controller (10), a temperature monitoring device (11) and a temperature control device (12); The discharge port of the casting pouring platform (1) is connected to the feed port of the casting mold (2), and the casting mold (2) is provided with 1 to 30 heating channels (4) and 1 to 30 cooling channels (5); The signal output end of the temperature control device (12) is connected to the signal input end of the heating controller (8), the signal output end of the heating controller (8) is connected to the heating channel (4), the heating channel (4) is connected to the temperature monitor b (7), and the signal output end of the temperature monitor b (7) is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device (11); The signal output end of the temperature control device (12) is connected to the signal input end of the cooling controller (10), the signal output end of the cooling controller (10) is connected to the cooling channel (5), and a cooling medium pump (9) is provided between the cooling controller (10) and the cooling channel (5); the cooling channel (5) is connected to the temperature monitor a (6), the signal output end of the temperature monitor a (6) is connected to the signal input end of the temperature monitoring device (11), and the signal output end of the temperature monitoring device (11) is connected to the signal input end of the temperature control device (12).

2. The casting shape / property control device based on casting mold temperature control technology according to claim 1, characterized in that The casting mold (2) is provided with a groove, and the temperature monitor a (6) and the temperature monitor b (7) are both arranged in the groove.

3. A casting shape / property control method based on casting temperature control technology, characterized in that The control method is carried out according to the following steps: Step S1: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation of the temperature heat transfer law of the casting mold (2), the following optimal parameters are obtained: the inner diameter Φ1 of the heating channel (4) is 1 to 30 mm, the inner diameter Φ2 of the cooling channel (5) is 1 to 30 mm, the distance d1 between the heating channel (4) and the cooling channel (5) and the outer wall of the casting (3) is 5 to 30 mm, and the distance d2 between the outer walls of two adjacent heating channels (4) is 5 to 30 mm; Step S2: Based on ProCAST simulation calculation, optimal heating parameters of the heating channel (4) and optimal cooling parameters of the cooling channel (5) before and after the casting (3) is filled are obtained, respectively, wherein the heating parameters include heating time and heating power, and the cooling parameters include cooling time and cooling power; Step S3: before the casting (3) is filled, the temperature control device (12) controls the heating controller (8) to heat the casting (2) through the heating medium in the heating channel (4), and sequentially heats from one end of the casting gate of the casting (2) to a direction away from the casting gate to form an initial temperature field with decreasing temperature; After the casting (3) is filled, a temperature control device (12) is used to control a cooling controller (10) and a cooling medium pump (9), so that the casting (2) is cooled by the cooling medium in the cooling channel (5), and cooling air with different flow rates is sequentially introduced from an end away from the gate of the casting (2) to an end of the gate; During the solidification process of the casting (3), the temperature field of the casting mold (2) is controlled in real time by a temperature control device (12) to be within a preset temperature range; finally, the formation of shrinkage cavities and shrinkage defects during the solidification process of the casting (3) is controlled based on a defect criterion model, and the mechanical properties of the final casting (3) are improved by controlling the cooling rate of the casting (3).

4. The casting shape / property control method based on casting mold temperature control technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that The casting mold (2) is made by additive manufacturing technology.

5. A casting shape / property control method based on mold temperature control technology according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The casting mold (2) is made of sand, metal or graphite.

6. The method for controlling the shape / properties of a casting based on the casting temperature control technology according to claim 3, characterized in that The heating medium is hot oil or a heating rod.

7. The method for controlling the shape / properties of a casting based on the casting temperature control technology according to claim 3, characterized in that The cooling medium is cooling water or cooling air.

8. The method for controlling the casting shape / properties based on the casting mold temperature control technology according to claim 3, characterized in that The heating controller (8) is a solenoid valve or an electromagnetic relay.

9. The method for controlling the casting shape / properties based on the casting mold temperature control technology according to claim 3, characterized in that The cooling controller (10) is a solenoid valve.

10. The casting shape / property control method based on casting mold temperature control technology according to claim 3, characterized in that The defect criterion model is the Niyama criterion model. G represents the temperature gradient of the casting (3), R represents the cooling rate of the casting (3), C Niyama Represents the Niyama criterion critical value.

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