Quinoa crop rotation cultivation method capable of efficiently increasing yield and preventing insects

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of chenopodium quinoa cultivation in organic agriculture, in particular to a chenopodium quinoa crop rotation cultivation method capable of efficiently increasing yield and preventing insects, which comprises the following steps: pre-treating soil, uniformly applying a fertilizer on the soil, and turning over and flattening; garlic planting comprises garlic sowing, garlic growth management and garlic harvesting, and in the garlic harvesting process, garlic shoots and garlic bulbs are harvested, and garlic leaves are not recycled; previous soil treatment: applying a compound microbial agent to the soil, performing deep ploughing treatment on the previous soil, and applying a quinoa planting fertilizer, so that garlic leaves are fully fermented and decomposed in the soil; planting of the chenopodium quinoa, wherein the planting of the chenopodium quinoa comprises seeding of the chenopodium quinoa, growth management of the chenopodium quinoa and harvesting of the chenopodium And performing post-treatment on the soil. According to the method, an ecological regulation and control method is utilized, insect pests in quinoa planting are effectively reduced, the yield of quinoa is increased, damage to soil in the prevention and control process is reduced, and the utilization rate of the soil is effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quinoa cultivation in organic agriculture, and in particular to a quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the annual increase in the area and scope of quinoa cultivation, the degree of damage caused by pests has also increased year by year. After years of field investigation, the main pests of quinoa are quinoa fly and quinoa tube beak weevil. Taking Jingle County as an example, in 2023, the planting area was about 30,000 mu, and the area damaged by quinoa fly and quinoa tube beak weevil was more than 12,000 mu, accounting for 40% of the total area, causing a reduction of more than 50%; in 2017, the quinoa planting area was about 20,000 mu, and the two pests damaged an area of ​​13,000 mu, accounting for more than 65% of the total area, causing a reduction of more than 70% or even a total crop failure.

[0003] Quinoa fly ( Tetanops myopaeformis ) belongs to the order Diptera, family Muscicapidae. The quinoa fly mainly attacks the host's underground roots with larvae clusters. After gnawing on the host's roots, it will cause brown spots and scars on the host's root epidermis. If it gnaws on the root tip, it will cause the main root to fork. When the gnawing is severe, the host's roots will be seriously deformed. The aboveground leaves of the affected host turn yellow and wilt from the outside to the inside, the plant grows slowly, and the whole plant may even die. In fields where root rot occurs, the root rot bacteria will invade through the wounds on the host's roots, accelerating the host's wilting or death. Quinoa tube-beaked weevil ( Lixus subtilis Boheman belongs to the order Coleoptera and the family Curculionidae. Its main larvae damage is to bore into the stems, causing the stems to wither and turn yellow, the seeds to be unfilled or shrunken, and often causing the main stems to break and the side branches to break. The quinoa tube beak weevil has no obvious phototropism or chemotaxis, and its larvae have the characteristics of boring. Both of these major pests are highly concealed and cause serious damage; large amounts of chemical pesticides are required for prevention and control, and the prevention and control effect is poor.

[0004] At present, quinoa is controlled by chemical means, but the large-scale application of chemical pesticides can easily cause problems such as soil compaction, loss of soil fertilizer, increased pest resistance, and increased difficulty in control. There is no better method for effective control using ecological regulation methods. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention. The method of ecological regulation is used to effectively reduce the insect pests in quinoa cultivation and increase the yield of quinoa, but also reduce the damage to the soil caused by the prevention and control process, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of the soil.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-treatment of soil: evenly apply fertilizer on the soil, and plow and level the soil; S2, garlic planting, from early April to June, garlic planting, the garlic planting includes garlic sowing, garlic growth management and garlic harvesting, in the garlic harvesting, the garlic stalks and garlic heads are harvested, and the garlic leaves are not recycled; S3, previous crop soil treatment, from early to mid-June, first apply compound microbial agents to the soil, then deep plow the soil, apply quinoa planting fertilizer, and allow the garlic leaves to fully ferment and decompose in the soil; The composite microbial agent comprises: 700 ml of Beauveria bassiana with 40 billion spores / gram, 300 ml of Bacillus sphaericus with 10 billion CFU / gram, 1500 ml of Bacillus megaterium with 5 billion CFU / gram, 2500 ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens with 5 billion CFU / gram and 2500 ml of Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion CFU / gram applied to 1 mu of land; S4. Planting quinoa: planting quinoa from the end of June to the end of September, wherein the planting of quinoa includes sowing quinoa, growth management of quinoa and harvesting of quinoa; S5. Post-treatment of soil.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S1, the types and amounts of fertilizers applied in the soil pretreatment are 3000 kg / mu of fully decomposed farmyard manure, 100 kg / mu of soybean cake fertilizer, and 100 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium controlled-release fertilizer.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, the garlic is sown by the row sowing method. In early April, shallow trenches are dug on the leveled soil, and the garlic seeds are arranged in the shallow trenches in sequence. A layer of loose soil is then covered on the garlic seeds, and the loose soil is gently compacted and then watered. The width of the shallow trench is 2-3 cm, the depth is 5 cm, the row spacing between the shallow trenches is 20 cm, the spacing between the garlic seeds is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the loose soil is 2-3 cm.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, the growth management of garlic includes watering management of garlic, fertilization management of garlic and weeding management of garlic, and the watering management of garlic includes watering management during the germination period, watering management during the seedling period and watering management during the bulb expansion period. The watering management during the germination period of garlic is to water thoroughly once within one week after sowing. The watering management during the seedling period is to water the garlic seedling period appropriately, once every 10 to 15 days; the watering management during the bulb expansion period is to water once every 5 to 7 days to avoid water accumulation; The fertilization management of the garlic adopts a fertilization method of furrow fertilization or hole fertilization, digs furrows or holes 10-15 cm away from the plant, covers the soil after fertilizer is applied, and waters in time. Garlic needs to be fertilized 2-3 times during the growth process. The first fertilization is carried out when the garlic seedling grows 4-5 leaves, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and 10-15 kg of urea can be applied per mu; the second fertilization is when the garlic stalks are pulled out, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added at this time, and 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu; The weeding management of the garlic adopts manual weeding or chemical weeding. During the growth period of garlic, intertillage and weeding should be carried out in time. Intertillage should be carried out 2 to 3 times during the garlic seedling stage. The first intertillage is carried out after the garlic seedlings emerge from the soil, and the intertillage depth is 3 to 5 cm; the second intertillage is carried out when the garlic seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, and the intertillage depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, the garlic stalks are harvested when the inflorescence bracts of the garlic stalks extend 10 to 15 cm out of the leaf sheath and the color changes from green to white; 20 to 30 days after the garlic stalks are harvested, when most of the garlic leaves are withered and yellow and the pseudostems become soft, the garlic bulbs are harvested.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present invention: in step S3, the soil is deeply turned over to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and the soil is immediately shallowly rotary pressed and raked evenly to make the soil flat and loose on the top and firm on the bottom; the type and amount of quinoa planting fertilizer applied are 1000 to 1500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 30 to 40 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 10 to 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate; and then a black fully biodegradable mulch film is used for covering to prevent the soil from being too wet or too waterlogged, so that the garlic leaves can be fully fermented and decomposed.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S4, the quinoa is sown at the end of June, using the hole sowing method, 5 to 6 seeds are placed in each hole, the row spacing between the holes is 40 to 50 cm, and the hole depth is 3 to 5 cm; The growth management of quinoa includes fertilization management and irrigation management of quinoa. Fertilization is also required during the growth of quinoa. In the jointing stage of quinoa, 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu, and in the booting stage, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu. When fertilizing, avoid direct contact of fertilizer with the plant, dig trenches around the plant for fertilization, and then cover with soil; after sowing quinoa, jointing stage and booting stage, water appropriately; The quinoa is harvested at the end of September. After the quinoa is harvested, the quinoa stalks are promptly cleared out of the fields to reduce the number of insect sources of the quinoa tube-beaked weevil in the following year.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S5, at the end of October, the soil is deep-turned to a turning depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and flooding is performed.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention utilizes an ecological regulation method to first plant garlic. After the garlic is harvested, the garlic leaves are not recycled, and the garlic leaves are fully fermented and decomposed in the soil before quinoa is planted. In this way, a piece of soil can realize garlic-quinoa rotation. The irritating volatile substances in the garlic leaves can prevent and control the larvae of the quinoa fly, and can also produce an avoidance effect on the quinoa tube beak weevil. The present invention uses the garlic-quinoa rotation method, which can not only harvest two crops and improve the utilization rate of the soil, but also effectively reduce the insect pests of quinoa planting, increase the quinoa yield, and also avoid the damage to the soil caused by chemical control; 2. The present invention adds a specific composite microbial agent during the previous soil treatment, which effectively accelerates the fermentation and maturity of garlic leaves in the soil, significantly improves the utilization efficiency of N, P, and K in the soil, improves the absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P, and K when planting quinoa, improves the activity of urease, phosphatase, catalase, and sucrase in the soil, and also increases the content of organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil, thereby enhancing the effect of increasing soil production and preventing insects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the quinoa rotation cultivation method for efficiently increasing yield and preventing insects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1

[0018] refer to Figure 1 A quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention comprises the following steps: S1. Pre-treatment of soil: evenly apply fertilizer on the soil, and plow and level the soil; S2. Planting of garlic: from early April to June, garlic is planted. The planting of garlic includes sowing of garlic, growth management of garlic and harvesting of garlic. During the harvesting of garlic, the garlic stalks and garlic heads are harvested, and the garlic leaves are not recycled; S3, previous crop soil treatment, from early to mid-June, first apply compound microbial agents to the soil, then deep plow the soil, apply quinoa planting fertilizer, and allow the garlic leaves to fully ferment and decompose in the soil; The composite microbial agent includes: 700 ml of Beauveria bassiana with 40 billion spores / gram, 300 ml of Bacillus sphaericus with 10 billion CFU / gram, 1500 ml of Bacillus megaterium with 5 billion CFU / gram, 2500 ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens with 5 billion CFU / gram, and 2500 ml of Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion CFU / gram, applied to 1 mu of land; S4. Quinoa planting: from the end of June to the end of September, quinoa planting is carried out. Quinoa planting includes quinoa sowing, quinoa growth management and quinoa harvesting; S5. Post-treatment of soil.

[0019] In step S1, the types and amounts of fertilizers applied in the soil pretreatment are 3000 kg / mu of fully decomposed farmyard manure, 100 kg / mu of soybean cake fertilizer, and 100 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium controlled-release fertilizer.

[0020] In step S2, the garlic is sown by the row sowing method. In early April, shallow trenches are dug on the leveled soil, and the garlic seeds are arranged in the shallow trenches in sequence. Then, a layer of loose soil is covered on the garlic seeds, the loose soil is gently compacted, and then watered. The width of the shallow trench is 2-3 cm, the depth is 5 cm, the row spacing between the shallow trenches is 20 cm, the spacing between the garlic seeds is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the loose soil is 2-3 cm.

[0021] Garlic growth management includes garlic watering management, garlic fertilization management and garlic weeding management. Garlic watering management includes garlic germination period watering management, garlic seedling period watering management and garlic bulb expansion period watering management. Garlic germination period watering management, watering once a week after sowing, seedling period watering management, garlic seedling period watering, watering once every 10-15 days; bulb expansion period watering management, watering once every 5-7 days to avoid water accumulation; Garlic fertilization management adopts the fertilization method of furrow fertilization or hole fertilization. Dig a furrow or dig a hole 10-15 cm away from the plant, apply the fertilizer, cover with soil, and water in time. Garlic needs to be fertilized 2-3 times during the growth process. The first fertilization is carried out when the garlic seedlings grow 4-5 leaves. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used. 10-15 kg of urea can be applied per mu; the second fertilization is when the garlic stalks are pulled out. At this time, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added. 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. For garlic weeding management, manual weeding or chemical weeding should be adopted. During the growth period of garlic, intertillage and weeding should be carried out in time. Intertillage should be carried out 2 to 3 times during the garlic seedling stage. The first intertillage should be carried out after the garlic seedlings emerge from the soil, and the intertillage depth is 3 to 5 cm. The second intertillage should be carried out when the garlic seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, and the intertillage depth is 5 to 7 cm.

[0022] In step S2, the garlic stalks are harvested when the inflorescence bracts of the garlic stalks extend 10 to 15 cm from the leaf sheath and the color changes from green to white; 20 to 30 days after the garlic stalks are harvested, when most of the garlic leaves are withered and yellow and the pseudostems become soft, the garlic bulbs are harvested.

[0023] In step S3, the soil is deeply plowed to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and the soil is immediately shallowly rotary pressed and raked evenly to make the soil flat and loose on the top and firm on the bottom; the type and amount of quinoa planting fertilizer applied are 1000 to 1500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 30 to 40 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 10 to 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate; and then a black fully biodegradable mulch film is used for covering to prevent the soil from being too wet or too waterlogged, so that the garlic leaves can be fully fermented and decomposed.

[0024] In step S4, quinoa is sown at the end of June using a hole sowing method, with 5 to 6 seeds placed in each hole, a row spacing of 40 to 50 cm between holes, and a hole depth of 3 to 5 cm; Quinoa growth management includes fertilization management and irrigation management. Fertilization is also required during the growth of quinoa. In the jointing stage of quinoa, 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu, and in the booting stage, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu. When fertilizing, avoid direct contact of fertilizer with the plant. Fertilize by digging trenches around the plant and then cover with soil. Water quinoa appropriately after sowing, during the jointing stage and the booting stage. Quinoa is harvested at the end of September. After the harvest, the quinoa straw is cleared out of the fields in time to reduce the number of quinoa beak weevils that can cause insects in the following year.

[0025] In step S5, at the end of October, the soil is deep-turned to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and flooded with water.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] On the basis of Example 1, a garlic-quinoa rotation comparative experiment was designed. In comparative experiment 1, no previous crop was planted. In comparative experiment 2, garlic was planted as the previous crop, and the previous soil was treated in early June. In comparative experiment 3, garlic was planted as the previous crop, and the previous soil was treated in mid-June. Other conditions were the same. The quinoa variety was Jinli No. 1, the experimental area was set at 3 mu, and quinoa sampling was carried out using "W"-shaped 5-point sampling.

[0028] The indicators measured include: the control effect of quinoa fly, the control effect of quinoa beetle, the control effect of quinoa weeds and the growth rate of quinoa yield; Quinoa fly control effect: Take samples at 5 points in a "W" shape, select 20 quinoa plants at each point, dig up the roots and sieve the soil for inspection, and record the number of quinoa flies at the roots of each quinoa point. Quinoa fly control effect % = (number of quinoa flies before the previous crop is planted - number of quinoa flies before the previous crop is planted) / number of quinoa flies before the previous crop is planted * 100%; Control effect of quinoa tube beak weevil: conduct “W” shaped sampling at 5 points, select 20 quinoa plants at each point, inspect the quinoa stems, and record the number of quinoa plants damaged at each point. Control effect of quinoa tube beak weevil % = (number of quinoa plants damaged without planting the previous crop - number of quinoa plants damaged with planting the previous crop) / number of quinoa plants damaged without planting the previous crop * 100%; Quinoa weed control effect: 5 sampling points in a "W" shape were selected, and 20 m2 was selected at each point. 2 (4 m long * 5 m wide), record the number of quinoa weeds at each point, quinoa weed control effect % = (the number of weeds without the previous crop planted - the number of weeds with the previous crop planted) / the number of weeds without the previous crop planted * 100%; Quinoa yield growth rate: Five sampling points were selected in a “W” shape, with each point selected at 50 m 2 (10 m long * 5 m wide), record the yield of quinoa harvested at each point, quinoa yield growth rate % = (quinoa yield of the previous crop planted - quinoa yield of the previous crop not planted) / quinoa yield of the previous crop not planted * 100%.

[0029] The specific effects of garlic as the previous crop and the soil treatment time on quinoa insect prevention and yield increase are shown in Tables 1 and 2: Table 1 Effects of garlic as the previous crop and soil treatment time on insect control and yield increase of quinoa

[0030] Table 2 Variance analysis of the effects of different soil treatment times on insect control and yield increase of quinoa

[0031] It can be seen that (1) after garlic was planted in the previous crop, the control effect of quinoa fly was above 60%; after the previous crop soil was treated in early June, the control effect of quinoa fly was as high as 72.5%, which was significantly higher than the control effect of quinoa fly after the previous crop soil was treated in mid-June (63.9%), and the different treatment times of the previous crop soil had a significant effect on the control effect of quinoa fly (F=22.173, P=0.002); (2) After garlic was planted in the previous crop, the control effect of the quinoa beak weevil was above 50%; after the previous crop soil was treated in early June, the control effect of the quinoa beak weevil was as high as 77.0%, which was significantly higher than the control effect of the quinoa beak weevil after the previous crop soil was treated in mid-June (58.5%). In addition, the different treatment times of the previous crop soil had a significant effect on the control effect of the quinoa beak weevil (F=31.00, P<0.001); (3) After garlic was planted in the previous crop, the weed control effect of quinoa was above 75%; after the previous crop soil was treated in early June, the weed control effect of quinoa was as high as 81.4%, which was significantly higher than the weed control effect of quinoa after the previous crop soil was treated in mid-June (77.8%). In addition, the different treatment times of the previous crop soil had a significant effect on the weed control effect of quinoa (F=7.181, P=0.027); (4) After garlic was planted in the previous crop, the growth rate of quinoa yield was above 10%. After the previous crop soil was treated in early June and mid-June, the growth rates of quinoa yield were 16.7% and 11.9%, respectively. However, the effect of different previous crop soil treatment times on the quinoa yield growth rate was not significant (F=1.841, P=0.212).

[0032] Conclusion: After planting garlic in the previous crop, the soil of the previous crop was treated in early June, and then quinoa was planted after a certain period of time, which made the insect control and yield increase effect of quinoa better. The control effect of quinoa fly was 72.5%, the control effect of quinoa tube beak was 77%, the control effect of quinoa weeds was 81.4%, and the quinoa yield growth rate was 16.7%.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] Based on Example 1, soil tests were performed with the addition of composite microbial agents and blank experiments.

[0035] (1) After adding the composite microbial agent, the absorption efficiency of N, P, and K in the soil and the absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P, and K in quinoa were tested. The specific results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Comparison of the absorption efficiency of N, P, and K in soil under different treatments and the absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P, and K in quinoa

[0036] It can be seen that the composite microbial agent significantly improved the soil's utilization efficiency of N, P, and K, and improved quinoa's absorption and utilization efficiency of N, P, and K.

[0037] (2) The activities of urease, phosphatase, catalase and sucrase in the soil were tested after adding the composite microbial agent at different times. The specific results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 Comparison of the activities of urease, phosphatase, catalase and sucrase in soils with different treatments

[0038] It can be seen that the composite microbial agent (after treatment for 30, 90, and 150 days) significantly increased the activities of urease, phosphatase, catalase, and sucrase in the soil of quinoa fields.

[0039] (3) After adding the composite microbial agent at different times, the content of organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil was tested. The specific results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Comparison of organic matter content, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soils of different treatments

[0040] It can be seen that the composite microbial agent significantly increased the content of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in quinoa fields.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pre-treatment of soil: evenly apply fertilizer on the soil, and plow and level the soil; S2, garlic planting, from early April to June, garlic planting, the garlic planting includes garlic sowing, garlic growth management and garlic harvesting, in the garlic harvesting, the garlic stalks and garlic heads are harvested, and the garlic leaves are not recycled; S3, previous crop soil treatment, from early to mid-June, first apply compound microbial agents to the soil, then deep plow the soil, apply quinoa planting fertilizer, and allow the garlic leaves to fully ferment and decompose in the soil; The composite microbial agent comprises: 700 ml of Beauveria bassiana with 40 billion spores / gram, 300 ml of Bacillus sphaericus with 10 billion CFU / gram, 1500 ml of Bacillus megaterium with 5 billion CFU / gram, 2500 ml of Pseudomonas fluorescens with 5 billion CFU / gram and 2500 ml of Bacillus subtilis with 10 billion CFU / gram applied to 1 mu of land; S4. Planting quinoa: planting quinoa from the end of June to the end of September, wherein the planting of quinoa includes sowing quinoa, growth management of quinoa and harvesting of quinoa; S5. Post-treatment of soil.

2. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the types and amounts of fertilizers applied in the soil pretreatment are 3000 kg / mu of fully decomposed farmyard manure, 100 kg / mu of soybean cake fertilizer, and 100 kg / mu of high-nitrogen and high-potassium controlled-release fertilizer.

3. The high-efficiency yield-increasing and insect-proof quinoa rotation cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the garlic is sown by row sowing. In early April, shallow trenches are dug on the leveled soil, and the garlic seeds are arranged in the shallow trenches in sequence. A layer of loose soil is then covered on the garlic seeds, and the loose soil is gently compacted and then watered. The width of the shallow trenches is 2-3 cm, the depth is 5 cm, the row spacing between the shallow trenches is 20 cm, the spacing between the garlic seeds is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the loose soil is 2-3 cm.

4. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the growth management of the garlic includes watering management of the garlic, fertilization management of the garlic and weeding management of the garlic. The watering management of the garlic includes watering management during the germination period, watering management during the seedling period and watering management during the bulb expansion period. The watering management during the germination period of the garlic is to water thoroughly once within one week after sowing. The watering management during the seedling period is to water the garlic seedling period appropriately, once every 10 to 15 days; the watering management during the bulb expansion period is to water once every 5 to 7 days to avoid water accumulation; The fertilization management of the garlic adopts a fertilization method of furrow fertilization or hole fertilization, digs furrows or holes 10-15 cm away from the plant, covers the soil after fertilizer is applied, and waters in time. Garlic needs to be fertilized 2-3 times during the growth process. The first fertilization is carried out when the garlic seedling grows 4-5 leaves, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and 10-15 kg of urea can be applied per mu; the second fertilization is when the garlic stalks are pulled out, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added at this time, and 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu; The weeding management of the garlic adopts manual weeding or chemical weeding. During the growth period of garlic, intertillage and weeding should be carried out in time. Intertillage should be carried out 2 to 3 times during the garlic seedling stage. The first intertillage is carried out after the garlic seedlings emerge from the soil, and the intertillage depth is 3 to 5 cm; the second intertillage is carried out when the garlic seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, and the intertillage depth is 5 to 7 cm.

5. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the garlic stalks are harvested when the inflorescence bracts of the garlic stalks extend 10 to 15 cm out of the leaf sheath and the color changes from green to white; 20 to 30 days after the garlic stalks are harvested, when most of the garlic leaves are withered and yellow and the pseudostems become soft, the garlic bulbs are harvested.

6. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the soil is deep-turned to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and shallow rotary pressing is performed immediately after turning and pressing, and shallow rotary harrowing is performed to evenly harrow the soil to make the soil flat and loose on the upper part and firm on the lower part; The types and amounts of quinoa planting fertilizers applied are 1000~1500 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, 30~40 kg / mu of superphosphate, and 10~15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate; then black fully biodegradable mulch is used for covering to prevent the soil from being too wet or too waterlogged, so that the garlic leaves can be fully fermented and decomposed.

7. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the quinoa is sown at the end of June by a hole sowing method, with 5 to 6 seeds placed in each hole, the row spacing between the holes is 40 to 50 cm, and the hole depth is 3 to 5 cm; The growth management of quinoa includes fertilization management and irrigation management of quinoa. Fertilization is also required during the growth process of quinoa. In the jointing stage of quinoa, 10-15 kg of urea is applied per mu, and in the booting stage, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu. When fertilizing, avoid direct contact of fertilizer with the plant, dig trenches around the plant for fertilization, and then cover with soil; after sowing quinoa, jointing stage and booting stage, water appropriately; The quinoa is harvested at the end of September. After the quinoa is harvested, the quinoa straw is cleared out of the fields in time to reduce the number of insect sources of the quinoa tube-beaked weevil in the following year.

8. The quinoa rotation cultivation method with high efficiency, increased yield and insect prevention according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, at the end of October, the soil is deep-turned to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm, and flooded with water.

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