Variable torque turbine drill

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling tools, and provides a variable torque turbine drilling tool which mainly structurally comprises a turbine section and a variable speed section. The turbine stator and the turbine rotor are installed on the turbine shaft in a matched mode, and the turbine section outputs rotating speed and torque. The variable-speed joint changes output of torque and rotating speed according to different working conditions, axial displacement of the variable-speed shaft is changed through movement of the protruding part of the rotating disc on the annular cam, and the purpose of switching of different torques and rotating speeds is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a variable torque turbine drill. Background Art

[0002] A turbodrill is a downhole power drilling tool used in oil and gas drilling operations. Its working principle is to use the kinetic energy of the drilling fluid to drive the turbine motor, thereby generating a certain torque to drive the drill bit for drilling operations. During the drilling process, as the drilling depth increases, the hardness of the formations at different depths varies. The variable torque turbodrill is designed to focus on high-efficiency torque output. When drilling in relatively soft formations, the turbodrill outputs high speed for drilling. When drilling in hard formations, the turbodrill outputs low speed and high torque power, thereby improving drilling efficiency.

[0003] Existing turbodrills have a single function and are mainly divided into two types. One type uses high-speed rock breaking, which will cause the drill to stop rotating under overload conditions; the other type uses a low-speed turbine, which will reduce work efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a variable torque turbodrill to improve drilling efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The variable torque turbine drill comprises a turbine shaft, an upper bearing of a turbine section, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, a turbine sleeve, an upper sealing ring, a lower bearing of a turbine section, an upper sealing ring, a connecting sleeve, a compression spring a, a flat key a, a connecting shaft, a torsion spring, a locking short section a (end cover a, a locking outer cylinder a, a friction block, a compression spring b), a rotating disk bearing, a rotating disk, a circular ring cam, a locking short section (cam block, a locking outer cylinder b, a compression spring c, a displacement block b) b, a thrust bearing a, a baffle, a speed change shaft, a thrust bearing b, a planetary reducer (an outer gear ring, a planetary gear, a sun gear), a synchronizer ring a, a speed change ring, a wedge key, a synchronizer ring b, an output shaft, a flat key b, a drill bit connecting shaft, a lower sealing ring, a lower sleeve, and a lower sealing ring.

[0006] The turbine section includes a turbine sleeve, a turbine shaft, a turbine section upper bearing, a turbine stator, a turbine rotor, an upper sealing ring, a turbine section lower bearing, and an upper sealing ring; The speed change joint includes a connecting sleeve, a compression spring a, a flat key a, a connecting shaft, a torsion spring, a locking short joint a, a rotating disk bearing, a rotating disk, a circular ring cam, a locking short joint b, a thrust bearing a, a baffle, a speed change shaft, a thrust bearing b, a planetary reducer, a synchronizer ring a, a speed change ring, a wedge key, a synchronizer ring b, and an output shaft; The output section includes a drill bit connecting shaft, a lower sealing ring, a lower sleeve, a lower sealing ring, and a flat key b; The turbine sleeve, upper sealing ring, connecting sleeve, lower sealing ring and lower sleeve are connected in sequence; the turbine shaft and connecting shaft a are connected in sequence by flat keys, with a compression spring a placed in the middle; the connecting shaft and the speed change shaft are connected in sequence by torsion springs; the speed change shaft and the speed change ring are connected by wedge keys; the speed change shaft and the output shaft are connected by the cooperation of the synchronizer ring and the speed change ring; the output shaft and the drill bit connecting shaft are connected by flat keys; The turbine sleeve and the connecting sleeve are connected by threads, with an upper sealing ring placed in the middle; the connecting sleeve and the lower sleeve are connected by threads, with an upper sealing ring placed in the middle to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing; The pores of the connecting sleeve are connected to the pores of the lower sleeve, and the drilling fluid flows into the pores of the drill bit connecting shaft through the pores of the lower sleeve, and then flows out through the drill bit connecting shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the turbine stator and the turbine sleeve adopt an interference fit; Furthermore, the turbine stator and turbine rotor are arranged alternately, and the turbine stator and turbine rotor are not in direct contact. Since the turbine stator causes the liquid to impact the rotor in a certain direction and speed, it enters the next round of stators and rotors, and the above process is repeated in sequence until the last set of turbine stators and rotors is reached. In this process, the rotor converts the kinetic energy of the liquid into mechanical energy that drives the drill bit to rotate and break the formation; Furthermore, the turbine section upper bearing and the turbine section lower bearing support the turbine shaft and are fixed by the shaft shoulder. Each bearing must also be well sealed to prevent drilling fluid from entering and aggravating wear. Each bearing ensures that the turbine shaft does not eccentrically rotate and also bears a certain axial load; Furthermore, the turbine shaft and the connecting shaft are connected by a flat key to transmit torque. The upper sealing ring is sealed to prevent drilling fluid from entering the speed change joint, and the drilling fluid flows into the lower sleeve through the pores in the middle of the speed change sleeve; Furthermore, a compression spring is placed between the turbine shaft and the connecting shaft, and a certain gap is left for the displacement generated when the speed change section shifts gears; Furthermore, the connecting shaft and the speed-changing shaft are connected by a torsion spring to generate a certain circumferential displacement and transmit torque, and a locking nipple a is installed inside the connecting shaft to connect the rotating disk when changing speed; Furthermore, there is a certain gap between the rotating disk and the connecting shaft, and the connection is made through a locking nipple a. The rotating disk is fixed to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve through a rotating disk bearing. The rotating disk bearing is fixed through a shaft shoulder; Furthermore, the annular cam is fixed to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve through a locking short section b. A thrust bearing is placed between the annular cam and the baffle to bear the axial load and ensure the normal rotation of the annular cam; Furthermore, the baffle is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting sleeve for positioning and bearing axial load; Furthermore, the left side of the planetary reducer sun gear is fixed to the thrust bearing b to bear the axial load while ensuring the normal rotation of the sun gear. The right side of the planetary reducer sun gear is fixed to the synchronizer ring a by welding to ensure that the torque output by the speed change shaft is transmitted to the sun gear. There is no connection between the planetary reducer sun gear and the speed change shaft, and there is a certain gap; Furthermore, the speed change ring and the speed change shaft are connected by a wedge key, which is used to transmit torque and also bear the axial load generated during speed change; Furthermore, the synchronizer ring b is connected to the output shaft by welding, so as to transmit the torque output by the speed change shaft to the output shaft; Furthermore, the drill bit connecting shaft and the output shaft are connected by a flat key. The lower sealing ring is located adjacent to the drill bit connecting shaft and the lower sleeve, and is used to block the drilling fluid from entering the speed change part.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: The variable torque turbodrill in the present invention mainly includes a turbine section and a speed change section. The turbine section can output high-speed mechanical energy with a certain torque through the tangential jet action of the multi-stage turbine rotor. Different from traditional turbodrills, the present invention changes the gear position through a speed change joint, so that the drill bit can flexibly change the torque and speed according to the characteristics of the rock formation, thereby improving drilling efficiency and reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to clearly illustrate the examples and specific working principles of the present invention, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments: Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of turbine stator blades and turbine rotor blades in the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a locking nipple a in a variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speed change shaft in the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating disk in the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular cam in the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a synchronous ring in a variable torque turbodrill of the present invention; Figure 8It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speed change ring in the variable torque turbodrill of the present invention.

[0010] Description of reference numerals: 1. turbine section upper bearing; 2. turbine shaft; 3. turbine sleeve; 4. turbine stator; 5. turbine section lower bearing; 6. turbine rotor; 7. compression spring a; 8. upper sealing ring; 9. flat key a; 10. connecting shaft; 11. torsion spring; 12. upper sealing ring; 13. rotating disk; 14. rotating disk bearing; 15. locking short section b; 1501. displacement block; 1502. locking sleeve b; 1503. compression spring c; 1504. cam block; 16. locking short section a; 16 01. Friction block; 1602. Locking outer cylinder a; 1603. Compression spring b; 1604. End cover a; 17. Speed ​​change shaft; 18. Thrust bearing a; 19. Ring cam; 20. Thrust bearing b; 21. Baffle; 22. Connecting sleeve; 23. Planetary reducer; 24. Speed ​​change ring; 25. Synchronizing ring a; 26. Output shaft; 27. Wedge key; 28. Flat key b; 29. ​​Synchronizing ring b; 30. Drill bit connecting shaft; 31. Lower sealing ring; 32. Lower sleeve; 33. Lower sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a variable torque turbine drill, which generates torque through the turbine joint and is input to the variable speed joint through the connecting shaft 10 for output. A compression spring a is installed at the connection between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10, and there is a certain gap for the axial displacement generated when the torque is changed. The turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10 are connected by a flat key a and transmit torque. The upper sealing ring 12 is located between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting sleeve 22, and is used to prevent drilling fluid from flowing into the variable speed joint; At the connection between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17, a torsion spring 11 is installed, which is used to connect the two shafts, transmit torque, and change the relative displacement of the two shafts, thereby driving the locking short section a16 to contact the rotating disk 13, and then causing the rotating disk 13 and the annular cam 19 to produce axial displacement, thereby pushing the speed change ring 24 to connect with the synchronizer ring a25, and changing the output torque through the planetary reducer 23, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the torque; The speed change shaft 17 is connected to the output shaft 26 through the speed change ring 24 and the synchronizer ring a25 or the synchronizer ring b29. When the speed change ring 24 is matched with the synchronizer ring a25 on the left, it outputs low speed and high torque through the planetary reducer 23 to the output shaft; when the speed change ring 24 is matched with the synchronizer ring b29 on the right, it outputs high speed and low torque; The output shaft 26 is connected to the drill bit connecting shaft 30 through a flat key b28 and transmits torque. The lower sealing ring 33 is located adjacent to the drill bit connecting shaft 30 and the lower sleeve 32 to prevent drilling fluid from entering the speed change joint.

[0013] The drilling fluid passes through the turbine stator 4 so that the drilling fluid impacts the turbine rotor (such as Figure 2 After the torque driving the turbine shaft 2 to rotate is generated, the fluid flows into the pores of the connecting sleeve 22 through the lower part of the turbine sleeve 3. The connecting sleeve 22 has four equidistant pores for conveying drilling fluid. The turbine sleeve 3 and the connecting sleeve 22 are connected by threads and an upper sealing ring 8 is placed to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing. The lower sleeve 32 is threadedly connected to the connecting sleeve 22, and a lower sealing ring 31 is placed to prevent the drilling fluid from overflowing. There are four holes inside the lower sleeve 32, and the drilling fluid flows into the drill bit connecting shaft 30 through the flow channel of the lower sleeve 32, thereby outputting the drilling fluid.

[0014] The specific working principle of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention: When the external formation is relatively soft, the resistance of the drill bit to breaking the rock is less than or equal to the force output by the turbodrill, and there is no need to output high torque and speed. The drill bit can perform high-speed cutting to speed up drilling efficiency. Figure 1 The specific implementation technology is as follows: the torque is transmitted to the connecting shaft 10 through the turbine shaft 2. At this time, the compression spring a is not in working state, there is no compression, and there is a certain compression space between the turbine shaft 2 and the connecting shaft 10. There is a certain gap between the rotating disk 13 and the connecting shaft 10, and there is no fit; The torsion spring 11 between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed-changing shaft 17 only plays the role of transmitting torque, because the torque transmitted by the connecting shaft 10 is not enough to deform the torsion spring 11, so that the connecting shaft 11 and the speed-changing shaft 17 cannot produce relative displacement, and the locking short section a16 cannot work; At this time, the annular cam 19 is connected to the connecting sleeve 22 through the locking short section b15, please refer to Figure 6 , the protruding portion of the displacement block b1501 is embedded into the recessed portion of the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 22, thereby fixing the annular cam 19; There is a gap between the sun gear and the speed change shaft 17 in the planetary reducer 23, and there is no fit. The synchronizer ring b29 is welded to the output shaft 26, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8At this time, the speed change ring 24 cooperates with the synchronizer ring b29, and the speed change ring 24 is connected to the speed change shaft 17 through the wedge key 27, so that the torque is transmitted from the speed change shaft 17 to the output shaft 26 to achieve high-speed torque output.

[0015] When the drill bit is drilling in a hard formation, the resistance to rock breaking encountered by the drill bit is greater than the force output by the turbodrill, and the torque required by the drill bit increases. At this time, the torque output by the turbine shaft 2 is sufficient to deform the torsion spring 11, causing the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17 to produce circumferential displacement. Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The speed change shaft 17 is processed with irregular protrusions. When the two shafts have a certain relative displacement, these protrusions move to the lower part of the locking short section a16, so that the friction block 1601 extends outward and contacts the rotating disk 13, driving it to rotate. The connecting shaft 10 and the locking short section a16 are fixed by threaded connection; Please refer to Figure 5 The raised part on the rotating disk 13 rotates and moves to the highest point of the annular cam 19 to produce axial displacement. Please refer to Figure 6 There is a blockage at the highest point of the annular cam 19. After the raised part of the rotating disk 13 moves to the cam block 1503 and encounters a blockage, the cam block 1503 is driven to move in a circumferential direction. The cam block 1503 moves to the right, causing the compression spring c1504 to compress to the right, driving the displacement block 1501 to move downward, canceling the connection with the connecting sleeve 22 and driving the entire annular cam 19 to rotate; When the rotating disk 13 moves to the highest point of the annular cam 19, an axial displacement will occur, which will cause the speed change ring 24 to break away from the connection with the synchronizer ring b29 and move to the left to connect with the synchronizer ring a25. For the specific structure of the synchronizer ring a25, please refer to Figure 7 At the same time, due to the axial displacement to the left between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17, the compression spring a will be compressed, and there is enough compression space at the connection between the connecting shaft 10 and the turbine shaft 2 to accommodate the axial displacement generated during the gear shift; The synchronizer ring a25 is connected to the sun gear in the planetary reducer 23 by welding, so as to transmit the torque to the planetary reducer 23, reduce the rotation speed and output a large torque to the output shaft 26, thereby achieving the purpose of outputting a large torque.

[0016] When the drill bit resumes drilling in the soft formation, the resistance encountered by the drill bit in breaking the rock is less than or equal to the force output by the turbodrill, and the torque required by the drill bit is reduced, so that the torsion spring 11 at the connecting shaft 10 recovers its deformation, the relative circumferential displacement between the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17 disappears, the raised part of the speed change shaft 17 loses contact with the friction block 1601 in the locking short section a16, the compression spring b1604 recovers its deformation to make the friction block 1601 lose contact with the rotating disk 13, and the compression spring c1503 on the annular cam 19 recovers its deformation, so that the displacement block 1503 moves to the left, pushing the displacement block 1501 to move upward, and re-contacting with the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 22 to be fixed; Since the locking short section a16 is not in contact with the rotating disk 13, the connecting shaft 10 is not connected to the rotating disk 13, and the compression spring a7 recovers its deformation, pushing the connecting shaft 10 and the speed change shaft 17 to move to the right. At this time, the speed change ring 24 and the synchronizer ring b29 are reconnected, and the high speed and low torque state are restored to drive the drill bit for high-speed drilling.

[0017] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0018] The present specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable torque turbodrill, comprising a turbine section, a speed change section and an output section: The turbine section comprises a turbine section upper bearing (1), a turbine shaft (2), a turbine sleeve (3), a turbine stator (4), a turbine section lower bearing (5), a turbine rotor (6), an upper sealing ring (8), and an upper sealing ring (12); The speed change joint comprises a connecting compression spring a (7), a flat key a (9), a connecting shaft (10), a torsion spring (11), a rotating disk (13), a rotating disk bearing (14), a locking short joint b (15), a displacement block (1501), a locking sleeve b (1502), a compression spring c (1503), a cam block (1504), a locking short joint a (16), a friction block (1601), a locking outer cylinder a (1602), a compression spring b (1603), an end cover a (1604), a speed change shaft (17), a thrust bearing a (18), a circular ring cam (19), a thrust bearing b (20), a baffle (21), a connecting sleeve (22), a planetary reducer (23), a speed change ring (24), a synchronization ring a (25), an output shaft (26), a wedge key (27), and a synchronization ring b (29); The output section comprises a flat key b (28), a drill bit connecting shaft (30), a lower sealing ring (31), a lower sleeve (32), and a lower sealing ring (33); Features: The turbine stator (4) and the turbine rotor (6) generate torque after being flushed by drilling fluid, and the torque is output from the turbine shaft (2) to the connecting shaft (10); When the drill bit is drilling in a soft formation, the torque required by the drill bit is less than or equal to the output torque of the turbine drill. At this time, the force transmitted to the speed change shaft (17) through the connecting shaft (10) is small and insufficient to deform the torsion spring (11) located between the two. The torsion spring (11) is only used to transmit torque. The compression spring a (7) between the turbine shaft (2) and the connecting shaft (10) is not compressed. The speed change ring (24) on the speed change shaft (17) cooperates with the synchronization ring b (29) connected to the right output shaft to output the torque from the speed change shaft (17) to the output shaft (26), and then to the drill bit connecting shaft (30). When the drill bit is drilling in a hard formation, the torque required by the drill bit is greater than the output torque of the turbodrill. At this time, the force transmitted to the speed change shaft (17) through the connecting shaft (10) increases, causing the torsion spring (11) located between the two to deform, causing the connecting shaft (10) and the speed change shaft (17) to produce corresponding circumferential displacement, thereby causing the raised portion on the speed change shaft (17) to move to the bottom of the locking short section a (16) on the connecting shaft (10), contact with the friction block (1601) and produce an upward displacement, causing the friction block (1601) to contact the rotating disk (13) and drive it to rotate, causing the raised portion on the rotating disk (13) to move downward. When the extended portion moves to the highest point of the annular cam (19), the cam block (1504) on the annular cam (19) can move circumferentially. The cam block (1504) is forced to move so that the displacement block (1501) in the locking short section b (15) on the annular cam (19) is separated from the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22). At the same time, the relative movement of the rotating disk (13) and the annular cam (19) will produce a circumferential displacement to the left, so that the speed change ring (24) is separated from the contact with the synchronous ring b (29) and contacts with the synchronous ring a (25), driving the planetary reducer (23) to move, thereby outputting a large torque speed.

2. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output of torque and speed can be flexibly adjusted through the speed change section according to different working conditions to improve drilling efficiency.

3. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting sleeve (22) and the lower sleeve (32) are provided with four flow channels which are equally spaced, and the drilling fluid flows out to the drill bit connecting shaft (30) through the flow channels.

4. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating disk (13) rotates to the highest point of the annular cam (19), generates a leftward axial displacement, drives the speed change ring (24) to cooperate with the synchronous ring a (25), and realizes a large torque output; The rotating disk bearing (14) is fixed via a shaft shoulder, so that the rotating disk (13) can work and position normally.

5. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 4, characterized in that: The speed change ring (24) is matched with the synchronization ring a (25) or the synchronization ring b (29) by axial displacement of the speed change shaft (17), thereby realizing the switching of gear positions; The compression spring a(7) is used to disengage the speed change ring (24) from the synchronization ring a(25), and to make the speed change ring (24) match with the synchronization ring b(29) by restoring the axial displacement generated by the deformation.

6. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: The friction block (1601) in the locking short section a (16) contacts the raised portion on the speed change shaft (17), so that the friction block (1601) moves upward and contacts the rotating disk (13), thereby driving the rotating disk (13) to rotate; When the friction block (1601) loses contact with the raised portion of the speed change shaft (17), the compression spring b (1603) recovers its deformation, causing the friction block (1601) to move downward and break away from contact with the rotating disk (13).

7. The variable torque turbodrill according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the annular cam (19) is in operation, the compression spring c (1503) in the locking short section b (15) is in a compressed state, the cam block (1504) moves rightward, causing the displacement block (1501) to move downward and break away from the contact with the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22), and the annular cam (19) starts to rotate; when the annular cam (19) is not in an operating state, the compression spring c (1503) in the locking short section b (15) restores its deformation, pushing the cam block (1504) to move leftward, thereby driving the displacement block (1501) to move upward and contact the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (22) again, and the annular cam (19) is fixed again; The thrust bearing a (18) and the thrust bearing b (20) can respectively prevent the annular cam (19) and the sun gear from directly contacting the baffle plate (21) during operation, thereby preventing them from working normally, while also bearing a certain axial force.

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