Electronic short circuit prevention method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses an electronic short circuit prevention method and device, and belongs to the technical field of secondary loop detection, and the method comprises the steps: S1, collecting a voltage detection signal of a to-be-detected line based on a detection signal, and carrying out the wavelet transformation according to the voltage detection signal, and determining a voltage instantaneous feature set; s2, analyzing a first state of the to-be-detected line according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and a voltage threshold, and when the first state is a fault, obtaining a current detection signal and giving an alarm; s3, performing wavelet transform according to the current detection signal to determine a current instantaneous feature set, and analyzing a second state of the to-be-detected line according to the current instantaneous feature set and a current threshold; s4, when the second state is short circuit, executing a safety protection action and giving an alarm; the problem that whether wiring is wrong or not cannot be accurately judged due to the fact that electrical signal characteristics between different lines of a secondary circuit are not considered in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of secondary circuit detection, and in particular to an electronic short circuit prevention method and a device thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the long-term use of the transmission lines corresponding to the secondary circuit of the substation, the identification of the corresponding lines has aged or disappeared, making it difficult to confirm the connection equipment of the secondary circuit lines. This also makes it easy for operation and maintenance personnel to connect the wrong lines to be tested when using short-circuiting operations to troubleshoot and eliminate secondary circuit faults, resulting in short circuits in the corresponding secondary circuits, damage to electrical components in the lines, and even tripping, affecting the normal operation of the substation. In addition, short circuits caused by incorrect wiring may also threaten the personal safety of the operation and maintenance personnel who implement the wiring.

[0003] Chinese patent, publication number: CN114629104A, publication date: June 14, 2022, discloses a circuit for avoiding misoperation of live detection of non-contact protectors, comprising: a circuit breaker F connected in parallel to the output end of a voltage transformer connected to any two phases in the main line, a first relay K1 connected in parallel at both ends of the circuit breaker F, a resistor R1 connected in series with the first relay K1, a normally open node drive connection reminder circuit of the first relay K1, the reminder circuit comprising a second relay K3, an alarm, a first power supply and a second power supply, the power supply voltages of the two power supplies are the same, the first power supply is connected in series with the second relay K3 and then connected in parallel with the second power supply, the alarm is connected in series with the normally closed contact of the second relay K3 and then connected to the two ends of the above-mentioned parallel part, the two ends of the above-mentioned parallel part are also respectively connected to a wiring plug through a soft wire, and the alarm includes a sound alarm and / or a light alarm; however, the invention does not take into account the electrical signal characteristics between different lines of the secondary circuit, which makes it difficult for the operation and maintenance personnel to accurately determine whether the test line is connected incorrectly when wiring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem that the prior art does not take into account the electrical signal characteristics between different lines of the secondary circuit, resulting in the inability to accurately judge whether the wiring is incorrect; an electronic short circuit prevention method and device are proposed, which determines the voltage instantaneous characteristics by performing wavelet transform on the voltage detection signal of the circuit to be tested, and determines whether the circuit to be tested is faulty by analyzing the first state of the circuit to be tested based on the voltage instantaneous characteristics and the voltage threshold. When the circuit to be tested is faulty, the current detection signal of the circuit to be tested is subjected to wavelet transform to determine the current instantaneous characteristics, and the second state of the circuit to be tested is analyzed based on the current instantaneous characteristics and the current threshold, accurately analyzing whether the circuit to be tested is short-circuited, and accurately judging whether the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly through the short-circuit state of the circuit to be tested.

[0005] In a first aspect, a technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is an electronic short circuit prevention method, comprising the following steps: S1. collecting a voltage detection signal of the circuit to be tested based on the detection signal, and performing wavelet transform on the voltage detection signal to determine a voltage instantaneous feature set; S2. Analyze the first state of the line to be tested according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and the voltage threshold, and when the first state is a fault, obtain a current detection signal and issue an alarm; S3, performing wavelet transform according to the current detection signal to determine a current instantaneous feature set, and analyzing the second state of the circuit to be tested according to the current instantaneous feature set and a current threshold; S4. When the second state is a short circuit, a safety protection action is executed and an alarm is issued.

[0006] In this solution, the voltage detection signal of the circuit to be tested is subjected to wavelet transform analysis to obtain the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuous place in the voltage detection signal, and the first state of the circuit to be tested is analyzed according to the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuous place and the voltage threshold to determine whether the circuit to be tested is faulty, and then the connection accuracy of the circuit to be tested is preliminarily determined. When the circuit to be tested is faulty, that is, when the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, the corresponding alarm action is executed and the acquired current detection signal of the circuit to be tested is subjected to wavelet transform to determine the instantaneous characteristics of the current, and the second state of the circuit to be tested is analyzed according to the instantaneous characteristics of the current and the current threshold, and a secondary analysis of the short-circuit state of the circuit to be tested is performed to eliminate the judgment error of the first state of the circuit to be tested caused by non-short-circuit factors, significantly improve the accuracy of the judgment of the short-circuit state of the circuit to be tested, and then accurately determine whether the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, and execute the corresponding alarm action to alarm again, so as to prevent the operation and maintenance personnel from working under the premise of the wrong connection of the circuit to be tested, and effectively avoid the safety hazards caused by the wrong connection of the circuit to be tested.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the specific process of determining the voltage instantaneous feature set by performing wavelet transform according to the voltage detection signal is: S11, determining a mother wavelet and a scale factor based on the change characteristics of the voltage detection signal, and performing convolution calculation on the voltage detection signal according to the mother wavelet and the scale factor to obtain voltage wavelet coefficients; S12, screening voltage wavelet coefficients based on preset singularity conditions to determine the singularity points corresponding to the voltage detection signal, and arranging the singularity points according to the time scale changes of the voltage detection signal to obtain a voltage instantaneous feature set.

[0008] In this scheme, the voltage detection signal is convolved using a suitable mother wavelet and a scale factor, which can filter out a large amount of harmonic information in the voltage detection signal, the influence of the steady-state load current and the short-circuit current on the voltage wavelet coefficient. Secondly, because the voltage wavelet coefficient is related to the corresponding high-order derivative, the voltage wavelet coefficient is screened based on the preset singularity condition, which can eliminate the influence of the short-circuit current on the high-order derivative.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, the specific process of analyzing the first state of the circuit to be tested according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and the voltage threshold is: S21, extracting at least one voltage transient feature based on the period of the voltage transient feature set, and calculating a voltage threshold according to the period of the voltage transient feature set and a preset voltage fixed threshold; S22. Based on the fault action equation, the voltage instantaneous characteristic and the voltage threshold are compared to determine the first state of the circuit to be tested. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is greater than the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as a fault. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is less than or equal to the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as normal.

[0010] In this scheme, since the wavelet transform can only analyze the abnormal parts in the voltage detection signal and cannot directly determine whether a short circuit occurs in the abnormal part of the voltage detection signal, the corresponding voltage threshold is calculated and judged in conjunction with the result of the wavelet transform. In addition, in order to avoid the increase in the error rate of the judgment result due to individual abnormal points caused by chance, a comprehensive analysis can be performed based on the fault action equation combined with multiple voltage instantaneous characteristics.

[0011] Preferably, in S21, the calculation formula of the voltage threshold is specifically: Where D set is the voltage threshold, N s is the number of sampling points in a cycle, k 1 is the floating threshold coefficient, k 2 is the fixed threshold coefficient, t is the time, D N is a fixed threshold base. is the floating threshold base, i represents the i-th sampling point.

[0012] In this embodiment, since the voltage detection signal may fluctuate to a certain extent according to the power condition of the corresponding circuit, the voltage threshold is divided into two parts: a floating threshold base and a fixed threshold base, so that the voltage threshold of the corresponding voltage detection signal is more accurate.

[0013] Preferably, in S22, the fault action equation is specifically: (|D(t-2)|∩|D(t-1)|∩|D(t)|)>Dset ; Where D(t-2) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-2, D(t-1) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-1, D(t) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t, and D set is the voltage threshold.

[0014] On the other hand, a technical solution also provided in an embodiment of the present invention is an electronic short circuit prevention device, comprising: a wiring terminal, a voltage measurement component, a switching component, a current measurement component, an alarm component, a command receiving component, a processor and a power supply component; The collecting end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the wiring terminal, the output end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the first collecting end of the processor, the first collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component, the output end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the second collecting end of the processor, the second end of the switching component is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, the controlled end of the switching component is electrically connected to the first control end of the processor, the controlled end of the alarm component is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor, the output end of the power supply component is electrically connected to the power input end of the processor, and the control end of the instruction receiving component is electrically connected to the controlled end of the processor.

[0015] In this solution, when the wiring terminal is connected to the circuit to be measured, the voltage measurement component automatically receives the voltage detection signal, and the switching component connects the current measurement component in accordance with the instruction received by the instruction receiving component.

[0016] Preferably, the voltage measuring component includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a voltage conditioning element; the first end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, and the output end of the voltage conditioning element serves as the output end of the voltage measuring component.

[0017] In this solution, the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor cooperate with each other to sense the voltage of the circuit to be tested.

[0018] Preferably, the current measurement component includes: a current sensing element and a current conditioning element; the first end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component, the output end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the input end of the current conditioning element, and the output end of the current conditioning element is electrically connected to the second collection end of the processor.

[0019] Preferably, the alarm component comprises a light bulb and a buzzer; the input end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor as the controlled end of the alarm component, and the output end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the input end of the buzzer.

[0020] Preferably, the instruction receiving component is specifically a Bluetooth terminal.

[0021] The present invention has at least the following substantial effects: After the application is connected to the circuit to be tested through the connecting terminal, the voltage measurement component automatically senses the voltage of the circuit to be tested and adjusts it, and transmits the adjusted voltage to the processor for wavelet transform analysis to obtain the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuity in the voltage detection signal, and analyzes the first state of the circuit to be tested based on the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuity and the voltage threshold to determine whether the circuit to be tested is faulty, and then preliminarily determines the connection accuracy of the circuit to be tested. When the circuit to be tested is faulty, that is, when the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, the alarm component performs a corresponding alarm action, and the switching component turns on the current measurement according to the instruction received by the instruction receiving component. The components and the circuit to be tested enable the current measurement component to automatically sense the current of the circuit to be tested and adjust it, transmit the adjusted current to the processor for wavelet transform to determine the instantaneous characteristics of the current, analyze the second state of the circuit to be tested according to the instantaneous characteristics of the current and the current threshold, perform a secondary analysis of the short-circuit state of the circuit to be tested, eliminate the errors in the first state judgment of the circuit to be tested caused by non-short-circuit factors, significantly improve the accuracy of the short-circuit state judgment of the circuit to be tested, and then accurately judge whether the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, and the alarm component executes the corresponding alarm action to alarm again, so as to prevent the operation and maintenance personnel from working under the premise of the wrong connection of the circuit to be tested, and effectively avoid the safety hazards caused by the wrong connection of the circuit to be tested. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of an electronic short circuit prevention method of the present invention; Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic short circuit prevention device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described herein is only an optimal embodiment of the present invention, which is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the drawings; the process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0026] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an electronic short circuit prevention method, comprising the following steps: S1. collecting a voltage detection signal of the circuit to be tested based on the detection signal, and performing wavelet transform on the voltage detection signal to determine a voltage instantaneous feature set; S11, determining a mother wavelet and a scale factor based on the change characteristics of the voltage detection signal, and performing convolution calculation on the voltage detection signal according to the mother wavelet and the scale factor to obtain voltage wavelet coefficients; S12, screening voltage wavelet coefficients based on preset singularity conditions to determine the voltage detection signal corresponding to the singularity point, and sorting the singularity points according to the time scale change of the voltage detection signal to obtain a voltage instantaneous feature set.

[0027] In this embodiment, the mathematical expression of the wavelet transform is as follows: The frequency domain equivalent of the wavelet transform can be expressed as: Where X(ω) is the Fourier transform of x(t), Ψ(ω) is the Fourier transform of ψ(t), the superscript “*” indicates conjugation, ω is the frequency, and e is +jωτis a complex function, α is a scale factor greater than zero, t represents time, τ is the time shift factor, i.e. the singular point at the short-circuit moment, ψ(t) is the basic wavelet function, which must satisfy Ψ(ω=0)=0, and its average value ∫ψ(t)dt=0, and x(t) is the input signal.

[0028] When the signal x(t) suddenly changes, becomes discontinuous or interrupted at a certain moment, it will produce corresponding singular points. The mother wavelet function The interaction with the signal x(t) will change near the singular point. Secondly, a smaller scale factor α corresponds to a narrower wavelet function, which can capture local changes in the signal more finely. Therefore, when a signal has a singular point at a certain position, performing wavelet transform at a smaller degree will make the wavelet function more focused near the singular point. In addition, due to the sudden change nature of the signal at the singular point, the result of the corresponding wavelet function convolution calculation will produce a larger wavelet coefficient, and then the abnormal area of ​​the signal x(t) can be analyzed based on the convolution calculation of the wavelet function. At this time, the time shift factor τ can be adjusted, and the signal x(t) can be analyzed by wavelet transform at different time points. When the value of τ makes the wavelet function just near the singular point, the wavelet transform coefficient will change significantly, thereby determining the position of the singular point.

[0029] When a short circuit occurs in the line to be tested, the current and voltage waveforms are distorted and singular points appear. At this time, taking the current signal as the input signal x(t) of the wavelet transform as an example, the wavelet transformation formula is expanded at t=τ to obtain the wavelet transformation formula at t=τ. The wavelet transformation formula at t=τ is specifically: After arranging and simplifying, we can get: In the formula, assume is the remainder, M n is the nth item, P represents the sum from 0 to n, x(t) is the current signal; ψ(t) is the mother wavelet function; α is the scale factor; t represents time; τ is the time shift factor, i.e., the singular point at the short circuit moment; after the current signal x(t) is transformed by the wavelet, it has nothing to do with its actual value, but only with its derivative value higher than a certain order, which eliminates the influence of the steady-state load current, the short-circuit current and the distance of the short-circuit point on the fault detection. At this time, M is used. p =∫t p ψ * (t)dt=0,p=1-n, that is, the preset singular point condition screens the output current wavelet coefficients, which can eliminate t in the expansion of the short-circuit current x(t) pThe influence of each item in the wavelet transform highlights the high-order fluctuations of the short-circuit current signal and the possible singularities in the high-order derivatives. However, when a short circuit occurs in the line, the received signal is often complex and irregular, containing a large amount of harmonic information. Therefore, selecting an accurate mother wavelet is of utmost importance to accurately detect fault information. In this embodiment, the biorthogonal wavelet "Bior5.5" is selected as the mother wavelet of the transformation.

[0030] S2. Analyze the first state of the line to be tested according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and the voltage threshold, and when the first state is a fault, obtain a current detection signal and issue an alarm; S21. Extract at least one voltage transient feature based on the period of the voltage transient feature set, and calculate a voltage threshold according to the period of the voltage transient feature set and a preset voltage fixed threshold.

[0031] In one embodiment, the calculation formula of the voltage threshold is specifically: Where D set is the voltage threshold, N s is the number of sampling points in a cycle, k 1 is the floating threshold coefficient, k 2 is the fixed threshold coefficient, t is the time, D N is a fixed threshold base. is the floating threshold base, i represents the i-th sampling point.

[0032] S22. Based on the fault action equation, the voltage instantaneous characteristic and the voltage threshold are compared to determine the first state of the circuit to be tested. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is greater than the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as a fault. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is less than or equal to the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as normal.

[0033] In one embodiment, the fault action equation is specifically: (|D(t-2)|∩|D(t-1)|∩|D(t)|)>D set ; Where D(t-2) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-2, D(t-1) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-1, D(t) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t, and D set is the voltage threshold.

[0034] In this embodiment, when the circuit under test operates normally, the output of the current wavelet transform is zero. When near the short circuit fault moment, the output of the current wavelet transform becomes a non-zero value. Therefore, it can be determined whether a short circuit fault occurs in the circuit under test based on the non-zero value.

[0035] S3. Perform wavelet transform on the current detection signal to determine a current instantaneous feature set, and analyze the second state of the circuit to be tested based on the current instantaneous feature set and a current threshold.

[0036] S4. When the second state is a short circuit, a safety protection action is executed and an alarm is issued.

[0037] On the other hand, Figure 2 As shown, a technical solution also provided in the embodiment of the present invention is an electronic short circuit prevention device, comprising: a wiring terminal, a voltage measurement component, a switching component J1, a current measurement component, an alarm component, an instruction receiving component, a processor CPU and a power supply component; The collecting end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the wiring terminal, the output end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the first collecting end of the processor CPU, the first collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component J1, the output end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the second collecting end of the processor CPU, the second end of the switching component J1 is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, the controlled end of the switching component J1 is electrically connected to the first control end of the processor CPU, the controlled end of the alarm component is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor CPU, the output end of the power supply component is electrically connected to the power input end of the processor CPU, and the control end of the instruction receiving component is electrically connected to the controlled end of the processor CPU.

[0038] Furthermore, the voltage measurement component includes: a first resistor RP1, a second resistor RP2, a third resistor RP3 and a voltage conditioning element; the first end of the first resistor RP1 is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the first resistor RP1 is electrically connected to the first end of the second resistor RP2, the second end of the first resistor RP1 is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the second resistor RP2 is electrically connected to the first end of the third resistor RP3, the second end of the second resistor RP2 is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the third resistor RP3 is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, and the output end of the voltage conditioning element serves as the output end of the voltage measurement component.

[0039] Furthermore, the current measurement component includes: a current sensing element M1 and a current conditioning element; the first end of the current sensing element M1 is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the current sensing element M1 is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component J1, the output end of the current sensing element M1 is electrically connected to the input end of the current conditioning element, and the output end of the current conditioning element is electrically connected to the second collection end of the processor CPU.

[0040] Furthermore, the alarm component includes a light bulb and a buzzer; the input end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor CPU as the controlled end of the alarm component, and the output end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the input end of the buzzer.

[0041] Furthermore, the instruction receiving component is specifically a Bluetooth terminal.

[0042] In this embodiment, a button may also be provided in the receiving component so that the operation and maintenance personnel can send a current detection signal to the device through a Bluetooth terminal or by pressing a button when the signal is poor to perform current detection on the circuit to be tested.

[0043] This embodiment has at least the following substantial effects: After the circuit to be tested is connected to the connection terminal in this embodiment, the voltage measurement component automatically senses the voltage of the circuit to be tested and adjusts it, and transmits the adjusted voltage to the processor CPU for wavelet transform analysis to obtain the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuity in the voltage detection signal, and analyzes the first state of the circuit to be tested based on the mutation point, discontinuity point or other discontinuity and the voltage threshold to determine whether the circuit to be tested is faulty, and then preliminarily determines the connection accuracy of the circuit to be tested. When the circuit to be tested is faulty, that is, when the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, the alarm component performs a corresponding alarm action, and the switching component J1 switches on the current according to the instruction received by the instruction receiving component. The measuring component and the circuit to be tested enable the current measuring component to automatically sense the current of the circuit to be tested and adjust it, transmit the adjusted current to the processor CPU for wavelet transform to determine the instantaneous characteristics of the current, analyze the second state of the circuit to be tested according to the instantaneous characteristics of the current and the current threshold, perform a secondary analysis of the short-circuit state of the circuit to be tested, eliminate the first state judgment error of the circuit to be tested caused by non-short-circuit factors, significantly improve the accuracy of the short-circuit state judgment of the circuit to be tested, and then accurately judge whether the circuit to be tested is connected incorrectly, and the alarm component executes the corresponding alarm action to alarm again, so as to prevent the operation and maintenance personnel from working under the premise of incorrect connection of the circuit to be tested, and effectively avoid the safety hazards caused by incorrect connection of the circuit to be tested.

[0044] The above specific embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to the present specific embodiments. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape, structure, and method of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic short circuit prevention method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. collecting a voltage detection signal of the circuit to be tested based on the detection signal, and performing wavelet transform on the voltage detection signal to determine a voltage instantaneous feature set; S2. Analyze the first state of the line to be tested according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and the voltage threshold, and when the first state is a fault, obtain a current detection signal and issue an alarm; S3, performing wavelet transform according to the current detection signal to determine a current instantaneous feature set, and analyzing the second state of the circuit to be tested according to the current instantaneous feature set and a current threshold; S4. When the second state is a short circuit, a safety protection action is executed and an alarm is issued.

2. An electronic short circuit prevention method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the specific process of determining the voltage instantaneous feature set by performing wavelet transform according to the voltage detection signal is as follows: S11, determining a mother wavelet and a scale factor based on the change characteristics of the voltage detection signal, and performing convolution calculation on the voltage detection signal according to the mother wavelet and the scale factor to obtain voltage wavelet coefficients; S12, screening voltage wavelet coefficients based on preset singularity conditions to determine the voltage detection signal corresponding to the singularity point, and sorting the singularity points according to the time scale change of the voltage detection signal to obtain a voltage instantaneous feature set.

3. The electronic short circuit prevention method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific process of analyzing the first state of the circuit to be tested according to the voltage instantaneous feature set and the voltage threshold is: S21, extracting at least one voltage transient feature based on the period of the voltage transient feature set, and calculating a voltage threshold according to the period of the voltage transient feature set and a preset voltage fixed threshold; S22. Based on the fault action equation, the voltage instantaneous characteristic and the voltage threshold are compared to determine the first state of the circuit to be tested. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is greater than the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as a fault. If the voltage instantaneous characteristic is less than or equal to the voltage threshold, the first state is marked as normal.

4. An electronic short circuit prevention method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S21, the voltage threshold is calculated as follows: Where D set is the voltage threshold, N s is the number of sampling points in the cycle, k1 is the floating threshold coefficient, k2 is the fixed threshold coefficient, t is the time, D N is a fixed threshold base. is the floating threshold base, i represents the i-th sampling point.

5. The electronic short circuit prevention method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S22, the fault action equation is specifically: (|D(t-2)|∩|D(t-1)|∩|D(t)|)>D set ; Where D(t-2) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-2, D(t-1) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t-1, D(t) is the voltage instantaneous characteristic corresponding to time t, and D set is the voltage threshold.

6. An electronic short circuit prevention device, characterized in that: It includes: wiring terminals, voltage measuring components, switching components, current measuring components, alarm components, command receiving components, processors and power supply components; The collecting end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the wiring terminal, the output end of the voltage measuring component is electrically connected to the first collecting end of the processor, the first collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second collecting end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component, the output end of the current measuring component is electrically connected to the second collecting end of the processor, the second end of the switching component is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, the controlled end of the switching component is electrically connected to the first control end of the processor, the controlled end of the alarm component is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor, the output end of the power supply component is electrically connected to the power input end of the processor, and the control end of the instruction receiving component is electrically connected to the controlled end of the processor.

7. An electronic short circuit prevention device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The voltage measurement component includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a voltage conditioning element; the first end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the voltage conditioning element, the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the wiring terminal, and the output end of the voltage conditioning element serves as the output end of the voltage measurement component.

8. An electronic short circuit prevention device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The current measurement component includes: a current sensing element and a current conditioning element; the first end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring terminal, the second end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the first end of the switching component, the output end of the current sensing element is electrically connected to the input end of the current conditioning element, and the output end of the current conditioning element is electrically connected to the second collection end of the processor.

9. An electronic short circuit prevention device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The alarm component includes a light bulb and a buzzer; the input end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the second control end of the processor as the controlled end of the alarm component, and the output end of the light bulb is electrically connected to the input end of the buzzer.

10. An electronic short circuit prevention device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The instruction receiving component is specifically a Bluetooth terminal.

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