Application of ketogenic diet in conditioning senile type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ketogenic diets, and discloses an application of ketogenic diets in conditioning senile type 2 diabetes mellitus. By adopting the ketogenic diets, the HbA1c level of an intervention group is obviously reduced from 8.5% of a baseline position to 6.9% (Plt; 0.01), the fasting blood glucose is reduced from 180 mg / dL to 110 mg / dL (Plt; 0.01), the weight of an intervention group is reduced by 5kg on average, the BM I is reduced from 29.0 to 26.2, a good weight control effect is shown, and the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR value of a patient is reduced from 3.5 to 1.8 (Plt; 0.05), which shows that the insulin sensitivity is significantly enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ketogenic diet, and in particular relates to the application of ketogenic diet in regulating type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Background Art

[0002] The ketogenic diet is a diet that can help you lose weight relatively quickly, especially by reducing body fat percentage. Its dietary characteristics are high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrates. Under normal circumstances, the body mainly relies on carbohydrates, that is, food, to supply energy. In a ketogenic diet, the intake of carbohydrates is very small, which changes the body's energy supply from carbohydrates to fat. Fatty acids supply energy through β-oxidation, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids will produce ketone bodies. The oxidation and decomposition of a large amount of fatty acids increases the production of ketone bodies, which have the effect of suppressing appetite. In addition, the fat and protein content in the diet is relatively high. These foods are digested slowly and the gastrointestinal emptying is slow, which can increase the patient's sense of fullness, thereby reducing food intake. The above effects can help reduce weight, especially reduce body fat.

[0003] Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease caused by insufficient or inefficient use of insulin. It is common in adults and is also called adult-onset diabetes. This disease is caused by genetics, environmental factors such as lifestyle, overnutrition, and lack of physical activity. The initial symptoms are often mild, and many people are not diagnosed until complications occur or during routine physical examinations. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly has increased significantly. The typical symptoms of type 2 diabetes are called "three mores and one less", which refer to drinking more, eating more, urinating more, and losing weight; but in the early stages of the disease, there may be no symptoms or mild symptoms. As the disease progresses, the symptoms of high blood sugar will become more obvious, so it should be monitored carefully. Accompanying symptoms include fatigue, easy fatigue, fatigue, easy fatigue, easy cold, mental depression, memory loss, etc. For this disease, high-risk groups (including those with a family history of diabetes, obesity, and those over 45 years old) should monitor blood sugar regularly.

[0004] Although traditional treatments for type 2 diabetes are effective, they are often accompanied by side effects and are difficult to adhere to in the long term. With the rise of natural therapies and ketogenic diets, researchers have begun to explore the applicability of these methods in elderly patients with diabetes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention provides the application of a ketogenic diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The application of ketogenic diet in regulating type 2 diabetes in the elderly. The ketogenic diet works by promoting ketone body production to put the body into ketosis to improve insulin sensitivity.

[0008] The daily carbohydrate intake should not exceed 50 grams.

[0009] The ketogenic diet reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the short term.

[0010] When the body's carbohydrate reserves (such as glycogen) are exhausted, the fatty acid transport and oxidation system is activated. Fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria and oxidized into pyruvate through a series of complex biochemical reactions. This process is further converted into ketone bodies through metabolic pathways. Ketone bodies are used to replace glucose as an energy source for tissues such as the brain and muscles.

[0011] Ketone bodies are acetoacetate or beta-hydroxybutyrate.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. By adopting the ketogenic diet, the HbA1c level of the intervention group dropped significantly from 8.5% at baseline to 6.6% (P<0.01), and the fasting blood glucose dropped from 180mg / dL to 110mg / dL (P<0.01). At the same time, the intervention group lost an average of 5kg in weight, and the BMI dropped from 29.0 to 26.2, showing a good weight control effect. At the same time, the patient's insulin resistance index HOMA-IR value dropped from 3.5 to 1.8 (P<0.05), indicating that insulin sensitivity was significantly enhanced;

[0014] 2. The quality of life assessment showed that the intervention group had a significant improvement in mental health and social function scores, with happiness rising by 20% and anxiety scores falling by 30%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. The methods in the embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art. The following embodiments are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0016] The ketogenic diet in this program promotes the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids in the body and activates the endogenous ketogenic process by limiting the intake of carbohydrates. Specifically, this dietary pattern reduces the amount of carbohydrate intake to no more than 50 grams per day, which is far below the daily requirement recommended by the International Nutrition Organization. When the body's carbohydrate reserves (such as glycogen) are exhausted, the fatty acid transport and oxidation system is activated, and fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized to pyruvate through a series of complex biochemical reactions. This process is further converted into ketone bodies, such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, through a precisely regulated metabolic pathway. These ketone bodies can be used to replace glucose as an energy source for tissues such as the brain and muscles.

[0017] To ensure the accuracy and scientificity of this method, a 12-week dietary intervention experiment was designed. Within the framework of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), elderly patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 and above were randomly assigned to a ketogenic diet group and a control group (traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet). All participants received personalized dietary guidance from nutrition experts to ensure that the diet was nutritionally balanced and appropriate for sugar metabolism. The study used a variety of biomarkers to monitor the metabolic changes of the subjects, such as blood sugar, insulin sensitivity index, and blood lipid levels, with special attention to changes in the concentration of blood ketone bodies, in order to evaluate the metabolic effects of the ketogenic diet.

[0018] Muscle and fat tissue samples were also extracted from the patients, and the effects of the ketogenic diet on the expression of key enzyme proteins for fat oxidation and the expression of genes related to fatty acid transport were further explored using immunoblotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) techniques. The results showed that the ketogenic diet can significantly increase the activity of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes and promote the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids.

[0019] Behind the metabolic principle of the ketogenic diet lies a series of intricate biochemical processes, involving sophisticated physiological regulation mechanisms. In-depth analysis of these processes and mechanisms helps to better understand the potential value and mechanism of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly, and provides a more solid theoretical basis for clinical application. Therefore, this study not only provides innovative physical therapy methods in the field of nutrition, but also constructs a new theoretical framework and practical path in the treatment research of metabolic diseases in the elderly.

[0020] In the research activities on the effects of ketogenic diet on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, a multi-level and multi-angle methodological strategy was adopted to precisely adjust and track the patients' eating patterns. One of the core factors affecting blood sugar is the composition of the diet, so this study deeply explored the nutritional ratio under the principles of ketogenic diet and its effects on fasting blood sugar and blood sugar 2 hours after meals. A total of 100 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were selected for the experiment, with a balanced distribution of gender and age groups. Typical cases involved males aged 65 to 70 years old and females aged 72 to 75 years old. Before and after the implementation of the ketogenic diet, the "Pathway for the Selection of Hypoglycemic Drugs for Elderly Type 2 Diabetes" guide was used as an auxiliary decision-making tool to make personalized special medical food adjustments based on the patient's physical condition.

[0021] The experimental period was set to 12 weeks, and patients were monitored for blood sugar once a week, with data collection accurate to 0.1mmo l / L to ensure the reliability and validity of the results. The research team used professional blood sugar testing equipment and standardized operating procedures provided by a third-party medical institution to eliminate potential operating errors. Control variables include ambient temperature, test time (morning fasting and 2 hours after meals) and individual physiological cycles. Survey data show that after adopting a ketogenic diet, patients' fasting blood sugar levels and blood sugar levels 2 hours after meals generally showed a downward trend.

[0022] The data samples in the table "Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Blood Glucose in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes" that reflect the effects of the ketogenic diet were analyzed in detail. The data showed that more than half of the participants achieved a blood sugar reduction rate of more than 25%, among which the blood sugar reduction rates of patients numbered 001 to 010 ranged from a minimum of 25% to a maximum of 32.50%. Within this data range, the extent of blood sugar reduction in different cases revealed the potential differences in the effects of the ketogenic diet in elderly people with different physical conditions. The effectiveness analysis took into account the feasibility and physiological effects of the ketogenic diet on elderly patients to ensure that the implementation of this dietary pattern was carried out under the premise of safety.

[0023] Through comparative analysis, generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to perform regression analysis of group data to reveal the universal effect of ketogenic diet on blood glucose in patient groups of different genders and ages. The confidence level of the statistical model was set at 95%, and the two-tailed test of normal distribution was used to ensure the statistical significance of data analysis. The research results are intended to enrich the knowledge base of dietary management for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, provide a reference for clinicians to adjust dietary strategies, and provide new evidence support for the practice of ketogenic diet in the field of medical nutrition.

[0024] The statistical results after the intervention showed that the HbA1c level of the intervention group dropped significantly from 8.5% at baseline to 6.9% (P<0.01), and the fasting blood glucose dropped from 180mg / dL to 110mg / dL (P<0.01). At the same time, the intervention group lost an average of 5kg, and the BMI dropped from 29.0 to 26.2, showing a good weight control effect. At the same time, the patient's insulin resistance index HOMA-IR value dropped from 3.5 to 1.8 (P<0.05), indicating that insulin sensitivity was significantly enhanced.

[0025] More importantly, quality of life assessments showed that the intervention group had significant improvements in their scores on mental health and social functioning, with happiness rising by 20% and anxiety scores falling by 30%.

[0026] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the above embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The application of ketogenic diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly is characterized by: The ketogenic diet works by promoting ketone body production, putting the body into a state of ketosis to improve insulin sensitivity.

2. The use of the ketogenic diet in treating type 2 diabetes in the elderly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The daily carbohydrate intake should not exceed 50 grams.

3. The use of the ketogenic diet in treating type 2 diabetes in the elderly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ketogenic diet reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 c) levels in the short term.

4. The use of the ketogenic diet in treating type 2 diabetes in the elderly according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the body's carbohydrate reserves are exhausted, the fatty acid transport and oxidation system is activated. Fatty acids are transported into the mitochondria and oxidized into pyruvate through a series of complex biochemical reactions. This process is further converted into ketone bodies through metabolic pathways. Ketone bodies are used to replace glucose as an energy substance for tissues such as the brain and muscles.

5. The use of the ketogenic diet in treating type 2 diabetes in the elderly according to claim 4, characterized in that: Ketone bodies are acetoacetate or beta-hydroxybutyrate.