Plant cultivation substrate for ecological restoration and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant cultivation substrate for ecological restoration and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The plant planting matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 to 30 parts of urea formaldehyde foam particles, 5 to 10 parts of perlite, 8 to 10 parts of vermiculite, 8 to 12 parts of fiber carriers, 15 to 25 parts of humus, 8 to 10 parts of polyacrylic acid modified nanocrystalline cellulose, 18 to 22 parts of peat soil, 2 to 4 parts of sodium alginate modified chitosan, 0.5 to 0.8 part of plant growth regulators and 2 to 3 parts of trace elements. The plant cultivation substrate has excellent water and fertilizer retention performance, and the survival rate of plants can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of plant planting technology, and more specifically, to a plant planting matrix for ecological restoration and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mining can easily lead to the degradation of the mining area ecosystem, for example, it destroys the surface landscape, creates many exposed mountain gaps and broken zones, easily induces mudslides, produces water resources and air pollutants, etc., which have a serious negative impact on the urban landscape and natural environment. In addition, pollutants such as heavy metals generated during the mining process may migrate and transform through water and soil, causing a variety of ecological and environmental problems. Therefore, it is imperative to restore and rebuild the natural ecological vegetation in the damaged mining area.

[0003] After the surface vegetation is destroyed, the original soil and water conservation function will be almost completely lost. In addition, in places with large slopes, due to rain erosion and other reasons, it is easy to cause a lack of soil and water in this part of the area, which is not conducive to the growth and survival of plants. Therefore, in order to restore the natural ecological vegetation in the destroyed mining area, it is necessary to develop a planting matrix that is conducive to plant growth and can provide nutrients for plants. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the planting matrix and thus improve the survival rate of plants, the present application provides a plant planting matrix for ecological restoration and a preparation method thereof, which adopts the following technical scheme: The plant planting matrix used for ecological restoration includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of urea-formaldehyde foam particles, 5-10 parts of perlite, 8-10 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of fiber carrier, 15-25 parts of humus, 8-10 parts of polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, 18-22 parts of peat soil, 2-4 parts of sodium alginate modified chitosan, 0.5-0.8 parts of plant growth regulator, and 2-3 parts of trace elements.

[0005] The water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix of the present application can reach 3365%; the water retention time of the plant planting matrix can reach 81h. In addition, the plant planting matrix of the present application can make the survival rate of the plant reach 90%. Therefore, the plant planting matrix of the present application significantly improves the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix through the mutual synergy between the raw materials, and at the same time helps to improve the survival rate of the plant, expands the application range of the plant planting matrix, and meets the market demand.

[0006] In the present application, urea-formaldehyde foam particles can be understood as water-soluble adhesives. And urea-formaldehyde foam particles have good thermal insulation. The addition of urea-formaldehyde foam particles makes the bonding between the raw materials in the plant planting matrix higher, and the plant planting matrix is ​​not easily dispersed by rain, so that the stability of the plant planting matrix is ​​higher, and the survival rate of plants can be improved. And the good thermal insulation performance of urea-formaldehyde foam particles helps to improve the cold resistance of plants, thereby improving the survival rate of plants. In addition, a continuous phase is formed between the gas phase in the urea-formaldehyde foam particles and the raw materials of the plant planting matrix, and the plant can absorb nutrients in the air, which can improve the survival rate of plants.

[0007] By adding polyacrylic acid to modify the nano-microcrystalline cellulose, the polyacrylic acid modifies the nano-microcrystalline cellulose, so that the polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose has excellent water absorption and water retention.

[0008] In addition, there are intermolecular forces between sodium alginate-modified chitosan, polyacrylic acid-modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose and urea-formaldehyde foam particles, and the three-dimensional network structure formed by sodium alginate-modified chitosan and polyacrylic acid-modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose can be adsorbed on urea-formaldehyde foam particles, making the swelling degree of the planting matrix lower. Moreover, the three-dimensional network structure formed by sodium alginate-modified chitosan and polyacrylic acid-modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose is adsorbed on urea-formaldehyde foam particles, which also makes the planting matrix more adsorbable to inorganic salts, metal particles, etc., forming a slow release effect on humus and trace elements, thereby helping to improve the survival rate of plants.

[0009] Optionally, the sodium alginate modified chitosan comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ethylene glycol diether, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 15-20 parts of 0.15-0.2 mol / L calcium chloride solution, and 60-75 parts of water.

[0010] Optionally, the sodium alginate modified chitosan fiber is prepared by the following method: Dissolve chitosan and sodium alginate in water, stir until mixed, then add CaCl 2 The solution was stirred evenly and heated at 30-70°C for 30-40 min to obtain a mixed solution 1; After the mixed solution 1 is allowed to stand for 24-30 hours, a wet gel is obtained; The surface of the wet gel is washed with water, and then the washed wet gel is dried to a constant mass to obtain sodium alginate modified chitosan.

[0011] Through the above technical scheme, the preparation steps of sodium alginate modified chitosan are simpler and easier to operate.

[0012] Optionally, after stirring evenly, heating at 60° C. for 30-40 min to obtain a mixed solution 1.

[0013] Optionally, the plant growth regulator is naphthyl acetic acid.

[0014] The above technical solutions can help to further improve the survival rate of plants.

[0015] Optionally, the fiber carrier is coconut bran and polyester fiber.

[0016] Optionally, the mass ratio of coconut bran to polyester fiber is 1:2.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the planting matrix is ​​not easily dispersed, which helps to increase the service life of the germplasm matrix and thus improve the survival rate of plants.

[0018] In a second aspect, a method for preparing a plant planting matrix for ecological restoration is provided, comprising the following steps: The humus, polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, peat soil, sodium alginate modified chitosan, plant growth regulator and trace elements are stirred until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; The mixture is stirred with urea-formaldehyde foam particles, perlite, vermiculite and fiber carrier until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a plant planting matrix.

[0019] In summary, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The plant planting matrix for ecological restoration in the present application, by adding sodium alginate-modified chitosan, polyacrylic acid-modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose and urea-formaldehyde foam particles, helps to improve the water retention of the planting matrix, and forms a slow release effect on humus and trace elements, which helps to improve the survival rate of plants; 2. The plant planting matrix for ecological restoration in the present application uses coconut bran and polyester fiber as fiber carriers, so that the planting matrix is ​​not easily dispersed, which helps to increase the service life of the germplasm matrix and thus improve the survival rate of plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0021] Preparation Example Preparation Example 1 A sodium alginate modified chitosan comprises the following raw materials by weight: 3kg sodium alginate, 0.2kg ethylene glycol diether, 4kg chitosan, 16kg 0.2mol / L calcium chloride solution and 70kg water.

[0022] Sodium alginate modified chitosan was prepared by the following method: chitosan and sodium alginate were dissolved in water, stirred with a magnetic stirrer at 800 r / min until the mixture was uniformly mixed, and then CaCl 2The solution was stirred evenly and heated at 70°C for 30 min to obtain a mixed solution I.

[0023] The obtained mixed solution I was injected into a glass culture dish (diameter 90 mm) and allowed to stand for 24 h to obtain a transparent wet gel. Deionized water was added to the watch glass containing the wet gel to wash away the uncrosslinked components on the surface of the wet gel, and then the washed wet gel was dried in an oven at 50°C to a constant mass to obtain sodium alginate modified chitosan.

[0024] Preparation Example 2 A sodium alginate modified chitosan, which differs from Example 1 in that a mixed solution I is obtained by heating at 60° C. for 30 min, and the rest is the same as Preparation Example 1. Example

[0025] Example 1 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 28kg urea-formaldehyde foam particles, 8kg perlite, 9kg vermiculite, 10kg fiber carrier, 22kg humus, 8kg polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, 20kg peat soil, 3kg sodium alginate modified chitosan prepared in Preparation Example 1, 0.6kg plant growth regulator and 2kg trace elements.

[0026] Among them, the urea-formaldehyde foam particles are crushed particles with a particle size of about 3 mm; the particle size of perlite is 70-90 mesh and the density is 0.068 g / cm 3 ; The density of vermiculite is 1250 g / cm 3 , melting point is 1450℃, magnesium oxide content is 16%; fiber carrier is coconut bran and polyester fiber with a mass ratio of 1:1, the water absorption of coconut bran is greater than 3 LTS / kg, the particle size is 0-6mm, and the item number is YK0228-1; polyester fiber is polypropylene fiber with model AF54; humus is cow dung organic fertilizer with an effective ingredient content of 45%; polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose is selected from Xi'an Qiyue Biotechnology; peat soil particle size is 1-3mm; plant growth regulator is naphthaleneacetic acid; trace elements are composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.7 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.0005 parts of boric acid, 0.0006 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.2 parts of superphosphate, 0.0008 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.0006 parts of copper sulfate, 0.15 parts of iron sulfate, 0.0006 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.5 parts of diammonium phosphate.

[0027] The plant planting matrix for ecological restoration is prepared by the following method: humus, polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, peat soil, sodium alginate modified chitosan, plant growth regulators and trace elements are stirred until uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; the mixture is stirred with urea-formaldehyde foam particles, perlite, vermiculite and fiber carrier until uniformly mixed to obtain a plant planting matrix.

[0028] Example 2 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 1 in that the fiber carrier is coconut bran and polyester fiber in a mass ratio of 1:2, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0029] Example 3 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 2 in that the sodium alginate modified chitosan fiber is prepared by Preparation Example 2, and the rest is the same as Example 2.

[0030] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 1 in that the plant planting matrix does not include polyacrylic acid-modified microcrystalline cellulose, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 1 in that an equal amount of microcrystalline cellulose is used to replace polyacrylic acid-modified microcrystalline cellulose, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 3 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 1 in that the plant planting matrix does not include sodium alginate-modified chitosan, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 4 A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, which differs from Example 1 in that an equal amount of chitosan is used to replace the sodium alginate-modified chitosan, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0034] Performance testing The water absorption rate, water retention time, ventilation porosity and plant survival rate of 7 plant planting substrates for ecological restoration prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were tested.

[0035] The water absorption rate is the ratio of the water that the plant planting matrix can absorb per unit mass or volume to the volume or mass of the water absorbent itself.

[0036] The test method of water absorption rate is: water absorption rate = mass of plant planting matrix after sufficient water absorption / mass of plant planting matrix before sufficient water absorption × 100%.

[0037] The test method for water retention time is: water retention time = the time required to place the plant planting matrix that has fully absorbed water in the soil box in a 50°C oven and ventilate and dry it until the relative water holding capacity of the plant planting matrix is ​​0.

[0038] The survival rate of plants when seven kinds of plant planting substrates are used for plant planting is tested through simulation tests. The simulated size is 15m*15m, the lower layer of the plant substrate is paved with tailings slag, and the plants planted are trees and shrubs. The performance test starts on May 15, 2023. The test is conducted outdoors in the open air, and there is no long-term heavy rainfall during the period.

[0039] Table 1 Test results

[0040] As can be seen from Table 1, the plant planting matrix of the present application has excellent water retention performance. Among them, the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix ranges from 3162% to 3365%; the water retention time of the plant planting matrix ranges from 69 to 81 hours. In addition, the plant planting matrix of the present application can make the survival rate of plants higher, and the plant survival rate is 85% to 90%. Therefore, the plant planting matrix of the present application significantly improves the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix through the mutual synergy between the raw materials, and at the same time helps to improve the survival rate of plants, expands the application scope of the plant planting matrix, and meets market demand.

[0041] Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Example 1, the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix prepared in Comparative Example 1 is 1862%, the water retention time is 28h, and the plant survival rate is 40%; the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix for ecological restoration prepared in Example 1 is 3162%, the water retention time is 69h, and the ventilation porosity is 85%. Compared with Example 1, polyacrylic acid-modified microcrystalline cellulose is not added to the raw materials of the plant planting matrix in Comparative Example 1, which significantly reduces the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix and reduces the plant survival rate. It can be seen that the addition of polyacrylic acid-modified microcrystalline cellulose can significantly improve the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix and the plant survival rate.

[0042] Comparing Comparative Example 2 with Example 1, the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix prepared in Comparative Example 2 is 2021%, the water retention time is 31h, and the plant survival rate is 45%; the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix for ecological restoration prepared in Example 1 is 3162%, the water retention time is 69h, and the ventilation porosity is 85%. Compared with Example 1, the raw materials of the plant planting matrix in Comparative Example 2 are replaced with an equal amount of microcrystalline cellulose modified with polyacrylic acid, so that the water retention performance and plant survival rate of the plant planting matrix are reduced. It can be seen that by modifying microcrystalline cellulose with polyacrylic acid, the water retention performance and plant survival rate of the plant planting matrix can be further improved.

[0043] Comparing Comparative Example 3 with Example 1, the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix prepared in Comparative Example 3 is 1745%, the water retention time is 26h, and the plant survival rate is 35%; the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix for ecological restoration prepared in Example 1 is 3162%, the water retention time is 69h, and the ventilation porosity is 85%. Compared with Example 1, sodium alginate modified chitosan is not added to the raw materials of the plant planting matrix in Comparative Example 3, which significantly reduces the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix and reduces the plant survival rate. It can be seen that the addition of sodium alginate modified chitosan can significantly improve the water retention performance of the plant planting matrix and the plant survival rate.

[0044] Comparing Comparative Example 4 with Example 1, the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix prepared in Comparative Example 4 is 2048%, the water retention time is 29h, and the plant survival rate is 45%; the water absorption rate of the plant planting matrix for ecological restoration prepared in Example 1 is 3162%, the water retention time is 69h, and the ventilation porosity is 85%. Compared with Example 1, the raw materials of the plant planting matrix in Comparative Example 4 are replaced by an equal amount of chitosan with sodium alginate modified chitosan, so that the water retention performance and plant survival rate of the plant planting matrix are reduced. It can be seen that the modification of chitosan by sodium alginate can further improve the water retention performance and plant survival rate of the plant planting matrix.

[0045] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of urea-formaldehyde foam particles, 5-10 parts of perlite, 8-10 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of fiber carrier, 15-25 parts of humus, 8-10 parts of polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, 18-22 parts of peat soil, 2-4 parts of sodium alginate modified chitosan, 0.5-0.8 parts of plant growth regulator and 2-3 parts of trace elements.

2. A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sodium alginate modified chitosan comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of sodium alginate, 0.1-0.3 parts of ethylene glycol diether, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 15-20 parts of 0.15-0.2 mol / L calcium chloride solution, and 60-75 parts of water.

3. A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sodium alginate modified chitosan fiber is prepared by the following method: Dissolve chitosan and sodium alginate in water, stir until mixed evenly, then add CaCl2 solution, stir evenly, and heat at 30-70°C for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixed solution 1; After the mixed solution 1 is allowed to stand for 24-30 hours, a wet gel is obtained; The surface of the wet gel is washed with water, and then the washed wet gel is dried to a constant mass to obtain sodium alginate modified chitosan.

4. A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 3, characterized in that: After stirring evenly, the mixture was heated at 60°C for 30-40 min to obtain a mixed solution 1.

5. The plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant growth regulator is naphthylacetic acid.

6. The plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber carrier is coconut bran and polyester fiber.

7. A plant planting matrix for ecological restoration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of coconut bran to polyester fiber is 1:

2.

8. A method for preparing a plant planting matrix for ecological restoration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The humus, polyacrylic acid modified nano-microcrystalline cellulose, peat soil, sodium alginate modified chitosan, plant growth regulator and trace elements are stirred until they are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; The mixture is stirred with urea-formaldehyde foam particles, perlite, vermiculite and fiber carrier until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a plant planting matrix.

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