Chip quantum random number generator for directly detecting vacuum state

Abstract

The invention discloses a chip quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state, which comprises an optical chip and an electrical chip, the optical chip is integrated by a laser light source and a photoelectric detector, and the electrical chip is integrated by a data sampling circuit and a digital signal processing circuit; a laser light source emits a local oscillation light signal, the local oscillation light signal is input to a photoelectric detector, the detection efficiency of the photoelectric detector is set to be eta, it is equivalent that local oscillation light and a vacuum state are coupled through a light beam splitter with the transmissivity being eta, and the coupled output signal is detected by the photoelectric detector with the efficiency being 100%; the photoelectric detector converts optical signals with vacuum fluctuation into random electric signals and inputs the random electric signals into the data sampling circuit, the data sampling circuit conducts discretization sampling on the received signals to obtain an initial random sequence, entropy evaluation and randomness extraction are conducted on the initial random sequence through the digital signal processing circuit, and a final random sequence is output. By the adoption of the structural design, the difficulty of integrated design and the manufacturing cost are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of quantum random number generators, and in particular to a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state. Background Art

[0002] Random numbers are widely used in many fields such as statistical sampling, numerical simulation and cryptography. Based on different generation principles, random numbers can be divided into pseudo-random numbers and true random numbers. Pseudo-random numbers are generated based on the initial seed combined with a deterministic algorithm, with a certain repetition period, and are not completely suitable for application scenarios with high requirements for unpredictability, such as cryptography, information security and other important fields. The Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) extracts randomness from quantum physics processes and can generate truly unpredictable and non-replicable random numbers based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. It is currently the random number generation technology that is closest to ideal true randomness.

[0003] Based on different measurement dimensions, QRNG is mainly divided into two categories: discrete and continuous. The random number generation rate of discrete QRNG is limited by factors such as the dead time, afterpulse, and time jitter of the single-photon detector. Currently, the fastest rate can reach 100Mbps. In contrast, continuous QRNG has obvious advantages in generation rate, which can currently reach 100Gbps. Representative solutions include: measuring laser phase noise, measuring amplified spontaneous radiation noise, and measuring vacuum fluctuation noise.

[0004] At present, most continuous variable QRNG schemes generally rely on expensive optical or electrical equipment, and have disadvantages such as complex system structure, large size and high cost. In order to realize the large-scale practical application of QRNG, integration and chipization are its inevitable development trend. Among them, the QRNG scheme for measuring laser phase noise generates random sequences by detecting and extracting the random phase noise of the laser light field. It has a high generation rate and significant quantum effect. However, this scheme generally requires the construction of an unequal arm interference optical path with phase-stable feedback control or the design of a high-speed narrow pulse drive circuit. The system structure is complex and the cost is high, which is not conducive to chip integration. The QRNG scheme for measuring amplified spontaneous radiation noise obtains random sequences by direct photoelectric detection of the amplified spontaneous radiation light field. It has a simple structure and a high generation rate, but this scheme currently lacks a chip integration design scheme. The current QRNG scheme for measuring vacuum fluctuation noise uses balanced homodyne detection between the local oscillator light and the vacuum state. It has a high random number generation rate and a complete security theoretical model. However, the current mainstream scheme requires the use of a highly balanced homodyne detector. It is challenging to achieve high detection bandwidth and balance in actual chip integrated components. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the problems of the prior art and disclose a chip-based quantum random number generator that directly detects the vacuum state. This application realizes direct measurement of vacuum fluctuation noise based on a single photodetector. Compared with the existing observation method based on a balanced homodyne detector, it has a simple structure and a high generation rate, which effectively reduces the difficulty of integrated design and manufacturing cost. It realizes the overall chip integration of components such as laser light source, photodetection, data sampling and digital signal processing.

[0006] The purpose of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state, the chip-based quantum random number generator comprising: an optical chip and an electrical chip,

[0008] The optical chip is integrated with a laser light source and a photodetector, and the electrical chip is integrated with a data sampling circuit and a digital signal processing circuit;

[0009] The laser light source emits a local oscillation light signal, which is input into a photodetector. Assuming the detection efficiency of the photodetector is η, it is equivalent to coupling the local oscillation light with the vacuum state through an optical beam splitter with a transmittance of η, and the coupled output signal is detected by a photodetector with an efficiency of 100%;

[0010] The photodetector converts the optical signal with vacuum fluctuations into a random electrical signal and inputs it into the data sampling circuit. The data sampling circuit discretizes the received signal to obtain an initial random sequence, and performs entropy evaluation and randomness extraction on the initial random sequence through the digital signal processing circuit to output the final random sequence.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the workflow of the chip-based quantum random number generator includes:

[0012] a. The laser light source emits a beam of light signal as the local oscillator light;

[0013] b. The photodetector converts the received light signal into a photocurrent signal;

[0014] e. The data sampling circuit discretizes and samples the random voltage signal containing vacuum fluctuation noise to obtain an initial random sequence;

[0015] f. The digital signal processing circuit performs entropy evaluation and digital filtering on the initial random sequence, wherein the entropy evaluation process includes:

[0016]

[0017] Where R represents the sampling range of the data sampling circuit, d = 2 n , n is the number of sampling bits of the data sampling circuit, represents the standard deviation of the measurement results under limited detection bandwidth detection, η is the detection efficiency of the photoelectric detection chip, and P represents the probability that the detection data falls within the range of the data sampling circuit;

[0018] g. The digital signal processing circuit extracts randomness based on the entropy value calculation results to obtain the final random sequence.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, when an amplifier circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the method further includes the following steps after step b:

[0020] c. The amplifier circuit amplifies the output signal of the photodetector into a voltage signal of a preset amplitude.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, when a high-pass analog filter circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the steps between step c and step e further include: d. filtering out low-frequency noise signals based on the high-pass analog filter circuit.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD, and the electrical chip mainly includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a high-pass analog filter circuit HPF, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA.

[0023] The laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillator light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure;

[0024] The electrical chip includes: an amplifier AMP, a high-pass analog filter HPF, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and a programmable logic gate array FPGA. The electrical chip is integrated with an AMP chip, an HPF chip, an ADC chip, and an FPGA chip, or a dedicated ASIC circuit is integrated to realize amplification, analog filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and randomness extraction;

[0025] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technology, and ultimately form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD, and the electrical chip mainly includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA, wherein the real-time digital filtering and randomness extraction functions are realized by the FPGA;

[0027] The laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillator light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure;

[0028] The electrical chip is realized by integrating an AMP chip, an ADC chip and an FPGA chip, or by using a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction;

[0029] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technology, and ultimately form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD based on an SOI silicon-based platform; the electrical chip includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA;

[0031] The optical chip uses a heterogeneous integration method to integrate the laser Laser manufactured on the InP platform and the photodetector PD based on the SOI silicon platform at the chip level through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth, and optically couples through the microlens group Lens to achieve photocurrent signal output;

[0032] The electrical chip is realized by integrating an AMP chip, an ADC chip and an FPGA chip, or by using a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction;

[0033] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0034] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens, a multi-mode interferometer MMI based on an SOI silicon-based platform, a first photodetection chip PD1, and a second photodetection chip PD2;

[0035] The electrical chip mainly includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA.

[0036] The optical chip part adopts a heterogeneous integration method to integrate the laser light source chip Laser based on the InP platform, the multi-mode interferometer MMI based on the SOI silicon platform, the first photodetection chip PD1 and the second photodetection chip PD2 through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth to achieve chip-level integration, and optical coupling is performed through the microlens group Lens to achieve parallel output of two photocurrent signals;

[0037] The electrical chip is realized by integrating AMP chip, dual-channel ADC chip and FPGA chip, or directly integrating with dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction;

[0038] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technology, and ultimately form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a multi-mode interferometer MMI, a first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, a second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, a first photodetection chip PD1 and a second photodetection chip PD2;

[0040] The electrical chip includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA;

[0041] The optical chip is based on the InP platform to photon-integrate the laser light source Laser, the multi-mode interferometer MMI, the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, the first photoelectric detection chip PD1 and the second electro-absorption modulator PD2, wherein the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1 and the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2 are used to realize the power regulation of the two-way output optical signal;

[0042] The electrical chip is realized by integrating AMP chip, dual-channel ADC chip and FPGA chip, or directly integrating with dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction;

[0043] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technology, and ultimately form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0044] The aforementioned main scheme of the present application and its further options can be freely combined to form multiple schemes, all of which are schemes that can be adopted and claimed for protection in the present application. After understanding the scheme of the present application, those skilled in the art can understand that there are multiple combinations based on the prior art and common knowledge, all of which are technical schemes to be protected by the present application, and they are not exhaustively listed here.

[0045] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0046] This application aims to achieve high detection bandwidth and balance at the same time when integrating the current mainstream QRNG scheme for measuring vacuum state into a chip, which is challenging. A high-speed quantum random number generator chip design technology based on direct detection of vacuum state by photodetectors is proposed, which realizes the overall chip integration of components such as laser light source, photodetection, data sampling and digital signal processing. This application realizes the direct measurement of vacuum fluctuation noise based on a single photodetector. Compared with the existing observation method based on balanced homodyne detector, it has a simple structure and high generation rate, which effectively reduces the difficulty of integrated design and manufacturing cost. In addition, the use of optoelectronic integrated packaging can realize the integrated design of corresponding optical components and electrical components, which can greatly reduce the overall size of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator that directly detects the vacuum state;

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator corresponding to Example 1;

[0049] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator corresponding to Example 2;

[0050] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator corresponding to Example 3;

[0051] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator corresponding to Example 4;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip-based quantum random number generator corresponding to Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0054] It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0056] In addition, the present application would like to point out that, in the present application, unless the specific structure, connection relationship, positional relationship, power source relationship, etc. are specifically written out, the structure, connection relationship, positional relationship, power source relationship, etc. involved in the present application are all known by those skilled in the art on the basis of the prior art without creative work.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present application discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting the vacuum state, and the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip, and the two are optoelectronically integrated and packaged to realize a fully functional quantum random number generator chip. Among them, the optical chip part is integrated by a laser light source and a photodetector; the electrical chip part is integrated by a data sampling circuit and a digital signal processing circuit.

[0058] Specifically, the laser light source emits a local oscillator light signal, which is input into a single photodetector. Assuming the detection efficiency of the photodetector is η, this process is completely equivalent to the coupling of the local oscillator light and the vacuum state through a beam splitter with a transmittance of η in the mathematical and physical model, and the coupled output signal is detected by a photodetector with an efficiency of 100%.

[0059] The photodetector converts the optical signal with vacuum fluctuations into a random electrical signal and inputs it into the data sampling circuit. The data sampling circuit discretizes the signal to obtain an initial random sequence, and further performs entropy evaluation and randomness extraction on the initial random sequence through the digital signal processing circuit to output the final random sequence.

[0060] Preferably, the workflow of the chip-based quantum random number generator includes:

[0061] a. The laser light source emits a beam of light signal as the local oscillator light;

[0062] b. The photodetector converts the received light signal into a photocurrent signal;

[0063] e. The data sampling circuit discretizes and samples the random voltage signal containing vacuum fluctuation noise to obtain an initial random sequence;

[0064] f. The digital signal processing circuit performs entropy evaluation and digital filtering on the initial random sequence, wherein the entropy evaluation process includes:

[0065]

[0066] Where R represents the sampling range of the data sampling circuit, d = 2 n , n is the number of sampling bits of the data sampling circuit, represents the standard deviation of the measurement results under limited detection bandwidth detection, η is the detection efficiency of the photoelectric detection chip, and P represents the probability that the detection data falls within the range of the data sampling circuit;

[0067] g. The digital signal processing circuit extracts randomness based on the entropy value calculation results to obtain the final random sequence.

[0068] Furthermore, when an amplifier circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the step b may further include:

[0069] c. The amplifier circuit amplifies the output signal of the photodetector into a voltage signal of a preset amplitude.

[0070] Furthermore, when a high-pass analog filter circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the steps between step c and step e further include: d. filtering out low-frequency noise signals based on the high-pass analog filter circuit.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] refer to Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state, and the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip.

[0073] Preferably, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photodetection chip PD. The laser light source Laser can be a vertical cavity surface emitting laser die or a distributed feedback laser die; the photodetection PD can be a photodetector die with low dark current, high bandwidth and high responsiveness.

[0074] Preferably, the electrical chip mainly includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a high-pass analog filter circuit HPF, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA.

[0075] Among them, the laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillation light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure.

[0076] Preferably, the electrical chip includes: an amplifier AMP, a high-pass analog filter HPF, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and a programmable logic gate array FPGA. The electrical chip can be directly integrated with a general chip (AMP chip, HPF chip, ADC chip, and FPGA chip), or integrated with a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and randomness extraction functions. The above optical chip and electrical chip can be hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technologies such as wire bonding and system-level packaging, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] refer to Figure 3 As shown, based on Example 1, a digital filtering method is used to further simplify the system structure. This embodiment discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state, and the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip.

[0079] Preferably, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD, and the electrical chip mainly includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA, wherein real-time digital filtering and randomness extraction functions are realized by FPGA.

[0080] The laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillator light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure;

[0081] The electrical chip is realized by integrating an AMP chip, an ADC chip and an FPGA chip, or by using a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction;

[0082] The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technology, and ultimately form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] refer to Figure 4 As shown, based on Example 2, the optical chip part can adopt a heterogeneous integration method. This embodiment discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state, and the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip.

[0085] Preferably, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD based on an SOI silicon-based platform; the electrical chip includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA.

[0086] Among them, the optical chip adopts a heterogeneous integration method to integrate the laser Laser manufactured on the InP platform and the photodetector PD based on the SOI silicon-based platform at the chip level through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth, micron-level assembly and other technologies, and optically couples through the microlens group Lens to realize photocurrent signal output.

[0087] Preferably, the electrical chip can still be directly integrated through general chips (AMP chips, ADC chips and FPGA chips), or directly integrated using dedicated ASIC circuits to achieve amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction functions; the above-mentioned optical chips and electrical chips can be hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technologies such as wire bonding and system-level packaging, and ultimately constitute the quantum random number generator chip.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] refer to Figure 5 As shown, on the basis of Example 3, in order to further improve the random number generation rate, the local oscillator light signal is split into two paths, and two parallel photocurrent signals are output through the photodetector detection, amplified by the amplifier, and parallel discrete conversion and serial output are performed through a dual-channel data sampling circuit (ADC), and finally the final random sequence is obtained after digital filtering and randomness extraction through a programmable logic gate array (FPGA).

[0090] This embodiment discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting a vacuum state. The chip-based quantum random number generator includes an optical chip and an electrical chip.

[0091] Preferably, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens, a multi-mode interferometer MMI based on an SOI silicon-based platform, a first photodetection chip PD1 and a second photodetection chip PD2; the electrical chip mainly includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA.

[0092] Furthermore, the optical chip part adopts a heterogeneous integration method to integrate the laser light source chip Laser based on the InP platform, the multi-mode interferometer MMI based on the SOI silicon-based platform, the first photodetection chip PD1 and the second photodetection chip PD2 at the chip level through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth, micron-level assembly and other technologies, and optically couples through the microlens group Lens to achieve parallel output of two photocurrent signals.

[0093] The electrical chip can be directly integrated through general-purpose chips (AMP chips, dual-channel ADC chips and FPGA chips), or directly integrated using dedicated ASIC circuits to achieve amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction functions; the above-mentioned optical chips and electrical chips can be hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technologies such as wire bonding and system-level packaging, ultimately forming a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0094] Example 5

[0095] refer to Figure 6 As shown, based on Example 4, all functional devices of the optical chip are photon integrated based on the InP platform to further improve the stability of the system. This embodiment discloses a chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting the vacuum state, and the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip.

[0096] Preferably, the optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a multi-mode interferometer MMI, a first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, a second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, a first photodetection chip PD1 and a second photodetection chip PD2; the electrical chip includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA;

[0097] The optical chip is based on the InP platform to photon-integrate the laser light source Laser, the multi-mode interferometer MMI, the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, the first photoelectric detection chip PD1 and the second photoelectric detection chip PD2, wherein the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1 and the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2 are used to realize the power regulation of the two-way output optical signal;

[0098] The electrical chip can be directly integrated through general-purpose chips (AMP chips, dual-channel ADC chips and FPGA chips), or directly integrated using dedicated ASIC circuits to achieve amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction functions; the above-mentioned optical chips and electrical chips can be hybrid packaged using optoelectronic integration technologies such as wire bonding and system-level packaging, ultimately forming a complete quantum random number generator chip.

[0099] This application aims to achieve high detection bandwidth and balance at the same time when integrating the current mainstream QRNG scheme for measuring vacuum state into a chip, which is challenging. A high-speed quantum random number generator chip design technology based on direct detection of vacuum state by photodetectors is proposed, which realizes the overall chip integration of components such as laser light source, photodetection, data sampling and digital signal processing. This application realizes the direct measurement of vacuum fluctuation noise based on a single photodetector. Compared with the existing observation method based on balanced homodyne detector, it has a simple structure and high generation rate, which effectively reduces the difficulty of integrated design and manufacturing cost. In addition, the use of optoelectronic integrated packaging can realize the integrated design of corresponding optical components and electrical components, which can greatly reduce the overall size of the system.

[0100] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A chip-based quantum random number generator for directly detecting vacuum states, characterized in that: The chip-based quantum random number generator includes: an optical chip and an electrical chip, The optical chip is integrated with a laser light source and a photodetector, and the electrical chip is integrated with a data sampling circuit and a digital signal processing circuit; The laser light source emits a local oscillation light signal, which is input into a photodetector. Assuming the detection efficiency of the photodetector is η, it is equivalent to coupling the local oscillation light with the vacuum state through an optical beam splitter with a transmittance of η, and the coupled output signal is detected by a photodetector with an efficiency of 100%; The photodetector converts the optical signal with vacuum fluctuations into a random electrical signal and inputs it into the data sampling circuit. The data sampling circuit discretizes the received signal to obtain an initial random sequence, and performs entropy evaluation and randomness extraction on the initial random sequence through the digital signal processing circuit to output the final random sequence.

2. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workflow of the chip-based quantum random number generator includes: a. The laser light source emits a beam of light signal as the local oscillator light; b. The photodetector converts the received light signal into a photocurrent signal; e. The data sampling circuit discretizes and samples the random voltage signal containing vacuum fluctuation noise to obtain an initial random sequence; f. The digital signal processing circuit performs entropy evaluation and digital filtering on the initial random sequence, wherein the entropy evaluation process includes: Where R represents the sampling range of the data sampling circuit, d = 2 n , n is the number of sampling bits of the data sampling circuit, represents the standard deviation of the measurement results under limited detection bandwidth detection, η represents the detection efficiency of the photoelectric detection chip, and P represents the probability that the detection data falls within the range of the data sampling circuit; g. The digital signal processing circuit extracts randomness based on the entropy value calculation result to obtain the final random sequence.

3. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: When an amplifier circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the method further includes: c. The amplifier circuit amplifies the output signal of the photodetector into a voltage signal of a preset amplitude.

4. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: When a high-pass analog filter circuit is provided in the electrical chip, the steps between step c and step e further include: d. filtering out low-frequency noise signals based on the high-pass analog filter circuit.

5. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD, and the electrical chip includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a high-pass analog filter circuit HPF, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA. The laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillator light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure; The electrical chip includes: an amplifier AMP, a high-pass analog filter HPF, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and a programmable logic gate array FPGA. The electrical chip is integrated with an AMP chip, an HPF chip, an ADC chip, and an FPGA chip, or a dedicated ASIC circuit is integrated to realize amplification, analog filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, and randomness extraction; The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

6. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD, and the electrical chip includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA, wherein the real-time digital filtering and randomness extraction functions are realized by the FPGA; The laser light source chip Laser, the microlens group Lens and the photoelectric detection chip PD are integrated on the optical chip through hybridization, and the local oscillator light signal emitted by the laser light source chip Laser is coupled to the photoelectric detection device through the lens group Lens and the auxiliary alignment structure; The electrical chip is realized by integrating an AMP chip, an ADC chip and an FPGA chip, or by using a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction; The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

7. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens and a photoelectric detection chip PD based on an SOI silicon-based platform; the electrical chip includes an amplifier circuit AMP, a data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA; The optical chip uses a heterogeneous integration method to integrate the laser Laser manufactured on the InP platform and the photodetector PD based on the SOI silicon platform at the chip level through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth, and optically couples through the microlens group Lens to achieve photocurrent signal output; The electrical chip is realized by integrating an AMP chip, an ADC chip and an FPGA chip, or by using a dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction; The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

8. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a microlens group Lens, a multi-mode interferometer MMI based on an SOI silicon-based platform, a first photodetection chip PD1, and a second photodetection chip PD2; The electrical chip includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA; The optical chip adopts a heterogeneous integration method to integrate a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a multi-mode interferometer MMI based on an SOI silicon-based platform, a first photodetection chip PD1 and a second photodetection chip PD2 at the chip level through monolithic heteroepitaxial growth, and optically couples through a microlens group Lens to achieve parallel output of two photocurrent signals; The electrical chip is realized by integrating AMP chip, dual-channel ADC chip and FPGA chip, or directly integrating with dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction; The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

9. The chip-based quantum random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical chip includes a laser light source chip Laser based on an InP platform, a multi-mode interferometer MMI, a first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, a second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, a first photodetection chip PD1 and a second photodetection chip PD2; The electrical chip includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1, a second amplifier circuit AMP2, a dual-channel data sampling circuit ADC and a programmable logic gate array FPGA; The optical chip is based on the InP platform to photon-integrate the laser light source Laser, the multi-mode interferometer MMI, the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1, the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2, the first photoelectric detection chip PD1 and the second electro-absorption modulator PD2, wherein the first electro-absorption modulator EAM1 and the second electro-absorption modulator EAM2 are used to realize the power regulation of the two-way output optical signal; The electrical chip is realized by integrating AMP chip, dual-channel ADC chip and FPGA chip, or directly integrating with dedicated ASIC circuit to realize amplification, dual-channel analog-to-digital conversion, digital filtering and randomness extraction; The optical chip and the electrical chip are hybrid packaged by using a photoelectric integration method, and finally form a complete quantum random number generator chip.

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