Non-cutting raise medium-length hole groove broaching blasting method and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining methods, and discloses a cutting-free raise medium-length hole groove broaching blasting method and a cutting-free raise medium-length hole groove broaching blasting device. Drilling positions are arranged, specifically, the drilling positions are arranged according to rock conditions, and drilling is conducted; salt is sprinkled on the inner wall of the blast hole through salt sprinkling equipment after drilling; hole net parameters are determined, and the minimum resistance line and hole bottom distance parameters are determined according to geological conditions and blasting requirements; determining the hole sealing length; charging and filling are conducted, specifically, explosive is charged according to the charging coefficient, and filling is conducted; a blasting sequence is determined, a shallow hole top falling area is blasted firstly, then a deep hole broaching groove hole is blasted gradually, and a trapezoidal blasting sequence is adopted; blasting operation is carried out, a detonating network is connected, and then blasting is carried out after it is ensured that all safety measures are in place; pushing out and cleaning the tank wall; according to the scheme, the reasonable hole sealing length is determined through calculation, so that the explosive energy utilization rate is increased; the method solves the problem of low energy utilization rate of the existing cutting-free raise groove broaching blasting method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of mining methods, and specifically relates to a method and a device for deep hole grooving blasting in a non-cutting shaft. Background Art

[0002] Cutting grooves are divided into cutting shaft groove method, cutting shaft cutting lane groove method and non-cutting shaft groove method according to the formation method. The cutting shaft groove method and the cutting lane groove method with cutting shaft have large excavation works and sometimes need to be blasted twice or even multiple times, which reduces the mining rate and safety of the mining site. The non-cutting shaft groove technology does not require the construction of a cutting shaft, and relies on blasting to complete the construction of the cutting groove. It is simple in process, low in cost, and highly operable, and is widely used.

[0003] Referring to the document with the existing publication (announcement) number CN115012938A, a non-cutting shaft deep hole blasting mining method is disclosed, which has the following steps. In a mining field adopting layered upward deep hole blasting, the first step is to determine the slot blasting position, the second step is to determine the slot hole layout, the third step is to enlarge the tunnel top at the slot point, the fourth step is to drill slot inclined holes and blasting holes, the fifth step is to blast the slot inclined holes, and the sixth step is to blast the blasting holes to achieve deep hole blasting.

[0004] In the deep hole slotting blasting method without cutting the skylight, the reasonable determination of the sealing length has a crucial impact on the utilization rate of blasting energy. For example, in the above-mentioned deep hole slotting blasting method without cutting the skylight, the sealing length of the blasthole is not reasonably determined based on the constraints of "no punching" and "maximum energy utilization" of blasting. If the sealing is too long, it will affect the amount of charge in the borehole, which will not only cause waste of filling materials, but also may cause less gas in the hole, so that the explosive rock blasting ability during blasting is reduced, thereby affecting the blasting effect, and the cracks formed in the roof will also become smaller, which is not conducive to the crushing and throwing of ore. On the contrary, if the sealing is too short, it may cause the explosive gas to rush out of the hole prematurely, weakening the crack effect generated by the blasting, reducing the effective utilization rate of the blasting energy, and may bring safety hazards, such as flying stones. Therefore, when the charge structure and charge amount in the blasthole are determined, it is necessary to reasonably select the sealing length to improve the energy utilization rate of the explosive and obtain a better blasting effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this scheme is to provide a method for deep hole slotting blasting in a non-cutting shaft, so as to solve the problem of low energy utilization rate of the existing non-cutting shaft slotting blasting method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for deep hole grooving blasting in a non-cutting shaft, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S10: Clean and level the construction site, ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting equipment, salt spreading equipment, and cleaning equipment;

[0008] Step S20: Arrange the drilling position according to the rock conditions and perform drilling; and after drilling, spread salt on the inner wall of the blasthole through a salt spreading device;

[0009] Step S30: Determine the hole network parameters, and determine the minimum resistance line, hole bottom distance and other parameters according to the geological conditions and blasting requirements;

[0010] Step S40: determining the sealing length, collecting and measuring the required formula data according to the data required by the calculation formula of the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching, and then calculating the shortest sealing length, and determining the reasonable sealing length again;

[0011] Step S50: charging and packing, loading explosives according to the charging coefficient and packing;

[0012] Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence, first blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slot holes one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence;

[0013] Step S70: blasting operation, connecting the blasting network, and then blasting after ensuring that all safety measures are in place;

[0014] Step S80: Push out and clean the groove wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the groove wall to form a complete groove. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

[0015] The beneficial effect of this scheme is that compared with the existing non-cutting shaft slot blasting method, this scheme realizes the maximum utilization of blasting energy by scientifically and reasonably determining the sealing length, so that the ore is broken more fully and thrown out more thoroughly, and it also reduces construction costs and safety risks, and reduces energy losses and safety hazards caused by improper sealing.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step S20, a drilling rig is used to drill holes at predetermined locations; for areas with poor rock conditions, a shallow hole top drop method combined with a deep hole method can be used; for areas with good rock conditions and high segment heights, a shallow cutting well with a depth of no more than 8m is used in combination with a deep hole for grooving; in the step S30, the minimum resistance line of the aperture of the deep hole blasting is taken as 23 to 30 times the diameter of the drill bit.

[0017] Further, in step S40, the shortest hole sealing length calculation formula based on blasting without punching is:

[0018]

[0019] Where L1 is the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching; γ is the expansion adiabatic index of the detonation product, which is 3; ρ0 is the density of the explosive used; D is the detonation velocity of the explosive; k is the radial charge uncoupling coefficient; l e is the axial charge coefficient, l e =(L a +L c ) / L c , L a is the total length of the air section in the hole, L c is the total length of the explosive section in the hole; n is the pressure increase coefficient when the explosive explosion product expands and collides with the borehole wall, which is taken as 10; d is the borehole diameter; D c is the diameter of the crushing circle; f is the static friction coefficient between the plugging body and the hole wall; λ is the lateral pressure coefficient; F w is the confining pressure of the borehole wall on the plugging body; ρ1 is the density of the plugging body; θ is the borehole inclination; g is the gravitational acceleration, which is taken as 9.8.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step S60, the shallow hole top area on the inner side of the cutting tunnel is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one: then the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole top blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole grooving holes are blasted one by one; the blasting sequence is carried out in sections from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, and two detonating bombs are arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole; finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted, and a trapezoidal space is first blasted from the middle of the free surface to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes, and then the deep holes of the same section on both sides are detonated; in the step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

[0021] A deep hole grooving blasting device in a non-cutting ceiling includes a blasting device and a salt spreading device matched with the blasting device, wherein the salt spreading device includes:

[0022] A salt storage component, the salt storage component comprising a salt storage chamber and a salt outlet pipe, the salt outlet pipe being in communication with the salt storage chamber;

[0023] A salt spreading assembly, the salt spreading assembly comprises a salt spreading pipe and an air supply pipe, the salt spreading pipe is connected to a salt outlet pipe, and the salt spreading pipe is connected to an air supply pipe; the air supply pipe is connected to a high-pressure air source.

[0024] The principle and effect of this scheme are:

[0025] (1) All blasting equipment is prior art and will not be elaborated on here. In high-altitude and cold regions, low temperature, low pressure, and freeze-thaw cycles are the characteristics. Ice and freezing of water in the plateau are one of the factors that are very unfavorable to blasting. After ice forms in the hole, the borehole diameter becomes smaller, the actual charge does not reach the designed charge, and the unit consumption does not meet the design requirements, resulting in poor blasting effect. In the prior art, industrial salt is sprinkled in the borehole with water to overcome the frozen hole problem by using the properties of industrial salt. After each borehole is drilled, industrial salt is sprinkled into the borehole, and then a drilling rig is used to apply wind pressure to the borehole so that the industrial salt is evenly sprayed on the borehole wall to prevent freezing. For details, please refer to "Fine Blasting Technology for Large Blasting Areas of Plateau Frozen Soil Layer in Yulong Open-pit Copper Mine" (Chen Huanan, Meng Fanbao, Zhang Yazhou, Bai Lin. Fine Blasting Technology for Large Blasting Areas of Plateau Frozen Soil Layer in Yulong Open-pit Copper Mine [J]. Modern Mining, 2022 (2): 101-103). Although the above method can solve the problem of freezing holes due to gushing water to a certain extent, when salt is directly sprinkled into the blasthole, due to the depth and shape of the blasthole and the physical properties of the salt particles themselves, the salt particles are often difficult to evenly distribute on the entire inner wall of the blasthole. Especially in the deep part of the blasthole, due to the attenuation of wind pressure and the gravity of the salt particles, it is more difficult for the salt particles to reach and adhere to the wall surface. This leads to differences in the antifreeze effect of different parts of the blasthole, and some areas may still freeze.

[0026] (2) The salt spreading device in this scheme stores industrial salt in advance through a salt storage component, and then the device is placed in a blasthole. During the salt spreading process, a high-pressure gas source provides high-pressure gas to the salt spreading pipe through an air supply pipe. Due to the Bernoulli principle, the salt outlet pipe transports the salt to the salt spreading pipe, and the salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the blasthole under the action of the high-pressure gas.

[0027] (3) This solution uses high-pressure gas to coordinate with salt spreading, so that salt spreading and applying wind pressure to the blasthole are carried out simultaneously. The salt spreading device in this solution provides high-pressure gas to the salt spreading pipe through a high-pressure gas source, and uses the Bernoulli principle to suck the industrial salt in the salt storage chamber into the salt spreading pipe. The salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the blasthole under the action of wind pressure, which solves the problem that the salt particles are difficult to distribute on the inner wall of the blasthole. At the same time, the prior art needs to perform two steps, salt spreading and applying wind pressure, separately, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. The salt spreading device in this solution spreads salt and applies wind pressure to the blasthole simultaneously, which improves construction efficiency. At the same time, due to the action of high-pressure gas, the salt particles can adhere to the inner wall of the blasthole more quickly, further shortening the construction time.

[0028] (4) In this scheme, high-pressure gas is used to spread salt, so that the gas sprays the salt particles at a relatively high speed, so that the salt particles can be embedded in the inner wall of the blast hole, thereby preventing the salt particles from falling down due to gravity. At the same time, under the action of high-pressure gas, the sprayed salt particles are subjected to a continuous large pressure, thereby exerting an external force on the salt particles, making it difficult for the salt particles to fall quickly, thereby increasing the contact time between the salt particles and the inner wall of the blast hole, and achieving a better ice melting effect.

[0029] Furthermore, the salt storage component also includes a piston and a spring, wherein the piston is disposed in the salt storage chamber and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber, one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the piston, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber; it also includes a driving component, wherein the driving component includes a steam generator and a screw lift, wherein the screw lift is used to lift the air supply pipe, and the steam generator is used to provide a high-pressure gas source for the air supply pipe.

[0030] The principle and effect of this scheme are as follows: (1) The piston divides the salt storage chamber into two chambers. The chamber at the upper end of the piston is used to store industrial salt. The spring is initially in a compressed state to provide preload for the piston. As the salt is spread, the spring drives the piston to move toward the salt outlet pipe, so that the salt in the salt storage chamber can continuously pass through the salt outlet pipe into the salt spreading pipe, thereby realizing the salt spreading operation. (2) The screw lift and the steam generator are both existing technologies. The screw lift is used to drive the air supply pipe to move up and down in the blasthole, so that the salt spreading device can move up and down in the blasthole, and the salt can be spread from the bottom of the blasthole to the top of the blasthole, thereby achieving uniform salt spreading. The steam generator provides a high-pressure hot air source for the air supply pipe, which not only provides the required power for salt spreading, but also because the air source is a hot source gas, it can increase the activity of the salt particles, making it easier for them to interact with the moist inner wall surface of the blasthole, thereby more effectively adhering to the wall surface, thereby improving the uniformity of salt spreading and the antifreeze effect.

[0031] Furthermore, the driving assembly also includes a first fan blade; the air supply pipe includes a first air supply pipe and a second air supply pipe, the first air supply pipe and the second air supply pipe are connected by a rotating joint, the second air supply pipe is connected to the salt outlet pipe and the salt spreading pipe, the first fan blade is arranged in the second air supply pipe, and one end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air supply pipe.

[0032] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: when the high-pressure hot air source enters the second air supply pipe, the airflow drives the first fan blade to rotate, thereby causing the first fan blade to drive the second air supply pipe and the salt spreading pipe to rotate circumferentially, and the salt particles sprayed at the outlet of the salt spreading pipe will also form a circumferentially distributed spray with this rotation action, so that the salt particles can not only be evenly sprayed in the depth direction of the blasthole, but also can be evenly covered in the circumference of the blasthole (i.e., the direction surrounding the inner wall of the blasthole), thereby avoiding the problem of uneven accumulation of salt particles caused by a single spraying direction.

[0033] Furthermore, the other end of the first fan blade shaft is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber, and the outer wall of the salt outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber; the outer wall of the salt storage chamber is provided with a second fan blade.

[0034] The principle and effect of this scheme are: the salt storage chamber rotates by the rotation of the first blade, thereby rotating the second blade. As the high-pressure hot air ejected from the salt spreading pipe rotates through the second blade, the hot air is disturbed by the second blade, thereby increasing the contact area and time between the hot air and the inner wall of the blast hole.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a sealing component, which includes a base, a water pump and a sealing disk; the base is arranged at the bottom of the salt storage chamber, and the salt storage chamber is rotatably connected to the base, the bottom of the salt storage chamber is fixedly connected with a turntable, and the turntable is provided with a protrusion, the pressing head of the water pump is arranged in the base, the protrusion and the pressing head are matched with the pressing head, and the free end of the water suction pipe of the water pump is arranged at the bottom of the blasthole; the sealing disk is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe, and the sealing disk is provided with a water spray hole, and the water spray hole is connected with the water outlet end of the water pump through a pipeline.

[0036] The principles and effects of this solution are as follows: (1) The base is stationary, and the rotation of the salt storage chamber drives the turntable to rotate, so that the protrusion intermittently presses the pressing head of the water pump, and then the water pump draws the brine at the bottom of the blast hole through the pumping pipe to the water spray hole, and sprays it out from the water spray hole. At the same time, because the second air supply pipe is rotating, the second air supply pipe will drive the sealing disk to rotate, so that the water spray hole along the direction of rotation of the sealing disk makes the brine spray circumferentially onto the inner wall of the blast hole. (2) After salt is sprinkled in the blast hole, brine will accumulate at the bottom of the blast hole due to factors such as melting snow. If these brine is not treated, it will freeze at the bottom of the blast hole and affect the charge and blasting effect. This solution draws up the brine at the bottom of the blast hole and sprays it circumferentially onto the inner wall of the blast hole through the water spray holes on the sealing disk. First, the brine at the bottom of the blasthole can be removed to prevent it from freezing and affecting blasting; second, the brine can be evenly sprayed onto the inner wall of the blasthole, and the antifreeze properties of the brine can be used to reduce the freezing of the inner wall of the blasthole due to low temperature. At the same time, the brine can also make the salt particles adhere to the wall better, further enhancing the antifreeze effect. (3) Since hot air is introduced into the blasthole, in order to prevent the hot air from escaping from the top of the blasthole and make the hot air stay in the blasthole longer, the sealing plate and the water spray hole rotate, so that the sprayed brine forms a "water curtain", thereby blocking the escape of hot air from the top of the blasthole, prolonging the residence time of hot air in the blasthole, and thus improving the utilization efficiency of hot air; at the same time, the formation of the water curtain can also increase the sealing of the blasthole, so that the high-pressure hot air can more fully act on the inner wall of the blasthole and the salt particles, promoting the dissolution and dispersion of the salt particles.

[0037] Furthermore, the salt spreading pipes are multiple salt spreading pipes arranged along the central axis of the second air supply pipe; the sealing disk is arranged above the salt spreading pipe, and the water spray holes are multiple water spray holes arranged around the center of the sealing disk, and the multiple water spray holes are all arranged on the outer edge of the sealing disk.

[0038] The principle and effect of this solution are as follows: (1) The multiple salt spreading pipes arranged along the central axis of the second air supply pipe can increase the range of salt spreading, avoiding the problem of uneven salt spreading caused by the limited spraying range of a single salt spreading pipe. (2) The sealing plate is arranged above the salt spreading pipe, so that the salt spreading position is sealed with the bottom of the blast hole, preventing the hot air generated during the salt spreading process from rising and escaping from the blast hole.

[0039] Furthermore, the water pumping pipe is a hose, and the length of the water pumping pipe is not less than the depth of the blasthole.

[0040] The principle and effect of this solution are: since the salt spreading device needs to move up and down in the blasthole, the water suction pipe is set as a hose that is not less than the depth of the blasthole, so that the mouth of the water suction pipe is always in contact with the bottom of the blasthole, thereby sucking the brine at the bottom. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for deep hole slotting blasting in a non-cutting shaft according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a deep hole grooving blasting device in a non-cutting shaft according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the salt storage component, the salt spreading component and the sealing component of the present invention.

[0044] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: salt storage component 1, salt storage chamber 11, salt outlet pipe 12, piston 13, spring 14, salt spreading component 2, salt spreading pipe 21, air supply pipe 22, first air supply pipe 221, second air supply pipe 222, drive component 3, first fan blade 31, rotary joint 32, second fan blade 33, sealing component 4, base 41, water pump 42, pressing head 421, water pump 422, water outlet end 423, sealing disk 43, turntable 44, bump 45, water spray hole 46, and blast hole 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention in combination with the embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention:

[0046] Example:

[0047] See also Figure 1 A method for deep hole slotting blasting in a non-cutting shaft comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step S10: Clean and level the construction site, ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting equipment, salt spreading equipment, and cleaning equipment;

[0049] Step S20: Arrange the drilling position according to the rock conditions and perform drilling; and after drilling, sprinkle salt on the inner wall of the blasthole 5 through a salt spreading device;

[0050] Step S30: Determine the hole network parameters, and determine the minimum resistance line and hole bottom distance parameters according to the geological conditions and blasting requirements;

[0051] Step S40: determining the sealing length, collecting and measuring the required formula data according to the data required by the calculation formula of the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching, and then calculating the shortest sealing length, and determining the reasonable sealing length again;

[0052] Step S50: charging and packing, loading explosives according to the charging coefficient and packing;

[0053] Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence, first blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slot holes one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence;

[0054] Step S70: blasting operation, connecting the blasting network, and then blasting after ensuring that all safety measures are in place;

[0055] Step S80: Push out and clean the groove wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the groove wall to form a complete groove. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

[0056] Further, in step S20, a drilling rig is used to drill holes at predetermined locations; for areas with poor rock conditions, a shallow hole drop top method combined with a deep hole method can be used; for areas with good rock conditions and high segment heights, a shallow cutting well with a depth not exceeding 8m is used in combination with a deep hole for grooving; in step S30, the minimum resistance line of the aperture of the deep hole blasting is taken as 23 to 30 times the diameter of the drill bit.

[0057] Further, in step S40, the shortest hole sealing length calculation formula based on blasting without punching is:

[0058]

[0059] Where L1 is the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching; γ is the expansion adiabatic index of the detonation product, which is 3; ρ0 is the density of the explosive used; D is the detonation velocity of the explosive; k is the radial charge uncoupling coefficient; l e is the axial charge coefficient, l e =(L a +L c ) / L c , L a is the total length of the air section in the hole, L c is the total length of the explosive section in the hole; n is the pressure increase coefficient when the explosive explosion product expands and collides with the borehole wall, which is taken as 10; d is the borehole diameter; d c is the diameter of the crushing circle; f is the static friction coefficient between the plugging body and the hole wall; λ is the lateral pressure coefficient; F w is the confining pressure of the borehole wall on the plugging body; ρ1 is the density of the plugging body; θ is the borehole inclination; g is the gravitational acceleration, which is taken as 9.8.

[0060] Further, in step S60, the shallow hole top area on the inner side of the cutting tunnel is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one: then the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole top blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole grooving holes are blasted one by one; the blasting sequence is carried out in sections from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, and two detonating bombs are arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole; finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted, first a trapezoidal space is blasted from the middle of the free surface, to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes, and then the deep holes of the same section on both sides are detonated; in step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

[0061] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention also provides a non-cutting deep hole grooving blasting device, including a blasting device and a salt spreading device, wherein the blasting device includes a drilling rig and other prior arts. The salt spreading device includes a salt storage component 1, a salt spreading component 2, a driving component 3 and a sealing component 4.

[0062] The salt storage assembly 1 includes a salt storage chamber 11 and a salt outlet pipe 12. The salt storage chamber 11 is filled with industrial salt. The salt outlet pipe 12 is connected to the top of the salt storage chamber 11. A piston 13 and a spring 14 are provided in the salt storage chamber 11. The piston 13 is slidably connected to the inside of the salt storage chamber 11. The piston 13 divides the salt storage chamber 11 into two chambers. The chamber at the upper end of the piston 13 is used to store industrial salt. The lower end of the piston 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the two springs 14, and the free end of the spring 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the salt storage chamber 11. In the initial state, since the salt storage chamber 11 is filled with industrial salt, the spring 14 is in a compressed state, so as to provide a pre-tightening force for pushing the piston 13 to move toward the pipe mouth of the salt outlet pipe 12. As the salt spreading proceeds, the spring 14 drives the piston 13 to move toward the salt outlet pipe 12, so that the salt in the salt storage chamber 11 can continuously pass through the salt outlet pipe 12 into the salt spreading pipe 21 to achieve the salt spreading operation.

[0063] The salt spreading assembly 2 includes an air supply pipe 22 and four salt spreading pipes 21 circumferentially arranged along the central axis of the air supply pipe 22, the air supply pipe 22 includes a first air supply pipe 221 and a second air supply pipe 222, the second air supply pipe 222 is connected to the first air supply pipe 221 through a rotating joint 32, the four salt spreading pipes 21 are connected to the second air supply pipe 222, the second air supply pipe 222 is also connected to the salt outlet pipe 12, and the salt spreading pipe 21, the second air supply pipe 222 and the salt outlet pipe 12 all form an "L"-shaped structure, so that the high-pressure air source passing through the second air supply pipe 222 can use the Bernoulli principle to suck the salt particles in the salt storage chamber 11 into the salt spreading pipe 21 through the salt outlet pipe 12, and then spray the salt particles from the free end of the salt spreading pipe 21, and the flow direction of the salt particles and the gas is as shown in Figure 2 Indicated by the arrow.

[0064] The driving assembly 3 includes a steam generator, a screw lift and a first fan blade 31. Among them, the screw lift and the steam generator are both prior art, and the screw lift is used to drive the air supply pipe 22 to move up and down in the blast hole 5, so that the salt spreading device can move up and down in the blast hole 5, and the salt spreading can be spread from the bottom of the blast hole 5 to the top of the blast hole 5, so as to achieve uniform salt spreading. The steam generator provides a high-pressure hot air source for the air supply pipe 22, which not only provides the required power for salt spreading, but also because the air source is a heat source gas, it can increase the activity of the salt particles, making it easier to interact with the moist inner wall surface of the blast hole, so as to more effectively adhere to the wall surface, thereby improving the uniformity of salt spreading and the antifreeze effect. The first fan blade 31 is arranged in the second air supply pipe 222, and one end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade 31 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air supply pipe 222. The other end of the first fan blade 31 shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the salt storage chamber 11. When the first fan blade 31 rotates, it will synchronously drive the second air supply pipe 222, the salt spreading pipe 21 and the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate. The outer wall of the salt outlet pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber 11. The outer wall of the salt storage chamber 11 is provided with a second fan blade 33. Since the salt storage chamber 11 needs to rotate, the salt storage chamber 11 needs to be set as a salt storage chamber 11 made of a lighter material, such as plastic. In short, the first fan blade 31 can drive the second air supply pipe 222, the salt spreading pipe 21 and the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate.

[0065] Specific working principle: industrial salt is stored in the salt storage chamber 11 in advance, and then the salt spreading device is placed in the blast hole 5. During the salt spreading process, the steam generator provides high-pressure hot air to the salt spreading pipe 21 through the air supply pipe 22, and drives the air supply pipe 22 to move up and down in the blast hole 5 through the screw elevator, so that salt can be spread from the bottom of the blast hole 5 to the top of the blast hole 5. After the high-pressure hot air enters the second air supply pipe 22, due to the Bernoulli principle, the salt outlet pipe 12 transports the salt in the salt storage chamber 11 to the salt spreading pipe 21, and the salt particles are sprayed onto the inner wall of the blast hole 5 under the action of the high-pressure gas. At the same time, when the high-pressure hot air enters the second air supply pipe 22, the airflow drives the first blade 31 to rotate, so that the first blade 31 drives the second air supply pipe 222 and the salt-spreading pipe 21 to rotate circumferentially, and the salt particles sprayed at the outlet of the salt-spreading pipe 21 will also form a circumferentially distributed spray with this rotation action, so that the salt particles can not only be evenly sprayed in the depth direction of the blasthole 5, but also can be evenly covered in the circumference of the blasthole 5 (i.e., the direction surrounding the inner wall of the blasthole 5). At the same time, the rotation of the first blade 31 drives the salt storage chamber 11 to rotate, thereby rotating the second blade 33. As the high-pressure hot air sprayed from the salt-spreading pipe 21 rotates through the second blade 33, the hot air is subjected to the turbulence effect of the second blade 33, increasing the contact area and time between the hot air and the inner wall of the blasthole 5.

[0066] The sealing assembly 4 includes a base 41, a water pump 42 and a sealing disk 43; the base 41 is arranged at the bottom of the salt storage chamber 11, and the base 41 is stationary, that is, the salt storage chamber 11 rotates while the base 41 does not rotate, so the weight of the base 41 is relatively large, and the base 41 can be set to be made of a material such as a counterweight block, which is also convenient for moving the salt spreading device up and down in the blasthole 5. The salt storage chamber 11 is rotatably connected to the base 41, and a turntable 44 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt storage chamber 11, and a protrusion 45 is provided on the turntable 44. The pressing head 421 of the water pump 42 is arranged in the base 41, and the protrusion 45 is matched with the pressing head 421 for intermittently squeezing the pressing head 421; the sealing disk 43 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe 222, and the sealing disk 43 is arranged above the salt spreading pipe 21, so that the salt spreading position is sealed with the bottom of the blasthole 5 to block the hot air generated during the salt spreading process from rising Rise and escape from the blast hole 5; a water spray hole 46 is provided on the sealing disk 43, and the water spray hole 46 is a plurality of water spray holes 46 arranged around the center of the sealing disk 43, and the plurality of water spray holes 46 are all arranged on the outer edge of the sealing disk 43, the water spray hole 46 is connected with the water outlet end 423 of the water pump 42 through a pipeline, the water pump 42 of the water pump 42 is a hose, and the length of the water pump 422 is not less than the depth of the blast hole, so that the pipe mouth of the water pump 422 is always in contact with the bottom of the blast hole 5, thereby sucking the brine at the bottom.

[0067] Specific working principle: The rotation of the salt storage chamber 11 drives the rotating disk 41 to rotate, so that the protrusion 45 intermittently presses the pressing head 421 of the water pump 42, and then the water pump 42 pumps the brine at the bottom of the blast hole 5 to the water spray hole 46 through the water pumping pipe 422, and sprays it out from the water spray hole 46. At the same time, since the second air supply pipe 222 is rotating, the second air supply pipe 222 will drive the sealing disk 43 to rotate, so that the water spray hole 46 rotates along the direction of the sealing disk 43, so that the brine is circumferentially distributed and sprayed onto the inner wall of the blast hole 5, forming a "water curtain", thereby blocking the escape of hot air from the top of the blast hole 5, prolonging the residence time of the hot air in the blast hole 5, and allowing the high-pressure hot air to act more fully on the inner wall of the blast hole 5 and the salt particles, promoting the dissolution of the salt particles.

[0068] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for deep hole grooving blasting in a non-cutting shaft, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S10: Clean and level the construction site, ensure the safety and cleanliness of the construction site, and prepare drilling rigs, charging equipment, blasting equipment, salt spreading equipment, and cleaning equipment; Step S20: Arrange the drilling position according to the rock conditions and perform drilling; and after drilling, spread salt on the inner wall of the blasthole through a salt spreading device; Step S30: Determine the hole network parameters, and determine the minimum resistance line and hole bottom distance parameters according to the geological conditions and blasting requirements; Step S40: determining the sealing length, collecting and measuring the required formula data according to the data required by the calculation formula of the shortest sealing length based on blasting without punching, and then calculating the shortest sealing length, and determining the reasonable sealing length again; Step S50: charging and packing, loading explosives according to the charging coefficient and packing; Step S60: Determine the blasting sequence, first blast the shallow hole top area, then blast the deep hole slot holes one by one, and adopt a trapezoidal detonation sequence; Step S70: blasting operation, connecting the blasting network, and then blasting after ensuring that all safety measures are in place; Step S80: Push out and clean the groove wall. After the blasting is completed, use a pushing device to push out the groove wall to form a complete groove. Then clean up the blasting site to ensure safety and prepare for subsequent mining operations.

2. A method for deep hole grooving blasting in a non-cutting shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S20, a drilling machine is used to drill a hole at a predetermined position; in the step S30, the minimum resistance line of the hole diameter of the deep hole blasting is set to 23 to 30 times the diameter of the drill bit.

3. A method for deep hole grooving blasting in a non-cutting shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S60, the shallow hole top area on the inner side of the cutting lane is first blasted, and then the fan-shaped deep holes are blasted one by one: then the inclined plane formed after the shallow hole top blasting is used as the free surface, and the deep hole slotting holes are blasted one by one; the blasting sequence is carried out in sections from large-angle holes to small-angle holes, and two detonating bombs are arranged in each hole, one at the bottom of the hole and one in the middle of the hole; finally, a trapezoidal detonation sequence is adopted, and a trapezoidal space is first blasted from the middle of the free surface to create sufficient free surface and compensation space for the subsequent blasting of the fan-shaped deep holes, and then the deep holes of the same section on both sides are detonated; in the step S70, industrial electronic detonators and intelligent detonators are used to connect the detonation network.

4. A deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting, comprising a blasting device, characterized in that: It also includes a salt spreading device matched with the blasting equipment, and the salt spreading device includes: A salt storage component (1), the salt storage component (1) comprising a salt storage chamber (11) and a salt outlet pipe (12), the salt outlet pipe (12) being in communication with the salt storage chamber (11); A salt spreading assembly (2), the salt spreading assembly (2) comprising a salt spreading pipe (21) and an air supply pipe (22), the salt spreading pipe (21) being in communication with a salt outlet pipe (12), and the salt spreading pipe (21) being in communication with the air supply pipe (22); the air supply pipe (22) being connected to a high-pressure air source.

5. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 4 is characterized by: The salt storage assembly (1) further comprises a piston (13) and a spring (14), wherein the piston (13) is disposed in the salt storage chamber (11) and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber (11), and one end of the spring (14) is fixedly connected to the piston (13), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the salt storage chamber (11); and further comprises a drive assembly (3), wherein the drive assembly (3) comprises a steam generator and a screw lift, wherein the screw lift is used to lift the air supply pipe (22), and the steam generator is used to provide a high-pressure gas source for the air supply pipe (22).

6. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving assembly (3) further comprises a first fan blade (31); the air supply pipe (22) comprises a first air supply pipe (221) and a second air supply pipe (222); the first air supply pipe (221) and the second air supply pipe (222) are connected via a rotary joint (32); the second air supply pipe (222) is connected to the salt outlet pipe (12) and the salt spreading pipe (21); the first fan blade (31) is arranged in the second air supply pipe (222); one end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade (31) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second air supply pipe (222).

7. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 6 is characterized by: The other end of the rotating shaft of the first fan blade (31) is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber (11), and the outer wall of the salt outlet pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the salt storage chamber (11); and the outer wall of the salt storage chamber (11) is provided with a second fan blade (33).

8. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a sealing assembly (4), wherein the sealing assembly (4) comprises a base (41), a water pump (42) and a sealing disk (43); the base (41) is arranged at the bottom of the salt storage chamber (11), and the salt storage chamber (11) is rotatably connected to the base (41); a rotating disk (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the salt storage chamber (11), and a protrusion (45) is provided on the rotating disk (44); a pressing head (421) of the water pump (42) is arranged in the base (41), and the protrusion (45) is arranged in cooperation with the pressing head (421); and a free end of a water pump (422) of the water pump (42) is arranged at the bottom of the blasthole; the sealing disk (43) is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the second air supply pipe (222), and a water spray hole (46) is provided on the sealing disk (43), and the water spray hole (46) is connected to the water outlet end (423) of the water pump (42) through a pipeline.

9. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The salt spreading pipe (21) is a plurality of salt spreading pipes (21) arranged along the central axis of the second air supply pipe (222); the sealing disk (43) is arranged above the salt spreading pipe (21); the water spray holes (46) are a plurality of water spray holes (46) arranged around the center of the sealing disk (43); and the plurality of water spray holes (46) are all arranged on the outer edge of the sealing disk (43).

10. The deep hole grooving blasting device without cutting in the shaft according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water pumping pipe (422) is a flexible pipe, and the length of the water pumping pipe (422) is not less than the depth of the blast hole.

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