Fertilizer for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng soil as well as preparation method and application of fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng soil as well as a preparation method and application of the fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of anti-stress preparations and fertilizers. According to the invention, the mixed bacterial liquid is loaded in the pore structure of the porous carrier, and organic and inorganic fertilizers are combined to prepare the fertilizer capable of eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng soil. The obtained fertilizer can achieve the following effects: (1) the pH value of soil is increased, the problem that the pH value of the soil is reduced due to continuous cropping is solved, and the growth of American ginseng is promoted; and (2) the porous carrier can adsorb phenolic acid substances in root exudates of the American ginseng through physical and chemical effects, so that the phenolic acid substances are prevented from generating toxic effects on the American ginseng, the growth of the American ginseng is promoted, and continuous cropping obstacles are eliminated. And (3) improving the microbial community structure and composition, further promoting the growth of American ginseng, and increasing the yield of American ginseng.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of anti-stress preparations and fertilizers, and more specifically relates to a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Continuous cropping disorder refers to the phenomenon that the same type of plants are continuously planted in the same soil, resulting in serious plant diseases and insect pests, reduced yields, and decreased quality. Continuous cropping disorder is a common phenomenon and is prevalent in the cultivation of crops and medicinal plants. American ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and has very important value in the pharmaceutical industry. There are few wild American ginseng resources, and most of the ginseng used in medicine is currently obtained through cultivation. However, continuous cropping disorder leads to the degradation of the quality of medicinal materials, which has long restricted the development of the American ginseng industry.

[0003] At present, the soil continuous cropping barrier of American ginseng is usually improved by adding microbial agents and organic and inorganic fertilizers to the soil to improve the structure and composition of the microbial community in the soil, adjust the diversity and richness of bacteria and fungi, and increase the activity of enzymes in the soil. However, this treatment method can only improve the soil continuous cropping barrier of American ginseng in a short period of time, and cannot cure the soil continuous cropping barrier of American ginseng. In addition, it takes 5 to 6 years from seed sowing to harvesting of American ginseng, which is a long time. If conventional methods are used to improve the soil continuous cropping barrier of American ginseng, the amount of fertilizer and the frequency of fertilization need to be increased. Excessive fertilization will not only cause the deterioration of soil properties, acidification and compaction, and affect the re-sowing of American ginseng; it will also affect the root absorption capacity of American ginseng and increase the probability of disease occurrence. Therefore, the development of a fertilizer that can eliminate the soil continuous cropping barrier of American ginseng is of great significance to improving the yield and quality of American ginseng and promoting the development of the American ginseng industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng in the soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, improve the yield and quality of American ginseng, and promote the development of the American ginseng industry.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in the soil. The raw materials for preparing the fertilizer include, by weight, 90 to 130 parts of porous carriers, 47 to 70 parts of mixed bacterial liquids, and 75 to 200 parts of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

[0007] The porous carrier is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of steel slag, 25 to 35 parts of waste ceramics, 15 to 25 parts of waste biochar, 10 to 15 parts of dolomite and 15 to 25 parts of straw;

[0008] The mixed bacterial liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 5 to 6 parts of calcium salt and 40 to 60 parts of water;

[0009] The organic and inorganic fertilizers include, by weight, 20 to 40 parts of humic acid, 15 to 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 5 to 15 parts of polyglutamic acid, 5 to 30 parts of superphosphate, 10 to 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 20 parts of cow dung and 10 to 20 parts of chicken dung.

[0010] The porous carrier in the present invention is prepared by mixing solid waste materials of steel slag, waste ceramics, waste biochar and straw with dolomite, which can realize the recycling and reuse of solid waste materials and avoid pollution to the environment. Among them, magnesium carbonate and part of calcium carbonate in dolomite will decompose at the carbonization temperature to obtain magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. At the same time, CO2 gas produced by the decomposition of dolomite can play the role of pore-forming agent, significantly increase the specific surface area of ​​the porous carrier, and improve its adsorption effect; undecomposed calcium carbonate can adjust soil pH, improve soil fertility and improve soil structure. The main components of steel slag are calcium, iron, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, phosphorus, etc., and the above elements correspond to trace elements in the soil; the trace element content in the soil can be supplemented by steel slag, and the fertility of the soil can be further improved; the main components of ceramic waste are aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide can increase the pH value of the soil, which can not only solve the problem of reduced soil pH value caused by continuous cropping, but also increase the variable negative charge on the soil surface, and enhance the ability of the porous carrier to adsorb phenolic acid substances. At the same time, the present invention loads the mixed bacterial solution on the surface of the porous carrier, which can passivate the heavy metals in the porous carrier to a certain extent and avoid the pollution of the heavy metals to the soil.

[0011] The invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of American ginseng by mixing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa in a certain proportion, and can also realize the passivation of heavy metals in the porous carrier.

[0012] The present invention loads mixed bacterial liquid in the pore structure of a porous carrier, and combines it with organic and inorganic fertilizers to prepare a fertilizer capable of eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng in the soil; wherein the pore structure of the porous carrier can provide a living space for the mixed bacterial liquid, and ensure that the mixed bacterial liquid plays a positive role in the soil; the carrier loaded with the mixed bacterial liquid is used in combination with the organic and inorganic fertilizers to achieve the following effects: 1. Improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil: increasing the pH value of the soil, solving the problems of reduced soil pH value, increased soil salinity, and significant changes in nitrogen content caused by continuous cropping, thereby promoting the growth of American ginseng; 2. Adsorption: the porous carrier can adsorb phenolic acid substances in the root secretions of American ginseng through physical and chemical effects, avoiding the toxic effects of the phenolic acid substances on the American ginseng itself, promoting the growth of American ginseng, and eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle. 3. Improve the structure and composition of microbial communities: Mixed bacterial solution and organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve the changes in the structure and composition of soil microbial communities caused by continuous cropping (decreased bacterial diversity, increased fungal diversity and richness), significantly increase soil enzyme activity, thereby promoting the growth of American ginseng, avoiding the accumulation and spread of diseases and pests, reducing the incidence of diseases and pests of American ginseng, and increasing the yield of American ginseng.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation of the porous carrier comprises the following steps:

[0014] Steel slag, waste ceramics, waste biochar, dolomite and straw are mixed and carbonized to obtain a porous carrier.

[0015] Preferably, the carbonization temperature is 1000-1200° C., the carbonization heating rate is 15-30° C. / min, and the carbonization holding time is 3-5 h.

[0016] Preferably, the calcium salt in the mixed bacterial liquid includes one or more of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the Bacillus subtilis preparation and the Bacillus polymyxa preparation in the mixed bacterial liquid are prepared by Bacillus subtilis with a tolerance pH value of 10 to 12 and Bacillus polymyxa with a tolerance pH value of 10 to 12, respectively; and the selection of bacterial strains with a tolerance pH value of 10 to 12 can ensure that the bacterial strains are successfully loaded on the porous carrier.

[0017] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) domesticating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa respectively to obtain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 10 to 12; centrifuging and freeze-drying the Bacillus subtilis culture solution and the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution in sequence to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation and a Bacillus polymyxa preparation; mixing the Bacillus subtilis preparation, the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, a calcium salt and water according to a dosage ratio to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0019] (2) placing the porous carrier in the mixed bacterial solution according to the dosage ratio for immersion treatment to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0020] (3) According to the usage ratio, the porous carrier loaded with the bacteria is mixed with the organic and inorganic fertilizer raw materials to obtain the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in the soil.

[0021] Preferably, the domestication comprises: inoculating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa into culture dishes with independent pH values ​​of 10-12, respectively, and screening surviving Bacillus subtilis and surviving Bacillus polymyxa.

[0022] Preferably, the centrifugal speed is independently 1000 to 5000 r / min; the freeze-drying temperature is independently -30 to -20°C, and the freeze-drying time is independently 40 to 80 min.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the porous carrier is 0.1 to 0.2 mm, the impregnation is vacuum negative pressure impregnation, and the impregnation time is 10 to 20 minutes.

[0024] More preferably, the impregnation comprises: placing the porous carrier in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation.

[0025] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide the application of the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in the cultivation of American ginseng.

[0026] The fourth technical solution of the present invention provides a method for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng in the soil, comprising: applying the fertilizer for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng in the soil; the application amount of the fertilizer for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng in the soil is 300-500kg / mu.

[0027] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention loads the mixed bacterial liquid into the pore structure of a porous carrier, and combines it with organic and inorganic fertilizers to prepare a fertilizer that can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacles of American ginseng soil. The obtained fertilizer can achieve the following effects: (1) Improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil: increase the pH value of the soil, solve the problems of reduced soil pH value, increased soil salinity, and significant changes in nitrogen content caused by continuous cropping, and thus promote the growth of American ginseng; (2) Adsorption: The porous carrier can adsorb phenolic acid substances in the root secretions of American ginseng through physical and chemical effects to avoid its toxic effects on American ginseng itself, promote the growth of American ginseng, and eliminate the continuous cropping obstacles. (3) Improve the structure and composition of the microbial community: The mixed bacterial liquid and organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve the changes in the structure and composition of the soil microbial community caused by continuous cropping (reduced bacterial diversity, increased fungal diversity and richness), significantly improve the enzyme activity of the soil, thereby promoting the growth of American ginseng, avoiding the accumulation and spread of pests and diseases, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases of American ginseng, and increasing the yield of American ginseng.

[0029] 2. The fertilizer of the present invention is prepared from a variety of solid waste materials, which not only improves the recycling rate of solid waste materials, but also avoids their pollution to the environment; the raw materials used for the fertilizer are simple and easy to obtain, the preparation process is simple, and no large-scale equipment is required, which is suitable for large-scale promotion and application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0032] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0033] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0034] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0035] The present invention also describes the raw materials and parameters involved in the following examples and comparative examples:

[0036] The main purpose of adding calcium chloride in the preparation process of microbial agents is to promote the immobilization of microorganisms and improve the stability of microbial agents. The role of calcium chloride in the preparation of microbial agents is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Improving the stability of microbial agents: Calcium chloride can increase the permeability of the cell wall of the bacterial strain, making it easier for the bacterial cells to be fixed in the gel, forming a stable structure, thereby improving the stability of the microbial agent. 2. Adjusting the pH value: Calcium chloride can play a role in regulating the pH value and maintaining the appropriate pH value during the domestication process, thereby promoting the growth of microorganisms and the domestication efficiency. 3. Increasing the stability of the cell membrane: Calcium chloride can increase the stability of the cell membrane, promote the growth of microorganisms, and improve the domestication efficiency and product quality.

[0037] Preparation of culture medium (J-agar medium) and culture conditions of Bacillus subtilis: Ingredients: 5 g / L tryptone, 15 g / L yeast extract, 3 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 g / L glucose and 20 g / L agar; Preparation method: Dissolve the above ingredients in distilled water in the specified amount, adjust the pH value to 7.4±0.1, and use after high-pressure steam sterilization at 121°C for 20 min; Culture conditions: 37°C for 24 h.

[0038] Preparation and culture conditions of the culture medium for Bacillus polymyxa (Tryptone Soy Agar Medium (TSA)): Ingredients: Tryptone 17.0 g / L, soy peptone 3.0 g / L, glucose 2.5 g / L, agar 20.0 g / L, NaCl 5.0 g / L and K2HPO4 2.5 g / L; Preparation method: Dissolve the above ingredients in distilled water at the specified amount, adjust the pH value to 7.2±0.2, and use after high-pressure steam sterilization at 121°C for 20 min; Culture conditions: 37°C for 24 h.

[0039] The steel slag used was taken from a steel mill in Dezhou City, with a particle size of 200 μm; the waste ceramics used were taken from a ceramic processing plant in Dezhou City, with a particle size of 500 μm; the waste biochar used was taken from a waste activated carbon recycling plant in Dezhou City, with a particle size of 200 μm; the dolomite used had a particle size of 150 μm; the straw used was corn straw, with a particle size of 0.01 mm;

[0040] Other raw materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified;

[0041] The drying process is carried out using conventional drying methods and parameters unless otherwise specified.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) 20 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of waste ceramics, 15 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 15 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1000°C at a heating rate of 30°C / min and kept at this temperature for 4 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0045] (2) adjusting the pH values ​​of the culture dishes of the cultured Bacillus subtilis and the cultured Bacillus polymyxa to 12, respectively, screening the surviving Bacillus subtilis and the surviving Bacillus polymyxa to obtain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 12; centrifuging the Bacillus subtilis culture solution and the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution at a rate of 5000 r / min, respectively, and freeze-drying the solid products at -20°C for 60 min to obtain Bacillus subtilis preparations and Bacillus polymyxa preparations; mixing 2 parts of the Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2 parts of the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 6 parts of calcium chloride and 40 parts of water to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0046] (3) placing the porous carrier obtained in step (1) in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution obtained in step (2) thereto, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation for 20 minutes to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0047] (4) mixing the porous carrier loaded with the bacterial strain obtained in step (3) with 20 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of chicken dung, and drying to obtain a fertilizer.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0050] (1) 25 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of waste ceramics, 20 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 20 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1100°C at a heating rate of 25°C / min and kept at this temperature for 3 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0051] (2) adjusting the pH values ​​of the culture dishes of the cultured Bacillus subtilis and the cultured Bacillus polymyxa to 12, respectively, screening the surviving Bacillus subtilis and the surviving Bacillus polymyxa to obtain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 12; centrifuging the Bacillus subtilis culture solution and the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution at a rate of 4000 r / min, respectively, and freeze-drying the solid products at -20°C for 60 min to obtain Bacillus subtilis preparations and Bacillus polymyxa preparations; mixing 1.5 parts of the Bacillus subtilis preparation, 2 parts of the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 6 parts of calcium bromide and 45 parts of water to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0052] (3) placing the porous carrier obtained in step (1) in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution obtained in step (2) thereto, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation for 20 minutes to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0053] (4) The porous carrier loaded with the bacterial strain obtained in step (3) is mixed with 30 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of silicon fertilizer, 15 parts of polyglutamic acid, 20 parts of superphosphate, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of cow dung and 15 parts of chicken dung, and dried to obtain a fertilizer.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) 20 parts of steel slag, 30 parts of waste ceramics, 20 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 20 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1050°C at a heating rate of 20°C / min and kept for 4 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0057] (2) adjusting the pH values ​​of the culture dishes of the cultured Bacillus subtilis and the cultured Bacillus polymyxa to 11, respectively, screening the surviving Bacillus subtilis and the surviving Bacillus polymyxa to obtain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 11; centrifuging the Bacillus subtilis culture solution and the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution at a rate of 3000 r / min, respectively, and freeze-drying the solid products at -20°C for 60 min to obtain Bacillus subtilis preparations and Bacillus polymyxa preparations; mixing 2 parts of the Bacillus subtilis preparation, 1.5 parts of the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 6 parts of calcium chloride and 45 parts of water to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0058] (3) placing the porous carrier obtained in step (1) in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution obtained in step (2) thereto, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation for 20 minutes to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0059] (4) Mixing the porous carrier loaded with the bacterial strain obtained in step (3) with 35 parts of humic acid, 30 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 20 parts of superphosphate, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of cow dung and 20 parts of chicken dung, and drying to obtain a fertilizer.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of dolomite is omitted, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of steel slag is omitted, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of waste ceramics is omitted, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 4

[0067] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0068] (1) 20 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of waste ceramics, 15 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 15 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1000°C at a heating rate of 30°C / min and kept at this temperature for 4 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0069] (2) The porous carrier obtained in step (1) is mixed with 20 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of chicken dung, and dried to obtain a fertilizer.

[0070] Comparative Example 5

[0071] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0072] (1) 20 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of waste ceramics, 15 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 15 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1000°C at a heating rate of 30°C / min and kept at this temperature for 4 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0073] (2) adjusting the pH value of the culture dish of the cultured Bacillus subtilis to 12, screening the surviving Bacillus subtilis, and obtaining Bacillus subtilis that can tolerate a pH value of 12; centrifuging the Bacillus subtilis culture solution at a rate of 5000 r / min, taking the solid product and freeze-drying it at -20°C for 60 min to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation; mixing 4 parts of the Bacillus subtilis preparation, 6 parts of calcium chloride and 40 parts of water to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0074] (3) placing the porous carrier obtained in step (1) in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution obtained in step (2) thereto, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation for 20 minutes to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0075] (4) mixing the porous carrier loaded with the bacterial strain obtained in step (3) with 20 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of chicken dung, and drying to obtain a fertilizer.

[0076] Comparative Example 6

[0077] This comparative example provides a method for preparing a fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0078] (1) 20 parts of steel slag, 25 parts of waste ceramics, 15 parts of waste biochar, 10 parts of dolomite and 15 parts of straw were mixed and placed in a carbonization furnace. The temperature was raised to 1000°C at a heating rate of 30°C / min and kept at this temperature for 4 h. The porous carrier with a particle size of 0.1 mm was obtained by grinding and sieving.

[0079] (2) adjusting the pH value of the culture dish of the cultured Bacillus polymyxa to 12, screening the surviving Bacillus polymyxa to obtain Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 12; centrifuging the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution at a rate of 5000 r / min, taking the solid product and freeze-drying it at -20°C for 60 minutes to obtain a Bacillus polymyxa preparation; mixing 4 parts of the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 6 parts of calcium chloride and 40 parts of water to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0080] (3) placing the porous carrier obtained in step (1) in a single-injection single-vacuum tumbling stirring container, adding the mixed bacterial solution obtained in step (2) thereto, and performing vacuum negative pressure impregnation for 20 minutes to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains;

[0081] (4) mixing the porous carrier loaded with the bacterial strain obtained in step (3) with 20 parts of humic acid, 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 30 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of cow dung and 10 parts of chicken dung, and drying to obtain a fertilizer.

[0082] Comparative Example 7

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of the Bacillus subtilis preparation is adjusted to 6 parts, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 8

[0085] The difference from Example 1 is that the dosage of the Bacillus polymyxa preparation is adjusted to 5 parts, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0086] Test example

[0087] The experimental site was set up in a ginseng field in Dezhou City, and the old ginseng field that had been rotated for 4 years was used as the experimental field. The soil conditions of the experimental field are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1 Soil conditions of the experimental field

[0089]

[0090] Before the experiment, the experimental field was pre-treated, including deep plowing once and rotary tillage five times. 2.5 kg of corn stalks were applied per square meter of the experimental field. For each mu of the experimental field, 3 kg of thiram, 2 kg of carbendazim and 1 kg of ethylenediamine were mixed and spread on the soil for disinfection.

[0091] 1.1 Test methods

[0092] The experiment adopted a randomized block design, with 3 replicates for each treatment and an area of ​​10m2 for each plot. 2 , random sampling is carried out regularly, and protective rows no less than the width of the plot are set around the experimental field. Irrigate the day before planting ginseng, and control the amount of water so that the planting site is not too wet.

[0093] Before transplanting, select two-year-old short and strong seedlings with full buds, no diseases, complete roots, and uniform size. Do not damage the roots; soak the roots in 100 times omega solution for 2 hours before transplanting. Transplant according to the row spacing of 20×8cm. When transplanting, cover the buds with a layer of nutrient fertilizer (55kg of organic carbon fertilizer, 100kg of fine soil, and spray the above materials with 100 times omega solution to mix them evenly). After planting American ginseng, use Fumeishuang for disinfection, and then carry out field management according to the growth routine.

[0094] Eleven different treatment factors were selected to treat the soil in each experimental field. After each treatment material was sprinkled on the bed surface, it was plowed to a depth of 15 cm.

[0095] The specific processing is:

[0096] Test group: each group was respectively applied with the fertilizers of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8; control group: commercially available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied.

[0097] 1.2 Test items and measurement methods

[0098] 1.2.1 Field index survey

[0099] Survey on seedling emergence rate and seedling survival rate: After all seedlings have emerged, randomly select 2m 2 Conduct a survey on the germination rate; germination rate (%) = number of germination plants / total number of planted plants × 100%; before transplanting, randomly select 2m2 of seedlings from each plot. 2 Investigate the number of seedlings that survived and calculate the seedling survival rate; seedling survival rate (%) = number of seedlings that survived / total number of investigated plants × 100%.

[0100] Plant growth status survey: Plant height: The height from the bed surface to the top of the inflorescence is the plant height. Randomly select 20 plants from each plot and take the average. Root length: Measure the length of the longest root of each plant. Randomly select 20 plants from each plot and take the average.

[0101] Yield determination: The yield of each plot was investigated during the autumn harvest.

[0102] The test results of the above detection are shown in Table 2.

[0103] Table 2 Experimental results

[0104]

[0105] As can be seen from Table 2, the fertilizer obtained by the present invention can significantly improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, eliminate the obstacles to continuous cropping of American ginseng, promote the growth of American ginseng, and increase the yield of American ginseng.

[0106] 1.2.2 Disease situation

[0107] Investigation of lesions on roots of American ginseng: 20 plants were selected in each area for grade evaluation and the average was taken. (The grading standards for lesions are as follows: Grade 0: clean roots without disease; Grade I: the root bark is slightly browned or has sporadic lesions, but not deep into the cortex; Grade II: there are a few obvious lesions on the roots, and the ginseng is normal; Grade III: less than 1 / 3 of the ginseng roots have obvious lesions, affecting the appearance; Grade IV: more than 2 / 3 of the ginseng roots have large and numerous lesions, or are completely rotten). The results are shown in Table 3.

[0108] Table 3 Disease grade

[0109]

[0110] It can be seen from Table 3 that the fertilizer obtained by the present invention can prevent American ginseng from being infected by diseases and improve the yield and quality of American ginseng.

[0111] 1.2.3 Determination of soil fertility and pH value in the experimental field

[0112] The rhizosphere soil (0-20 cm) was collected by the five-point method, soil impurities were removed, mixed evenly and put into sterile sealed bags, and 3 replicates were taken for each plot. The collected soil samples were stored at 4°C, some were placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry naturally to constant weight, ground and sieved for use, and the others were stored in a 4°C refrigerator. The soil pH value was measured by the acidometer method; the soil organic matter was measured by the oil bath heating K2Cr2O7 volumetric method; the soil available phosphorus was measured by NH4F-HCI extraction of molybdenum antimony colorimetric method; the soil available potassium was measured by ammonium acetate extraction flame photometry; the soil total nitrogen was measured by Kelvin digestion method, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0113] Table 4 Soil fertility and pH value

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] In the table, different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0117] As can be seen from Table 4, the fertilizer obtained by the present invention can adjust the soil pH value to the pH value (5.5-6.5) required for the optimal growth of American ginseng, and can significantly increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, which can significantly improve the fertility of the soil, promote the growth of American ginseng, and increase the yield of American ginseng.

[0118] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0119] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the fertilizer include, by weight, 90 to 130 parts of a porous carrier, 47 to 70 parts of a mixed bacterial solution, and 75 to 200 parts of an organic and inorganic fertilizer; The porous carrier is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 to 30 parts of steel slag, 25 to 35 parts of waste ceramics, 15 to 25 parts of waste biochar, 10 to 15 parts of dolomite and 15 to 25 parts of straw; The mixed bacterial liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis preparation, 1 to 2 parts of Bacillus polymyxa preparation, 5 to 6 parts of calcium salt and 40 to 60 parts of water; The organic and inorganic fertilizers include, by weight, 20 to 40 parts of humic acid, 15 to 35 parts of silicon fertilizer, 5 to 15 parts of polyglutamic acid, 5 to 30 parts of superphosphate, 10 to 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 20 parts of cow dung and 10 to 20 parts of chicken dung.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation of the porous carrier comprises the following steps: Steel slag, waste ceramics, waste biochar, dolomite and straw are mixed and carbonized to obtain a porous carrier.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that The carbonization temperature is 1000-1200° C., the carbonization heating rate is 15-30° C. / min, and the carbonization heat preservation time is 3-5 hours.

4. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The calcium salt in the mixed bacterial liquid includes one or more of calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate; the Bacillus subtilis preparation and the Bacillus polymyxa preparation in the mixed bacterial liquid are prepared from Bacillus subtilis with a tolerance pH value of 10 to 12 and Bacillus polymyxa with a tolerance pH value of 10 to 12, respectively.

5. The method for preparing the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) domesticating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa respectively to obtain Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa that can tolerate a pH value of 10 to 12; centrifuging and freeze-drying the Bacillus subtilis culture solution and the Bacillus polymyxa culture solution in sequence to obtain a Bacillus subtilis preparation and a Bacillus polymyxa preparation; mixing the Bacillus subtilis preparation, the Bacillus polymyxa preparation, a calcium salt and water according to a dosage ratio to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; (2) placing the porous carrier in the mixed bacterial solution according to the dosage ratio for immersion treatment to obtain a porous carrier loaded with bacterial strains; (3) According to the usage ratio, the porous carrier loaded with the bacteria is mixed with the organic and inorganic fertilizer raw materials to obtain the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in the soil.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The domestication comprises: inoculating Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus polymyxa into independent culture dishes with pH values ​​of 10-12 respectively, and screening surviving Bacillus subtilis and surviving Bacillus polymyxa.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The centrifugal speed is independently 1000-5000 r / min; the freeze-drying temperature is independently -30--20°C, and the freeze-drying time is independently 40-80 min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the porous carrier is 0.1-0.2 mm, the impregnation is vacuum negative pressure impregnation, and the impregnation time is 10-20 minutes.

9. Use of the fertilizer for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in the soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the cultivation of American ginseng.

10. A method for eliminating the obstacle of continuous cropping of American ginseng in soil, characterized in that: include: Apply the fertilizer for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng in the soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4; the application amount of the fertilizer for eliminating the continuous cropping obstacle of American ginseng in the soil is 300 to 500 kg / mu.

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