Wood structure solid wall, method for constructing wood structure solid wall, method for increasing wall magnification of wood structure solid wall, and gypsum-based solid surface material

Abstract

The wall multiplying power of the wood structure solid wall can be improved without additionally installing reinforcing materials or reinforcing materials or increasing the specific gravity and / or the plate thickness of gypsum surface materials. A gypsum-based solid surface material (10) for a wood structure solid wall is configured from a main material or a core material and a paper member covering at least the front and back surfaces of the main material or the core material, the main material or the core material being formed from a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body in which inorganic fibers and an organic-based strength reinforcing material are mixed, and being capable of exhibiting a nail side resistance of 500 N or more. The present invention relates to a solid-resistant surface material which has a surface density in the range of 6.5-8.9 kg / m2 and a compressive strength of 6.5 N / mm2 or more, exhibits a limit displacement ([delta] u) of more than 20 * 10 <-3 > rad and an initial stiffness (K) of 2.0 kN / 10 <-3 > rad or more in an in-plane shear test of a solid-resistant wall, and is capable of improving the plasticity ([mu]) not only by increasing the limit displacement and by decreasing the yield point displacement ([delta] v), but also by reducing the initial stiffness (K) of 2.0 kN / 10 <-3 > rad. Therefore, the wall multiplying power and the short-term reference shear endurance (P0) of the wood structure endurance wall can be effectively or efficiently improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wood structure endurance wall, a construction method of a wood structure endurance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall, and a gypsum endurance surface material. More specifically, it relates to a wood structure endurance wall, which can effectively reduce the damage or breakage of the nailing part without the need to additionally install a reinforcing material or reinforcement material such as a metal plate, a construction method of a wood structure endurance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall, and a gypsum endurance surface material for a wood structure endurance wall. Background Art

[0002] In general, the construction methods of wooden structures can be roughly divided into wooden frame construction method and wooden framework wall construction method. Due to the impact of large-scale earthquakes in recent years, research on the seismic resistance of wooden structures has received particular attention in my country (Japan). As described in Patent Document 1 (International Publication WO2019 / 203148A1), in the architectural design practice in my country (Japan), as an indicator for evaluating the strength of wooden structures that resist short-term horizontal loads (seismic forces, wind pressure, etc.), the frame length (the length of the wall in the building plan) of the endurance wall that is effective in terms of structural resistance is generally used. When calculating the frame length, the wall multiplier corresponding to the structure of the endurance wall is used. The wall multiplier is an indicator of the seismic performance or strength performance of the endurance wall. The larger the value, the greater the seismic strength. A wall structure with a larger wall multiplier value is conducive to improving the overall design freedom and seismic resistance of the building.

[0003] The wall ratio of the general-purpose wood-structure endurance wall used in our country (Japan) for many years is stipulated in Article 46 of the Building Standards Act Enforcement Order, Ministry of Construction Announcement No. 1100 (June 1, 1975), and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Announcement No. 1541 (October 15, 1987). On the other hand, for endurance walls that are not such general-purpose wall structures and are common in recent years, the wall ratio is stipulated based on the approval of the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as stipulated in Table 1 (VIII) of Article 46, Item 4 of the Building Standards Enforcement Order. Therefore, the wall ratio of the wood-structure endurance wall that has been constructed more frequently in recent years needs to be set based on the performance test conducted by a designated performance evaluation agency, and the test methods of the performance test are detailed in the "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Ratio Performance Test and Evaluation Business Method Book" etc. announced by each test and inspection agency.

[0004] Patent Document 1 describes a method of reinforcing a surface material by placing a metal plate or other reinforcing material on the nailing part to prevent the nailing part from being damaged or broken as a countermeasure for increasing the wall ratio by increasing the limit displacement of the endurance wall. By using such a reinforcing material or reinforcing material, it is believed that it is not necessary to rely on increasing the maximum load that the surface material can bear, and by increasing the toughness and deformation tracking property of the endurance surface material to increase the limit displacement, it is possible to construct a wood structure endurance wall that can exert a higher wall ratio. However, according to the endurance wall structure constructed by using reinforcing materials or reinforcing materials to increase the limit displacement, it is necessary to add a process of additionally installing the reinforcing material or reinforcing material on the surface of the endurance surface material during the surface material manufacturing process, or to implement such a process additionally during the construction of the wood structure endurance wall. Such a process will complicate the manufacturing process of the gypsum surface material, or will constitute a factor that causes the deterioration of the workability of the construction project.

[0005] On the other hand, as a gypsum surface material that can be appropriately used as a resistance surface material for a wood structure resistance wall, a "structural gypsum board" is known. The "structural gypsum board" is a gypsum surface material in which the nail side resistance of the "reinforced gypsum board" is enhanced according to the technology of the present applicant described in the publication of Japanese Patent No. 5642948 (Patent Document 2). The nail side resistance refers to the shear resistance or shear resistance of the nailed part of the surface material measured by the nail side resistance test specified in JIS A 6901. Regarding the nail side resistance, there is a relatively detailed description in the publication of Japanese Patent No. 7012405 (Patent Document 3) applied by the present applicant, so a more detailed description is omitted, but the nail side resistance is a physical property advocated by the present applicant in Patent Document 2 as a resistance judgment factor of gypsum resistance surface materials, and is one of the resistance factors that the present applicant has paid special attention to in recent years.

[0006] Structural gypsum board (GB-St) refers to a gypsum surface material that has improved overall resistance as a resistance surface material compared to (ordinary) gypsum board (GB-R), and has improved nail side resistance compared to reinforced gypsum board (GB-F). Regarding structural gypsum board, JIS A 6901 currently stipulates that it is a gypsum surface material with a nail side resistance of 750N or more (Type A) or 500N or more (Type B). A wood structure resistance wall using structural gypsum board as a resistance surface material can exert a higher wall multiplier than a wood structure resistance wall using (ordinary) gypsum board or reinforced gypsum board as a resistance surface material. On the other hand, structural gypsum board, like reinforced gypsum board, must have a thickness of 12.5mm or more and a specific gravity of 0.75 or more. Therefore, a wood structure resistance wall fixed with structural gypsum board must have a strength of at least about 9.4kg / m 2 The surface density or surface weight (the mass of the endurance surface material per unit area of ​​the wall (hereinafter referred to as "surface density")).

[0007] Patent document 3 (Japanese Patent No. 7012405 Publication) describes a gypsum-based resistant surface material that can make a resistant wall have a short-term reference shear resistance (P0) equivalent to that of a structural gypsum board, but with a lower surface density than that of a structural gypsum board. The gypsum-based surface material described in Patent document 3 is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, wherein the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcement materials to exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N, and the resistant surface material has a strength of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density is within the range of. The gypsum surface material of patent document 3 can make the endurance wall have a higher wall ratio even when the board thickness is less than 12mm. Compared with existing gypsum endurance surface materials such as structural gypsum boards, this gypsum surface material is an endurance surface material (hereinafter referred to as "low-density gypsum endurance surface material") developed to achieve lightweight surface materials by reducing surface density while suppressing the reduction of yield resistance through higher nail side resistance. According to this low-density gypsum endurance surface material, since the ultimate displacement of the endurance wall can be increased and the plasticity rate of the endurance wall can be increased, the wall ratio of the endurance wall can be increased. From the viewpoint of simultaneously achieving the ideal endurance as a wooden structure endurance wall and its lightness and construction performance, a gypsum endurance surface material that is extremely advantageous in terms of practicality can be provided.

[0008] In addition, in this specification, the term "gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material" not only means the (ordinary) gypsum board, reinforced gypsum board and structural gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 ("gypsum board products"), but also includes gypsum-based strength-resistant surface materials such as the above-mentioned low-density gypsum-based strength-resistant surface materials (Patent Document 3) and the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface materials described in the gazette of Japanese Patent No. 6412431 (Patent Document 4), which are gypsum-based surface materials formed by covering the outside or outer layer of a gypsum core part (core material part) with gypsum as the main material with paper components such as gypsum board base paper.

[0009] <Prior Art Literature>

[0010] <Patent Documents>

[0011] Patent Document 1: International Publication WO2019 / 203148A1

[0012] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 5642948

[0013] Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent No. 7012405

[0014] Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 6412431

[0015] <Non-patent literature>

[0016] Non-patent document 1: Design of allowable stress for wooden frame houses [1] (2017 edition), pages 63 and 300 Summary of the invention

[0017] <Problems to be Solved by the Invention>

[0018] The inventors of the present invention have repeatedly conducted the above-mentioned performance test on the endurance wall using the low-density gypsum endurance surface material proposed in Patent Document 3 in order to further increase the wall ratio. As a result, they found that the wall ratio can be further increased by preventing the punching breakage and edge fracture caused by the punching shear phenomenon. The breakage or fracture of the nailing part due to the punching breakage, etc., can be prevented by arranging a reinforcing material or reinforcing member such as a metal plate at the nailing part according to the surface material reinforcement method described in Patent Document 1.

[0019] However, as mentioned above, if a step of additionally installing a reinforcing material or a reinforcing material on the surface of a strength-bearing surface material is added to the surface material manufacturing process, or if such a step is additionally implemented during the construction of a wooden structure strength-bearing wall, it is foreseeable that the manufacturing process of the gypsum surface material will be complicated or the workability of the construction project will deteriorate.

[0020] The present invention was developed in view of such situations, and its purpose is to provide a wooden structure endurance wall and its construction method which can suppress shearing or reduce the effect of punching damage without additionally installing reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates in a low-density gypsum endurance surface material with increased nail side resistance and reduced surface density, thereby suppressing damage or breakage of the nailed part or reducing its effect to further increase the wall ratio, thereby providing a wooden structure endurance wall and its construction method, a method for increasing the wall ratio of the wooden structure endurance wall, and a gypsum endurance surface material.

[0021] <Methods used to solve the problem>

[0022] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wood structure endurance wall having a structure in which a gypsum endurance surface material is fixed on a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method by a fixing component, characterized in that:

[0023] The endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body.

[0024] The surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material used to determine the mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface is 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 While the surface density or surface weight is within the range of 500N or more, the nail side resistance is at least 6.5N / mm 2 Above the compressive strength,

[0025] The fixing member is formed of a metal nail having a head and a body, and an area ratio of an area of ​​the head to a cross-sectional area of ​​the body is set to a value within a range of 6 to 13.

[0026] The ultimate displacement of the endurance wall measured by an in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body having a wall length of 1.82 m is greater than 20×10- 3 The limit displacement of the value of rad (δu).

[0027] The present invention also provides a construction method for a wood structure endurance wall, which is used to fix a gypsum endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method, and is characterized in that:

[0028] The gypsum-based endurance surface material is fixed to the wooden structure wall base using a fixing component, wherein the gypsum-based endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed by a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body, and the gypsum-based endurance surface material has a surface density or surface weight of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m as a mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface. 2 While maintaining a surface density or surface weight within the range of 500N or more, the nail side resistance is ensured to be at least 6.5N / mm 2 The above compression strength is achieved by using a metal nail as the fixing member, in which the area ratio of the head area to the cross-sectional area of ​​the body is set to a value within the range of 6 to 13.

[0029] The ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by an in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body having a wall length of 1.82 m was greater than 20×10- 3 The limit variation of the rad value.

[0030] Preferably, the nail has a head diameter in the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm and a body diameter in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm. More preferably, the nail has a head diameter in the range of 6.8 to 9.0 mm and a body diameter in the range of 2.2 to 4.2 mm, and the area ratio of the head area / the cross-sectional area of ​​the body (hereinafter referred to as the "area ratio of the head area / the cross-sectional area of ​​the body") is set to a value in the range of 7 to 11. Preferably, the body of the nail is a straight flat body with a uniform circular cross-section and has a spire-shaped front end, the head of the nail is a flat-headed flat or flat-headed mesh-shaped head with a circular profile when viewed from above, and the nail has an annular and flat seating surface that is seated on the outside of the endurance surface material by nailing, and a flat top surface that is constructed in a manner that it will be substantially located in the same plane as the wall surface formed by the outside of the endurance surface material after nailing.

[0031] Preferably, the gypsum-based endurance surface material is mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcement materials in the main material or core material to ensure the minimum physical properties of the gypsum-based endurance surface material (nail side resistance: 500N or more). On the other hand, the surface density of the surface material will be reduced and set to a relatively low value (6.5-8.9kg / m 2 ). For example, the mixing amount of inorganic fibers is 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum. As mixed inorganic fibers, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc. can be cited. When glass fibers are used, glass fibers with a diameter of 5 to 25 μm and a length of 2 to 25 mm can be preferably used. In addition, the mixing amount of organic strength reinforcing materials is 0.3 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 13 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum. As organic strength reinforcing materials, for example, starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, etc. can be preferably used. As starch, any of unprocessed starch and processed starch can be used. As processed starch, starch that has been physically treated, chemically treated or enzyme-treated can be cited. As physically treated starch, alpha starch can be preferably used. As chemically treated starch, oxidized starch, phosphate starch, urea phosphate starch, hydroxypropyl phosphate cross-linked starch, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, cationic starch and acetylated starch can be preferably used.

[0032] In addition, in the following description of the specification, "the minimum physical property of the gypsum-based resistance surface material" refers to the nail side resistance of 500N or more. In addition, as factors that can cause changes in the compressive strength of the gypsum-based resistance surface material, the mixing state of the gypsum slurry (mud) (mixing time, mixing temperature, etc.), the type and amount of impurities contained in the gypsum raw material, the cross-sectional properties, density and uniformity of the gypsum core, the amount, size and dispersion state of the bubbles contained in the gypsum core, the moisture content or moisture content of the gypsum core, the specific gravity of the gypsum core, etc. are known. These factors can be used as control factors to increase or decrease the compressive strength. They are not only control factors closely related to the manufacturing conditions (type of gypsum raw material, type and amount of additives such as foaming agent, water temperature of mixing water, air temperature and humidity, etc.), but also related to the overall quality of the gypsum core. However, they are not specifically used to achieve a lower surface density (6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 The gypsum-based endurance surface material has the desired compressive strength (6.5N / mm 2 On the other hand, the organic strength reinforcing material can be used specifically for this purpose, and only needs to be additionally included in the gypsum slurry during the manufacturing process, providing a practical and effective means to increase the compressive strength of the gypsum core.

[0033] The surface density of the gypsum-based resistance surface material of the present invention is 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 ) is much denser than existing gypsum-based endurance surface materials such as structural gypsum boards (about 9.4 kg / m 2 ) is a relatively small value for the surface density. According to this surface density, the specific gravity and / or the plate thickness of the gypsum-based endurance surface material can be reduced, thereby reducing the deadweight of the endurance wall or reducing the wall thickness. On the other hand, the surface density reduction performed in this way is a condition opposite to the existing method of increasing the wall ratio by increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio of the endurance wall (i.e., the existing method of increasing the wall ratio by increasing the specific gravity and / or the plate thickness to increase the maximum resistance (Pmax), thereby increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0)). However, as described in Patent Document 3, if the surface density is reduced while ensuring the minimum physical properties of the gypsum-based endurance surface material (nail side resistance: 500N or more), the toughness and deformation followability that the gypsum-based endurance surface material potentially possesses will surface in the plastic domain, and the ultimate displacement (δu) and plasticity (μ) of the endurance wall will increase. As a result, the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') of the endurance wall will increase, thereby increasing the short-term baseline shear endurance (P0) and wall multiplier, but there is no need to necessarily increase the maximum endurance (Pmax).

[0034] Furthermore, the inventors have discovered through many experiments that the initial stiffness (K) of the resistance wall increases with the increase in the compressive strength of the gypsum resistance surface material. Based on this discovery and repeated intensive research, they have discovered that by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum resistance surface material to 6.5 N / mm 2 By increasing the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall, the yield point displacement (δv) can be reduced without significantly reducing the ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall, and as a result, the plasticity rate (μ) can be significantly increased.

[0035] That is, according to the present invention, by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based resistance surface material to 6.5 N / mm 2 The initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall is increased to 2.0 kN / 10- 3 rad, the yield point displacement (δv) can be reduced to, for example, 7.2×10- 3 rad or less, and thus, in combination with a high limit displacement (δu) value, the value of the plasticity rate (μ) can be greatly increased, and as a result, a value of 7.7 kN or more can be relatively easily ensured as the limit proof strength correction value (Pu'), for example.

[0036] In addition, in the resistance wall using the low-density gypsum resistance surface material in Patent Document 3, the initial stiffness (K) is less than 2.0 kN / 10- 3 rad value (for example, 1.9 kN / 10- 3 rad). In addition, the structural gypsum board is developed to suppress the tearing and damage of the gypsum endurance surface material caused by the relative position change between the gypsum endurance surface material and the fixing component when vibration is applied, and the endurance factor of the nail side resistance is focused on, and the gypsum endurance surface material that can increase the nail side resistance as desired is developed. The low-density gypsum endurance surface material of the patent document 3 is intended to reduce the surface density while ensuring the desired nail side resistance, so as to surface the toughness and deformation tracking property of the gypsum endurance surface material in the plastic domain, so as to increase the plasticity rate (μ) and the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu'). The compressive strength of the gypsum endurance surface material and the initial stiffness generated in the elastic domain are not paid attention to or considered as endurance improvement factors, and the structural relationship between the initial stiffness of the endurance wall and the compressive strength of the gypsum endurance surface material is not discussed or studied.

[0037] On the other hand, according to the experiments of the inventors, the compression strength can be increased as desired with the increase of the surface density, but when the surface density increases, not only the deadweight of the surface material increases, but also there is a tendency for the limit displacement to decrease. Therefore, it is preferred to mainly utilize the compression strength increasing effect of organic strength reinforcing materials, etc., to increase the compression strength to an appropriate value. That is, in the present invention, the compression strength is mainly set as desired by setting an appropriate surface density and the effect of increasing the compression strength obtained by mixing organic strength reinforcing materials, etc.

[0038] Preferably, the yield point displacement (δv) of the bearing wall measured by the in-plane shear test is ensured to be 7.2×10- 3 rad or less, or, in order to ensure 2.2 kN / 10- 3 rad and ensure 7.2×10- 3 For values ​​below rad, maintain 7.5N / mm 2 For example, in the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface material of the present invention, assuming that the yield point displacement (δv) = 6.0×10- 3 rad, initial stiffness (K) = 2.5kN / 10- 3 rad, ultimate endurance Pu = 15.0 kN, ultimate displacement (δu) = 30 × 10- 3 rad, plasticity (μ) = 5.0, and coefficient of variation β = 1.0, the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') is 9.0 kN. In contrast, assuming that the initial stiffness (K) is set to 1.9 kN / 10- 3 rad(<2.0kN / 10- 3 rad), even if the ultimate endurance Pu = 15.0, the ultimate displacement (δu) = 30×10- 3 rad, when the deviation coefficient β = 1.0, the yield point displacement (δv) = 7.8 × 10- 3 rad, plasticity (μ) = 3.8, the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') is only about 7.7 kN. That is, by increasing the compression strength of the endurance surface material to increase the initial stiffness (K), the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') will increase significantly, thereby enabling the short-term reference shear endurance (P0) and wall ratio to increase significantly.

[0039] In the present invention, the compressive strength is preferably set to 7.5 to 13.0 N / mm 2 The value is preferably set to 8.0 N / mm 2 In the present invention, the initial stiffness is preferably set to 2.2 kN / 10-3 rad~4.0kN / 10- 3 rad, more preferably set to 2.4 kN / 10- 3 rad or more. In addition, according to the present invention, the yield point displacement (δv) is preferably set to 3.5×10- 3 rad~7.2×10- 3 rad, more preferably 6.5×10- 3 Values ​​below rad.

[0040] According to the resistance wall of the gypsum resistance surface material of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plasticity rate (μ) measured by the in-plane shear test can obtain a value of 4.2 or more and 10.0 or less, preferably a value of 4.3 or more, and the yield strength (Py) measured by the in-plane shear test can obtain a value of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the ultimate strength (corrected value) (Pu'), preferably a value of 8.0 kN or more. In addition, according to the experiments of the inventors, it was found that the yield strength (Py) tends to increase with the increase of the initial stiffness (K), and therefore, similar to the low-density gypsum resistance surface material (Patent Document 3), it was confirmed that the yield strength (Py) is generally greater than the ultimate strength (corrected value) (Pu').

[0041] Therefore, the gypsum resistance surface material of the present invention, while ensuring the minimum physical properties as a gypsum resistance surface material, not only improves the toughness and deformation follow-up of the gypsum resistance surface material in the plastic domain and increases the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') by reducing the surface density, but also can further increase the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') by increasing the initial stiffness (K) and reducing the yield point displacement (δv). Therefore, there is no need to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates, nor to increase the surface density of the gypsum resistance surface material, and the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and wall multiplier of the wooden structure resistance wall can be greatly increased. In addition, according to the present invention, as a fixing component for fixing such gypsum-based endurance surface material to the base material of the wooden structure wall, a metal nail whose head area / body cross-sectional area ratio is set to a value in the range of 6 to 13 is used. Thus, without the need to additionally install or configure reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates, it is possible to effectively suppress punching damage or reduce its effect. Therefore, combined with the above-mentioned effect of the gypsum-based endurance surface material, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and wall ratio of the wooden structure endurance wall can be more effectively or efficiently increased. Moreover, the endurance surface material is the same as the structural gypsum board and the low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material (patent document 3), and at least the front and back sides of the main material or core material are covered with paper components, so it can be easily manufactured using an existing gypsum board production line. The gypsum-based endurance surface material of the present invention preferably has a laminated structure in which the front and back sides of the core material are covered with gypsum board base paper. In addition, the "surface" refers to the surface and back of the surface material excluding the end faces or side faces of the end edges and side edges (that is, the peripheral outer edges) of the surface material.

[0042] Preferably, the thickness of the gypsum-based endurance surface material is set to a value of 7.5 mm or more and less than 12 mm (more preferably a value of 8.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less), for example, 9.5 mm or 9.0 mm. Compared with structural gypsum boards that require a thickness of 12 mm or more, gypsum-based endurance surface materials with such a thickness are advantageous in reducing the wall thickness of wooden structure endurance walls. As required, the gypsum hardened body has a nail side resistance of 980 N or less.

[0043] It is preferred that the gypsum-based endurance surface material causes the endurance wall to generate a 24×10- 3 rad or more (preferably 26×10- 3rad or more). The value of the ultimate displacement (δu) set to a higher value will combine with the increase in the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall and the decrease in the yield point displacement (δv), which will greatly increase the value of the plasticity rate (μ), and is therefore extremely beneficial in increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio. In addition, the ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall is an indicator of the toughness and deformation tracking ability of the endurance wall in the plastic domain. According to the "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Ratio Performance Test and Evaluation Business Methodology", in the in-plane shear test, if the load no longer decreases after exceeding 1 / 15rad and the ultimate displacement value cannot be obtained, the ultimate displacement (δu) is set to 1 / 15rad. Therefore, the maximum value of the ultimate displacement (δu) is 1 / 15rad (66.7×10- 3 rad).

[0044] The specific gravity of the gypsum-based endurance surface material is preferably set within the range of 0.65 to 0.96, preferably within the range of 0.7 to 0.9 (more preferably within the range of 0.7 to 0.8). The gypsum-based endurance surface material with such a specific gravity, for example, has a specific gravity of 1.0 or more, although the plate thickness is less than 12 mm, and therefore, compared with the implementation product of the gypsum-based surface material of Patent Document 4 with a larger dead weight (for example, "EX Board" (trade name) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.), the surface material can be lightweight, and therefore, it is advantageous in achieving lightweighting of wooden structure endurance walls, or improving the constructability of wooden structure endurance walls or the workability of their construction operations.

[0045] In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core material (gypsum core part) of the gypsum-based strength surface material mainly contains an organic polysiloxane compound as a strength degradation inhibitor for preventing strength degradation. According to such a strength surface material, similar to the gypsum-based strength surface material described in Patent Document 4, the strength surface material that can be constructed on the outdoor wall surface of a wooden exterior wall can be provided.

[0046] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall by fixing a gypsum endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method using a fixing member, characterized in that:

[0047] The said resistance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material composed of a plate-like gypsum hardened body, and a paper member covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material.

[0048] The surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material, which is determined as the mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface, is reduced to 6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 At the same time, in order to make the endurance surface material exert more than 500N nail side resistance and 6.5N / mm 2The above compressive strength is set by mixing the gypsum hardened body of the main material or the core material,

[0049] As the fixing member, a metal nail is used with the area ratio of the head area / the cross-sectional area of ​​the body part set to a value within the range of 6 to 13, so as to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the punching damage.

[0050] The ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body having a wall length of 1.82 m was greater than 20×10- 3 The extreme displacement of rad value.

[0051] According to this wall ratio increasing method, the surface density of the gypsum-based endurance surface material is reduced by reducing the specific gravity and / or the plate thickness, thereby reducing the deadweight of the endurance wall or reducing the wall thickness. Moreover, according to this wall ratio increasing method, as described above, not only the toughness and deformation follow-up of the gypsum-based surface material (in the plastic domain) are improved due to the low density of the gypsum-based surface material, and the value of the ultimate displacement (δu) is increased, but also the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall is increased due to the increase in the compressive strength of the gypsum-based surface material, thereby reducing the value of the yield point displacement (δv). As a result, due to the synergistic effect of the smaller value of the yield point displacement (δv) and the larger value of the ultimate displacement (δu), the value of the plasticity rate (μ=δu / δv) increases greatly, so that as the ultimate endurance (corrected value) (Pu') of the wood structure endurance wall, it is relatively easy to ensure a value of more than 7.7 kN.

[0052] The present invention also provides a gypsum-based endurance surface material for a wood structure endurance wall used in the construction method or in the method for increasing the wall ratio, which is fixed to a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method by the fixing member, characterized in that:

[0053] The nail side resistance is more than 500N and maintained at least 6.5N / mm 2 The compressive strength is 6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density or surface weight is within the range of

[0054] In cooperation with the fixing member, the ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test of the endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82 m is increased to more than 20×10- 3 The value of rad.

[0055] [Effects of the Invention]

[0056] According to the gypsum endurance surface material of the present invention, the toughness and deformation follow-up of the endurance wall are improved by using a low-density gypsum endurance surface material with reduced surface density. In the endurance wall in which the endurance surface material is fixed on the base of the wooden structure wall by a fixing component, its initial stiffness (K) can be increased and the yield point displacement (δv) can be reduced, thereby increasing the plasticity rate (μ=δu / δv), increasing the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio. The gypsum endurance surface material of the present invention can be used as an endurance surface material that can effectively further increase the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio, especially in the endurance wall where it is difficult to easily increase the value of the limit displacement (δu) and the endurance wall that has already exerted the limit displacement (δu) close to its upper limit, and will not cause the increase of the wall thickness and the increase of the wall's own weight. Moreover, the gypsum endurance surface material of the present invention can be easily manufactured using the existing gypsum board production line because at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material are covered with paper components.

[0057] According to the wooden structure endurance wall and its construction method of the present invention having such gypsum endurance surface material, further, a method for increasing the wall multiplier of the wooden structure endurance wall constructed by fixing such gypsum endurance surface material on the wooden structure wall base of the wooden truss construction method or the wooden structure frame wall construction method using fixing components, by using metal nails with specific sizes and shapes (head diameter D, body diameter d and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η) as fixing components, the punching damage of the gypsum endurance surface material can be effectively suppressed or its effect can be reduced, thereby greatly improving the short-term allowable shear force (Pa) and wall multiplier. That is, according to the wooden structure endurance wall and its construction method, as well as in the method for increasing the wall ratio of the wooden structure endurance wall of the present invention, there is no need to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials such as metal plates, and the surface density (specific gravity and / or plate thickness) of the gypsum surface material will not increase (therefore, the self-weight and / or wall thickness of the endurance wall will not increase), and the value of the limit displacement (δu) will not be further increased, which can further increase the short-term reference shear force (P0) and wall ratio of the endurance wall.

[0058] In addition, according to the endurance wall structure of the wooden structure building or its construction method, or the endurance wall construction method of the present invention, by using such a gypsum endurance surface material as the endurance surface material in the wooden structure endurance wall, the surface density of the gypsum endurance surface material can be reduced without reducing the short-term reference shear force (P0) and the wall ratio (or while effectively increasing), thereby reducing the self-weight of the endurance wall or reducing the wall thickness, or improving the construction performance of the endurance wall.

[0059] In addition, according to the bearing wall structure of the wooden structure building or its construction method, as well as the wall ratio increasing method of the present invention, the initial stiffness (K) can be increased and the yield point displacement (δv) can be reduced, thereby increasing the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (Pu'), increasing the short-term reference shear force (P0) and the wall ratio. Therefore, the wall ratio can be increased without relying on the reinforcement or reinforcement of reinforcing materials such as metal plates additionally installed on the gypsum surface materials, without relying on the increase in the specific gravity and / or plate thickness of the gypsum surface materials, and without relying too much on the increase in the value of the ultimate displacement (δu). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 This is a front view schematically showing an embodiment of a bearing wall of a wooden structure building according to the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view and a partial cutaway oblique view of a bearing wall showing a partial enlargement of a portion where a gypsum bearing surface material is fixed to a wooden support frame using nails.

[0062] Figure 3 It means in Figure 1 The front view, cross-sectional view and side view of the structure of a resistance wall test body used in the in-plane shear test of the resistance wall structure shown.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a line graph that uses the envelope of the load-deformation angle curve obtained through an in-plane shear test of an arbitrary wooden structure resistance wall (represented by a solid line) as a reference, and is a line graph that converts the envelope of the load-deformation angle curve into a load-deformation angle characteristic of a completely elastic-plastic mode using a single-point dashed line.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a chart comparing the head diameter, body diameter, and head area / body cross-sectional area of ​​nails constituting the endurance wall of an embodiment of the present invention and two types of nails conventionally used to fix gypsum endurance surface materials to axles or frames of wooden structures.

[0065] Figure 6 It's about using Figure 5 The graphs and line charts showing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the wood structure resistance wall using two conventional nails (Comparative Examples 1 and 2) are compared.

[0066] Figure 7 About Figure 5 The wooden structure endurance wall using conventional nails (Comparative Example 3) and Figure 5 The graphs and line charts showing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the wood structure endurance wall using nails of the present embodiment are shown.

[0067] Figure 8 The graphs show the physical properties, composition and endurance test results of the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material constituting the present invention as Reference Examples 1 to 4, and the physical properties, composition and endurance test results of the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material of Comparative Example 4.

[0068] Fig. 9 This is a graph showing the test results of the in-plane shear test of the strength wall structure for Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 as load-deformation angle characteristics in a completely elastic-plastic mode.

[0069] Fig.10 This is a partial front view of a compression strength testing device conceptually showing a compression strength measuring method for measuring the compression strength of a gypsum-based strength-bearing surface material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] Hereinafter, the structure of a wood structure endurance wall according to a preferred embodiment d of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] [About the overall structure of the wood structure endurance wall]

[0072] Figure 1 This is a front view schematically showing the structure of a bearing wall of a wooden structure building according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 (A) and (B) are about Figure 1 The endurance wall shown is a partial cross-sectional view and a partial cutaway oblique view of the endurance wall showing a partially enlarged portion of the endurance wall in which a gypsum-based endurance surface material is fixed to a wooden axis frame by nails.

[0073] Figure 1 The wooden structure resistance wall 1 shown is a wooden structure resistance wall of the wooden axis frame method, which is formed by fixing the gypsum resistance surface material 10 on the wooden axis frame on the continuous foundation F of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure. The dimensions of the resistance surface material 10 are 9.5 mm in thickness, 910 mm in width, and about 2800 to 3030 mm in height (for example, about 2900 mm), and have a load capacity of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density is within the range of (for example, the surface density is 7.5kg / m 2 ). Surface density (also called surface weight) is the mass (weight) of the wall per unit area (front area) when the wall is viewed from the front. Figure 2 As shown, the endurance surface material 10 is a gypsum-based endurance surface material composed of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) 11 mixed with a specified amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and a gypsum board base paper (paper component) 12 covering both sides of the gypsum core.

[0074] The endurance wall 1 has a base 2 fixed to the upper surface of the continuous foundation F by anchor bolts B. The endurance wall 1 is basically composed of the base 2, columns 3, staves 4 and connecting staves 4' vertically arranged at predetermined intervals on the base 2, horizontal cross members (beams, cross beams, eaves beams, lateral beams) 5 supported by the upper ends (or middle parts) of the columns 3, and the endurance surface material 10. The base 2, columns 3, staves 4, connecting staves 4' and cross members 5 constituting the axis frame are wood (square timber) of the section of the components used in ordinary wooden buildings.

[0075] The strength surface material 10 is fixed to the base 2, the column 3, the spacer 4, the connecting spacer 4' and the cross member 5 by nails 20 made of iron or stainless steel (iron in this example). The nails 20 are arranged in the peripheral band around the strength surface material 10 with a spacing S1 between them, and are arranged in the central band of the strength surface material 10 extending in the vertical direction with a spacing S2 between them. Preferably, the spacing S1 is set to a size within the range of 50 mm to 200 mm (for example, 75 mm), and the spacing S2 is set to a size within the range of 50 mm to 300 mm (for example, 150 mm).

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, the nail 20 is an iron nail composed of a head 21, a body 22, a neck 23 and a front end 24. The head 21 is a flat or mesh-shaped portion with a circular profile when viewed from above, the body 22 is a straight flat portion with a uniform circular cross section, the neck 23 is located at the base end of the body 22 and integrally connects the body 22 and the head 21, and the front end 24 is a spire-shaped portion located at the front end of the body 22. The lower surface of the head 21 constitutes an annular seating surface 21b that seats on the outer surface of the endurance surface material 10. The outer peripheral portion of the neck 23 is slightly expanded locally to form a cone or a conical shape, and is continuous with the head 21. Therefore, the radial dimension of the seating surface 21b is not necessarily consistent with the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22, and is a value slightly smaller than the diameter difference, but is roughly the same as the diameter difference.

[0077] In general, in addition to the material and shape of the head 21 and the body 22, the nail 20 is also determined by the diameter of the head 21 (head diameter D), the diameter of the body 22 (body diameter d), and the total length (length L) of the nail 20. In the present embodiment, the head diameter D, the body diameter d, and the length L are 7.07 mm, 2.45 mm, and about 50 mm, respectively, and the ratio η of the front area of ​​the top surface 21a of the head 21 to the area of ​​the cross-section of the body 22 (i.e., head area / body cross-sectional area) is 8.32 (refer to Figure 5). In the present invention, the head diameter D is preferably set within the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm, more preferably within the range of 6.8 to 9.0 mm, and the body diameter d is preferably set within the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, more preferably within the range of 2.2 to 4.2 mm. In addition, the ratio η of the head area / body cross-sectional area is preferably set to a value within the range of 6 to 13, more preferably within the range of 7 to 11.

[0078] The gypsum core 11 of the endurance surface material 10 contains a specified amount of inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials, and has a nail side resistance of more than 500N. For every 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum, the mixing amount of inorganic fibers is 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight. As mixed inorganic fibers, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc. can be cited. When glass fibers are used, glass fibers with a diameter of 5 to 25 μm and a length of 2 to 25 mm can be appropriately used. In addition, for every 100 parts by weight of calcined gypsum, the mixing amount of organic strength reinforcing materials is 0.3 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 13 parts by weight. As mixed organic strength reinforcing materials, for example, starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, etc. can be cited. Here, as starch, any of unprocessed starch and processed starch can be used. As processed starch, starch that has been physically treated, chemically treated or enzyme-treated can be cited. As physically treated starch, alpha starch can be appropriately used. As chemically treated starch, oxidized starch, phosphated starch, urea phosphated starch, hydroxypropyl phosphate cross-linked starch, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxypropyl starch, cationic starch, acetylated starch can be used appropriately. Mixed organic strength reinforcement is to ensure a low surface density (6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density within the range of ) is made to make the endurance surface material 10 have the desired compressive strength (6.5N / mm 2 It is an effective means to improve the compression strength of the endurance surface material 10 by the synergistic effect with the inorganic fiber to make the endurance surface material 10 have the desired nail side resistance (nail side resistance of 500N or more). In addition, considering that the mixed organic strength reinforcement material has no great influence on the overall quality of the gypsum endurance surface material, in order to improve the nail side resistance of the endurance surface material 10, it is also a simple, realistic or practical effective means.

[0079] The composition and structure of the strength surface material 10 are similar to those of the "structural gypsum board" specified in JIS A 6901. However, the surface density of the strength surface material 10 is 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 Values ​​within the range (e.g. 7.5 kg / m 2 ). Therefore, as mentioned above, the endurance surface material 10 is required to have a strength of 9.4 kg / m 2The surface density of the above JIS A 6901 "structural gypsum board" is basically different. In addition, the known "reinforced gypsum board" specified in JIS A 6901 also requires 9.4 kg / m 2 The surface density is above 100N, so the endurance surface material 10 is basically different from the "reinforced gypsum board". In addition, the endurance surface material 10 is different from other "gypsum boards" in that, in order to exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N, it has a main material or core material (gypsum core 11) mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcement materials. That is, the endurance surface material 10 does not meet any definition of "gypsum board" specified in the current JIS A 6901. In this specification, based on the above meaning, the endurance surface material 10 is determined or expressed as a "gypsum endurance surface material".

[0080] Generally speaking, a general-purpose gypsum board manufacturing device is used to manufacture gypsum-based endurance surface materials (including "gypsum board", "reinforced gypsum board" and "structural gypsum board") formed by covering the front and back sides of a plate-shaped main material or core material formed by a hardened gypsum body with a paper component. The gypsum board manufacturing device, such as that described in the International Publication WO2019 / 058936, has a mixer for mixing raw materials such as calcined gypsum, an adhesive auxiliary agent, a hardening accelerator, foam (or foaming agent), and the mixed water required for the slurry of calcined gypsum to prepare gypsum slurry. The gypsum slurry is poured onto the gypsum board base paper (bottom paper) on the conveyor belt of the gypsum board manufacturing device and spread, and then the gypsum board base paper (top paper) is stacked on the gypsum slurry. The continuous laminate of the three-layer strip structure thus formed is processed by various devices such as a rough cutting device, a forced drying device, and a cutting device constituting a gypsum board manufacturing device to form a gypsum product of a specified size, that is, a gypsum surface material in which both sides of the hardened body of the gypsum slurry (i.e., the gypsum core) are covered with gypsum board base paper. The specific gravity of the gypsum surface material is mainly adjusted by the mixing amount of the foam in the gypsum slurry.

[0081] Regarding wooden structure resistance walls that use structural gypsum board, reinforced gypsum board and (ordinary) gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 as resistance surface materials, the wall multiplier of the surface material resistance wall of the large wall structure with a wooden axial frame structure specified in the Ministry of Construction Announcement No. 1100 is as follows.

[0082] Structural gypsum board (type A) 1.7

[0083] Structural gypsum board (type B) 1.2

[0084] Strengthen gypsum board 0.9

[0085] (Ordinary) gypsum board 0.9

[0086] In addition, the wall ratio of the frame wall construction method endurance wall stipulated in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Announcement No. 1541 (endurance wall in which the distance between vertical frames exceeds 50 cm) is shown as follows.

[0087] Structural gypsum board (type A) 1.7

[0088] Structural gypsum board (type B) 1.5

[0089] Strengthened gypsum board 1.3

[0090] (Ordinary) gypsum board 1.0

[0091] As mentioned above, the values ​​of the wall ratios specified in the announcements of the Ministry of Construction or the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism are values ​​that can be adopted without conducting individual performance tests. However, the structural gypsum boards, reinforced gypsum boards and (ordinary) gypsum boards recognized as effective as endurance surface materials are limited to gypsum boards with a board thickness of 12 mm or more. Therefore, if it is desired to use a surface material composed of a new material or a gypsum surface material with a board thickness of less than 12 mm as an endurance surface material, or if a wall ratio different from the value exemplified above is used, it is necessary to conduct the above-mentioned performance test to determine the value of the wall ratio.

[0092] As mentioned above, the structural gypsum board and reinforced gypsum board specified in JIS A 6901 require a surface density of 9.4 kg / m 2 The surface density and specific gravity of the board are considered to be above 9.4kg / m and above and the specific gravity is considered to be above 0.75. This is considered to be an important condition for increasing the maximum load that the surface material can bear and ensuring that the wood structure resistance wall has a high short-term allowable shear resistance (i.e., high wall ratio). In particular, in the structural gypsum board, which is required to exert a higher nail side resistance than the reinforced gypsum board, such surface density and specific gravity are considered to be impossible to reduce. That is, to ensure a surface density of 9.4kg / m 2The above physical properties with a specific gravity of 0.75 or more are considered to be necessary conditions for further increasing the wall ratio of the endurance wall test body (wooden structure endurance wall) obtained in the in-plane shear test. However, experiments by the inventors and others in recent years have confirmed that in gypsum surface materials that achieve physical properties (nail side resistance) comparable to those of structural gypsum boards by adding inorganic fibers or organic strength reinforcements, if the specific gravity of the gypsum core is reduced by reducing the board thickness of the surface material or adjusting the amount of foam, thereby reducing the surface density, the toughness or deformation tracking properties that the surface material itself potentially possesses will surface, and as a result, the ultimate endurance of the endurance wall can be effectively utilized and the plasticity rate of the endurance wall can be increased, thereby further improving the short-term allowable shear endurance of the endurance wall. Although this point has been described in detail in Patent Document 3, the following will provide an overview of the in-plane shear test of a wooden structure endurance wall. At the same time, the increase in the plasticity rate of the endurance wall caused by the increase in the ultimate endurance of the endurance wall, and the resulting increase in the short-term allowable shear endurance and wall ratio of the endurance wall will be explained as general matters for reference.

[0093] [Test specimen for in-plane shear test of wood structure endurance wall]

[0094] Figure 3 It means that Figure 1 The front view, cross-sectional view and side view of the structure of a resistance wall test body used in the relevant in-plane shear test of the resistance wall structure shown.

[0095] exist Figure 3 In, with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structural elements or structural components shown are equivalent to or correspond to the structural elements or structural components of the endurance wall test body and are given the same reference symbols.

[0096] The present inventors and others used the test body specifications described in the "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Ratio Performance Test and Evaluation Business Method Book" as the Figure 1 The test body of the endurance wall structure shown in the figure was made with Figure 3 The in-plane shear test was carried out on a strength wall test body (hereinafter referred to as "test body") of the strength wall structure shown, which had a wall width of 1820 mm and a height of 2730 mm, using a no-load test apparatus.

[0097] Figure 3The test body shown has a main structural part of a wooden truss consisting of a base 2 and columns 3 made of cedar wood with a cross section of 105×105 mm, and a cross member 5 made of Douglas fir wood with a cross section of 180×105 mm supported by the columns 3. In the center between the columns 3, a connecting column 4' made of cedar wood with a cross section of 45×105 mm is erected, and between the columns 3 and the connecting column 4', a cedar wood column 4 with a cross section of 27×105 mm is erected. A body connector 5' made of cedar wood or Douglas fir wood is installed between the columns 3 and the column 4, and between the column 4 and the connecting column 4'. As a test jig, a fastening metal part 40 is provided at the joint of the base 2 and the column 3, and at the joint of the cross member 5 and the column 3. The base 2, the column 3, the connecting column 4', the column 4, the cross member 5 and the body connecting member 5' constitute the axis material of the endurance wall structure, and these components (axis materials) form a rectangular axis frame.

[0098] exist Figure 3 In the test body shown, the vertical separation distance h1 between the base 2 and the cross member 5, the height h2 of the body connector 5', and the relative height h3 of the cross member 5 relative to the body connector 5' are set to h1 = 2625mm, h2 = 1790mm, and h3 = 835mm, respectively. The spacing (column core spacing) w1 between the column 3 and the connecting column 4' is set to w1 = 910mm, and the length L of the wall is set to 1.82m. The surface material 10 is divided into upper and lower parts by the body connector 5'. The surface material 10a on the lower side has a width of 910mm and a height of 1820mm, and the surface material 10b arranged on the upper side has a width of 910mm and a height of 865mm. The dimensions h4 and h5 of the overlapping parts of the surface materials 10a and 10b are set to 30mm.

[0099] exist Figure 3 In the test body shown, the nails 20 for fixing the face materials 10a, 10b to the base 2, the column 3, the connecting column 4', the cross member 5 and the body connecting member 5' are arranged at equal intervals (interval S1 = 75mm) around the edge band of the face materials 10a, 10b. The nails 20 for fixing the face materials 10a, 10b to the column 4 are arranged at equal intervals (interval S2 = 150mm) in the vertical center band of the face materials 10a, 10b.

[0100] [Explanation of the short-term allowable shear resistance and wall ratio of the wood structure resistance wall (premise of the present invention)]

[0101] Figure 4 These are graphs and line diagrams for reference, using the test results of in-plane shear tests using any gypsum-based resistance surface material. Figure 4 In FIG. 1 , the load-deformation angle curve that can be generally obtained by an in-plane shear test is shown as an envelope (shown as a solid line). Figure 4, the in-plane shear test of the wood structure resistance wall is explained, and the method for calculating the short-term allowable shear resistance and wall ratio of the wood structure resistance wall is explained.

[0102] exist Figure 4 In the figure, a line graph of the load-deformation angle characteristics obtained by converting the envelope of the load-deformation angle curve into a completely elastic-plastic mode is represented by a single-point dashed line. The completely elastic-plastic mode is composed of a linear function straight line (Y=KX) of the linear elastic domain representing the initial stiffness K, and a straight line (Y=Pu) of the plastic deformation domain (plastic domain) extending from the yield point σs parallel to the X-axis. The yield point σs represents the elastic limit. The initial stiffness K is the coefficient of the inclination of the linear function straight line (Y=KX) representing the elastic domain. The area on the line graph of the area surrounded by the envelope, the X-axis, and each line segment of X=δu is equal to the area on the line graph of the area surrounded by each line segment of the X-axis, Y=KX, Y=Pu, and X=δu. Here, the method of converting the envelope into the completely elastic-plastic mode is recorded in multiple documents such as the "Wooden Endurance Wall and Its Ratio Performance Test and Evaluation Business Method Book", which is a well-known matter in material mechanics, so detailed description is omitted.

[0103] Figure 4 The maximum endurance Pmax, 0.8Pmax load reduction domain, ultimate endurance Pu, yield endurance Py, ultimate displacement δu, yield point displacement δv and yield displacement δy are shown in it. The ultimate displacement δu and the yield point displacement δv are the values ​​of the deformation angle in the 0.8Pmax load reduction domain and the yield point σs, respectively. The yield displacement δy is the value of the deformation angle when the yield endurance Py appears. In addition, the plasticity μ is the value (ratio) of the ultimate displacement δu / yield point displacement δv. When the load (endurance) is reduced to 0.8Pmax after the maximum endurance Pmax appears, it is considered that the wall has substantially lost its endurance, and the in-plane shear test will essentially end in the 0.8Pmax load reduction domain.

[0104] As described in several technical documents such as "Allowable Stress Design for Timber-Frame Houses[1] (2017 Edition)" on pages 63 and 300 (Non-Patent Document 1), the wall ratio is calculated based on Figure 4 The short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) is calculated from the resistance Pmax, Pu, Py and displacement δu, δv, δy determined by the fully elastic-plastic mode shown, and then divided by the specified resistance (wall length L (m) × 1.96 (kN / m)). In other words, the wall ratio is the value of the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) divided by the reference value (1.96L) and indexed.

[0105] To further explain this point, when calculating the wall ratio, in principle, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) is taken as the resistance of the following four resistance values, and the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) is multiplied by the specified reduction coefficient (α) (a coefficient for evaluating the factors of resistance reduction). Generally speaking, in the case of gypsum resistance surface materials, the resistance of the following (1) or (2), that is, the yield resistance (Py) or the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') represents the minimum value. And, the value of the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) calculated from the following resistance values ​​(Py, Pu, Pmax) is the value of the following value multiplied by the deviation coefficient (β).

[0106] (1) Yield resistance (Py)

[0107] (2) The value of the ultimate proof strength (Pu) corrected by the plasticity ratio (μ) (hereinafter referred to as "the ultimate proof strength (corrected value) (Pu')").

[0108] (3) 2 / 3 of the maximum endurance (Pmax)

[0109] (4) Endurance when shear deformation angle = 1 / 120 rad (no load mode or load mode)

[0110] Generally speaking, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) of the resistance wall formed by fixing the structural gypsum board (Patent Document 2) on the base of the wooden structure wall by a fixing member is determined according to the yield resistance (Py) among the above four resistance values ​​(P0 = β × Py). As described above, the wall ratio is the value obtained by multiplying the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) by the reduction coefficient (α) and dividing it by the prescribed resistance (1.96L). Therefore, the wall ratio of the resistance wall formed by fixing the structural gypsum board on the base of the wooden structure wall by a fixing member is proportional to the yield resistance (Py).

[0111] On the other hand, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) of the gypsum surface material described in Patent Document 3, i.e., the resistance wall formed by fixing the low-density gypsum resistance surface material on the base of the wooden structure wall by fixing components, generally indicates the minimum value of the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') among the four resistance values. Therefore, the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio used to calculate the wall ratio are different from those of the structural gypsum board and are proportional to the ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu'). In the low-density gypsum resistance surface material, as an unexpected effect of its low density, the reduction in surface density will lead to the surface of the toughness and deformation tracking properties that the gypsum resistance surface material potentially possesses, thereby increasing the ultimate displacement (δu) of the resistance wall and obtaining a value greater than 20×10- 3The ultimate displacement (δu) of the rad value is obtained. As a result, the resistance wall formed by fixing the low-density gypsum resistance surface material of Patent Document 3 on the wooden structure wall base can exert an ultimate resistance (corrected value) (Pu') greater than 7.6 kN. Therefore, as described above, the low-density gypsum resistance surface material can exert the same resistance as the structural gypsum board even if the surface density is lower than that of the structural gypsum board.

[0112] The ultimate strength (corrected value) (Pu') is a value obtained by the following formula based on the ultimate strength (Pu) and the plasticity rate (μ), and the short-term reference shear strength (P0) is a value obtained by the following formula based on the ultimate strength (corrected value) (Pu') and the coefficient of deviation (β) of its measured value.

[0113] Pu'=Pu×0.2×(2μ-1)1 / 2

[0114] P0=β×Pu'

[0115] That is, in the gypsum-based endurance surface material of Patent Document 3 (i.e., low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material) in which the surface density is reduced to make the toughness or deformation followability that the surface material itself has potentially surfaced, the limit displacement (δu) of the endurance wall increases to more than 20×10- 3 rad, as a result, the plasticity μ (= δu / δv) increases and the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (Pu') also increases, thereby increasing the short-term permissible shearing capacity (Pa) and the wall ratio. The inventors of the present invention have conducted further research on the fixing structure of the face material and the plasticity μ in order to further increase the short-term permissible shearing capacity (Pa) and the wall ratio, and have found that by changing the size and shape of the nail 20, the initial rigidity can be increased and the plasticity μ can also be increased, thereby completing the present invention. This point will be explained below.

[0116] [About the size and shape of the nail 20]

[0117] In the conventional wood structure resistance wall formed by fixing the gypsum resistance surface material on the truss or frame of the wood structure, the gypsum resistance surface material is generally fixed on the truss or frame by NZ50 nails (coated round iron nails: JIS A 5508). The NZ50 nail has the dimensions of head diameter 6.6 mm, body diameter 2.75 mm and nail length 50 mm (JIS A 5508), and the ratio of head area / body cross-sectional area η is 5.76. In the in-plane shear test of the wood structure resistance wall test body formed by fixing the low-density gypsum resistance surface material on the truss or frame of the wood structure by such nails, as described in Patent Document 3, the limit displacement (δu) increases, and as a result, the limit resistance (corrected value) (Pu'), the short-term reference shear resistance (P0) and the wall ratio also increase. However, in the in-plane shear test, the nail holes are damaged due to repeated force applied to the test body, resulting in punching shear phenomenon. The punching damage of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface material that occurs will cause the test body's endurance to drop sharply to Pu=0.8Pmax, thereby confirming the characteristics or features of the end of the in-plane shear test. It is therefore believed that if the damage or breakage of the nailing part and the punching damage of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface material are not suppressed, it will be difficult to further increase the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and the wall ratio. In addition, as in the surface material strengthening method described in Patent Document 1, by configuring a reinforcing material or reinforcement material such as a metal plate at the nailing part, it may be possible to suppress or reduce the punching damage, but as mentioned above, the addition or configuration of such a reinforcing material or reinforcement material will become a factor that complicates the manufacturing process of the gypsum-based surface material and deteriorates the workability of the construction project.

[0118] Figure 5 The graph shows the head diameter D, body diameter d, length L, and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η as a comparison table for the nail 20 constituting the endurance wall of the embodiment of the present invention and the nails N1 and N2 constituting the endurance wall of the comparative example. The values ​​of the head diameter D, body diameter d, length L, and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η of the nail 20 are as described above. The nail N1 is an iron nail circulated in the market as an NZ50 nail (JIS A 5508). Figure 5 The values ​​shown (head diameter D = 6.62 mm, body diameter d = 2.83 mm, head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η = 5.48) are obtained by measuring the dimensions of each part of 10 random NZ50 nails obtained from the market and averaging the measured values. They are slightly different from the values ​​specified in JIS A 5508. Nail N2 is an iron nail circulated in the market as a CN50 nail (JIS A 5508). Figure 5The values ​​shown (head diameter D = 6.67 mm, body diameter d = 2.92 mm, head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η = 5.2) are also obtained by measuring the dimensions of various parts of 10 random CN50 nails obtained from the market and averaging the measured values, and are slightly different from the values ​​specified in JIS A 5508. Here, the length L of the nails 20, N1, and N2 is approximately 50 mm.

[0119] Figure 6 These are graphs and line charts comparing the test results of the in-plane shear test on the strength wall using the nail N1 (Comparative Example 1) and the strength wall using the nail N2 (Comparative Example 2). Figure 7 The present invention is about the endurance wall using nail 20 (embodiment of the present invention) and the endurance wall using nail N1 (comparative example 3), and the test results of the in-plane shear test are compared in the graph and line diagram. The gypsum endurance surface material 10 of the embodiment and comparative examples 1 to 3 are all the low-density gypsum endurance surface materials, which are composed of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) 11 mixed with a specified amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and a gypsum board base paper (paper component) 12 covering both sides of the gypsum core, and have a density of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 Surface density within the range of 6.5N / mm 2 The compression strength is more than 500N, and the nail side resistance is more than 500N.

[0120] Figure 6 The test results shown show that the inventors have confirmed that, in the case of gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials, thick nails (comparative example 2 having a body diameter d greater than that of comparative example 1) are not necessarily effective in suppressing punching damage (and therefore, are not necessarily beneficial in improving short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and wall ratio). Figure 7 The test results shown in the figure show that the inventors have confirmed that, in the case of gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials, by appropriately setting the head diameter D, body diameter d, and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η, the punching damage of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials can be suppressed or reduced, and the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) and wall ratio can be greatly improved. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Provide explanation.

[0121] It is generally believed that the head diameter D and body diameter d of nail N2 (Comparative Example 2) are larger than those of nail N1 (Comparative Example 1), and therefore, it is advantageous in suppressing or reducing punching damage, and has superior shear resistance compared to nail N1 (thin nail) with a relatively small body diameter d. However, in the case of low-density gypsum-based endurance surface materials with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, such as Figure 6As shown in the figure, nail N2 will reduce the short-term permissible shear resistance (Pa) (thus reducing the wall ratio). The reason is that in the in-plane shear test, the punching shear phenomenon occurs early, and the damage or breakage of the nailing part caused by the punching damage will cause the resistance (load) to drop to Pu = 0.8Pmax (limit displacement δuB < δuA) at an early stage, and the wall will essentially lose its resistance.

[0122] On the other hand, when comparing the endurance wall of the present embodiment using nails 20 with the endurance wall of Comparative Example 3 using nails N1, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the body diameter d of nail 20 is smaller than the body diameter d of nail N1 (Comparative Example 3), and it is generally believed that the shear resistance of nail 20 is not as good as that of nail N1. However, in the case of low-density gypsum-based endurance surface materials with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, such previous cognition or opinion may not be appropriate. Figure 7 As shown, compared with nail N1, nail 20 can increase the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) (therefore, the wall ratio can be increased). This is considered to be due to the difference in the area ratio η of the head area / body cross-sectional area, and the increase in the diameter difference between the body diameter d and the head diameter D of nail 20, which can delay the occurrence of the punching shear phenomenon and delay the period of the endurance (load) reduction (Pu=0.8Pmax) caused by the damage or fracture of the nailing part caused by the punching damage, thereby increasing the limit displacement (δuE>δuC).

[0123] Therefore, the head diameter D and the body diameter d are set to 7.07 mm and 2.45 mm, respectively, and the head area / body cross-sectional area is set to 8.32, thereby increasing the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22 to ensure that the annular and flat seating surface 21b (see Figure 2 ), thereby effectively increasing the short-term permissible shear resistance (Pa) of the endurance wall 1 using the low-density gypsum endurance surface material with increased compression strength and nail side resistance (thus effectively increasing the wall ratio). However, not only is the diameter difference between the head 21 and the body 22 increased, but the following conditions must also be considered.

[0124] (1) In order to prevent the surface material 10 from being broken by the insertion of the nail during nailing and to obtain a head diameter D of the nail suitable for the nailing machine, the head diameter D is set to 10 mm or less, preferably 9 mm or less.

[0125] (2) In order to suppress the punching shear phenomenon and reduce the effect of punching breakage, the head diameter D is set to 6 mm or more, preferably 6.8 mm or more.

[0126] (3) In order to suppress the surface material 10 from being broken by the insertion of nails during nailing and to suppress the edge breakage of the surface material during the in-plane shear test, the body diameter d is set to 5 mm or less, preferably 4.2 mm or less.

[0127] (4) In order to suppress excessive bending deformation of the nail during the in-plane shear test, the body diameter d is set to 2 mm or more, preferably 2.2 mm or more.

[0128] (5) In order to suppress an extreme decrease in the strength of the neck portion 23, the ratio η of the head area / body cross-sectional area is set to 13 or less, preferably 11 or less.

[0129] (6) In order to ensure the effect of suppressing the punching shear phenomenon, the ratio η of the head area / body cross-sectional area is set to 6 or more, preferably 7 or more.

[0130] As described above, in the resistance wall 1 using a low-density gypsum-based resistance surface material with increased compressive strength and nail side resistance, the head diameter D, body diameter d and the ratio η of the head area / body cross-sectional area are set to values ​​within an appropriate numerical range. This can prevent the head 21 (nail head) from sinking into the surface material 10, and while suppressing or alleviating the shearing phenomenon, it can effectively increase the short-term allowable shear resistance (Pa) of the resistance wall 1 by suppressing the rupture of the surface material 10 that may occur during nailing (thereby effectively increasing the wall ratio). In particular, in the case of a gypsum-based endurance face material 10, the head 21 must be flush with the face material surface when nailing, and the covering material (gypsum board base paper) 12 of the face material 10 must be prevented from being broken or damaged. In particular, when the head 21 has an excessively large head diameter D, when the top surface 21a of the head 21 is flush with the surface of the face material 10, the face material 10 is prone to cracking (the above (1)). In order to avoid this phenomenon, the above settings of the head diameter D, body diameter d, and the head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η are also important.

[0131] [Regarding the increase in initial rigidity due to the increase in compressive strength, and the increase in short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio]

[0132] The inventors of the present invention have recognized that by fixing the low-density endurance face material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance on the truss or frame of the wood structure using the nails 20 of specific size and shape as described above, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio of the endurance wall 1 can be increased. The inventors of the present invention have recognized that when the initial stiffness of the face material increases with the increase of compression strength, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio of the endurance wall 1 can also be further increased. That is, by using the nails 20 of specific size and shape and the low-density endurance face material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, not only can the punching shear phenomenon be suppressed or alleviated, but also the initial stiffness of the face material can be increased to increase the plasticity μ, and as a multiplication effect of the two, the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio can be effectively or efficiently increased. The following is an explanation of the effect of the initial stiffness of the endurance face material 10 increasing with the increase of compression strength, and the increase of the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio caused by this.

[0133] As described above, by adding organic strength reinforcing materials such as starch, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and inorganic fibers together into a gypsum slurry mixing mixer, the gypsum slurry contains an appropriate amount of organic strength reinforcing materials and inorganic fibers, which can increase the compressive strength and nail side resistance of the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10. The organic strength reinforcing materials are mixed in the gypsum slurry to ensure a lower surface density (6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density within the range of ) makes the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 have the desired compressive strength (6.5N / mm 2 It is an effective means to increase the compression strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 by the synergistic effect with the inorganic fiber to give the gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 the desired nail side resistance (nail side resistance of 500N or more). In addition, considering that the mixed organic strength reinforcing material has no significant impact on the overall quality of the gypsum-based endurance surface material, it is also a simple, realistic or practical effective means.

[0134] In addition, as described below, recent experiments by the inventors and others have shown that an increase in the compressive strength of the endurance surface material 10 helps to increase the initial stiffness K of the endurance wall 1. As a result, the yield point displacement δv of the endurance wall can be reduced without significantly reducing the ultimate displacement δu of the endurance wall. As a result, the plasticity μ of the endurance wall 1 can be greatly improved, and the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio can also be increased.

[0135] The inventors used Figure 8 The gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 shown in the graph were prepared as test bodies, and an in-plane shear test was carried out using a no-load test apparatus. Figure 8The mixing amount of the inorganic fiber and the organic strength reinforcing material shown is expressed as the weight part per 100 weight parts of the calcined gypsum. The gypsum-based strength-reinforcing surface material of Comparative Example 4, as described above, is a surface material consisting of a flat gypsum core (gypsum core material) mixed with a predetermined amount of inorganic fiber (glass fiber) and an organic strength reinforcing material (starch), and a gypsum board base paper (paper component) covering both sides of the gypsum core, and has a surface material of about 7.4 to about 8.7 kg / m 2 Compared with the existing gypsum bearing surface material (Patent Document 4), it has the performance of increasing the limit displacement δu and plasticity μ of the wood structure bearing wall, increasing the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio. However, the gypsum bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are not fixed to the base 2, column 3, spacer 4, connecting spacer 4', cross member 5 and body connecting member 5' ( Figure 3 This is to eliminate the effect or influence of the use of nails 20, so as to evaluate only the increase in the initial stiffness K of the endurance wall 1 (and therefore the increase in the plasticity μ of the endurance wall 1) caused by the increase in the compressive strength of the endurance surface material 10 and the resulting increase in the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The endurance wall whose performance is shown in FIG. 1 does not have a structure in which the endurance surface material 10 is fixed to the wooden truss using the nail 20 of the present invention. Therefore, as reference examples 1 to 4, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 middle.

[0136] Reference Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The test results shown in the figure are the test results of each test body of reference examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 4. 3 rad before and after reaching the maximum load (maximum endurance) Pmax ( Figure 3 ) after which it will not break immediately, but after subsequent repeated force application, it will reach the deformation angle in the load reduction domain of 0.8Pmax, that is, the limit displacement δu1~δu5( Fig. 9 ), and the limit displacement δu1~δu5 is approximately 30×10- 3rad. This means that after each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 reaches the maximum load (maximum endurance) Pmax, the plastic deformation is continued by subsequent repeated force application until a deformation angle equivalent to about 1.5 times the deformation angle at the maximum load Pmax is produced. As mentioned above, the persistence of this plastic deformation is believed to be due to the fact that the surface density is reduced while maintaining the minimum physical properties of a gypsum-based endurance surface material (nail side resistance: 500N or more), thereby making the toughness and deformation tracking properties that the gypsum board itself has potential surface.

[0137] On the other hand, when the compressive strengths of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are compared, the compressive strength of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface material of Comparative Example 4 is 6.0 N / mm 2 , compared with the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 (6.5 N / mm 2 The gypsum-based endurance surface material of Comparative Example 4 is relatively low in short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and wall ratio compared with the gypsum-based endurance surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4.

[0138] [Measurement of compressive strength of resistance surface materials]

[0139] Fig.10 The following diagram schematically shows the method for measuring the compressive strength of gypsum-based bearing surface materials.

[0140] In the determination of the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material conducted by the inventors, Fig.10 As shown, the gypsum-based strength surface materials of the embodiment, reference example and comparative example were cut into flat plates of 4 cm×4 cm in size, and a plurality of test pieces 101 were prepared for the embodiment, reference example and comparative example. The plurality of identical test pieces 101 were not bonded together, but a test piece stack 100 formed by stacking four test pieces was inserted between upper and lower load plates 102 and 103 of a measuring device. Then, a vertical compressive load Fv (and a reaction force Rv) was applied to the test piece stack 100 by upper and lower load rods 104, so that the main material or core material composed of a hardened gypsum body, that is, the gypsum core part of the test piece 101 was broken, and the compressive load Fv at the time of the breakage was measured. As a measuring device, a precision universal testing machine ("Autograph" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: AG-10NKI) was used. The present inventors measured the compressive load Fv when any one of the test pieces 101 constituting the test piece stack 100 was compressed and destroyed, and divided the measured value by the area (16 cm 2 ) is determined as the compressive strength of each gypsum-based endurance surface material.

[0141] The compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 determined as described above is as follows: Figure 8As shown. Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , the initial stiffness K of the gypsum-based strength-bearing surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 changes approximately in accordance with the increase or decrease of the compressive strength. By increasing the compressive strength, the value of the initial stiffness K can be increased. Figure 8 As shown, the plasticity μ can be changed by increasing or decreasing the initial stiffness K, thereby changing the ultimate endurance (corrected value) Pu' and the short-term allowable shear endurance Pa. According to the physical properties of reference examples 1 to 4, by increasing the compressive strength of the gypsum-based endurance surface material to 6.5N / mm 2 The above values, such as Figure 8 As shown, an ultimate proof strength (corrected value) Pu' (a short-term permissible shear proof strength Pa of 5.85 kN or more) of 7.8 kN or more can be obtained.

[0142] That is, the gypsum-based resistance surface materials of Reference Examples 1 to 4 have a strength of 6.5 N / mm 2 The above compressive strength can obtain a higher plasticity μ by the increase of initial rigidity K and the decrease of yield point displacement δv. As a result, the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) Pu' and short-term permissible shearing capacity Pa of the test bodies of reference examples 1 to 4 are Pu'=7.8~11.9 kN and Pa=5.85~8.92, which are significantly larger than the ultimate bearing capacity (corrected value) (=7.62 kN) and short-term permissible shearing capacity Pa (=5.72 kN) of the test body of comparative example 4. In addition, when the reduction coefficient α=0.75 and the variation coefficient β=1.0 are assumed, the wall ratio of the test bodies of reference examples 1 to 4 is 1.64~2.50, which is significantly larger than the wall ratio (1.60) of the test body of comparative example 4. In other words, it is believed that the increase in the compressive strength of the endurance surface material 10 causes the initial stiffness K of the endurance wall 1 to increase. As a result, when the ultimate displacement δu of the endurance wall is not significantly reduced, the yield point displacement δv will decrease, and thus, the plasticity μ (=δu / δv) of the endurance wall 1 will increase significantly, thereby achieving an increase in the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa and the wall ratio.

[0143] [Regarding the increase in plasticity μ caused by the increase in initial stiffness K]

[0144] As described above, the ultimate bearing force (corrected value) Pu' is a value obtained by correcting the ultimate bearing force Pu according to the plasticity rate μ, the short-term allowable shear bearing force Pa is a value obtained by multiplying the ultimate bearing force (corrected value) Pu' by the prescribed reduction coefficient α and the deviation coefficient β, and the wall ratio is a value obtained by dividing the short-term allowable shear bearing force Pa by the prescribed bearing force reference value (L×1.96). Therefore, the wall ratio and the short-term allowable shear bearing force Pa are proportional to the value of the ultimate bearing force Pu and increase as the plasticity rate μ increases. The plasticity rate μ is a value proportional to the ultimate displacement δu and inversely proportional to the yield point displacement δv. Therefore, by increasing the ultimate displacement δu or reducing the yield point displacement δv, the wall ratio and the short-term allowable shear bearing force Pa can be increased.

[0145] exist Fig. 9 In the figure, the test results of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4 are shown as a line graph of the load-deformation angle characteristics in the complete elastic-plastic mode. Fig. 9 In the example, the initial stiffness K is set to 2.0 kN / 10- 3 The linear function straight line Y=KX in the linear elastic domain of rad is indicated by a two-dot chain line as the reference line of the initial stiffness K in the present invention. Fig. 9 In the figure, for each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 4, the linear function straight line Y=K1X to Y=K5X, the ultimate endurance Pu1 to Pu5, and the yield point σs1 to σs5 in the linear elastic domain are shown. Figure 8 As shown, the initial stiffness of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 is K4=2.04 kN / 10- 3 rad, at the maximum value K3 = 2.91 kN / 10- 3 On the other hand, the initial stiffness of the test body of Comparative Example 4 is K5 = 1.94 kN / 10- 3 rad. Initial stiffness K Fig. 9 The inclination of the linear function line Y=KX is shown in the figure. The initial stiffness K is 2.0kN / 10- 3 In the test bodies of reference examples 1 to 4 with values ​​of rad or more, each linear function straight line of Y=K1-4X is Fig. 9 The initial stiffness K = 2.0 kN / 10- 3 The baseline of rad is a steeper straight line, and the initial stiffness K5 is less than 2.0kN / 10- 3 In the comparison example 4 of the value of rad, the linear function of Y = K5X is Fig. 9 The initial stiffness K = 2.0 kN / 10- 3 That is, in each of the test pieces of Reference Examples 1 to 4 in which the compressive strength is increased, the initial stiffness K1-4 is 2.0 kN / 10-3 rad, as a result, a smaller yield point displacement δv1~δv4 can be obtained, which is combined with a larger limit displacement δu1~δu4 and limit endurance Pu1~Pu4, such as Figure 8 As shown, greater ultimate resistance (corrected value) Pu', short-term allowable shear resistance Pa, and wall ratio than those of Comparative Example 4 can be obtained.

[0146] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the initial stiffness K of each test body of Reference Examples 1 to 4 is greater than 2.0 kN / 10- 3 rad, the initial stiffness K of the test body of Comparative Example 4 is less than 2.0 kN / 10- 3 rad, the yield point displacements δv1 to δv4 of the test bodies of reference examples 1 to 4 are significantly smaller than the yield point displacement δv5 of the test body of comparative example 4. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa obtained by the test bodies of Reference Examples 1 to 4 are significantly greater than the values ​​of the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa obtained by the test body of Comparative Example 4. The reason for this is believed to be that the plasticity μ increases as the yield point displacement δv decreases, which contributes significantly to the increase in the wall ratio and short-term allowable shear resistance Pa.

[0147] As described above, the endurance wall 1 of this embodiment has the following features.

[0148] (1) The resistance surface material 10 is composed of a main material or a core material, and a paper member covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material. The main material or the core material is composed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body, and the gypsum hardened body is mixed with inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcing materials to exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N and maintain 6.5N / mm 2 The surface density of the strength material 10, which is used to determine the mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface, is set to 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 In the endurance wall 1 using such a low-density gypsum-based endurance surface material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance, by setting the head diameter D to a value within the range of 6.0 to 10.0 mm, the body diameter d to a value within the range of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, and the head area / body cross-sectional area ratio η to a value within the range of 6 to 13, it is possible to suppress the head 21 from sinking into the surface material 10, suppress or reduce the punching shear phenomenon, and suppress the rupture of the surface material 10 that may occur during nailing, and it is possible to effectively increase the short-term allowable shear resistance Pa of the endurance wall 1 (thereby effectively increasing the wall ratio).

[0149] (2) In the endurance wall 1 using the low-density gypsum endurance surface material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance as described above, the limit displacement δu increases to, for example, 28.09×10- 3 ~34.98×10- 3 rad, therefore, the limit displacement δu of the resistance wall using the existing gypsum resistance surface material (for example, the gypsum resistance surface material described in Patent Document 4) is 20×10- 3 Compared with the value of rad, the ultimate displacement δu of the endurance wall 1 is significantly increased.

[0150] (3) In the endurance wall 1 using the low-density gypsum endurance surface material 10 with increased compression strength and nail side resistance as described above, as in Reference Examples 1 to 4 ( Figure 8 and Fig. 9 ) of the endurance wall 1, the yield point displacement δv1~δv4 is reduced to 6.04×10- 3 ~6.80×10- 3 rad, this value is consistent with the yield point displacement of the endurance wall of Comparative Example 4, δv5 = 7.26 × 10- 3 That is, the endurance surface material 10 described as reference examples 1 to 4 not only increases the limit displacement δu1 to δu4 of the endurance wall 1 and increases the plasticity μ, but also reduces the yield point displacement δv1 to δv4 of the endurance wall 1, which also increases the plasticity μ, thereby enabling the wall ratio and the short-term permissible shear resistance Pa to be increased to a large extent.

[0151] As mentioned above, although the preferred embodiment and examples of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and examples, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the present invention described in the claims.

[0152] For example, the above embodiments and examples relate to the resistance wall at the first floor level of the wooden structure building, but the present invention is also applicable to the resistance wall at the second floor level or the third floor level. In the case of the resistance wall at the second floor level or the third floor level, the lower end of the resistance surface material is fixed to the horizontal member at the floor level of the second floor or the floor level of the third floor.

[0153] In addition, the above embodiments and examples relate to the endurance wall structure of the wooden truss construction method and the large wall structure, and can also be applied to the real wall structure of the wooden truss construction method or the endurance wall structure of the floor priority (floor first method) large wall structure. As a variation, the present invention can also be applied to the endurance wall structure of the wooden frame wall construction method. In this case, the endurance surface material can be fixed to the vertical frame, lower frame, upper frame, etc. instead of the base, column and cross member.

[0154] and then, Figure 3The test body shown is a structure in which the gypsum board is divided into upper and lower parts and a body connector is arranged in the middle position in the height direction. In addition, the in-plane shear test can also be carried out using a gypsum board with a height dimension substantially equal to the total height of the wooden truss. In the latter case, it is believed that the short-term reference shear resistance can be further increased.

[0155] [Possibility of Industrial Application]

[0156] The present invention is applicable to a wood structure endurance wall of a wood structure building and a construction method thereof. In particular, the present invention is applicable to a wood structure endurance surface material and a construction method thereof, wherein a low-density gypsum endurance surface material is fixed to a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method by metal nails, thereby forming a wood structure endurance surface material and a construction method thereof, wherein the low-density gypsum endurance surface material has a strength of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density is within the range of, and a plate-like gypsum hardened body that exerts a nail side resistance of more than 500N by mixing inorganic fibers and organic strength reinforcement materials is used as the main material or core material. The present invention is also applicable to a method for increasing the wall ratio of a wooden structure endurance wall using such a gypsum endurance surface material. The present invention is also applicable to a gypsum endurance surface material used in such a wooden structure endurance wall, a method for increasing the wall ratio thereof, and a construction method thereof. According to the present invention, by using metal nails of a specific shape and size to fix the endurance wall to the wooden structure wall base, there is no need to additionally install reinforcing materials or reinforcement materials, nor to increase the specific gravity and / or board thickness of the gypsum surface material, and there is no need to further increase the value of the limit displacement (δu), and the wall ratio of the wooden structure endurance wall can be increased, so its practical value or effect is significant.

[0157] This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-122390 filed on July 30, 2022, and all the contents of the Japanese Patent Application are cited in this international application.

[0158] Explanation of symbols

[0159] 1 Endurance Wall

[0160] 2 Base

[0161] 3 Pillars

[0162] 4 columns

[0163] 4' Connecting Column

[0164] 5. Horizontal members (beams, cross beams, eaves beams, transverse side beams)

[0165] 5' body connector

[0166] 10, 10a, 10b gypsum endurance surface material

[0167] 11 Flat gypsum core (gypsum core material)

[0168] 12 Base paper for gypsum board (paper parts)

[0169] 20 nails (fixing parts)

[0170] 21Head

[0171] 21a Top surface

[0172] 21b Seating surface

[0173] 22 Body

[0174] 23 Neck

[0175] 24 front end

[0176] D head diameter

[0177] dBody diameter

[0178] L length

[0179] ηHead area / body cross-sectional area ratio

Claims

1. A wood structure endurance wall having a structure in which a gypsum endurance surface material is fixed to a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method by a fixing member, characterized in that: The endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, wherein the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body. The surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material, which is used to determine the mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface, is 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density or surface weight is within the range of 500N and the nail side resistance is at least 6.5N / mm. 2 Above the compressive strength, The fixing member is formed of a metal nail having a head and a body, and an area ratio of the head area / the cross-sectional area of ​​the body is set to a value within a range of 6 to 13. The ultimate displacement of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82 m is greater than 20×10 -3 The limit displacement of the value of rad (δu).

2. The wood structure endurance wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body of the nail is a straight flat body with a uniform circular cross section and has a spire-shaped front end, and the head of the nail is a flat head or a flat head mesh-shaped head with a circular profile in top view.

3. The wood structure endurance wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nail has an annular and flat seating surface and a flat top surface. The seating surface will be seated on the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing. After construction, the top surface will be substantially located in the same plane as the wall surface formed by the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing.

4. The wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The endurance surface material maintains 7.5N / mm 2 The above compressive strength is ensured to be 2.2 kN / 10 as the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test. -3 rad or more.

5. The wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: By setting the surface density or surface weight and the side resistance of the nail, and setting the head diameter, body diameter, and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio of the nail to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the punching breakage effect, at least one of the following properties is ensured as the physical property of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test: (1)7.2×10 -3 Yield point displacement below rad (δv), (2) Plasticity value (μ) above 4.2, (3) Corrected value (Pu') for ultimate endurance (Pu) above 7.7 kN, and (4) A yield strength (Py) of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the corrected value (Pu') of the ultimate strength (Pu).

6. The wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The endurance surface material has a plate thickness of less than 12 mm and / or a specific gravity of less than 0.

96.

7. The wood structure endurance wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main material or the core material of the strength-reinforcing surface material is mixed with inorganic fibers and / or organic strength reinforcing materials.

8. The wood structure endurance wall according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The main material or core material of the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material is mixed with an organic polysiloxane compound.

9. A construction method for a wood structure endurance wall, for fixing a gypsum endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method, to construct the wood structure endurance wall, characterized in that: A gypsum-based endurance surface material is fixed to the wooden structure wall base using a fixing component, wherein the gypsum-based endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body. The gypsum-based endurance surface material has a surface density or surface weight of 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density or surface weight is within the range of 500N and the nail side resistance is at least 6.5N / mm. 2 The above compression strength is achieved by using a metal nail as the fixing member, in which the area ratio of the head area to the cross-sectional area of ​​the body is set to a value within the range of 6 to 13. The ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82 m was greater than 20×10 -3 The limit variation of the rad value.

10. The construction method of the wood structure endurance wall according to claim 9, characterized in that: The body of the nail is a straight flat body with a uniform circular cross section and has a spire-shaped front end, and the head of the nail is a flat head or a flat head mesh-shaped head with a circular profile in top view.

11. The construction method of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 9, characterized in that: The nail has an annular and flat seating surface and a flat top surface. The seating surface will be seated on the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing. After construction, the top surface will be substantially located in the same plane as the wall surface formed by the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing.

12. The construction method of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: The endurance surface material maintains 7.5N / mm 2 The above compressive strength is ensured to be 2.2 kN / 10 as the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test. -3 rad or more.

13. The construction method of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: By setting the surface density or surface weight and the side resistance of the nail, and setting the head diameter, body diameter, and area ratio of the head area / body cross-sectional area of ​​the nail to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the effect of punching breakage, at least one of the following properties is ensured as the physical property of the resistance wall measured by the in-plane shear test: (1)7.2×10 -3 Yield point displacement below rad (δv), (2) Plasticity value (μ) above 4.2, (3) Corrected value (Pu') for ultimate endurance (Pu) above 7.7 kN, and (4) A yield strength (Py) of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the corrected value (Pu') of the ultimate strength (Pu).

14. The construction method of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: The endurance surface material has a plate thickness of less than 12 mm and / or a specific gravity of less than 0.

96.

15. The construction method of the wood structure endurance wall according to claim 9, characterized in that: The main material or the core material of the strength-reinforcing surface material is mixed with inorganic fibers and / or organic strength reinforcing materials.

16. The construction method of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 9 or 15, characterized in that: The main material or core material of the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material is mixed with an organic polysiloxane compound.

17. A method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall, which is constructed by fixing a gypsum endurance surface material on a wood structure wall base of a wood truss construction method or a wood frame wall construction method using a fixing component, characterized in that: The endurance surface material is composed of a main material or a core material and a paper component covering at least the front and back sides of the main material or the core material, and the main material or the core material is formed of a plate-shaped gypsum hardened body. The surface density or surface weight of the endurance surface material, which is used to determine the mass per unit area of ​​the wall surface, is reduced to 6.5 to 8.9 kg / m 2 The endurance surface material exerts a nail side resistance of more than 500N and 6.5N / mm 2 The above compression strength is set by mixing the gypsum hardened body of the main material or the core material, As the fixing member, a metal nail is used, in which the area ratio of the head area / the cross-sectional area of ​​the body is set to a value within the range of 6 to 13, so as to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the punching breakage. The ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test using an endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82 m can be obtained as greater than 20×10 -3 The limit variation of the rad value.

18. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 17, characterized in that: The body of the nail is a straight flat body with a uniform circular cross section and has a spire-shaped front end, and the head of the nail is a flat head or a flat head mesh-shaped head with a circular profile in top view.

19. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 17, characterized in that: The nail has an annular and flat seating surface and a flat top surface. The seating surface will be seated on the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing. After construction, the top surface will be substantially located in the same plane as the wall surface formed by the outer surface of the endurance surface material after nailing.

20. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: Keep the endurance surface material at 7.5N / mm 2 The above compressive strength is ensured to be 2.2 kN / 10 as the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test. -3 rad or more.

21. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: By setting the surface density or surface weight and the side resistance of the nail, and setting the head diameter, body diameter, and area ratio of the head area / body cross-sectional area of ​​the nail to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the effect of punching breakage, at least one of the following properties is ensured as the physical property of the resistance wall measured by the in-plane shear test: (1)7.2×10 -3 Yield point displacement below rad (δv), (2) Plasticity value (μ) above 4.2, (3) Corrected value (Pu') for ultimate endurance (Pu) above 7.7 kN, and (4) A yield strength (Py) of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the corrected value (Pu') of the ultimate strength (Pu).

22. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that: The endurance surface material has a plate thickness of less than 12 mm and / or a specific gravity of less than 0.

96.

23. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 17, characterized in that: The main material or the core material of the strength-reinforcing surface material is mixed with inorganic fibers and / or organic strength reinforcing materials.

24. The method for increasing the wall ratio of a wood structure endurance wall according to claim 17 or 23, characterized in that: The main material or core material of the gypsum-based endurance wall is mixed with an organic polysiloxane compound.

25. A gypsum-based endurance surface material, used in the construction method of the wood structure endurance wall according to claim 9 or the wall multiplier enlargement method of the wood structure endurance wall according to claim 17, and is a gypsum-based endurance surface material for wood structure endurance wall, fixed on the wood structure wall base of the wood truss construction method or the wood frame wall construction method by the fixing component, characterized in that: To exert a nail side resistance of more than 500N and have a minimum of 6.5N / mm 2 The compressive strength is 6.5-8.9 kg / m 2 The surface density or surface weight is within the range of By cooperating with the fixing member, the ultimate displacement (δu) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test using the endurance wall test body with a wall length of 1.82 m is increased to more than 20×10 -3 The value of rad.

26. The gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material according to claim 25, characterized in that: The endurance surface material has a plate thickness of less than 12 mm and / or a specific gravity of less than 0.

96.

27. The gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that: Maintain 7.5N / mm 2 The above compressive strength is ensured to be 2.2 kN / 10 as the initial stiffness (K) of the endurance wall measured by the in-plane shear test. -3 rad or more.

28. The gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that: By setting the surface density or surface weight and the side resistance of the nail, and setting the head diameter, body diameter, and head area / body cross-sectional area ratio of the nail to suppress the punching shear phenomenon or reduce the punching breakage, at least one of the following properties is ensured as the physical property of the resistance wall measured by the in-plane shear test: (1)7.2×10 -3 Yield point displacement below rad (δv), (2) Plasticity value (μ) above 4.2, (3) Corrected value (Pu') for ultimate endurance (Pu) above 7.7 kN, and (4) A yield strength (Py) of 7.7 kN or more and greater than the corrected value (Pu') of the ultimate strength (Pu).

29. The gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that: The gypsum-based endurance surface material has a nail side resistance of less than 980N.

30. The gypsum-based endurance surface material according to claim 25, characterized in that: The main material or the core material of the strength-reinforcing surface material is mixed with inorganic fibers and / or organic strength reinforcing materials.

31. The gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material according to claim 25 or 30, characterized in that: The main material or core material of the gypsum-based strength-resistant surface material is mixed with an organic polysiloxane compound.

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