Greenhouse internal environment monitoring system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse internal environment monitoring system based on Internet of Things, which comprises an Internet of Things main system module, a negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module, a carbon dioxide generator and a central air conditioner, and is characterized in that the Internet of Things main system module comprises a sensing system module and an application system module; the negative-pressure fan internet-of-things control module comprises a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem, the hardware subsystem is used for collecting and controlling environment data of a greenhouse, the software subsystem is used for storing, analyzing and optimizing the environment data of the greenhouse, and the data display function is used for displaying the data analyzed and optimized by the software subsystem into a database; and displaying in real time in the intuitive form of a histogram and a bar chart. According to the system, the environment of the greenhouse can be monitored and intelligently controlled in a frequency conversion mode, the air flow is intelligently controlled, energy consumption can be reduced, the number and quality of crops can be improved, and meanwhile the intelligence of the system, the environment quality in the greenhouse and the growth effect of the crops are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent temperature control systems, and in particular to an Internet of Things-based greenhouse environment monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] The cooling system for agricultural greenhouses primarily consists of negative pressure fans, wet curtains, a water circulation system, and a control system. Water is sprayed from top to bottom across the wet curtain paper, forming a film on the paper. The fan then exhausts air outward, creating a negative pressure inside the greenhouse, forcing outdoor air into the room through the wet curtain. Water flows from top to bottom through the wet curtain, coming into contact with the air on its surface. Water evaporates from the wet curtain surface, absorbing the air's heat and humidity to achieve the goal of cooling and humidifying the air. Existing negative pressure fans are difficult to precisely control the airflow, which can lead to uneven air distribution within the greenhouse, impacting the plant growth environment. Excessive airflow can increase energy consumption, while too little airflow may not provide adequate ventilation and temperature control, impacting agricultural production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problems of the existing technology that the air flow is difficult to accurately control and the gas distribution in the greenhouse is uneven, a greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things is provided.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An Internet of Things-based greenhouse environment monitoring system includes an Internet of Things main system module, a negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module, a carbon dioxide generator, and a central air conditioner. The Internet of Things main system module includes a perception system module and an application system module. The perception system module includes an air temperature and humidity monitoring module and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module. The application system module includes a data display module and a monitoring system module. The air temperature and humidity monitoring module includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor measure the temperature and humidity respectively, and the collected data are sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the temperature is too high or too low, the monitoring system module will feed back to the central air conditioner to adjust the temperature.

[0005] The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module uses a carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor to measure the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse, and the collected data is sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the carbon dioxide concentration is too low, the monitoring system module will feed back to the carbon dioxide generator to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse.

[0006] The monitoring system module also includes a high-definition camera installed inside the greenhouse. Users can connect to the high-definition camera through their mobile phones or computer devices, watch the monitoring video inside the greenhouse at any time, and understand the growth process of crops.

[0007] The negative pressure fan IoT control module includes a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem. The hardware subsystem collects and controls the environmental data of the greenhouse, and the software subsystem stores, analyzes and optimizes the environmental data of the greenhouse. The data display function displays the data analyzed and optimized by the software subsystem in real time in the form of intuitive bar charts and bar graphs.

[0008] Environmental data in the greenhouse, including temperature, light intensity, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, soil pH and soil moisture content.

[0009] The IoT main system module adopts a three-tier IoT architecture, consisting of the perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The perception layer is the foundation of the system, responsible for collecting greenhouse environmental data, including air temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and then transmitting this data to the network layer via a wireless network. The perception layer's functions are divided into five main areas: data collection, device control, information upload, instant messaging, and fault reset.

[0010] Data acquisition refers to the real-time collection of greenhouse environmental data by various sensors connected through the RS485 bus, and encapsulation of the data according to the system's communication protocol. The system's sensors uniformly use the RS485 interface for output, and the data format adopts the modbus protocol.

[0011] Equipment control refers to the control of equipment in the greenhouse through relays, including heaters, fill lights, humidifiers and variable frequency negative pressure fans.

[0012] Information uploading refers to uploading current data through HTTP requests every other sampling period. The system uses the HTTP protocol, which is an application layer protocol based on TCP / IP.

[0013] Instant messaging refers to connecting the 2.4G module in the perception layer with the server to transmit real-time data and control signals. The system uses a 2.4G communication module, which is a wireless communication module based on the fifth-generation mobile communication technology.

[0014] Fault restart means checking the environmental data uploaded by the hardware system each time and determining whether the sensor and control equipment have failed based on the data. If the failure criteria are met, the server will record it. The management staff can then check these failures and arrange for maintenance. The criteria for determining whether various sensor failures are present are: the data is null or exceeds the sensor's measurement range.

[0015] The network layer is the core layer of the system, and is mainly responsible for transmitting the data collected by the perception layer to the application layer through various wired or wireless communication methods, or receiving control instructions from the application layer and transmitting them to the perception layer.

[0016] The application layer is implemented by porting the µC / OS-II real-time operating system to a microprocessor. Program operations are defined as tasks, which communicate with each other by passing semaphores. When the MCU is in the ready state, the system processes tasks sequentially based on their priority. If a higher-priority task arrives while the system is running, the system will pause the lower-priority task and store it on a stack. After the higher-priority task completes, the original task will be resumed from the stack.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention can monitor and intelligently control the environment of the greenhouse through frequency conversion, intelligently control the airflow, reduce energy consumption, increase the quantity and quality of crops, and at the same time improve the intelligence of the system, the environmental quality in the greenhouse, and the growth effect of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the framework structure of this system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] A greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things includes an Internet of Things main system module, a negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module, a carbon dioxide generator and a central air conditioner. The Internet of Things main system module includes a perception system module and an application system module. The perception system module includes an air temperature and humidity monitoring module and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module. The application system module includes a data display module and a monitoring system module. The negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module includes a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem. The hardware subsystem collects and controls the environmental data of the greenhouse. The software subsystem stores, analyzes and optimizes the environmental data of the greenhouse. The data display function displays the data analyzed and optimized by the software subsystem in real time in the form of intuitive bar charts and bar graphs.

[0021] The air temperature and humidity monitoring module includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor measure the temperature and humidity respectively, and the collected data are sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the temperature is too high or too low, the monitoring system module will feed back to the central air conditioner to adjust the temperature.

[0022] The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module uses a carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor to measure the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse, and the collected data is sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the carbon dioxide concentration is too low, the monitoring system module will feed back to the carbon dioxide generator to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse.

[0023] The monitoring system module also includes a high-definition camera installed inside the greenhouse. Users can connect to the high-definition camera through mobile phones and computer devices, watch the monitoring video inside the greenhouse at any time, and understand the growth process of crops.

[0024] The IoT main system module software is written in Python and debugged and run under Keil and Pycharm software.

[0025] The present invention uses the following sensors: Shutter box weather station: collects air temperature and humidity, with the characteristics of high precision, high stability, and low power consumption; Carbon dioxide sensor: collects carbon dioxide concentration, with the characteristics of fast response, high sensitivity, and low drift; Equipment control uses the following devices: Water curtain: used to increase the humidity of the greenhouse, with the characteristics of good humidification effect, low noise, and easy maintenance; Variable frequency negative pressure fan: used to adjust the air volume and air pressure of the greenhouse, using a frequency converter to control the fan speed, with the characteristics of stepless speed regulation, energy saving and consumption reduction, and low noise; Information uploading uses the following data: Environmental data: including air temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc., used to reflect the environmental conditions of the greenhouse and the evaluation of the control effect of the greenhouse; Equipment data: the working status, power, speed, etc. of the variable frequency negative pressure fan, used to reflect the equipment status of the greenhouse, and monitor the energy consumption and noise of the greenhouse; System data: including the system's operating time, number of faults, fault type, etc. , used to reflect the operating status of the system and evaluate the reliability and stability of the system; instant communication uses the following signals: Real-time data: including environmental data, equipment data and system data, used to provide real-time feedback on the environmental conditions, equipment conditions and system conditions of the greenhouse, as well as monitoring of the control effect of the greenhouse; Control signals: including the switch, power, speed, etc. of the water curtain and the variable frequency negative pressure fan, used to control the equipment of the greenhouse in real time and adjust the environmental parameters of the greenhouse; Fault restart uses the following fault standards: Sensor failure: If a certain data is null or exceeds the measurement range of the sensor, it means that the sensor has failed and needs to be replaced or repaired; Equipment failure: If the working status of a certain device is abnormal or the power, speed, etc. do not match the control signal, it means that the device has failed and needs to be inspected or repaired; System failure: If the system's running time is interrupted or the number of failures is too many, it means that the system has failed and needs to be restarted or upgraded.

[0026] This system can achieve: Statistical analysis: By analyzing historical environmental parameter data, we can understand the changing trends and patterns of the greenhouse environment. For example, analyzing daily and seasonal variations in temperature and humidity can provide a basis for formulating control strategies.

[0027] Correlation analysis: Studying the correlation between different environmental parameters, such as the relationship between temperature and humidity, or light and carbon dioxide concentration. This helps understand the interaction between various parameters and optimize control strategies.

[0028] Model building: Build mathematical models based on historical data to predict future trends in environmental parameters.

[0029] Control strategy optimization: Based on the results of data analysis, the greenhouse control strategy is adjusted. For example, if the analysis finds a strong correlation between temperature and humidity, the operation of the humidifier and negative pressure fan can be adjusted to control both parameters simultaneously.

[0030] Energy management: Optimize energy use and reduce waste. For example, by analyzing the relationship between light intensity and crop growth stage, we can rationally arrange lighting time to ensure crop growth while saving energy.

[0031] Early warning: Establish an early warning system for environmental parameters, which will issue alerts when certain parameters exceed normal ranges so that appropriate measures can be taken. This helps prevent damage to crops caused by sudden environmental changes.

[0032] Based on the data analysis results of the Internet of Things platform, the optimal fan speed setting value can be calculated through PID algorithm or artificial intelligence algorithm, and control instructions can be sent to the inverter through the communication protocol to realize intelligent speed regulation of the fan and achieve the control target of constant pressure or constant flow, thereby controlling various indicators of the greenhouse.

[0033] It should be understood that parts not elaborated in detail in this specification belong to the prior art.

[0034] The above, combined with the accompanying drawings, only illustrates the specific implementation methods and processes of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art should understand that this is only an example, and various changes and substitutions can be made to this implementation method without departing from the essence of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: It includes an Internet of Things main system module, a negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module, a carbon dioxide generator and a central air conditioner. The Internet of Things main system module includes a perception system module and an application system module. The perception system module includes an air temperature and humidity monitoring module and a carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module. The application system module includes a data display module and a monitoring system module. The negative pressure fan Internet of Things control module includes a hardware subsystem and a software subsystem. The hardware subsystem collects and controls the environmental data of the greenhouse, and the software subsystem stores, analyzes and optimizes the environmental data of the greenhouse. The data display function displays the data analyzed and optimized by the software subsystem in real time in the form of intuitive bar charts and bar graphs.

2. The greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air temperature and humidity monitoring module includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor measure the temperature and humidity respectively, and the collected data are sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the temperature is too high or too low, the monitoring system module will feedback to the central air conditioner to adjust the temperature.

3. The greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon dioxide concentration monitoring module uses a carbon dioxide concentration detection sensor to measure the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse, and the collected data is sent to the data display module and the monitoring system module in real time by the gateway. The monitoring system module determines the value. When the carbon dioxide concentration is too low, the monitoring system module will feed back to the carbon dioxide generator to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration inside the greenhouse.

4. The greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring system module also includes a high-definition camera installed inside the greenhouse, and the user connects to the high-definition camera through a mobile phone or computer device.

5. The greenhouse environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Environmental data in the greenhouse, including temperature, light intensity, air humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, soil pH and soil moisture content.

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