Modeling simulation analysis system for photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system, and relates to the field of power station modeling simulation. Comprising the steps that a parameter acquisition module collects key data such as voltage, current, temperature and illumination intensity in real time through a sensor and detects the integrity of the data in combination with historical data; the modeling module adopts a segmented modeling mode according to the collected data and the physical topology of the power station, and the transient processes of different stages are respectively ensured, so that the simulation precision is ensured; the simulation module inputs different disturbance parameters based on the model, simulates load and power grid fluctuation through a disturbance generator, analyzes transient response of the system and corrects the model in real time; the multi-scene generation unit is used for automatically generating a simulation scene in an extreme environment by using historical weather and power grid data, and testing the stability of a power station; and the evaluation module generates an evaluation report by analyzing the simulation result, identifies equipment faults, proposes specific suggestions for optimizing operation, and ensures the performance and stability of the power station under complex operation conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power station modeling and simulation, and in particular to a photovoltaic power station modeling and simulation analysis system. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of global demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic power stations have gradually become an important source of clean energy. The efficient operation of photovoltaic power stations depends on the stability of equipment and real-time monitoring of power station operation. Therefore, a modeling and simulation system is needed to evaluate the transient response characteristics and stability of photovoltaic power stations under different operating conditions, so as to ensure the reliability and performance optimization of the power station.

[0003] The modeling and simulation of traditional photovoltaic power stations usually use a single model and empirical formula to perform static analysis of the power station, and lack dynamic response analysis of the photovoltaic system under different working conditions. In the existing technology, a simple linear model is used to evaluate the relationship between the output power of photovoltaic modules and the sunshine intensity and temperature, but it cannot deeply reflect the transient changes under the conditions of grid access and load changes, resulting in a large deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation.

[0004] Existing modeling and simulation technologies have low accuracy when dealing with complex transient characteristics and cannot accurately simulate the dynamic response of photovoltaic power stations under extreme conditions. This paper proposes a photovoltaic power station modeling, simulation and analysis system that uses a segmented modeling method to divide the power station transient process into multiple stages. It combines a random disturbance generator, historical data and a multi-scenario generation unit to more accurately simulate the transient changes of photovoltaic power stations under different operating conditions, solving the defect that existing technologies cannot fully simulate complex transient characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power station modeling, simulation and analysis system, which adopts a segmented modeling method to divide the transient process of the power station into multiple stages. Combined with a random disturbance generator, historical data and a multi-scenario generation unit, it can more accurately simulate the transient changes of the photovoltaic power station under different operating conditions to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system, comprising:

[0009] The parameter acquisition module is used to collect the real-time operating parameters of various equipment in the photovoltaic power station, and also includes an environmental monitoring unit for monitoring the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic power station. The environmental parameters are combined with the operating parameters of the power station equipment as model input data to dynamically adjust the modeling parameters in the modeling module;

[0010] The modeling module is used to construct a transient model according to the operating parameters obtained by the parameter acquisition module and the physical equipment topology and operating characteristics of the photovoltaic power station, and adopt a segmented modeling method to subdivide the transient process into multiple stages, establish a targeted stage model for each stage, and pass the constructed model to the simulation module to prepare for subsequent simulation analysis;

[0011] The simulation module includes a disturbance response unit, a multi-scenario generation unit and a model correction unit, which are used to perform simulation analysis on the transient model and obtain the transient response results of the power station by inputting disturbance parameters under different conditions;

[0012] The evaluation module is used to analyze the performance of the photovoltaic power station according to the output results of the simulation module, generate an evaluation report, and evaluate the stability and performance of the photovoltaic power station under different operating conditions.

[0013] Preferably, the parameter acquisition module collects various key operating parameters in real time through a variety of sensors deployed on key equipment of the photovoltaic power station, such as voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors and light intensity sensors; each sensor is connected to the data acquisition device through a dedicated wireless communication protocol, and the data acquisition device has an edge computing function, which can perform preliminary processing and filtering on the collected data locally to reduce noise interference and improve data accuracy; after the collected processed data is transmitted to the parameter acquisition module through a wireless network, it is combined with historical data in the database and a Kalman filter algorithm for data integrity check is used to detect whether the data is missing or abnormal, and the data is analyzed by comparing with historical trends to ensure the accuracy and continuity of the data; the key operating parameters include voltage, current, power, temperature, and light intensity, the key equipment includes photovoltaic components, inverters, combiner boxes, transformers and reactive compensation equipment, the photovoltaic components include PV modules, and the wireless communication protocols include LoRa and ZigBee.

[0014] Preferably, based on the dynamic working condition identification and adaptive model switching technology, the parameter acquisition module uses the collected equipment parameters and light environment parameters and transmits them to the modeling module. The modeling module constructs a multi-stage transient model based on the physical topology and operating characteristics of the power station, and uses an intelligent algorithm to dynamically identify the working conditions of the collected data, such as judging the grid access, steady state, disconnection, load change, etc. When the working condition changes, it adaptively switches between segmented models. At the same time, the simulation module analyzes the disturbance parameters input according to different working conditions, and its disturbance response unit, multi-scenario generation unit, and model correction unit work together. The data statistics, fault detection, and optimization suggestion generation units of the evaluation module evaluate the power station performance according to the simulation results; wherein the physical topology of the power station refers to the physical connection relationship and layout structure between photovoltaic cell components, inverters, transformers, junction boxes, and distribution cabinets in the photovoltaic power station, including their series and parallel modes and electrical connection sequences; the operating characteristics cover the electrical characteristics, power output characteristics, response characteristics to environmental changes, fault characteristics, and dynamic response and stability characteristics of these devices under different working conditions under conditions such as grid access and disconnection, load changes, etc.

[0015] Preferably, the modeling module first receives real-time data from the parameter acquisition module, and gradually establishes its transient model in combination with the physical equipment topology of the photovoltaic power station; the modeling module adopts a segmented modeling method, and divides the transient process into multiple key stages according to the operating conditions of the photovoltaic power station, including the grid access stage, the steady-state operation stage, the grid disconnection stage and the load change stage. In the grid access stage, the transient response of the photovoltaic power station when connected to the grid is simulated by the voltage fluctuation modeling algorithm, and the voltage shock, frequency fluctuation and phase difference at the moment of access are considered; the steady-state operation stage adopts a steady-state current and power model to perform stability analysis on the output of the photovoltaic module and the inverter, and the grid disconnection stage uses a transient disconnection model to analyze the transient response of the power station disconnected from the grid, focusing on simulating the impact of voltage overshoot and power sag; the load fluctuation stage uses a dynamic load distribution model to simulate the response of the photovoltaic power station under rapid load changes or external disturbances, and evaluate the adjustment effect of the reactive compensation equipment; each stage corresponds to a different modeling algorithm, which respectively handles the transient changes of the photovoltaic power station under various working conditions, ensuring that the system can accurately simulate the operating characteristics of each stage and improve the accuracy and reliability of the simulation.

[0016] Preferably, the simulation module also includes a disturbance response unit, which is mainly based on the established transient model and inputs different disturbance parameters, such as load changes, power grid fluctuations and extreme weather conditions. When performing simulation analysis, a random disturbance generator is used to apply disturbance parameters of different amplitudes and frequencies to evaluate the system's response capability under transient conditions; in the specific process, the simulation module uses numerical integration and discrete event simulation methods to capture the operating status of the photovoltaic power station under voltage fluctuations, frequency offsets, etc., and key indicators such as output voltage, current and reactive power in real time; the simulation results not only show the transient response of the system under different working conditions, but also evaluate the response speed and stability of equipment such as inverters and reactive compensation equipment when dealing with disturbances, wherein the disturbance parameters include voltage drops and load fluctuations.

[0017] Preferably, the random disturbance generator applies disturbance parameters to simulate the response of the photovoltaic power station under various abnormal operating conditions by setting different amplitudes and frequency ranges. The random disturbance generator first randomly generates voltage or current disturbances of different amplitudes according to a preset disturbance range, for example, from small fluctuations to large voltage drops; then the generator randomly determines the frequency of the disturbance to simulate short-term pulses or long-term fluctuations; in this way, the random disturbance generator can apply disturbances such as load fluctuations, grid instability or environmental changes of various frequencies, so as to test the transient response of the photovoltaic power station under different disturbance conditions and ensure that the system has strong anti-disturbance ability and stability.

[0018] Preferably, the simulation module includes the model correction unit, which continuously corrects the simulation model through a real-time feedback mechanism. The model correction unit compares the simulation results with the actual operating data of the photovoltaic power station in real time, and calculates the error accumulation of key parameters such as voltage, current, and power; once the error exceeds a set threshold, the model correction unit will automatically adjust the key parameters in the model, such as the response time of the inverter, the adjustment accuracy of the reactive compensation equipment, etc., and use an adaptive algorithm to dynamically optimize these parameters to ensure that the model can keep up with changes in the actual system; the model correction unit runs continuously during the simulation process to gradually reduce the deviation between the simulation results and the measured data.

[0019] Preferably, the simulation module further includes a multi-scenario generation unit, which automatically generates simulation scenarios under various extreme environments by reading historical meteorological data and power grid operation records. The specific operation is to first read historical meteorological information, such as extreme weather conditions such as storms, high temperatures, low temperatures, strong winds and power grid instability, as well as large-scale fluctuations and abnormal records in power grid operation; then set specific simulation parameters for each environmental condition, such as wind speed, rainfall, and voltage fluctuation amplitude, and automatically generate corresponding simulation scenarios based on these parameters; these simulation scenarios include different external conditions and power grid conditions, such as voltage changes during storms or load fluctuations when the power grid is unstable, and by testing these extreme scenarios one by one, the operating performance and stability of the photovoltaic power station under different extreme conditions are evaluated.

[0020] Preferably, the evaluation module includes the fault detection unit, which first receives the electrical parameter data output by the simulation module, and uses the data statistics unit to perform detailed statistical analysis, and generates a time change curve graph by calculating the average value, peak value and variance indicators to show the change trend of various parameters of the photovoltaic power station over time; at the same time, the evaluation module focuses on capturing transient phenomena, and uses the emergency state analysis algorithm to evaluate the stability of the system when responding to emergencies; the fault detection unit uses an anomaly detection algorithm to automatically identify abnormal data in the simulation results, and compares these data with historical operation records to determine whether there is equipment failure or operation abnormality. Once an abnormality is detected, the evaluation module will generate a detailed analysis report, give a speculation on the cause of the fault and corresponding maintenance or replacement suggestions, to help operation and maintenance personnel deal with potential problems in a timely manner and ensure the continuous and stable operation of the photovoltaic power station; the electrical parameters include voltage, current and power, and the transient phenomena include current mutation and voltage overshoot.

[0021] Preferably, the evaluation module further includes the optimization suggestion generation unit, which automatically generates a targeted optimization plan by analyzing the performance data output by the simulation and combining the design and operation parameters of the photovoltaic power station. The optimization suggestion generation unit first analyzes key operating indicators, such as load distribution, voltage stability, reactive power compensation effect and inverter regulation efficiency; based on these data, the optimization suggestion generation unit applies an optimization algorithm to evaluate the current operating status and identify potential room for improvement. When the load distribution is uneven or the reactive power compensation is insufficient, it will put forward adjustment suggestions, such as optimizing power distribution, adjusting the configuration of reactive power compensation equipment or fine-tuning the parameters of the inverter; through the generated optimization report, it can not only provide a diagnosis of existing problems, but also provide detailed optimization strategies and implementation suggestions for improving the overall operating efficiency and stability of the power station to guide subsequent improvements.

[0022] (III) Beneficial effects

[0023] The present invention provides a photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The system collects and monitors the key equipment parameters of the photovoltaic power station, such as voltage, current, temperature and light intensity, through multiple sensors to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the data, and uses the Kalman filter algorithm to correct the collected data; by comprehensively monitoring the real-time operating parameters of the key equipment of the power station, it can effectively identify anomalies, reduce misjudgments caused by data noise or missing, and improve the reliability of the overall system monitoring.

[0025] 2. The system's multi-scenario generation unit can automatically create a variety of simulation scenarios to simulate the transient response of photovoltaic power stations under different climatic conditions and grid fluctuations. By reading historical meteorological data and grid operation records, the system can set simulation parameters for extreme conditions and test the operating capabilities of photovoltaic power stations one by one. This not only helps to discover potential risks in advance, but also provides a favorable reference for the protection design and operation strategy optimization of photovoltaic power stations, and improves the system's robustness in dealing with complex working conditions.

[0026] 3. The segmented modeling method of the system significantly improves the accuracy and responsiveness of the simulation model by dividing the transient process of the photovoltaic power station into different key stages; different modeling algorithms are used in each stage to handle transient changes under specific working conditions, ensuring that the simulation results can accurately reflect the operating characteristics of the photovoltaic power station at different stages; through dynamic load distribution and transient grid disconnection models, the system can accurately simulate complex transient phenomena in actual operation and provide reliable support for the stable operation of photovoltaic power stations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] The embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system, which includes a parameter acquisition module, a modeling module, a simulation module and an evaluation module, and is specifically implemented as follows:

[0030] The parameter acquisition module of the system collects the operating parameters of the equipment in real time through a variety of sensors deployed on the key equipment of the photovoltaic power station; the key equipment includes photovoltaic components, inverters, combiner boxes, transformers and reactive compensation equipment; photovoltaic components mainly include PV modules, and the sensors include voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors and light intensity sensors; each sensor is connected to the data acquisition device through wireless communication protocols such as LoRa and ZigBee; the data acquisition device is equipped with edge computing function, which can perform preliminary processing and filtering on the collected data to reduce noise interference and ensure the accuracy of the data; the real-time collected operating parameters include the voltage, current, temperature, light intensity, etc. of the photovoltaic cell components, and are transmitted to the parameter acquisition module through the wireless network; the system combines the historical data in the database and uses the Kalman filter algorithm to check the data integrity to detect whether there are any missing or abnormalities, and further compares the historical data trends for analysis to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the data.

[0031] Then, the modeling module gradually establishes the transient model of the photovoltaic power station based on the real-time data obtained by the parameter acquisition module and the physical equipment topology of the photovoltaic power station. The modeling module adopts a segmented modeling method to divide the transient process of the photovoltaic power station into multiple key stages, including the grid access stage, the steady-state operation stage, the load fluctuation stage and the grid disconnection stage. Different modeling algorithms are used in each stage to handle transient changes under different working conditions. In the grid access stage, the system simulates the transient response of the photovoltaic power station when it is connected to the grid through the voltage fluctuation modeling algorithm, taking into account the voltage impact, frequency fluctuation and phase difference problems at the moment of access. The core formula is Where V grid (t) represents the change of the voltage at the grid access point over time, V0 is the initial voltage, A is the voltage amplitude, α is the attenuation coefficient, ω is the angular frequency, The initial phase is adopted; the steady-state current and power model is used in the steady-state operation stage to analyze the stability of the output of photovoltaic modules and inverters; the dynamic load distribution model is used in the load fluctuation stage to simulate the response of photovoltaic power stations under rapid load changes or external disturbances, especially to evaluate the adjustment effect of reactive power compensation equipment; in the grid disconnection stage, the transient grid disconnection model is used to analyze the transient response of photovoltaic power stations when the grid is disconnected, and to simulate the impact of voltage overshoot and power sag; through this staged modeling method, the system can accurately simulate the transient process of photovoltaic power stations under different operating conditions and improve the accuracy of simulation.

[0032] Next, based on the modeling module, the simulation module simulates and analyzes the transient model of the photovoltaic power station by inputting disturbance parameters under different conditions; the disturbance parameters can be grid fluctuations, load changes or extreme weather conditions, such as rapid voltage drops or instantaneous load changes; the random disturbance generator applies disturbance parameters by setting different amplitudes and frequency ranges, such as randomly generating voltage or current disturbances of different amplitudes from the preset disturbance range, and then randomly determining the frequency of the disturbance to simulate various situations such as short-term pulses or long-term fluctuations. The disturbance voltage is calculated by the formula: V perturb (t) = V nominal +rV nominal sin(2πft), where V perturb is the disturbance voltage, V nominal is the rated voltage, r is the disturbance amplitude proportional coefficient, and f is the disturbance frequency. During the simulation process, numerical integration and discrete event simulation methods are used to capture the operating status of the photovoltaic power station under voltage fluctuations, frequency offsets, and other conditions, as well as key indicators such as output voltage, current, and reactive power. The response speed and stability of equipment such as inverters and reactive compensation equipment in response to disturbances are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate the transient response capability of the system under different working conditions, and evaluate the instantaneous response and stability of the photovoltaic power station under different conditions.

[0033] Finally, the evaluation module conducts a detailed analysis of the performance of the photovoltaic power station based on the results output by the simulation module; this module evaluates the stability and performance of the photovoltaic power station under different operating conditions by analyzing the electrical parameters; the system generates a time change curve based on voltage, current, power and other data to show the change trend of these key parameters over time; at the same time, the evaluation module uses an anomaly detection algorithm to identify abnormal data in the simulation output and compare it with historical data. Once an anomaly is found, the system will automatically generate a fault detection report, provide a guess about the cause of the fault and equipment maintenance or replacement suggestions; finally, the evaluation module also generates a comprehensive evaluation report on the performance of the photovoltaic power station to help operation and maintenance personnel identify potential risks and optimize the operation efficiency of the power station.

[0034] Embodiment 2:

[0035] Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment adds a multi-scenario simulation analysis and optimization suggestion generation unit to enhance the scenario adaptability and optimization capability of the system; the multi-scenario generation unit automatically generates simulation scenarios under extreme environmental conditions by reading historical meteorological data and power grid operation records; in specific operations, the system first extracts historical meteorological information from the database, such as extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, strong wind, high temperature, low temperature, and large-scale fluctuations and abnormal conditions in the power grid operation records; then sets specific simulation parameters for each environmental condition, such as wind speed, rainfall, voltage fluctuation amplitude, etc., and automatically generates corresponding simulation scenarios based on these parameters; each simulation scenario simulates specific external conditions and power grid states, such as voltage changes during storms, power fluctuations during strong winds, load responses when the power grid is unstable, etc.; through multi-scenario simulation tests, the system can evaluate the operating performance and stability of photovoltaic power stations under different extreme conditions, identify potential design defects or performance bottlenecks in advance, and provide a basis for the protection design of photovoltaic power stations.

[0036] Based on multi-scenario simulation analysis, the evaluation module further enhances the system's performance analysis capabilities, especially the optimization suggestion generation unit; this unit automatically generates optimization suggestions by analyzing the performance data output by the simulation and combining the design parameters and historical operation records of the photovoltaic power station. The system conducts a comprehensive analysis of the operating status of the photovoltaic power station and evaluates key indicators such as load distribution, voltage stability, reactive power compensation effect, and inverter regulation efficiency; based on these data, the optimization suggestion generation unit evaluates the operating efficiency of the current photovoltaic power station through the optimization algorithm and identifies possible optimization directions; when the system detects uneven load distribution, the system will recommend optimizing the power distribution strategy and adjusting the output power of each photovoltaic module to balance the load distribution; when the reactive power compensation device has insufficient regulation effect, the system will recommend reconfiguring the reactive power compensation device's regulation parameters or adding compensation equipment; in the case of slow inverter regulation, the system will propose an adjustment plan to improve the inverter's response speed; the optimization suggestions are not limited to current problems, but can also make forward-looking suggestions based on potential risks in the simulation results to help photovoltaic power stations improve their overall operating efficiency and stability.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system, comprising a parameter acquisition module, a modeling module, a simulation module and an evaluation module, characterized in that: The parameter acquisition module is used to collect the real-time operating parameters of various equipment in the photovoltaic power station, and also includes an environmental monitoring unit for monitoring the external environmental parameters of the photovoltaic power station. The environmental parameters are combined with the operating parameters of the power station equipment as model input data to dynamically adjust the modeling parameters in the modeling module; The modeling module is used to build a transient model according to the operating parameters obtained by the parameter acquisition module and the physical equipment topology and operating characteristics of the photovoltaic power station, and adopt a segmented modeling method to subdivide the transient process into multiple stages, establish a targeted stage model for each stage, and pass the built model to the simulation module; The simulation module includes a disturbance response unit, a multi-scenario generation unit and a model correction unit, which are used to perform simulation analysis on the transient model and obtain transient response results of the power station by inputting disturbance parameters under different conditions; The evaluation module is used to analyze the performance of the photovoltaic power station according to the output results of the simulation module, generate an evaluation report, and evaluate the stability and performance of the photovoltaic power station under different operating conditions.

2. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parameter acquisition module is used to collect real-time operating parameters of equipment in the photovoltaic power station and external environmental parameters, wherein the equipment operating parameters include the voltage, current, temperature, and light intensity of the photovoltaic cell assembly, and the environmental parameters include light intensity, wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The collected parameters are transmitted to the modeling module after processing to provide a data basis for modeling. The module is equipped with a variety of sensors, and the sensors and processing units are connected via a wireless network to ensure accurate acquisition and transmission of data.

3. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modeling module processes the transient process of the photovoltaic power station based on a segmented modeling method based on dynamic operating condition identification and adaptive model switching technology; the segmented modeling divides the transient process into multiple stages, and establishes stage models for different situations in the grid access stage, steady-state operation stage, grid disconnection stage and load change stage, so as to cope with the complex operating conditions of the power station and improve the accuracy of the simulation results.

4. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the segmented modeling process, for the grid access stage, a detailed model is established by considering the voltage impact, frequency fluctuation and phase difference factors at the moment of access; for the steady-state operation stage, a steady-state current and power model is used to analyze the stability of the output of photovoltaic modules and inverters; for the above-mentioned grid disconnection stage, the power balance and voltage stability changes are analyzed according to the disconnection reasons and the emergency control strategy of the power station; in the load change stage, the charging and discharging characteristics are modeled according to the load change rate, amplitude and type and combined with the power regulation capability of the power station.

5. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulation module includes a disturbance response unit, which is used to apply random disturbance parameters during the simulation process to simulate the response of the photovoltaic power station under transient conditions; the disturbance response unit generates simulation results according to the input disturbance type to evaluate the transient stability of the power station system.

6. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulation module also includes a multi-scenario generation unit, which generates multiple simulation scenarios based on historical operating data and preset extreme operating conditions. The scenario generation unit can automatically adjust simulation parameters to test the performance of the photovoltaic power station under different operating environments.

7. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulation module further includes a model correction unit, which automatically corrects key parameters according to the error accumulation situation by comparing the simulation results with the actual measured data through real-time feedback. The key parameters include inverter response time and reactive power compensation parameters.

8. A photovoltaic power station modeling simulation analysis system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation module includes a data statistics unit, which is used to perform statistical analysis on various electrical parameters output by simulation, generate a curve chart showing the change of parameters over time, capture and analyze transient phenomena, and output a detailed statistical report.