Load test equipment and method for socketed pile

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pile bearing capacity tests, and particularly relates to rock-socketed pile load test equipment and method.The rock-socketed pile load test equipment comprises a rack, test assemblies are connected to the two sides of the rack correspondingly, each test assembly comprises a screw, an adjusting nut, a buffer disc, a mounting disc and a protection plate, a pressing plate is arranged at the bottom end of each screw, and the adjusting nuts are in threaded connection with the screws; the buffer disc is sleeved on the screw rod, and a spring is sleeved on the screw rod between the adjusting nut and the buffer disc; the mounting disc is in threaded connection to the screw rod, a plurality of protective plates are hinged to the circumference of the mounting disc, the upper sides of the protective plates are hinged to the buffer disc, and fan-shaped clamping blocks are arranged on the inner walls of the bottom ends of the protective plates; the bottom end of the pressing plate is tightly attached to the end of the socketed pile, and when the buffering disc moves towards the mounting disc, the multiple protection plates are driven to define a cylindrical barrel, and the clamping blocks are tightly attached to the outer wall of the embedding part of the socketed pile. The equipment is convenient to disassemble and assemble, is particularly suitable for testing the obliquely-arranged socketed pile, is simple and convenient in the whole test process, and has multiple project testing functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pile bearing capacity testing, and in particular relates to a rock-embedded pile load testing device and method. Background Art

[0002] Rock-embedded piles refer to cast-in-place piles with a considerable length of the lower part cast in hard rock, and the lower end embedded in moderately weathered, slightly weathered or fresh bedrock. Regardless of the degree of weathering of the rock mass, as long as the pile end is embedded in the rock mass, it can be called a rock-embedded pile. The differences in the characteristics of rock-embedded piles embedded in rock masses with different characteristics are caused by the differences in the characteristics of the rock mass. In order to ensure the safety of rock-embedded piles in subsequent use, it is necessary to conduct bearing capacity tests on rock-embedded piles.

[0003] The common bearing capacity test devices in the prior art generally use hydraulic jacks and other methods to squeeze the bearing body. However, for rock-embedded piles embedded in the rock mass, especially rock-embedded piles set in an inclined manner, such as landslide prevention, slope support or special structural requirements, the common bearing capacity test devices are difficult to install on the surface of the rock mass for use with inclined rock-embedded pile tests, and there are still certain defects during use. Therefore, for the bearing capacity test of rock-embedded piles, the load-bearing plate is generally placed on the upper end of the rock-embedded pile, and the test is carried out by stacking counterweights of specific weights. This test method requires a counterweight of sufficient weight, which makes the test process cumbersome and laborious, and it is impossible to test the rock-embedded piles set at an inclined manner. When the rock-embedded pile is tested for bearing capacity, its top is easily damaged, resulting in cracks, missing edges, and corner loss on the top of the rock-embedded pile, making it difficult to ensure safety during the test. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems in the background technology that the rock-embedded pile load test process is cumbersome and laborious and lacks test safety, the present invention provides a rock-embedded pile load test device and method.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A rock-embedded pile load test device comprises a frame, a hydraulic cylinder and a test assembly, wherein the test assemblies are detachably connected to the two sides of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle of the frame, and the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is detachably connected to the test assembly; the test assembly comprises a screw rod, an adjusting nut, a buffer plate, a mounting plate and a guard plate, a pressure plate is arranged at the bottom end of the screw rod, the adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the buffer plate is sleeved on the screw rod, a spring is sleeved on the screw rod between the adjusting nut and the buffer plate; the mounting plate is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the mounting plate is The circumference of the mounting plate is hinged with a plurality of guard plates, the upper side of the guard plates is provided with a bent first hinge portion, the first hinge portion is hinged to a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to a buffer plate, and a fan-shaped clamping block is provided on the inner wall of the bottom end of the guard plates; the bottom end of the pressure plate is arranged close to the end of the embedded rock pile, the guard plates are arranged on the outside of the end, the embedded rock pile has an embedded portion embedded in the rock formation, and the outer diameter of the embedded portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the end; when the buffer plate moves toward the mounting plate, it can drive a plurality of guard plates to enclose a cylindrical body and make the clamping block close to the outer wall of the embedded portion.

[0006] Optionally, the inner wall of the clamping block is respectively provided with a first arc-shaped groove and a second arc-shaped groove, the inner diameter of the first arc-shaped groove is the same as the outer diameter of the embedded part, and the inner diameter of the second arc-shaped groove is the same as the outer diameter of the end.

[0007] Optionally, an inclined drainage surface is provided at the upper end of the clamping block, and the drainage surface is in contact with the inner wall of the guard plate.

[0008] Optionally, connection grooves are symmetrically provided on both sides of the clamping block, a pin hole is provided through the bottom end of the connection groove, and a U-shaped pin is provided in the pin holes of two adjacent clamping blocks.

[0009] Optionally, a limiting hole is provided at the bottom end of the pressing plate, and the inner diameter of the limiting hole is the same as the outer diameter of the end head.

[0010] Optionally, three first mounting grooves are evenly distributed on the circumference of the mounting plate, and two first axial holes are symmetrically arranged in each first mounting groove, and two adjacent first mounting grooves are connected through the first axial hole; a first rotating shaft is arranged in the first axial hole, and the ends of two adjacent first rotating shafts intersect with each other and are arranged in the first mounting groove, and the three first rotating shafts form a triangular shape; three guard plates are arranged in three pieces, and second hinged parts are respectively extended inward on both sides of the upper end of the guard plates, and the first hinged part is arranged in the middle position of the two first hinged parts, and the second hinged part is hinged to the first rotating shaft, and the first hinged part is arranged in the first mounting groove.

[0011] Optionally, three second mounting grooves are evenly distributed on the circumference of the buffer disk, and second axial holes are vertically arranged on both sides of each second mounting groove. A sliding portion is integrally extended from one end of the connecting rod, and the sliding portion is hinged in the second axial hole through a pin shaft, and the sliding portion slides closely against the inner wall of the second mounting groove.

[0012] Optionally, a locking nut is fixedly or rotatably provided on the upper end of the mounting plate.

[0013] Optionally, first flanges are respectively provided on both sides of the frame, a second flange is provided in the middle of the frame, and a third flange connected with the second flange is provided at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder; a cross bar is provided on the inner side of the frame, a guide sleeve is provided in the middle of the cross bar, a guide part is provided at one end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the guide part is tightly arranged on the inner wall of the guide sleeve; a fourth flange is provided at one end of the guide sleeve, a fifth flange connected with the fourth flange is provided at one end of the guide part, and a sixth flange is provided at the end of the piston rod; a seventh flange is provided at the upper end of the screw rod, the first flange can be connected with the seventh flange, and the sixth flange can be connected with the seventh flange.

[0014] A rock-embedded pile load test method comprises the following steps: S1, prepare three test assemblies, connect two of the test assemblies to both sides of the frame, and connect the other test assembly to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder arranged in the middle of the frame; S2, align the three test assemblies with the three rock-embedded piles for installation; S21, wherein the test assemblies on both sides of the frame are fixedly connected to the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressing plate is in close contact with the end of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the embedded portion of the rock-embedded pile, the second arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the outer wall of the end of the rock-embedded pile, and the bottom wall of the second arc-shaped groove is in close contact with the bottom wall of the end; S22, wherein the test assembly in the middle of the frame is crimped to the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressing plate is in close contact with the end of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the embedded part of the rock-embedded pile, and the clamping block is spaced apart from the end; S3, the hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the pressing plate to descend and squeeze the end head to carry out the rock-embedded pile load test. During the load test, the end head is protected by the guard plate on the outside.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the test assembly can be detachably installed with the rock-embedded pile. This structure can detachably connect the entire load test equipment to the rock-embedded pile. The same test assembly can be used to install the load test equipment on the rock-embedded pile, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly; at the same time, the test assembly can be used to perform a load test on the rock-embedded pile. The load test equipment is particularly suitable for testing rock-embedded piles that are set at an angle, and the entire test process is simple and convenient. At the same time, the load test equipment of the present invention can also be used for other test items. By installing the test assembly, it can be used to test the pull-out resistance of rock-embedded piles, thereby combining multiple test functions and completing multiple project tests using the same equipment.

[0016] Second, in the present invention, by using the test assembly, the buffer disk is driven to move toward the installation disk, so that several guard plates are enclosed into a cylindrical barrel and the end of the embedded rock pile is protected, and the clamping block is set close to the outer wall of the embedded part. When the top of the end of the embedded rock pile is damaged during the bearing capacity test, the guard plate is used to effectively protect and collect the broken edges and corners of the end of the embedded rock pile, so as to ensure the safety during the test. Secondly, during the extrusion test, if there are fragments that collapse and accumulate, they will squeeze and collide with the guard plate to change its angle, that is, the guard plate is unfolded outward to increase the internal space of the guard plate, so as to avoid deformation of the guard plate caused by the collapse of the fragments, and also avoid the entire test device from being damaged by stress. During the unfolding process of the guard plate, the top buffer plate moves up and the spring is compressed, which can effectively play a buffering role. During the bearing capacity test of the embedded rock pile, the structure that can unfold the guard plate when it is stressed and buffer the stress of the guard plate can effectively protect the guard plate, so as to ensure that the guard plate can be used for the test of another test item (tensile resistance). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the load test equipment and a structural diagram of the rock-embedded pile installation test in the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the load test equipment and the rock-embedded pile installation test in the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point a in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point b in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of point c in the middle; Figure 6 One of the structural diagrams of the test assembly in the present invention; Figure 7 This is the second structural diagram of the test assembly in the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7The local enlarged view at point d in the middle; Fig. 9 It is a structural diagram of the buffer disk in the present invention; Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of the buffer tray of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a structural diagram of the installation disk in the present invention; Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting plate of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a front view of the guard plate in the present invention; Fig.14 One of the structural diagrams of the guard plate in the present invention; Fig.15 This is the second structural diagram of the guard plate in the present invention; Fig.16 It is a structural diagram of the hydraulic cylinder in the present invention; Fig.17 It is a structural diagram of the screw and the pressing plate in the present invention; Fig.18 It is a structural diagram of the frame in the present invention; Fig.19 It is a structural diagram of the rock-embedded piles and rock strata in the present invention.

[0018] Figure numerals: 1-rock layer, 11-end, 12-embedded part, 2-frame, 21-first flange, 22-second flange, 23-cross bar, 24-guide sleeve, 25-fourth flange, 3-hydraulic cylinder, 31-piston rod, 32-sixth flange, 33-third flange, 34-guide part, 35-fifth flange, 4-test assembly, 5-screw, 51-pressing plate, 52-limiting hole, 53-seventh flange, 6-adjusting nut, 61-spring, 7-buffer disk, 71 -through hole, 72-second mounting groove, 73-second axial hole, 74-connecting rod, 75-sliding part, 8-mounting plate, 81-locking nut, 82-first mounting groove, 83-first axial hole, 84-threaded hole, 85-first rotating shaft, 9-guard plate, 91-first hinge part, 911-hinge groove, 92-second hinge part, 93-clamping block, 94-first arc groove, 95-second arc groove, 96-drainage surface, 97-connecting groove, 98-pin hole, 99-operating groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 like Fig.19 As shown in the figure, a partial structure of the rock-embedded pile is schematically shown. The rock-embedded pile is an annular column, and includes an end 11 and an embedded portion 12. The embedded portion 12 is embedded in the rock layer 1, and the embedded portion 12 is partially exposed. The end 11 is integrally arranged on the upper side of the embedded portion 12, and the outer diameter of the embedded portion 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the end 11. In general, the rock-embedded pile is vertically arranged, but for some occasions, such as landslide prevention, slope support or special structural requirements, the rock-embedded pile is inclined, such as Fig.19 As shown in , the inclination angle of the rock-embedded pile is a°.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a rock-embedded pile load test device includes a frame 2, a hydraulic cylinder 3, a test assembly 4 and other components.

[0023] like Figure 1-Figure 18 As shown, the two sides of the frame 2 are detachably connected with the test components 4, and the middle of the frame 2 is provided with a hydraulic cylinder 3, and the end of the piston rod 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 is detachably connected with the test component 4. In other words, the load test equipment includes at least three test components 4, two of which are used to fix the load test equipment, and the other one is used for testing.

[0024] like Figure 1-Figure 18 As shown, the test assembly 4 includes a screw rod 5, an adjusting nut 6, a buffer plate 7, a mounting plate 8 and a guard plate 9. A pressure plate 51 is provided at the bottom end of the screw rod 5. The adjusting nut 6 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 5. The buffer plate 7 is sleeved on the screw rod 5. The buffer sleeve is not in direct contact with the screw rod 5. A spring 61 is sleeved on the screw rod 5 between the adjusting nut 6 and the buffer plate 7. The mounting plate 8 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 5. A plurality of guard plates 9 are hinged on the circumference of the mounting plate 8. The guard plates 9 are arranged in an arc shape. A bent first hinge portion 91 is arranged on the upper side of the guard plate 9. The first hinge portion 91 is hinged to the connecting rod 74. The other end of the connecting rod 74 is hinged to the buffer plate 7. A fan-shaped clamping block 93 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom end of the guard plate 9. The bottom end of the pressure plate 51 is arranged close to the end 11 of the rock-embedded pile, and the guard plate 9 is arranged outside the end 11. The buffer tray 7 and the guard plate 9 are linked by a connecting rod mechanism. The guard plate 9 can be driven to be unfolded or folded by lifting the buffer tray 7. Conversely, the buffer tray 7 can be driven to be lifted or lowered by unfolding or folding the guard plate 9.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when the buffer plate 7 moves toward the mounting plate 8, it can drive a plurality of guard plates 9 to enclose a cylindrical body, and the clamping block 93 is set close to the outer wall of the embedded portion 12. At this time, a plurality of guard plates 9 are arranged around the outside of the end head 11 to protect the position of the end head 11 from the load-bearing capacity test. Figure 2 The direction of the middle arrow indicates the extension direction of the hydraulic cylinder 3.

[0026] like Figure 6 As shown, when the buffer plate 7 moves away from the mounting plate 8, it can drive several guard plates 9 to expand, and the intervals between the guard plates 9 become larger. In this case, the test assembly 4 can be installed on the end 11. Alternatively, when the bearing capacity test is performed, the broken pieces will squeeze the guard plates 9 to expand, during which the spring 61 is compressed, so the expansion of the guard plates 9 can be restricted to prevent them from excessively expanding and thus losing their protective effect. This guard plate 9 protection structure with a buffer function can protect the guard plates 9 during the bearing capacity test to prevent them from being damaged by stress deformation.

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 4-Figure 7 , Figure 13-Figure 15 As shown, further, the inner wall of the clamping block 93 is respectively provided with a first arc groove 94 and a second arc groove 95, the inner diameter of the first arc groove 94 is the same as the outer diameter of the embedded part 12, and the inner diameter of the second arc groove 95 is the same as the outer diameter of the end 11. By providing the first arc groove 94 and the second arc groove 95, a better protection function is achieved, and the pull-out resistance test of the rock-embedded pile is achieved.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this case, a bearing capacity test is performed. The test components 4 on both sides are connected to the frame 2, wherein the pressure plates 51 of the test components 4 on both sides are close to the end 11, the first arc groove 94 is close to the outer wall of the embedded part 12, the second arc groove 95 is close to the outer wall of the end 11, and the bottom wall of the second arc groove 95 is close to the bottom wall of the end 11, and the test component 4 is completely fixed on the rock-embedded pile; while the clamping block 93 of the middle test component 4 is far away from the end 11, and will not fix the rock-embedded pile, but only uses the guard plate 9 for protection during the bearing capacity test. In the present invention, when the bearing capacity test is performed, the pressure plate 51 is subjected to reverse pressure, and the guard plate 9 plays a protective role. The bottom end of the mounting plate 8 is close to the pressure plate 51, and the mounting plate 8 is connected to the screw 5. The bearing capacity of the pressure plate 51 is increased by the mounting plate 8, which can avoid the bearing capacity test only relying on the pressure plate 51, which is easy to cause problems such as compression deformation of the pressure plate 51.

[0029] In order to verify the bearing capacity of rock-embedded piles under the design load and ensure that the pile foundation can withstand the expected load of the structure, bearing capacity tests are carried out, generally static load tests and dynamic load tests.

[0030] During the static load test: the hydraulic cylinder 3 is controlled to extend so that the pressing plate 51 is pressed against the end 11, and the load is gradually applied to test the bearing capacity of the rock-embedded pile. Usually, a load increase and decrease cycle is performed.

[0031] Dynamic load test: by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 3 to extend periodically, the pressure plate 51 impacts the end 11, and dynamic load is applied by impact or vibration to evaluate the bearing capacity and dynamic characteristics of the rock-embedded pile.

[0032] When the test assembly 4 of the present invention is used to test the pull-out resistance of rock-embedded piles, it is only necessary to Figure 2 The middle test assembly 4 is fixed on the rock-embedded pile, that is, the three test assemblies 4 are completely fixed to the rock-embedded pile, so that the hydraulic cylinder 3 can be controlled to contract and the middle rock-embedded pile can be pulled. By applying a pulling force at the end 11, the pull-out resistance of the rock-embedded pile can be determined by monitoring the displacement and load changes of the rock-embedded pile. When the pull-out test is performed, the guard plate 9 mainly bears the tensile force. When the guard plate 9 is subjected to the tensile force, the tensile force is transmitted to the buffer plate 7 through the first hinge 91, and the tensile force is transmitted to the mounting plate 8 through the second hinge 92. By evenly dividing the tensile force in multiple directions, the tensile force is transmitted to the mounting plate 8 and the buffer plate 7 respectively, which can effectively improve the tensile strength of the guard plate 9. However, in this case, it is necessary to limit the two ends of the spring 61 to be connected to the adjusting nut 6 and the buffer plate 7 respectively. Therefore, a ring body can be rotatably set at the bottom end of the adjusting nut 6, and the ring body is connected to the spring 61, so that it is convenient to adjust the adjusting nut 6 and the locking nut 81.

[0033] The present invention can be detachably installed with the rock-embedded pile through the test component 4. This structure can detachably connect the entire load test equipment to the rock-embedded pile. The load test equipment can be installed on the rock-embedded pile by using the same test component 4, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly; at the same time, the test component 4 can be used to perform a load test on the rock-embedded pile. The load test equipment is particularly suitable for testing rock-embedded piles that are set at an angle, and the entire test process is simple and convenient. At the same time, the load test equipment of the present invention can also be used for other test items. By installing the test component 4, it can be used to test the pull-out resistance of the rock-embedded pile, thereby combining multiple test functions and completing multiple project tests using the same equipment.

[0034] When the rock-embedded pile is tested for bearing capacity, if the top of its end 11 is damaged, the guard plate 9 is used to effectively protect and collect the broken edges and corners of the rock-embedded pile end 11, so as to ensure the safety during the test. Secondly, during the extrusion test, if there are fragments that collapse and accumulate, they will squeeze and collide with the guard plate 9 to change its angle, that is, the guard plate 9 is unfolded outward to increase the internal space of the guard plate 9, so as to avoid deformation of the guard plate 9 caused by the collapse of the fragments, and also avoid damage to the entire test device due to stress. During the unfolding process of the guard plate 9, the top buffer plate 7 moves up, and the spring 61 is compressed, which can effectively play a buffering role; at the same time, the existence of the spring 61 will prevent the guard plate 9 from being over-expanded, and the internal fragments can be collected to avoid the fragments from collapsing and falling. During the rock-embedded pile bearing capacity test, the guard plate 9 can be unfolded when subjected to force, and the structure of buffering the force of the guard plate 9 can effectively protect the guard plate 9, ensure that the guard plate 9 can be connected and fixed to the rock-embedded pile, thereby ensuring that the guard plate 9 can be used for another test item (tensile resistance).

[0035] Therefore, the test assembly 4 of the present invention has high versatility, and the same test assembly 4 can be used to install the load test equipment on the rock-embedded pile. At the same time, the same test assembly 4 can be used to complete the bearing capacity test and the tensile resistance test of the rock-embedded pile.

[0036] like Figure 13-15 As shown, in the present invention, further, an inclined drainage surface 96 is provided at the upper end of the clamping block 93, and the drainage surface 96 contacts the inner wall of the guard plate 9. The design of the drainage surface 96 can prevent the accumulation of fragments inside the guard plate 9, and after the guard plate 9 is opened, it is convenient to remove the fragments collected by fracturing inside the guard plate 9.

[0037] like Figure 13-15 As shown, in the present invention, further, connecting grooves 97 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the clamping block 93, and a pin hole 98 is provided through the bottom end of the connecting groove 97, and a U-shaped pin is provided in the pin holes 98 of two adjacent clamping blocks 93. When the test assembly 4 is used to test the bearing capacity, there is no need to insert a pin into the pin hole 98, that is, the two adjacent guard plates 9 are not connected and fixed, allowing the guard plates 9 to rotate, and buffering and protecting the guard plates 9 during the bearing capacity test to prevent them from being damaged by stress deformation. When the test assembly 4 is used to be fixed to the rock-embedded pile, or to test the pull-out resistance, a pin needs to be inserted into the pin hole 98 to connect and fix the two adjacent guard plates 9, so that a plurality of guard plates 9 are connected as a whole and fixed to the rock-embedded pile, thereby ensuring the reliable fixation of the test assembly 4 and the rock-embedded pile.

[0038] In the present invention, further, an operating slot 99 is provided at the bottom end of the guard plate 9, that is, the bottom end of the clamping block 93. When the guard plate 9 needs to be moved, it can be manually inserted into the operating slot.

[0039] Furthermore, a limiting hole 52 is provided at the bottom end of the pressing plate 51, and the inner diameter of the limiting hole 52 is the same as the outer diameter of the end head 11. Such a design allows the end head 11 to be partially engaged in the limiting hole 52, thereby achieving a more stable connection. In particular, when the test assembly 4 is used to be fixed to a rock-embedded pile, or to test the pull-out resistance, the test assembly 4 is stably connected to the rock-embedded pile through the limitation of the upper limiting hole 52 and the limitation of the lower clamping block 93.

[0040] like Figure 1-Figure 8 , Figure 11-Figure 15 As shown, in the present invention, three first mounting grooves 82 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the mounting plate 8, and two first shaft holes 83 are symmetrically arranged in each first mounting groove 82, and two adjacent first mounting grooves 82 are connected through the first shaft holes 83; a first rotating shaft 85 is arranged in the first shaft hole 83, and the ends of two adjacent first rotating shafts 85 intersect with each other and are arranged in the first mounting groove 82, and the three first rotating shafts 85 form a triangular shape. There are three guard plates 9, and the upper ends of the guard plates 9 are respectively provided with second hinged parts 92 extending inwardly on both sides, and the first hinged part 91 is arranged in the middle position of the two second hinged parts 92, and the second hinged part 92 is hinged to the first rotating shaft 85, and the two first hinged parts 91 of the two guard plates 9 are jointly arranged in the first mounting groove 82, and are respectively hinged to the two first rotating shafts 85 in the same first mounting groove 82. This structure optimizes and improves the structures of the guard plate 9 and the mounting plate 8, and connects the three first rotating shafts 85 in a triangular shape, so that the overall stability is higher. At the same time, the end of the first rotating shaft 85 is arranged in the first mounting groove 82, and the second hinged part 92 is arranged in the first mounting groove 82 to achieve a compact arrangement. The second hinged part 92 can rotate in the first mounting groove 82 without colliding or interfering with the mounting plate 8.

[0041] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, in the present invention, three second mounting grooves 72 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the buffer tray 7, and second shaft holes 73 are vertically arranged on both sides of each second mounting groove 72. A sliding portion 75 is integrally extended and arranged at one end of the connecting rod 74. The sliding portion 75 is hinged in the second shaft hole 73 through a pin shaft, and the sliding portion 75 slides close to the inner wall of the second mounting groove 72. A hinge groove 911 is arranged at the upper end of the first hinged portion 91, and the connecting rod 74 rotates close to the side wall of the hinge groove 911. Such a structure can ensure the integrity between the connecting rod 74, the sliding portion 75 and the buffer tray 7, and ensure that the guard plate 9 can only rotate around the first rotating shaft 85 to avoid lateral movement.

[0042] In the present invention, a locking nut 81 is fixedly or rotatably provided on the upper end of the mounting plate 8, and a threaded hole 84 is provided in the locking nut 81 to be connected with the screw rod 5. When the locking nut 81 is fixed on the mounting plate 8, rotating the locking nut 81 will drive the guard plate 9, the connecting rod 74, and the buffer plate 7 to rotate as a whole; if the locking nut 81 is rotatably provided on the mounting plate 8, when the locking nut 81 is rotated, the guard plate 9, the connecting rod 74, and the buffer plate 7 as a whole may not rotate.

[0043] In the present invention, first flanges 21 are respectively provided on both sides of the frame 2, a second flange 22 is provided in the middle of the frame 2, and a third flange 33 connected to the second flange 22 is provided at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder 3; a cross bar 23 is provided on the inner side of the frame 2, a guide sleeve 24 is provided in the middle of the cross bar 23, a guide portion 34 is provided at one end of the hydraulic cylinder 3, and the guide portion 34 is closely arranged on the inner wall of the guide sleeve 24; a fourth flange 25 is provided at one end of the guide sleeve 24, a fifth flange 35 connected to the fourth flange 25 is provided at one end of the guide portion 34, and a sixth flange 32 is provided at the end of the piston rod 31; a seventh flange 53 is provided at the upper end of the screw 5, the first flange 21 can be connected to the seventh flange 53, and the sixth flange 32 can be connected to the seventh flange 53. Through the flange connection structure, the frame 2 and the test assembly 4 can be detachably connected, the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the frame 2 can be detachably connected, and the hydraulic cylinder 3 and the test assembly 4 can be detachably connected.

[0044] Example 2 A rock-embedded pile load test method comprises the following steps: S1 , prepare three test assemblies 4 , connect two of the test assemblies 4 to both sides of the frame 2 , and connect the other test assembly 4 to the piston rod 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 3 disposed in the middle of the frame 2 .

[0045] S2, align the three test assemblies 4 with the three rock-embedded piles respectively for installation; during the initial installation, unfold the three guard plates 9 (such as Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 5 ), the three test assemblies 4 can be respectively aligned with the rock-embedded piles and inserted until the end 11 of the rock-embedded pile fits with the bottom end of the pressing plate 51.

[0046] S21, wherein the test assembly 4 on both sides of the frame 2 is fixedly connected to the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressure plate 51 is in close contact with the end 11 of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc groove 94 of the clamping block 93 is in close contact with the embedded portion 12 of the rock-embedded pile, the second arc groove 95 of the clamping block 93 is in close contact with the outer wall of the end 11 of the rock-embedded pile, and the bottom wall of the second arc groove 95 is in close contact with the bottom wall of the end 11. When installing the test assembly 4, it is necessary to press the three guard plates 9 to form an annular cylinder so that the clamping block 93 fits on the outer wall of the embedded portion 12, and then continuously rotate the locking nut 81 to drive the guard plate 9 to rise until the clamping block 93 fits on the bottom wall of the end 11 (such as Figure 5 As shown); finally, the adjusting nut 6 is controlled to descend, thereby compressing the spring 61, pushing the buffer plate down, causing the guard plate 9 to have a tendency to fold, so that the clamping block 93 holds the embedded portion 12 tightly.

[0047] S22, wherein the test assembly 4 in the middle of the frame 2 is pressed against the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressing plate 51 is in close contact with the end 11 of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc groove 94 of the clamping block 93 is in close contact with the embedded portion 12 of the rock-embedded pile, and the clamping block 93 is spaced apart from the end 11 (such as Figure 4 When the test assembly 4 is installed, the three guard plates 9 need to be pressed to form an annular cylinder so that the clamping block 93 fits on the outer wall of the embedded portion 12, and then the adjusting nut 6 is controlled to descend so that the spring 61 is slightly compressed or not compressed. When the guard plates 9 are subjected to force, the guard plates 9 can rotate and unfold, and the spring 61 realizes the buffering function during the process.

[0048] S3, the hydraulic cylinder 3 extends, driving the pressing plate 51 to descend and squeeze the end head 11 to carry out the rock-embedded pile load test. During the load test, the end head 11 is protected by the guard plate 9 outside. When the end head 11 is squeezed and cracked, the fragments act on the guard plate 9, which can make the guard plate 9 rotate outward at a fixed angle. During this period, the spring 61 is used for buffering to avoid damage to the guard plate 9. At the same time, the existence of the adjustment nut 6 and the spring 61 limits the rotation angle of the guard plate 9, which can prevent the guard plate 9 from leaking or collapsing due to excessive opening, thereby ensuring the safety of the bearing capacity test.

[0049] When a pull-out resistance test is required, it is only necessary to fix the middle test assembly 4 to the rock-embedded pile according to step S21, and then control the hydraulic cylinder 3 to contract, so as to perform a pull-out resistance test on the rock-embedded pile.

[0050] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock-embedded pile load test device, characterized in that: It comprises a frame, a hydraulic cylinder and a test assembly, wherein the test assemblies are detachably connected to both sides of the frame, a hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle of the frame, and the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is detachably connected to the test assembly; The test assembly includes a screw rod, an adjusting nut, a buffer plate, a mounting plate and a guard plate; A pressing plate is provided at the bottom end of the screw rod, the adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod, the buffer disk is sleeved on the screw rod, and a spring is sleeved on the screw rod between the adjusting nut and the buffer disk; The mounting plate is threadedly connected to the screw rod, and a plurality of guard plates are hingedly connected to the circumference of the mounting plate. A bent first hinge portion is provided on the upper side of the guard plate, and the first hinge portion is hinged to the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the buffer plate. A fan-shaped clamping block is provided on the inner wall of the bottom end of the guard plate; The bottom end of the pressure plate is arranged close to the end of the rock-embedded pile, and the guard plate is arranged outside the end. The rock-embedded pile has an embedded part embedded in the rock layer, and the outer diameter of the embedded part is smaller than the outer diameter of the end. When the buffer disk moves toward the mounting disk, it can drive a plurality of guard plates to enclose a cylindrical body and make the clamping block close to the outer wall of the embedded part.

2. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the clamping block is respectively provided with a first arc-shaped groove and a second arc-shaped groove, the inner diameter of the first arc-shaped groove is the same as the outer diameter of the embedding portion, and the inner diameter of the second arc-shaped groove is the same as the outer diameter of the end.

3. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the clamping block is provided with an inclined drainage surface, and the drainage surface is in contact with the inner wall of the guard plate.

4. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two sides of the clamping block are symmetrically provided with connecting grooves, the bottom ends of the connecting grooves are penetrated with latch holes, and U-shaped latch holes are provided in the latch holes of two adjacent clamping blocks.

5. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting hole is arranged at the bottom end of the pressing plate, and the inner diameter of the limiting hole is the same as the outer diameter of the end head.

6. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumference of the mounting plate is evenly distributed with three first mounting grooves, and each of the first mounting grooves is symmetrically provided with two first axial holes, and two adjacent first mounting grooves are connected through the first axial holes; a first rotating shaft is provided in the first axial hole, and the ends of two adjacent first rotating shafts intersect with each other and are arranged in the first mounting groove, and the three first rotating shafts form a triangular shape; three guard plates are provided with three pieces, and second hinged parts are respectively extended inwardly on both sides of the upper end of the guard plates, and the first hinged part is arranged in the middle position of the two first hinged parts, and the second hinged part is hinged to the first rotating shaft, and the first hinged part is arranged in the first mounting groove.

7. The rock-embedded pile load test equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The buffer disk has three second mounting grooves evenly distributed on its circumference, and each second mounting groove has second axial holes vertically arranged on both sides. A sliding portion is integrally extended from one end of the connecting rod, and the sliding portion is hinged in the second axial hole through a pin shaft, and the sliding portion slides closely against the inner wall of the second mounting groove.

8. The rock-socketed pile load test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking nut is fixedly or rotatably arranged on the upper end of the mounting plate.

9. The rock-socketed pile load test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: First flanges are respectively provided on both sides of the frame, a second flange is provided in the middle of the frame, and a third flange connected with the second flange is provided at the tail end of the hydraulic cylinder; a cross bar is provided on the inner side of the frame, a guide sleeve is provided in the middle of the cross bar, a guide part is provided at one end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the guide part is tightly arranged on the inner wall of the guide sleeve; a fourth flange is provided at one end of the guide sleeve, a fifth flange connected with the fourth flange is provided at one end of the guide part, and a sixth flange is provided at the end of the piston rod; a seventh flange is provided at the upper end of the screw rod, the first flange can be connected with the seventh flange, and the sixth flange can be connected with the seventh flange.

10. A method for performing a load test using the rock-socketed pile load test equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: S1, prepare three test assemblies, connect two of the test assemblies to both sides of the frame, and connect the other test assembly to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder arranged in the middle of the frame; S2, align the three test assemblies with the three rock-embedded piles for installation; S21, wherein the test assemblies on both sides of the frame are fixedly connected to the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressing plate is in close contact with the end of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the embedded portion of the rock-embedded pile, the second arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the outer wall of the end of the rock-embedded pile, and the bottom wall of the second arc-shaped groove is in close contact with the bottom wall of the end; S22, wherein the test assembly in the middle of the frame is crimped to the rock-embedded pile: the bottom end of the pressing plate is in close contact with the end of the rock-embedded pile, the first arc-shaped groove of the clamping block is in close contact with the embedded part of the rock-embedded pile, and the clamping block is spaced apart from the end; S3, the hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the pressing plate to descend and squeeze the end head to carry out the rock-embedded pile load test. During the load test, the end head is protected by the guard plate on the outside.

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