Microphone core and microphone

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microphones, and particularly relates to a microphone core and a microphone, the microphone core comprises a shell and at least one pickup assembly arranged in the shell; wherein the shell is provided with at least one pair of sound holes for sound waves to enter, each pair of sound holes are symmetrically arranged on opposite shell walls of the shell, and the sound pickup assembly can pick up sound wave signals entering the sound holes. According to the invention, at least one pair of sound holes for sound waves to enter is arranged on the shell, and each pair of sound holes are symmetrically arranged on the opposite shell walls of the shell, so that the sound pickup assembly can pick up sound wave signals entering from each sound hole, multi-directional sound pickup is realized under a single diaphragm structure, and the practicability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microphones, and in particular relates to a microphone core and a microphone. Background Art

[0002] A microphone is an energy conversion device that converts sound signals into electrical signals. The microphone core is the core component of the microphone. The microphone core generally includes a shell and a plate and a back plate arranged in the shell. The shell generally has a sound hole for sound waves to enter. The basic principle is: sound waves enter the shell through the sound hole and contact the plate, causing the plate to vibrate, and the distance between the plate and the back plate changes according to a preset frequency, so that the capacitance value formed by the plate and the back plate changes according to the corresponding frequency, thereby generating a preset potential signal.

[0003] However, currently, microphones are generally unidirectional sound pickup structures that can only pick up sound waves in a single direction or area. If multi-directional sound pickup is required, at least one set of microphone structures needs to be added, which increases the cost and has poor practicality. In addition, due to the structural defects of the microphone core of existing microphones, a noise reduction algorithm needs to be configured to reduce the noise of audio signals with opposite phases. However, there is room for optimization in the algorithm operation, and the noise reduction effect is limited. At the same time, the algorithm processing requires power consumption, which affects the sensitivity of the microphone. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a microphone core and a microphone, aiming to solve the technical problem in the background technology that a single microphone core of a microphone cannot achieve multi-directional sound reception, resulting in reduced practicality.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented as follows: a microphone core comprises a shell, and at least one sound pickup component arranged in the shell;

[0006] The shell is provided with at least one pair of sound holes for sound waves to enter, each pair of sound holes is symmetrically arranged on opposite shell walls of the shell, and the sound pickup assembly can pick up the sound wave signals entering from each sound hole. Further, the sound pickup assembly includes an electrode plate and two back plates arranged on both sides of the electrode plate, the back plates are arranged parallel to the electrode plate, and each back plate is provided with at least one air hole for sound waves to pass through.

[0007] Furthermore, the two back plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrode plate, and the distance between each back plate and the electrode plate is completely equal.

[0008] Furthermore, the air holes on the two back plates are arranged in a mirror image with the pole plate as the central axis.

[0009] Furthermore, the arrangement of the air holes on the same back plate is any one of the following:

[0010] An air hole is provided on the back plate;

[0011] The back plate is provided with a plurality of pores, and the plurality of pores have different directions at least at one end away from the electrode plate; or

[0012] An air hole is provided on the back plate, and the air hole has a plurality of branches extending in different directions at one end away from the pole plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the pickup assembly includes a paper ring slidably connected to the shell, and a coil and a diaphragm fixed to the inner wall of the paper ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the pickup assembly also includes a permanent magnet disposed on the shell, the permanent magnet is located outside the moving path of the paper ring, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is perpendicular to the moving path of the paper ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the shell includes a middle shell and two buffer plates arranged on opposite sides of the middle shell, the two buffer plates are mirror-set relative to the center position of the moving path of the paper ring, and each pair of sound holes is opened on the two buffer plates.

[0016] Furthermore, the pickup assembly further comprises a limiting membrane connected between the outer wall of the coil and the inner wall of the housing;

[0017] The limiting film is located at the center of the moving path of the paper ring, and the limiting film is used to make the paper ring return to the original position after the energy of the diaphragm is consumed.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a microphone, comprising a housing and a microphone core arranged in the housing, wherein the microphone core is the above-mentioned microphone core.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that by providing at least one pair of sound holes for sound waves to enter on the shell, and each pair of sound holes is symmetrically arranged on the opposite shell walls of the shell, the sound pickup component can pick up the sound wave signals entering each sound hole, thereby realizing multi-directional sound pickup under a single diaphragm structure and improving practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a microphone core provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2-Figure 4 Schematic diagram of sound pickup of the microphone core provided by an embodiment of the present invention at different sound source positions;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a backplane provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a backplane provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microphone core provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] At present, microphones are generally single-point pickup structures, which can only pick up sound waves in a single direction or area, and have a single direction. If multi-point pickup is required, at least one set of microphone structures needs to be added, which increases the cost. In addition, due to the structural defects of the microphone core of the existing microphone, a noise reduction algorithm needs to be configured to reduce the noise of the audio signal with opposite phases, but there is room for optimization in the operation of the algorithm, and the noise reduction effect is limited. At the same time, the algorithm processing requires power consumption, which affects the sensitivity of the microphone.

[0027] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a microphone core and a microphone, which achieve multi-directional sound pickup and physical noise reduction under a single diaphragm structure by reasonably optimizing the structural layout and ingenious structural design of the microphone core on the basis of the existing microphone core structure without adding additional complex components or structures.

[0028] In order to better illustrate a microphone core and a microphone in the embodiment of the present invention, the following will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings. The details are as follows:

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a microphone core 10 provided in the first embodiment of the present invention is used to pick up an audio signal to convert the audio signal into a corresponding electrical signal. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the microphone core 10 is a capacitor microphone core, and the microphone core 10 includes a shell 11 and a sound pickup assembly 12 arranged in the shell 11. The shell 11 is provided with at least one pair of sound holes 111 for sound waves to enter, and each pair of sound holes 111 is symmetrically arranged on the opposite shell walls of the shell 11. The sound pickup assembly 12 can pick up the sound wave signals entering each sound hole 111. The sound pickup assembly 12 includes a pole plate 121 and two back plates 122 arranged on both sides of the pole plate 121. The back plate 122 is arranged parallel to the pole plate 121, and a gap of a predetermined size is provided between the back plate 122 and the pole plate 121. The pole plate 121 and each back plate 122 respectively constitute a capacitor structure.

[0031] Specifically, in the present embodiment, a sound hole 111 for the sound wave signal to enter is provided at the shell wall of the shell 11 facing each back plate 122, and an air hole 123 for the sound wave signal to pass is provided on each back plate 122. When picking up sound, the sound wave signal enters the shell 11 simultaneously or successively through the two sound holes 111, and the sound wave signal entering the shell 11 passes through the air holes 123 on the corresponding back plate 122 and acts on the pole plate 121, causing the pole plate 121 to vibrate respectively. During the vibration process, the distance between the pole plate 121 and the two back plates 122 changes according to the preset frequency law of the corresponding sound wave, thereby generating two groups of electric potential signals with opposite phases. The two groups of electric potential signals with opposite phases interfere with each other, and the electric potential signals after cancellation are transmitted to the corresponding microphone audio system through the lead.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the two back plates 122 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrode plate 121, and the distance between each back plate and the electrode plate is completely equal, so that two completely identical capacitor structures are formed between the electrode plate 121 and the two back plates 122, so that the sound wave propagation damping on both sides of the electrode plate 121 is the same, and this structure can have a better interference cancellation noise reduction effect on the same frequency sound wave signal (the sound wave signal emitted by the same sound source). In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the electrode plate 121 is preferably arranged in the central part of the shell 11, the axis of the sound hole 111 is preferably perpendicular to the back plate 122, and more preferably the axis of the sound hole 111 is perpendicular to the center of the back plate 122, and an air hole 123 is provided on each of the two back plates 122, and the axes of the sound hole 111 and the air hole 123 are collinear. The two sound holes 111 are equal in size, and the air holes 123 opened on the two back plates 122 are the same in size. In this embodiment, since the back plates 122 on both sides are respectively provided with air holes 123 and corresponding sound holes 111 are also correspondingly arranged on both sides of the shell 11, this embodiment can at least realize two sets of sound pickup directions.

[0033] Of course, in reality, the axis of the sound hole 111 does not have to be vertical. In some cases, the sound hole 111 can also be set as an oblique hole. In addition, the axes of the sound hole 111 and the air hole 123 do not have to be collinear. The collinear design can improve the sensitivity of the diaphragm. In some cases, the axes of the sound hole 111 and the air hole 123 can also be designed in different lines, and the different line design can play a buffering role. In addition, the number of air holes on the two back plates 122 must be consistent, and the distribution position must also be consistent. The shape, size, and axial direction of the air holes on the same back plate can be different. The air holes at the same position on different back plates must be set with the pole plate as the central axis mirror image, that is, the air holes 123 on the two back plates 122 are set with the pole plate 121 as the central axis mirror image. In addition, in this embodiment and its corresponding drawings, only the case of arranging a group of the pickup assembly 12 in the shell 11 is described, but the present invention is not limited to this. In other embodiments, multiple pickup assemblies 12 can be arranged in the same direction or different directions according to different sound pickup requirements.

[0034] See also Figure 2-Figure 4 The microphone core 10 in the embodiment of the present invention has the following different sound pickup conditions for different sound source positions, as follows:

[0035] Case 1: The sound source is located on the left side of the microphone core 10. Figure 2 As shown, when picking up sound, the sound wave signal will first enter the shell 11 from the sound hole 111 on the left, and then the sound wave signal of the same frequency will enter the shell 11 from the sound hole 111 on the right. The sound wave signal entering the shell 11 passes through the air hole 123 on the corresponding back plate 122 and acts on the pole plate 121, causing the pole plate 121 to vibrate. During the vibration process, the distance between the pole plate 121 and the two back plates 122 changes according to the preset frequency of the corresponding sound wave, thereby generating two groups of potential signals with opposite phases. The two groups of potential signals with opposite phases interfere with each other, and the potential signal after cancellation is not zero, but a potential signal after noise reduction, and is finally transmitted to the corresponding microphone audio system through the lead.

[0036] Case 2: The sound source is located on the right side of the microphone 10. Figure 3 As shown, when picking up sound, the sound wave signal will first enter the shell 11 from the sound hole 111 on the right, and then the sound wave signal of the same frequency will enter the shell 11 from the sound hole 111 on the left. The sound wave signal entering the shell 11 passes through the air hole 123 on the corresponding back plate 122 and acts on the pole plate 121, causing the pole plate 121 to vibrate. During the vibration process, the distance between the pole plate 121 and the two back plates 122 changes according to the preset frequency of the corresponding sound wave, thereby generating two groups of potential signals with opposite phases. The two groups of potential signals with opposite phases interfere with each other, and the potential signal after cancellation is not zero, but a potential signal after noise reduction, and is finally transmitted to the corresponding microphone audio system through the lead.

[0037] Case 3: The sound source is in the same plane as the plate 121. Figure 4 As shown, when picking up sound, the sound wave signal enters the housing 11 through the sound holes 111 on the left and right sides at the same time. The sound wave signal entering the housing 11 passes through the air holes 123 on the corresponding back plate 122 and acts on the pole plate 121, causing the pole plate 121 to vibrate. During the vibration process, the distance between the pole plate 121 and the two back plates 122 changes according to the preset frequency of the corresponding sound wave, thereby generating two sets of electric potential signals with opposite phases. The two sets of electric potential signals with opposite phases interfere with each other, and the sound wave intensities are equal, the sound paths are equal, and the phases are opposite. The electric potential signals after cancellation are zero, so that the sound source interference in the same plane as the pole plate 121 can be completely eliminated. Therefore, when picking up sound, the pole plate 121 can be aligned with the location of the interference signal source, so that the location of the interference signal source is in the same plane as the pole plate 121, so that the interference signal can be completely shielded.

[0038] In summary, the microphone core 10 in the embodiment of the present invention arranges a back plate 122 on each side of the pole plate 121, and opens sound holes 111 on the shell wall of the shell 11 facing each back plate 122, and opens at least one air hole 123 on each back plate 122. The air holes 123 can correspond to different sound pickup directions, thereby realizing multi-directional sound pickup under a single diaphragm structure. At the same time, when picking up sound, corresponding electric potential signals will be formed between the pole plate 121 and the back plates 122 on both sides, respectively, and interference destructive phenomena can be generated for audio signals with opposite phases, thereby realizing physical noise reduction, without configuring a corresponding noise reduction algorithm or reducing the difficulty of the corresponding noise reduction algorithm, thereby improving the noise reduction effect and sensitivity.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] See also Figure 5 , which shows the microphone core 10 in the second embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the microphone core 10 in this embodiment and the microphone core 10 in the first embodiment is that:

[0041] The two back plates 122 are each provided with a plurality of air holes 123, and the plurality of air holes 123 have different directions at least at one end away from the electrode plate 121, so that the plurality of air holes 123 can pick up sound wave signals in different directions, thereby achieving more sound pickup directions. The air holes 123 opened on the two back plates 122 are exactly the same in form and size.

[0042] It should be pointed out that the implementation principle and technical effects of the device provided in the second embodiment of the present invention are similar to those of the first embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the first embodiment.

[0043] Embodiment 3

[0044] See also Figure 6 , which shows the microphone core 10 in the third embodiment of the present invention. The difference between the microphone core 10 in this embodiment and the microphone core 10 in the first embodiment is that:

[0045] The two back plates 122 are each provided with an air hole 123, and the air hole 123 has multiple forks extending in different directions at one end away from the electrode plate 121, and each fork can correspond to the sound wave signal pickup in one direction, thereby achieving more pickup directions. The air holes 123 opened on the two back plates 122 are exactly the same in form and size.

[0046] It should be pointed out that the implementation principle and technical effects of the device provided in the second embodiment of the present invention are similar to those of the first embodiment. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the first embodiment.

[0047] In addition, it should be noted that the above embodiments and their features can be combined with each other according to actual needs when there is no conflict, and the new technical solutions obtained by the combination still fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 4

[0049] See also Figure 7 , shown is a microphone core 10 provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is used to pick up audio signals to convert the audio signals into corresponding electrical signals. Specifically, in this embodiment, the microphone core 10 is a dynamic microphone core, and the microphone core 10 includes a shell 11 and a sound pickup assembly 12 arranged in the shell 11. The shell 11 is provided with at least one pair of sound holes 111 for sound waves to enter, and each pair of sound holes 111 is symmetrically arranged on the opposite shell walls of the shell 11. The sound pickup assembly 12 can pick up the sound wave signals entering each sound hole 111.

[0050] The pickup assembly 12 includes a paper ring 124 slidably connected to the housing 11, and a coil 125 and a diaphragm 126 fixed to the inner wall of the paper ring 124. Specifically, the coil 125 is integrated on the inner wall of the paper ring 124 by gluing, embedding, etc., and a plurality of coils 125 are distributed along the axis of the paper ring 124. The coil 125, the paper ring 124, and the diaphragm 126 constitute a voice coil structure similar to that of a speaker. The pickup assembly also includes a permanent magnet 127 disposed on the housing. The permanent magnet 127 is located outside the moving path of the paper ring 124, and the magnetic field direction generated by the permanent magnet 127 is perpendicular to the moving path of the paper ring 124. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 127 can be two groups of magnets symmetrically disposed on both sides of the inner cavity of the housing 11. Of course, in other optional embodiments, the permanent magnet 127 can also be an annular magnetic pole disposed on the inner wall of the housing 11. The pickup assembly also includes a limiting membrane 128 connected between the outer wall of the coil 125 and the inner wall of the shell. The limiting membrane 128 is located at the center of the moving path of the paper ring 124. The limiting membrane 128 is used to restore the paper ring 124 to its original position after the energy of the diaphragm 126 is consumed.

[0051] Specifically, the shell 11 includes a middle shell 11a and two middle shells 11b arranged on opposite sides of the middle shell 11a. The pickup assembly 12 is arranged in the inner cavity of the middle shell 11a, and the moving path of the paper ring 124 is preferably arranged parallel to the inner wall of the middle shell 11a. Of course, the moving path of the paper ring 124 is not necessarily parallel to the inner wall of the inner cavity of the shell. The two middle shells 11b are mirrored relative to the center position of the moving path of the paper ring 124, and the two middle shells 11b are also mirrored relative to the position of the diaphragm 126. Each pair of sound holes is opened on the two middle shells 11b. Specifically, in this embodiment, each middle shell 11b is provided with a sound hole 111. The specific arrangement of the sound hole 111 and other optional methods refer to the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0052] When picking up sound, the sound wave signal enters the housing 11 through the two sound holes 111 simultaneously or successively. The sound wave signal entering the housing 11 acts on the diaphragm 126, causing the diaphragm 126 to vibrate. When the sound wave causes the diaphragm to vibrate, the coil connected to the diaphragm will also vibrate, cutting the magnetic induction line in the magnetic field, generating a current signal that changes in proportion to the amplitude of the sound wave. At the same time, when the sound wave signal entering through the two sound holes acts on the diaphragm 126, vibration cancellation will occur, and the current signal after cancellation will be transmitted to the corresponding microphone audio system through the lead wire. Therefore, the microphone core in this embodiment also has the three sound pickup conditions described in the above embodiment 1. Similarly, when picking up sound, the diaphragm can be aligned with the location of the interference signal source, so that the location of the interference signal source is in the same plane as the diaphragm, so that the interference signal can be completely shielded.

[0053] Embodiment 5

[0054] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further proposes a microphone, including a shell and a microphone core arranged in the shell, wherein the microphone core is the microphone core described in any of the above embodiments, and the connection relationship and position relationship between the microphone core and the shell can adopt the method of a traditional microphone or any other feasible method, which is not strictly limited here.

[0055] It should be pointed out that the implementation principle and technical effects of the device provided in the fourth embodiment of the present invention are similar to those of the above embodiments. For the sake of brief description, for matters not mentioned in this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the above embodiments.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microphone core, characterized in that: It comprises a housing, and at least one sound pickup assembly arranged in the housing; The shell is provided with at least one pair of sound holes for sound waves to enter, and each pair of the sound holes is symmetrically arranged on opposite shell walls of the shell. The sound pickup assembly can pick up the sound wave signals entering through each of the sound holes.

2. The microphone core according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pickup assembly comprises a pole plate and two back plates arranged on both sides of the pole plate. The back plates are arranged parallel to the pole plate, and each of the back plates is provided with at least one air hole for sound waves to pass through.

3. The microphone core according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two back plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electrode plate, and the distance between each back plate and the electrode plate is completely equal.

4. The microphone core according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air holes on the two back plates are arranged in a mirror image with the pole plate as the central axis.

5. The microphone core according to claim 4, characterized in that: The arrangement of the air holes on the back plate is any one of the following: An air hole is provided on the back plate; The back plate is provided with a plurality of pores, and the plurality of pores have different directions at least at one end away from the electrode plate; or An air hole is provided on the back plate, and the air hole has a plurality of branches extending in different directions at one end away from the pole plate.

6. The microphone core according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pickup assembly comprises a paper ring slidably connected in the shell, and a coil and a diaphragm fixed on the inner wall of the paper ring.

7. The microphone core according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pickup assembly also includes a permanent magnet arranged on the shell, the permanent magnet is located outside the moving path of the paper ring, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is arranged perpendicular to the moving path of the paper ring.

8. The microphone core according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell includes a middle shell and two buffer plates arranged on opposite sides of the middle shell. The two buffer plates are mirror-imaged relative to the center position of the moving path of the paper ring, and each pair of sound holes is opened on the two buffer plates.

9. The microphone core according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pickup assembly further includes a limiting membrane connected between the outer wall of the coil and the inner wall of the housing; The limiting film is located at the center of the moving path of the paper ring, and the limiting film is used to make the paper ring return to the original position after the energy of the diaphragm is consumed.

10. A microphone, comprising a housing and a microphone core arranged in the housing, characterized in that: The microphone core is the microphone core according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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