Farmland fertility improving method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of farmland soil fertility improvement, and discloses a farmland soil fertility improvement method, which comprises the steps of data acquisition, data screening, data primary analysis, soil nutrient regulation, data secondary analysis and evaluation, pH value detection and monitoring feedback. A farmland with low soil fertility is screened out, then preliminary analysis and evaluation of soil nutrients are carried out, soil with insufficient nutrients is adjusted, next analysis is carried out on soil with sufficient nutrients, secondary analysis is carried out, the compaction degree of a soil structure is evaluated, and adjustment is carried out on the situation that the compaction degree of the soil is high. Next-step pH value detection is carried out under the condition that the soil compaction degree is not high, whether the pH value of the soil needs to be adjusted or not is judged, the soil without pH value adjustment is continuously monitored, the pH value of the soil with the pH value not reaching the standard is adjusted, and the improvement effect of the farmland fertility is monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of improving farmland fertility, and more specifically to a method for improving farmland fertility. Background Art

[0002] As agricultural production continues, long-term cultivation and irrational use have led to a gradual decline in soil fertility, affecting the yield and quality of crops. Therefore, improving farmland fertility is crucial to ensuring food security. Farmland with sufficient fertility can provide sufficient nutrients to promote the growth and development of crops, thereby increasing food production. The method of improving farmland fertility is mainly based on the soil nutrient status and crop needs, and scientifically applying organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility;

[0003] However, the above process still has the following disadvantages:

[0004] First, the effect of improving farmland fertility needs to be verified through scientific monitoring and evaluation. However, the monitoring system in some areas is still imperfect, which makes it impossible to accurately grasp the changes in soil fertility in a timely manner, affecting technical improvement and decision-making;

[0005] Second, the existing methods for improving farmland soil fertility lack the ability to screen key parameters and conduct scientific evaluations, which may lead to inaccurate diagnosis of soil problems, resulting in blind fertilization and improvement. It is impossible to screen and evaluate soil conditions step by step from multiple aspects and formulate targeted soil fertility improvement plans. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving farmland fertility to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving farmland fertility, comprising:

[0008] S1: Real-time monitoring and collection of farmland soil fertility data of farmland through integrated soil sensors, automatic storage of the collected farmland soil fertility data to the data processing center, and transmission of the collected farmland soil fertility data to S2;

[0009] S2: Analyze the collected farmland soil fertility data to obtain the farmland soil fertility index, screen out farmland with low soil fertility, and transmit the screened farmland data to S3;

[0010] S3: Measure and obtain soil nutrient parameters from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, conduct preliminary analysis, and obtain soil nutrient evaluation coefficients. Use the soil nutrient evaluation coefficients to evaluate the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients, and preliminarily determine whether the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients. If the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S4; if the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S5;

[0011] S4: Based on the judgment result that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter is calculated respectively, and soil nutrient improvement measures are formulated according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter to adjust the insufficient soil nutrients, and then the improved soil nutrients are re-analyzed and evaluated;

[0012] S5: Measure and obtain soil structure parameters from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, conduct secondary analysis, obtain soil structure evaluation coefficient, evaluate soil compactness through soil structure evaluation coefficient, and judge again whether low farmland soil fertility is related to soil compactness. If low farmland soil fertility is related to high soil compactness, immediately adjust the soil compactness, and re-analyze and evaluate the adjusted soil compactness. If low farmland soil fertility is not related to high soil compactness, transmit the secondary analysis result to S6;

[0013] S6: measuring and obtaining the pH value of the soil from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, determining whether the soil pH of the farmland with low soil fertility is within the range of 6.0-7.5, and transmitting the determination result of soil pH adjustment to S7;

[0014] S7: Monitor the improvement effect of farmland soil fertility in real time, and generate a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and feed it back to the management personnel terminal.

[0015] Preferably, the soil integrated sensor in S1 integrates a variety of sensor elements for real-time monitoring of soil temperature, humidity, conductivity, pH value, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil compaction. The soil integrated sensor is buried in farmland soil to collect farmland soil fertility data in real time, and transmits the farmland soil fertility data to a data processing center through wireless communication technology for processing, including data cleaning, missing value processing, outlier detection and data integration; the various sensor elements include soil nutrient sensors, pH sensors, soil compaction sensors, conductivity sensors and humidity sensors.

[0016] Preferably, S2 analyzes the collected farmland fertility data and calculates the farmland fertility index as

[0017]

[0018] Among them, S represents the farmland soil fertility index, V i represents the actual measured value of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter collected, V imin represents the minimum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, V imax represents the maximum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, w i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter, and n represents the total number of farmland soil fertility parameters collected;

[0019] Compare the farmland soil fertility index S with the preset standard soil fertility threshold s to determine whether the farmland soil fertility is low; when S<s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be unqualified and the farmland at this time is judged to have low soil fertility; when S≥s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be good and the farmland soil fertility data continues to be monitored.

[0020] Preferably, the calculation formula of the soil nutrient evaluation coefficient of S3 is:

[0021] C=N×a1+P×a2+K×a3+OM×a4

[0022] Among them, C represents the soil nutrient assessment coefficient, N represents the nitrogen content in the soil, P represents the phosphorus content in the soil, K represents the potassium content in the soil, OM represents the organic matter content in the soil, a1, a2, a3, a4 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​of a1, a2, a3, a4 are adjusted according to the soil type;

[0023] The soil nutrient assessment coefficient C is compared with the preset soil nutrient threshold c. When C<c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S4 for soil nutrient improvement processing; when C≥c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S5 for further analysis.

[0024] Preferably, the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter calculated in S4 includes: an estimated application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, an estimated application amount of phosphorus fertilizer, an estimated application amount of potash fertilizer, and an estimated application amount of organic matter, which are represented by G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R), respectively, and the expressions of G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R) are as follows:

[0025] G(N)=(c N -c ON )×h O ×10 -1

[0026]

[0027] G(K)=(c K -c OK)×h O ×10 -1

[0028]

[0029] Among them, c N Indicates the target nitrogen concentration, h O It indicates the thickness of the effective soil layer, that is, the thickness of the layer that provides the water and nutrients needed for crop growth;

[0030] c P represents the target phosphorus concentration, c OP represents soil test phosphorus concentration, d P It indicates the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0031] c K represents the target potassium concentration, c OK Indicates soil test potassium concentration;

[0032] c R Indicates the target organic matter content, c OR Indicates the organic matter content of soil test, d R Indicates the decomposition rate of organic matter, g O It indicates the soil bulk density;

[0033] The management personnel adjust the soil nutrients according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter required for calculation, and return the adjusted soil nutrients to S3 for analysis and evaluation until the soil nutrient evaluation result exceeds the preset soil nutrient threshold, and then analyze the soil structure.

[0034] Preferably, when receiving the result that the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, S5 performs a secondary analysis on the soil structure and calculates the soil structure evaluation coefficient using the following formula:

[0035] X=B1 -1 ×f1+B2×f2+B3×f3

[0036] Among them, X represents the soil structure assessment coefficient, B1 represents the soil bulk density, B2 represents the soil porosity, B3 represents the permeability, f1, f2, f3 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​can be determined according to the crop requirements;

[0037] The soil structure assessment coefficient X is compared with the preset standard soil structure threshold value x. If X<x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to the high soil compaction. At this time, the management personnel are prompted to adjust the soil compaction immediately. After the adjustment is completed, the soil structure is re-analyzed and evaluated until the soil structure assessment coefficient exceeds the preset standard soil structure threshold value. Then, the soil pH is continued to be tested. If X≥x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to the high soil compaction, and the determination result is transmitted to S6.

[0038] Preferably, S6 first collects multiple soil samples from the screened farmland with low soil fertility, sends the collected soil samples to the laboratory to measure the pH value using pH test paper, and then compares the measured soil pH value with the normal range value. If the measured soil pH value falls within 6.0-7.5, the soil pH is appropriate, and the soil pH of the farmland with underground soil is normal. The soil pH continues to be monitored. If the measured soil pH value exceeds the range of 6.0-7.5, the management personnel must be immediately prompted to adjust the soil pH, and a soil pH adjustment instruction is generated and transmitted to S7.

[0039] Preferably, the S7 provides feedback to the management personnel by receiving the soil pH adjustment instruction, prompting the management personnel to adjust the soil pH, and monitors the entire process of improving farmland fertility in real time, and automatically generates a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and sends it to the management personnel.

[0040] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0041] The present invention monitors and collects farmland soil fertility data of farmland in real time by providing a soil comprehensive sensor, analyzes the collected farmland soil fertility data, screens out farmland with low soil fertility, and then extracts soil nutrient parameters from the screened out farmland with low soil fertility, performs preliminary analysis and evaluation of soil nutrients, adjusts soil with insufficient nutrients, and performs further analysis on soil with sufficient nutrients, extracts soil structure parameters from the screened out farmland with low soil fertility, performs secondary analysis and evaluation of the compactness of the soil structure, adjusts the soil in the case of high compactness, and performs further pH value detection for the case of low soil compactness, to determine whether soil pH needs to be adjusted. The pH value is adjusted, soil that does not need to be adjusted is continued to be monitored, the pH value of soil that does not meet the pH standard is adjusted, and the improvement effect of farmland soil fertility is monitored in real time, and a soil fertility improvement monitoring report is generated and fed back to the management personnel terminal. The farmland soil fertility screening and adjustment process can be used to monitor and evaluate the farmland soil fertility improvement effect, and the soil fertility changes can be grasped in time, and real-time dynamic adjustments can be made to farmland with low soil fertility. At the same time, by screening key parameters and conducting scientific evaluations, soil problems can be diagnosed in time, and soil status can be screened and evaluated step by step from multiple aspects to formulate targeted soil fertility improvement plans, which is conducive to improving the accuracy and reliability of farmland soil fertility improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for improving farmland fertility. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. In addition, the forms of the various structures recorded in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The method for improving farmland fertility involved in the present invention is not limited to the various structures recorded in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The present invention provides a method for improving farmland fertility, comprising:

[0045] S1: Real-time monitoring and collection of farmland soil fertility data of farmland is carried out through soil integrated sensors, the collected farmland soil fertility data is automatically stored in the data processing center, and the collected farmland soil fertility data is transmitted to S2.

[0046] In this embodiment, the soil comprehensive sensor in S1 integrates a variety of sensor elements for real-time monitoring of soil temperature, humidity, conductivity, pH value, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil compaction. The soil comprehensive sensor is buried in farmland soil to collect farmland soil fertility data in real time, and transmits the farmland soil fertility data to the data processing center through wireless communication technology for processing, including data cleaning, missing value processing, outlier detection and data integration; the various sensor elements include soil nutrient sensors, pH sensors, soil compaction sensors, conductivity sensors and humidity sensors.

[0047] S2: Analyze the collected farmland soil fertility data to obtain the farmland soil fertility index, screen out farmland with low soil fertility, and transmit the screened farmland data to S3.

[0048] In this embodiment, S2 analyzes the collected farmland soil fertility data and calculates the farmland soil fertility index as

[0049]

[0050] Among them, S represents the farmland soil fertility index, V i represents the actual measured value of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter collected, V imin represents the minimum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, V imax represents the maximum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, w i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter, and n represents the total number of farmland soil fertility parameters collected;

[0051] Compare the farmland soil fertility index S with the preset standard soil fertility threshold s to determine whether the farmland soil fertility is low; when S<s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be unqualified and the farmland at this time is judged to have low soil fertility; when S≥s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be good and the farmland soil fertility data continues to be monitored.

[0052] S3: Measure and obtain soil nutrient parameters from the selected farmlands with low soil fertility, conduct preliminary analysis, and obtain soil nutrient assessment coefficients. Use the soil nutrient assessment coefficients to assess the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients, and preliminarily determine whether the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients. If the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S4; if the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S5.

[0053] In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the soil nutrient evaluation coefficient of S3 is:

[0054] C=N×a1+P×a2+K×a3+OM×a4

[0055] Among them, C represents the soil nutrient assessment coefficient, N represents the nitrogen content in the soil, P represents the phosphorus content in the soil, K represents the potassium content in the soil, OM represents the organic matter content in the soil, a1, a2, a3, a4 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​of a1, a2, a3, a4 are adjusted according to the soil type;

[0056] The soil nutrient assessment coefficient C is compared with the preset soil nutrient threshold c. When C<c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S4 for soil nutrient improvement processing; when C≥c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S5 for further analysis.

[0057] S4: Based on the judgment result that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, calculate the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter respectively, formulate soil nutrient improvement measures according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter to adjust the insufficient soil nutrients, and then re-analyze and evaluate the improved soil nutrients.

[0058] In this embodiment, the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter calculated in S4 includes: an estimated application amount of nitrogen fertilizer, an estimated application amount of phosphorus fertilizer, an estimated application amount of potassium fertilizer, and an estimated application amount of organic matter, which are represented by G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R), respectively, and the expressions of G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R) are as follows:

[0059] G(N)=(c N -c ON )×h O ×10 -1

[0060]

[0061] G(K)=(c K -c OK )×h O ×10 -1

[0062]

[0063] Among them, c N Indicates the target nitrogen concentration, h O It indicates the thickness of the effective soil layer, that is, the thickness of the layer that provides the water and nutrients needed for crop growth;

[0064] c P represents the target phosphorus concentration, c OP represents soil test phosphorus concentration, d P It indicates the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer;

[0065] c K represents the target potassium concentration, c OK Indicates soil test potassium concentration;

[0066] c R Indicates the target organic matter content, c OR Indicates the organic matter content of soil test, d R Indicates the decomposition rate of organic matter, g O It indicates the soil bulk density;

[0067] The management personnel adjust the soil nutrients according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter required for calculation, and return the adjusted soil nutrients to S3 for analysis and evaluation until the soil nutrient evaluation result exceeds the preset soil nutrient threshold, and then analyze the soil structure.

[0068] It should be specifically noted that the management personnel adjust the soil nutrients according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter required for calculation, including:

[0069] If the target nitrogen concentration is 80 mg / kg, the soil test nitrogen concentration is 50 mg / kg, and the effective soil layer thickness is 25 cm, the required nitrogen fertilizer application rate is estimated to be 750 kg / ha;

[0070] If the target phosphorus concentration is 40 mg / kg, the soil test phosphorus concentration is 15 mg / kg, the soil effective layer thickness is 25 cm, and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is 20%, the required phosphorus fertilizer application rate is estimated to be 321.5 kg / ha;

[0071] If the target potassium concentration is 200 mg / kg, the soil test potassium concentration is 150 mg / kg, and the effective soil layer thickness is 25 cm, the required potassium fertilizer application rate is estimated to be 125 kg / ha;

[0072] If the target organic matter content is 4%, the soil test organic matter content is 2%, the soil effective layer thickness is 25cm, the decomposition rate of organic matter is 50%, and the soil bulk density is 1.3kg / L, the estimated amount of organic matter application required is 130kg / ha.

[0073] S5: Measure and obtain soil structure parameters from the selected farmlands with low soil fertility, conduct secondary analysis, and obtain soil structure assessment coefficients. Use the soil structure assessment coefficients to assess soil compactness, and again determine whether the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to the soil compactness. If the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to the high soil compactness, immediately adjust the soil compactness, and re-analyze and assess the adjusted soil compactness. If the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to the high soil compactness, transmit the secondary analysis results to S6.

[0074] In this embodiment, when S5 receives the result that the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, it performs a secondary analysis on the soil structure and calculates the soil structure evaluation coefficient by the following formula:

[0075] X=B1 -1 ×f1+B2×f2+B3×f3

[0076] Among them, X represents the soil structure assessment coefficient, B1 represents the soil bulk density, B2 represents the soil porosity, B3 represents the permeability, f1, f2, f3 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​can be determined according to the crop requirements;

[0077] The soil structure assessment coefficient X is compared with the preset standard soil structure threshold value x. If X<x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to the high soil compaction. At this time, the management personnel are prompted to adjust the soil compaction immediately. After the adjustment is completed, the soil structure is re-analyzed and evaluated until the soil structure assessment coefficient exceeds the preset standard soil structure threshold value. Then, the soil pH is continued to be tested. If X≥x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to the high soil compaction, and the determination result is transmitted to S6.

[0078] It should be specifically noted that soil structural parameters include soil bulk density B1, soil porosity B2, and permeability B3;

[0079] The soil bulk density B1 is obtained as follows:

[0080] Use a ring knife sampler to collect samples in the field, place the retrieved soil sample in a container of known volume, dry the soil sample to remove moisture, weigh the dry soil sample, and calculate the soil bulk density using the weight of the dry soil sample g and the volume of the soil sample v

[0081] The soil porosity B2 is obtained as follows:

[0082] Direct measurement of soil porosity using the water displacement method;

[0083] The permeability B3 is obtained as follows:

[0084] Use a double-ring permeameter to drive the double-ring permeameter into the soil to 20 cm in the selected test field, then add water to the inner ring. The water head height is 10 cm at the beginning, and the time when water begins to penetrate is recorded. The water head height is recorded every 30 minutes. When the water head height remains stable, the water head height and the amount of permeated water are recorded at this time, and the permeability is calculated at the same time. l is the amount of infiltrated water, t is the infiltration time, and a is the area of ​​the inner ring.

[0085] S6: Measure and obtain the pH value of the soil from the screened farmland with low soil fertility, determine whether the soil pH of the farmland with low soil fertility is within the range of 6.0-7.5, and transmit the determination result of soil pH adjustment to S7.

[0086] In this embodiment, S6 first collects multiple soil samples from the screened farmland with low soil fertility, sends the collected soil samples to the laboratory to measure the pH value using pH test paper, and then compares the measured soil pH value with the normal range value. If the measured soil pH value falls within 6.0-7.5, the soil pH is appropriate, and the soil pH of the farmland with underground soil is normal. The soil pH continues to be monitored. If the measured soil pH exceeds the range of 6.0-7.5, the management personnel must be immediately prompted to adjust the soil pH, and a soil pH adjustment instruction is generated and transmitted to S7.

[0087] S7: Monitor the improvement effect of farmland soil fertility in real time, and generate a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and feed it back to the management personnel terminal.

[0088] In this embodiment, the S7 provides feedback to the management personnel by receiving the soil pH adjustment instruction, prompting the management personnel to adjust the soil pH, and monitors the entire process of improving farmland fertility in real time, and automatically generates a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and sends it to the management personnel.

[0089] It should be specifically noted that S7 will monitor the adjustment of soil pH in real time until the soil pH is adjusted to the normal range, and the production stop adjustment instruction will be fed back to the management personnel terminal.

[0090] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0091] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving farmland fertility, characterized in that: include: S1: Real-time monitoring and collection of farmland soil fertility data of farmland through integrated soil sensors, automatic storage of the collected farmland soil fertility data to the data processing center, and transmission of the collected farmland soil fertility data to S2; S2: Analyze the collected farmland soil fertility data to obtain the farmland soil fertility index, screen out farmland with low soil fertility, and transmit the screened farmland data to S3; S3: Measure and obtain soil nutrient parameters from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, conduct preliminary analysis, and obtain soil nutrient evaluation coefficients. Use the soil nutrient evaluation coefficients to evaluate the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients, and preliminarily determine whether the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients. If the low soil fertility of the farmland is related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S4; if the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, the preliminary analysis results are transmitted to S5; S4: Based on the judgment result that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter is calculated respectively, and soil nutrient improvement measures are formulated according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter to adjust the insufficient soil nutrients, and then the improved soil nutrients are re-analyzed and evaluated; S5: Measure and obtain soil structure parameters from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, conduct secondary analysis, obtain soil structure evaluation coefficient, evaluate soil compactness through soil structure evaluation coefficient, and judge again whether low farmland soil fertility is related to soil compactness. If low farmland soil fertility is related to high soil compactness, immediately adjust the soil compactness, and re-analyze and evaluate the adjusted soil compactness. If low farmland soil fertility is not related to high soil compactness, transmit the secondary analysis result to S6; S6: measuring and obtaining the pH value of the soil from the selected farmland with low soil fertility, determining whether the soil pH of the farmland with low soil fertility is within the range of 6.0-7.5, and transmitting the determination result of soil pH adjustment to S7; S7: Monitor the improvement effect of farmland soil fertility in real time, and generate a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and feed it back to the management personnel terminal.

2. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil comprehensive sensor in S1 integrates a variety of sensor elements for real-time monitoring of soil temperature, humidity, conductivity, pH value, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil compaction. The soil comprehensive sensor is buried in farmland soil to collect farmland soil fertility data in real time, and transmits the data to the data processing center through wireless communication technology to process the farmland soil fertility data, including data cleaning, missing value processing, outlier detection and data integration; the various sensor elements include soil nutrient sensors, pH sensors, soil compaction sensors, conductivity sensors and humidity sensors.

3. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 analyzes the collected farmland soil fertility data and calculates the farmland soil fertility index as follows: Among them, S represents the farmland soil fertility index, V i represents the actual measured value of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter collected, V imin represents the minimum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, V imax represents the maximum value of the soil fertility parameter of the i-th farmland among all farmlands, w i represents the weight coefficient of the i-th farmland soil fertility parameter, and n represents the total number of farmland soil fertility parameters collected; Compare the farmland soil fertility index S with the preset standard soil fertility threshold s to determine whether the farmland soil fertility is low; when S<s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be unqualified and the farmland at this time is judged to have low soil fertility; when S≥s, the farmland soil fertility is judged to be good and the farmland soil fertility data continues to be monitored.

4. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the soil nutrient evaluation coefficient of S3 is: C=N×a1+P×a2+K×a3+OM×a4 Among them, C represents the soil nutrient assessment coefficient, N represents the nitrogen content in the soil, P represents the phosphorus content in the soil, K represents the potassium content in the soil, OM represents the organic matter content in the soil, a1, a2, a3, a4 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​of a1, a2, a3, a4 are adjusted according to the soil type; The soil nutrient assessment coefficient C is compared with the preset soil nutrient threshold c. When C<c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S4 for soil nutrient improvement processing; when C≥c, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, and the assessment result is transmitted to S5 for further analysis.

5. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The estimated values ​​of the application amount of each soil nutrient parameter calculated in S4 include: an estimated value of nitrogen fertilizer application amount, an estimated value of phosphorus fertilizer application amount, an estimated value of potassium fertilizer application amount, and an estimated value of organic matter application amount, which are represented by G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R), respectively, and the expressions of G(N), G(P), G(K), and G(R) are as follows: G(N)=(c N -c ON )×h O ×10 -1 G(K)=(c K -c OK )×h O ×10 -1 Among them, c N Indicates the target nitrogen concentration, h O It indicates the thickness of the effective soil layer, that is, the thickness of the layer that provides the water and nutrients needed for crop growth; c P represents the target phosphorus concentration, c OP represents soil test phosphorus concentration, d P It indicates the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer; c K represents the target potassium concentration, c OK Indicates soil test potassium concentration; c R Indicates the target organic matter content, c OR Indicates the organic matter content of soil test, d R Indicates the decomposition rate of organic matter, g O It indicates the soil bulk density; The management personnel adjust the soil nutrients according to the estimated application amount of each soil nutrient parameter required for calculation, and return the adjusted soil nutrients to S3 for analysis and evaluation until the soil nutrient evaluation result exceeds the preset soil nutrient threshold, and then analyze the soil structure.

6. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: When receiving the result that the low soil fertility of the farmland is not related to insufficient soil nutrients, S5 performs a secondary analysis of the soil structure and calculates the soil structure evaluation coefficient using the following formula: X=B1 -1 ×f1+B2×f2+B3×f3 Among them, X represents the soil structure assessment coefficient, B1 represents the soil bulk density, B2 represents the soil porosity, B3 represents the permeability, f1, f2, f3 are weight coefficients, and the specific values ​​can be determined according to the crop requirements; The soil structure assessment coefficient X is compared with the preset standard soil structure threshold value x. If X<x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is related to the high soil compaction. At this time, the management personnel are prompted to adjust the soil compaction immediately. After the adjustment is completed, the soil structure is re-analyzed and evaluated until the soil structure assessment coefficient exceeds the preset standard soil structure threshold value. Then, the soil pH is continued to be tested. If X≥x, it is determined that the low farmland fertility is not related to the high soil compaction, and the determination result is transmitted to S6.

7. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 first collects a plurality of soil samples from the selected farmlands with low soil fertility, sends the collected soil samples to the laboratory to measure the pH value using pH test paper, and then compares the measured soil pH value with the normal range value. If the measured soil pH value falls within 6.0-7.5, the soil pH is appropriate, and the soil pH of the farmland with low soil fertility is normal. The soil pH continues to be monitored. If the measured soil pH value exceeds the range of 6.0-7.5, the management personnel must be immediately prompted to adjust the soil pH, and a soil pH adjustment instruction is generated and transmitted to S7.

8. A method for improving farmland fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S7 receives soil pH adjustment instructions, provides feedback to the management personnel, prompts the management personnel to adjust the soil pH, monitors the entire process of improving farmland fertility in real time, and automatically generates a soil fertility improvement monitoring report and sends it to the management personnel.

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