Perfection method for improving soil in whole ecology and supplementing various elements lacked by plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a complete method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacked by plants in a full-ecological mode. The complete method comprises the following steps that 1, organic fertilizer is prepared; 2) preparing an element fertilizer, and mixing the element fertilizer with an organic fertilizer to obtain a mixture; 3) changing the structure of the soil at a certain depth to loosen the soil, and spreading the mixture on the surface of the soil for mixing; and 4) preparing a microbial agent, and spraying the microbial agent to the surface of the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement and plant nutrition supplementation, and more specifically to a complete method for improving soil in an all-ecological manner to supplement various elements lacking in plants. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, long-term monoculture, large-scale use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have led to many problems in the soil. The soil is severely compacted, the air permeability and water permeability have deteriorated, the soil microbial community is unbalanced, the number of beneficial microorganisms has decreased, and harmful microorganisms have grown. At the same time, the soil is gradually lacking in various essential nutrients for plants, such as trace elements (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, etc.), which causes poor plant growth and development, reduced stress resistance, and reduced yield and quality. Traditional soil improvement methods often focus on solving a single problem, such as only supplementing chemical fertilizers to increase the content of certain elements, or simply using microbial agents to regulate microbial communities. It is difficult to comprehensively improve the soil from a full ecological perspective and fully supplement the elements required by plants. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a complete method for improving soil in a full ecological way to supplement various elements that are lacking in plants.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1) preparing organic fertilizer;

[0006] Step 2) preparing elemental fertilizer and mixing it with organic fertilizer to obtain a mixture;

[0007] Step 3) changing the soil structure at a certain depth to loosen the soil, and spreading the mixture on the soil surface for mixing;

[0008] Step 4) preparing a microbial agent and spraying the microbial agent onto the soil surface.

[0009] Preferably, in the above-mentioned complete method for improving soil ecology and supplementing various elements lacking in plants, the preparation of organic fertilizer in step 1 is: collecting agricultural waste such as crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc., and composting them. During the composting process, adding an appropriate amount of biological agents to promote the decomposition of organic materials.

[0010] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for improving soil ecologically to supplement various elements lacking in plants, the biological agent can be a composite agent containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms such as cellulose decomposing bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, etc.

[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for improving the soil with full ecology to supplement various elements lacking in plants, the preparation of elemental fertilizer in step 2 is to determine the types and contents of trace elements lacking in the soil according to the soil test results, and prepare a chelated fertilizer containing one or more combinations of trace elements selected from iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum.

[0012] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for improving the soil with full ecology to supplement various elements lacking in plants, the step 3 is to use a deep tillage scarifier to perform deep tillage operations in areas where the soil is severely compacted, with a depth of up to 30-50 cm, to break the plow bottom layer, increase soil aeration and water permeability, and at the same time, in combination with deep tillage, add perlite and vermiculite to the soil to further improve the physical structure of the soil and adjust the porosity and water holding capacity of the soil.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for improving soil ecology and supplementing various elements lacking in plants, the microbial agent in step 4 includes: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0014] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a complete method for improving soil ecologically to supplement various elements lacking in plants, and the beneficial effects are as follows:

[0015] 1. From the perspective of the whole ecology, comprehensively improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The addition of organic materials improves the soil structure and enhances the ability to retain water and fertilizer; the supplementation of trace elements meets the comprehensive nutritional needs of plants; microbial agents regulate the construction of healthy microbial communities and promote nutrient conversion and circulation; the improvement of soil physical structure provides a suitable environment for soil organisms and plant roots.

[0016] 2. Improve the resistance of plants to stress and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. A healthy soil environment and adequate nutrient supply enable plants to grow strong, enhance their own immunity, and better resist stress such as drought, high temperature, pests and diseases.

[0017] 3. Significantly improve the yield and quality of agricultural products. Under good soil ecological conditions, plants can fully develop their growth potential, with fuller fruits, brighter colors, and better taste, and the yield can be increased by 20%-50%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1) preparing organic fertilizer;

[0021] Step 2) preparing elemental fertilizer and mixing it with organic fertilizer to obtain a mixture;

[0022] Step 3) changing the soil structure at a certain depth to loosen the soil, and spreading the mixture on the soil surface for mixing;

[0023] Step 4) preparing a microbial agent and spraying the microbial agent onto the soil surface.

[0024] In order to further optimize the above technical solution,

[0025] 1. Adding organic materials

[0026] Collect agricultural waste such as crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc. for composting. During the composting process, add an appropriate amount of biological agents to promote the decomposition of organic materials. Biological agents can be composite agents containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms such as cellulose decomposing bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, etc., which can accelerate the decomposition of macromolecular substances in organic materials, form organic colloids such as humus, improve soil structure, and increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0027] Apply the decomposed organic compost to the soil in a certain proportion (such as 2-5 tons per mu) to provide carbon source and energy for soil microorganisms and promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms.

[0028] 2. Supplementation of trace elements

[0029] According to the soil test results, determine the types and contents of trace elements that are lacking in the soil. Prepare chelated fertilizers containing a variety of trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, etc. Chelating agents can be selected from EDTA or amino acids to improve the effectiveness and stability of trace elements and prevent them from being fixed in the soil.

[0030] Mix the chelated fertilizer of medium and trace elements with organic compost evenly and apply it to the soil, or use foliar spraying to supplement it during the critical period of plant growth (such as seedling stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, etc.), so that the plants can absorb and utilize these medium and trace elements in time, and promote the plant's photosynthesis, enzyme activity regulation, reproductive growth and other physiological processes.

[0031] 3. Microbial agent regulation

[0032] In addition to the biological agents added during the composting process, functional microbial agents are added to the soil regularly (e.g., quarterly). For example, adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can convert the insoluble phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil into forms that can be absorbed and utilized by plants; adding nitrogen-fixing bacteria can fix nitrogen in the air and provide nitrogen nutrition for plants.

[0033] At the same time, supplementing beneficial fungi such as Trichoderma can inhibit the growth of harmful fungi such as Fusarium in the soil and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. These microbial agents work synergistically to build a healthy and stable soil microbial community and promote soil nutrient circulation and transformation.

[0034] 4. Improvement of soil physical structure

[0035] For areas where the soil is severely compacted, deep tillage machines are used to perform deep tillage operations, with a depth of up to 30-50 cm, to break up the plow bottom layer and increase soil aeration and water permeability.

[0036] Combined with deep tillage, add appropriate amounts of inorganic minerals such as perlite and vermiculite to the soil to further improve the physical structure of the soil, adjust the porosity and water holding capacity of the soil, and create a good growth environment for soil microorganisms and plant roots.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the following steps are included:

[0038] 1. Soil testing and analysis system: Establish a professional soil testing laboratory or use portable high-precision soil testing equipment to regularly (every quarter or before planting each crop) accurately test and analyze indicators such as soil pH, organic matter content, macro- and trace element content, and soil microbial community structure, draw a dynamic map of soil nutrition and ecological conditions, and provide a scientific basis for subsequent improvement measures.

[0039] 2. Construction of organic matrix improvement layer: Based on the soil test results, a variety of organic materials (such as decomposed crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, urban organic waste compost, etc.) are mixed in a specific proportion. For example, 3 parts of corn straw compost, 2 parts of cow dung compost and 1 part of earthworm manure are mixed, and a small amount (0.1%-0.3% of the total material) of bioactivator (containing a variety of high-efficiency decomposing bacteria and beneficial microbial flora) is added, and evenly spread on the soil surface with a thickness of about 5-10 cm, and then shallowly plowed (10-15 cm) to fully mix it with the surface soil to form an organic matrix improvement layer rich in organic matter and active beneficial microorganisms, improve soil structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention, and activate soil ecology.

[0040] 3. Precision element supplementation system: Customize multi-element supplements based on the element deficiencies determined by soil testing. For medium and trace element deficiencies, use chelated or slow-release fertilizers, such as EDTA chelated iron, zinc-boron slow-release fertilizers, etc., mixed with organic fertilizers (such as bean cake fertilizer, bone meal, etc.), and accurately replenish them by strip application, hole application or foliar spraying before crop planting or during critical growth periods (such as flowering and fruiting periods). For imbalances in large amounts of elements, adjust the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers according to the law of crop demand, and combine the nutrient release in the organic matrix to build a balanced plant nutrition supply system.

[0041] 4. Microbial community optimization project: In addition to the bioactivators in the organic matrix, specific functional microbial agents are inoculated into the soil regularly (every month or every two months). For example, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are applied to improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus and potassium; nitrogen-fixing bacteria are inoculated to supplement nitrogen; beneficial fungi (such as Trichoderma and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) are added to enhance plant stress resistance and nutrient absorption capacity. At the same time, biological control measures are used to control harmful microorganisms, such as using antagonistic microorganisms to inhibit soil pathogens, maintain a healthy and stable soil microbial community structure, and promote the material cycle and energy flow of the soil ecosystem.

[0042] 5. Ecological irrigation and water management: Establish an intelligent ecological irrigation system to accurately control the amount and frequency of irrigation water according to soil moisture conditions, crop water requirements and meteorological data. Treated rainwater, recycled water or surface water that has been ecologically purified (such as artificial wetland purification) should be used as irrigation water. Adding an appropriate amount (1 to 5 parts per million) of beneficial microbial liquid and organic nutrients (such as amino acids and humic acid) to the irrigation water can not only replenish soil moisture, but also provide moisture and nutrient support for the soil ecosystem, so as to achieve efficient use of water resources and coordinated maintenance of soil ecology.

[0043] 6. Cover crops and crop rotation system: Plant cover crops (such as astragalus, ryegrass, etc.) in the intervals between main crop plantings or during fallow periods. Cover crops have well-developed root systems, which can improve soil structure, absorb excess nutrients and prevent leaching. Their above-ground parts can be turned over and returned to the fields as green manure to increase soil organic matter. At the same time, promote a scientific and reasonable crop rotation system, such as rotating grass and legume crops, using the nitrogen fixation of legume crops to increase soil nitrogen levels, reduce the accumulation of pests and diseases, and optimize the soil ecological environment and plant nutrient supply from the time and space dimensions.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, on a vegetable field where vegetables have been grown for a long time and the soil is acidic, lacks trace elements (zinc, boron, calcium), and has severe soil compaction:

[0045] 1. First, use soil testing equipment to conduct a comprehensive test of the soil to obtain data on various indicators.

[0046] 2. Prepare organic matrix amendments: Mix 4 parts of vegetable straw compost, 3 parts of pig manure compost and 1.5 parts of decomposed mushroom residue, add 0.2% of the total material of bioactivator, and stir thoroughly. Spread the mixture evenly on the surface of the vegetable field to a thickness of about 8 cm, and then use a rotary tiller to shallowly plow 12 cm to mix the amendment with the soil.

[0047] 3. Customized element supplements: Mix zinc sulfate, borax, calcium nitrate, etc. into medium and trace element supplement fertilizers according to the proportion, and mix them with crushed bean cake fertilizer at a ratio of 1:3. Before sowing vegetables, apply the mixed fertilizer at 50 kg per mu. In the middle of vegetable growth, spray the leaves with chelated zinc and chelated boron solutions at a concentration of 1 / 1000, and spray them 3 times in total, with an interval of 7 days.

[0048] 4. Microbial regulation: In the first and third months after vegetable planting, the soil is inoculated with a compound bacterial agent of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a dosage of 2 kg per mu each time. At the same time, biological control belts are set up around the vegetable fields to release beneficial insects such as predatory mites to control pests and reduce the use of pesticides.

[0049] 5. Ecological irrigation: Install an intelligent irrigation system to irrigate the river water purified by artificial wetlands in a timely and appropriate manner based on soil moisture sensor data and weather forecast information. Each time irrigation is carried out, a beneficial microbial solution at a concentration of 3 parts per million and an amino acid solution at a concentration of 1 part per thousand are added to the water.

[0050] 6. Crop rotation and cover crops: After the current crop of vegetables is harvested, plant a season of Chinese milk vetch as a cover crop. When the Chinese milk vetch grows to the flowering stage, turn it over and return it to the field, and then plant corn for crop rotation.

[0051] After a year of improvement and planting practice, the pH value of the soil in the vegetable field has returned to near neutral, soil compaction has been significantly improved, soil organic matter content has increased by 30%, vegetable yield has increased by 40% compared with before, and the quality of vegetables has been significantly improved, with a delicious taste and increased content of nutrients such as vitamin C.

[0052] The implementation cases of sandy loam, clay orchards, grain and cotton fields, etc. further illustrate the application methods and effects of the present invention in various agricultural scenarios.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, 1. At a certain vegetable planting base, soil samples were first collected for testing and analysis, and the results showed that the soil was severely compacted, had a low organic matter content, was lacking in trace elements such as zinc and boron, and had a low diversity of soil microbial communities.

[0054] 2. Collect local corn stalks and chicken manure, mix them in a ratio of 3:1, and add 0.5% of the total weight of the materials into a composite biological agent (including cellulose decomposing bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, etc.) for composting. Turn the compost regularly during the composting process, and after 45 days of decomposition, apply 3 tons of decomposed compost per mu.

[0055] 3. According to the soil test results, prepare amino acid chelated trace element fertilizer containing zinc, boron and other elements. Mix it with the decomposed compost and apply it to the soil. At the same time, use foliar spraying to supplement it during the seedling and flowering stages of vegetables.

[0056] 4. Add phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Trichoderma and other microbial agents to the soil every quarter, with each application amount being 2 kg per mu.

[0057] 5. Use a deep tiller to till the soil to a depth of 40 cm, and add 1 cubic meter of perlite per acre and mix well.

[0058] After one growing season of planting and observation, the vegetable plants grew strong, the leaves were dark green, the incidence of diseases and pests was significantly reduced, the yield increased by 35% compared with the past, and the fruit quality was significantly improved.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the technical indicators of humic acid foliar fertilizer are: humic acid ≥55% fulvic acid ≥50%: organic matter 70%: product shape, granule shape: microbial agent technology content 200 billion / gram, the product is strictly required to be processed by scientific technology, the Oriental Ciming Water Rong resurrection agent indicator CU+Fe+Mn+Zn+B≥t00g / L, the soil uses three full-ecological series products, human cell nutrition is closely related to land ecology, and the soil ecology.

[0060] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0061] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A complete method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1) preparing organic fertilizer; Step 2) preparing elemental fertilizer and mixing it with organic fertilizer to obtain a mixture; Step 3) changing the soil structure at a certain depth to loosen the soil, and spreading the mixture on the soil surface for mixing; Step 4) preparing a microbial agent and spraying the microbial agent onto the soil surface.

2. A method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of organic fertilizer in step 1 is as follows: collecting agricultural waste such as crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, etc., and composting them. During the composting process, adding an appropriate amount of biological agents to promote the decomposition of organic materials.

3. A method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biological microbial agent can be a composite microbial agent containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms such as cellulose decomposing bacteria, bacillus, yeast, etc.

4. The method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of elemental fertilizer in step 2 is to determine the types and contents of trace elements lacking in the soil according to the soil test results, and prepare a chelated fertilizer containing one or more combinations of trace elements selected from iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum.

5. The method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 is to use a deep tiller to perform deep tillage operations in areas where the soil is severely compacted, with a depth of up to 30-50 cm, to break up the plow bottom layer, increase soil aeration and water permeability, and at the same time combine deep tillage with adding perlite and vermiculite to the soil to further improve the physical structure of the soil and adjust the porosity and water holding capacity of the soil.

6. The method for improving soil and supplementing various elements lacking in plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent in step 4 includes phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.