High-precision punching method and system capable of controlling laser starting and ending points

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser drilling, and provides a high-precision drilling method and system capable of controlling laser starting and ending points, and the method comprises the steps that a to-be-machined material is precisely fixed, laser equipment is debugged and calibrated, laser parameters are set, a Z axis is locked, an instruction is input, and a galvanometer rapidly and accurately runs to the starting point of a concentric circle according to a preset algorithm; during punching, the laser emits laser according to preset parameters, the laser is focused on the lower surface of the material, and after a circle is completed, the galvanometer moves to the outer circle concentric circle to continue circulating; during multi-layer machining, the laser is not turned off, the focus of the 3D galvanometer is raised according to instructions, all layers are machined according to concentric circle tracks in the inner and outer alternating directions, drilling is conducted from bottom to top in the overall arch-shaped trend, the problem that the roundness of a traditional technology is not high is solved through the scheme, and precision and working efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser drilling, in particular to a drilling method and system capable of controlling the starting and ending points of the laser with high precision. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of laser technology, it plays an important role in the traditional manufacturing industry. Especially in the traditional mechanical drilling technology, when processing hard and brittle materials, it is easy to produce defects such as cracks and broken edges, which affect the quality of the hole and the overall performance of the material; while the laser has the physical properties of high energy density and good directionality; these characteristics enable the laser to concentrate energy in a small area of ​​the material in a very short time, so that the material can be quickly melted and vaporized, thereby achieving drilling; compared with traditional processing methods, the laser will not produce mechanical stress on the material; However, in the prior art, the laser drilling path mostly presents a spiral trend. The holes processed by this drilling method often have low true roundness, resulting in low hole precision. Another drilling method uses layer-by-layer drilling. Although the holes punched by this method have high roundness, it is limited by the fact that the laser must be turned off and on for each layer, which affects its production efficiency. Moreover, the above two technical paths cannot promptly feedback the cracking and edge collapse of the processed material that occurs during drilling, thereby reducing production efficiency and production quality.

[0003] To this end, the present invention provides a high-precision drilling method and system capable of controlling the starting and ending points of the laser. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-precision drilling method capable of controlling the starting and ending points of a laser, comprising: S1: Precisely fix the material to be processed; S2: Fully debug and calibrate the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located above the Z axis; use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is in a stationary state; S3: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing command is input to the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point; S4: Same-layer center processing: when the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the galvanometer moves to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation until the same-layer center processing is completed; S5: After completing the center processing of the same layer, when performing multi-layer processing and switching between layers, the laser is not turned off, and the 3D galvanometer raises the focus according to the command. Each layer is processed according to the concentric circle trajectory in the alternating direction of the inside and outside, and the overall drilling is in the shape of a bow from bottom to top.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high-precision punching system capable of controlling the starting and ending points of a laser, comprising: Positioning module: accurately fix the material to be processed; Laser equipment calibration module: fully debug and calibrate the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located directly above the Z axis; use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is in a stationary state; Command input module: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing command is input into the control system of the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point; Same-layer circle center processing module: Same-layer circle center processing, when the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the galvanometer moves to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation; until the same-layer circle center processing is completed; Multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching module: After completing the same-layer circle center processing, when performing multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching, the laser is not turned off, the 3D galvanometer raises the focus according to the command, and each layer is processed according to the concentric circle trajectory in the alternating direction of the inside and outside, and the overall drilling is in the shape of a bow from bottom to top.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by rationally planning the laser travel path, during the processing process, the laser trajectory always punches holes along the path of concentric circles, and there is a fixed spacing between multiple concentric circles. Multiple concentric circles form a seam width, which solves the problem of low true roundness in traditional laser drilling technology and improves the accuracy of the object to be processed. At the same time, after the laser completes the concentric circles of the same layer, the laser is not turned off and directly participates in the work of the next layer, thereby improving work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method flow of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the same-layer circle center processing of S4 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching of S5 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the same-layer center processing intention of S6 in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 5is a schematic diagram of multi-layer concentric circle processing of S8 in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a system module diagram in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0011] Example 1: Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the present invention provides a high-precision drilling method and system capable of controlling the starting and ending points of the laser; the method and system comprise the following steps: S1: Fix the position of the product to be processed; firmly and accurately fix the glass material to be processed on the processing platform to ensure that the position of the glass will not be displaced during the entire processing process; use high-precision fixtures and positioning devices to position and clamp the glass to ensure that its horizontality and verticality meet the processing requirements; S2: Carry out comprehensive debugging and calibration of the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located above the Z axis; use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is in a stationary state, and ensure the stability of its position through mechanical locking devices and electronic control systems; S3: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing instructions are input to the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point "1"; during this process, the movement speed and trajectory of the galvanometer are precisely controlled according to the pre-set instructions to ensure that the galvanometer can quickly and accurately reach the specified position; S4: Same-layer circle center processing, when the galvanometer reaches the starting point "1", the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters; laser parameters include: power, pulse frequency, pulse width; the laser beam will be focused on the lower surface of the material to be processed through the adjustment of the galvanometer, so as to ensure that the laser energy can effectively act on the material surface; The laser starts to move along the concentric circles at a constant speed in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. During the movement, the galvanometer is adjusted to ensure that the laser always moves along the predetermined concentric circle trajectory. The stability is ensured until the drilling work is completed. When the laser returns to position "1", the galvanometer is controlled to move along the axis for a spacing distance, which is between 0.02-0.08mm and is set according to specific processing requirements. After the galvanometer moves to the starting point "2" of the outer concentric circle, the laser continues to move along the concentric circle in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the above process is repeated until it reaches position "2" again, and then moves along the axis for a spacing distance to the starting point "3" of the outer concentric circle. This cycle is repeated until the laser completes the concentric circles of the same layer. S5: Multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching; when the laser completes the first layer of concentric circle trajectory, the laser keeps the laser emission state and does not turn off; at this time, the instruction of the 3D galvanometer starts to work, and the 3D galvanometer raises the focus by one layer; during the focus raising process, the Z axis of the 3D galvanometer is linked with the X and Y axes to ensure the accuracy and stability of the focus position; After entering the second layer of processing, the laser moves in the opposite direction of the first layer, that is, from the outside to the inside of the concentric circle trajectory; the specific movement process is similar to the first layer. The laser starts from the starting point of the outer concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle. After passing the starting position of each concentric circle, it moves to the starting point of the next outer or inner concentric circle according to the preset parameters until the concentric circles of the second layer are completed; After entering the third layer of processing, the laser moves in the opposite direction of the second layer, that is, from the inside to the outside of the concentric circle trajectory; the specific movement process is the same as the first layer; the laser starts from the starting point of the inner concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle. After passing the starting position of each concentric circle, it moves to the starting point of the next outer or inner concentric circle according to the preset parameters until the concentric circle of the third layer is completed; According to the above-mentioned inter-layer alternation method, after the third layer is processed, the fourth layer and subsequent layers are processed; from the overall point of view, the path of the laser follows the "bow" shape from bottom to top, and precise holes are punched layer by layer, and this cycle is repeated until the punching is completed; The technical solution of this embodiment is as follows: by reasonably planning the laser travel path, during the processing, the laser trajectory always punches holes along the path of concentric circles, and there is a fixed spacing between multiple concentric circles, and multiple concentric circles form a seam width; it solves the problem of low roundness caused by gaps at the starting point and end point of the laser due to the use of a spiral line in traditional laser drilling technology; it improves the accuracy of the object to be processed, and at the same time, after the laser has traveled through the concentric circles of the same layer, the laser is not turned off and directly participates in the work of the next layer, avoiding the time waste caused by turning the laser on and off when processing different layers, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0012] Example 2: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown; Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides a high-precision drilling method with controllable laser start and end points; it also includes the following steps: S6: Same-layer center processing: The operator inputs the processing command to trigger the galvanometer to run from the axis position to the starting point "1" of the first layer of concentric circle; during this process, the movement of the galvanometer is driven by a high-precision motor, and the galvanometer control module accurately controls the speed and direction of the motor according to the preset motion trajectory algorithm to ensure that the galvanometer can reach the specified position quickly and accurately; S7: When the galvanometer reaches the starting point "1", the laser immediately emits a laser beam according to the pre-set laser parameters, including power, pulse frequency, and pulse width; the laser beam is adjusted by the galvanometer and accurately focused on the lower surface of the glass material; the laser starts to move at a constant speed along the concentric circle in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; when the laser passes through position "1", according to the preset distance parameter, the galvanometer accurately controls the laser to move a specific arc l; the calculation process of the specific arc is: according to the formula The specific arc l is obtained by calculation; wherein R is the radius of the circle, n is the number of concentric circles in each layer, D is the thickness of the material to be processed, and d is the set layer height; Then, the galvanometer moves precisely along the opposite direction of the axis according to the instruction, with a spacing distance between 0.02-0.08mm, set according to specific processing requirements, to reach the starting point "2" of the outer concentric circle; the laser continues to move along the concentric circle clockwise or counterclockwise, and after passing position "2", it moves to the starting point of the next concentric circle by a specific arc l, until it returns to position "2", and then continues to move toward the axis by a specific arc l, reaching the starting point position "3", and repeats this cycle until the laser completes one layer of concentric circles; S8: Multi-layer concentric circle processing, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, after the laser completes the processing of the first layer of concentric circle tracks, the laser keeps the laser emission state and does not turn off; at this time, the Z axis of the 3D galvanometer cooperates with the XY axis to raise the focus by one layer; After the focus is raised, the laser enters the starting point "6" of the second concentric circle, and moves in the opposite direction of the first layer, that is, from the outside to the inside, along the concentric circle clockwise or counterclockwise; the laser movement process is similar to the first layer. After passing position "6", it moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point "7" of the inner concentric circle. After reaching "7" again, it moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point "8" of the inner concentric circle, and repeats this cycle until the concentric circle of the second layer is completed; According to the above-mentioned inter-layer alternation method, after completing the second layer processing, continue to process the third layer and subsequent layers; until all layers are processed, the material can be accurately punched layer by layer from bottom to top; The technical solution of this embodiment is: by changing the starting point position of the center of the circle on the same layer in Embodiment 1, the starting point position is evenly distributed on the circumference; the laser travel path is reasonably planned, and the starting point position of the laser entering the concentric circle is homogenized to be evenly distributed on the entire circumference, thereby improving the smoothness of the inner wall of the hole; this embodiment provides a technical solution of concentric circles plus starting point offset to avoid the problem in traditional technical solutions that the galvanometer will repeatedly process at the same position, produce hot spots and white marks and affect the quality of drilling, while ensuring the true roundness of the drilled hole diameter.

[0013] Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a high-precision drilling system capable of controlling the starting and ending points of the laser, comprising the following modules: Positioning module: accurately fix the material to be processed; Laser equipment calibration module: fully debug and calibrate the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located directly above the Z axis; use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is in a stationary state; Command input module: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing command is input into the control system of the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point "1"; Same-layer circle center processing module: Same-layer circle center processing, when the galvanometer reaches the starting point "1", the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the galvanometer moves to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation; until the same-layer circle center processing is completed; Multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching module: After completing the same-layer circle center processing, when performing multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching, the laser is not turned off, the 3D galvanometer raises the focus according to the command, and each layer is processed according to the concentric circle trajectory in the alternating direction of the inside and outside, and the overall drilling is in the shape of a bow from bottom to top.

[0014] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision laser punching method with controllable starting and ending points, characterized in that: include: S1: Precisely fix the material to be processed; S2: Fully debug and calibrate the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located above the Z axis; Use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is stationary; S3: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing command is input to the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point; S4: Same-layer center processing: when the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the galvanometer moves to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation until the same-layer center processing is completed; S5: After completing the center processing of the same layer, when performing multi-layer processing and switching between layers, the laser is not turned off, and the 3D galvanometer raises the focus according to the command. Each layer is processed according to the concentric circle trajectory in the alternating direction of the inside and outside, and the overall drilling is in the shape of a bow from bottom to top.

2. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of the galvanometer moving quickly and accurately from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point is as follows: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing instructions are input into the control system of the laser drilling system. At the same time, after the instruction receiving and parameter parsing module receives the instructions, it drives the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point; in this process, the movement speed and trajectory of the galvanometer are precisely controlled according to the pre-set instructions to ensure that the galvanometer can quickly and accurately reach the specified position.

3. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of the galvanometer moving to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation is as follows: When the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the laser begins to move at a constant speed along the concentric circles in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; during the movement, the galvanometer is adjusted to ensure that the laser always moves along the predetermined concentric circle trajectory; until the laser returns to the starting position.

4. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific process of the galvanometer moving to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation is as follows: When the laser returns to the starting position, the galvanometer is precisely controlled to move a certain distance along the axis direction. After the galvanometer moves to the starting point of the outer concentric circle, the laser continues to move clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle, and the above process is repeated until it reaches the expected position of the outer concentric circle again, and then moves a certain distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point of the next outer concentric circle; this cycle is repeated until the laser completes the concentric circles on the same layer and completes the center processing of the same layer.

5. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of punching holes from bottom to top in the overall bow-shaped trend is as follows: When the laser completes the first layer of concentric circle trajectory, the 3D galvanometer raises the focus one layer; Entering the second layer of processing, the laser moves in the opposite direction of the first layer, that is, from the outside to the inside of the concentric circle trajectory; The laser starts from the starting point of the outer concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle. After passing the starting point of each concentric circle, it moves to the starting point of the next outer or inner concentric circle according to the preset parameters until the second layer of concentric circles is completed; Entering the third layer of processing, the laser moves in the opposite direction of the second layer, that is, from the inside to the outside in a concentric circle trajectory; The movement process is the same as the first layer; the laser starts from the starting point of the inner concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle. After passing the starting point of each concentric circle, it moves to the starting point of the next outer or inner concentric circle according to the preset parameters until the concentric circle of the third layer is completed; After the third layer is processed, the fourth and subsequent layers are processed. Overall, the laser path follows a "bow" shape from bottom to top, and precise holes are punched layer by layer, and this cycle is repeated until the punching is completed.

6. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of the 3D galvanometer raising the focus according to the instruction is: After the laser completes the first layer of concentric circle trajectory, the laser maintains the laser emission state and does not turn off; at this time, the command of the 3D galvanometer starts to work, and the 3D galvanometer raises the focus by one layer; during the focus raising process, the Z axis of the 3D galvanometer is linked with the X and Y axes to ensure the accuracy and stability of the focus position.

7. A high-precision laser punching method with controllable starting and ending points, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S6: Same-layer center processing: the operator inputs the processing command through the control system, triggering the galvanometer to run the idle stroke from the axis position to the starting point of the first layer of concentric circle; S7: When the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits a laser beam according to the pre-set laser parameters. When the laser passes the starting point, the galvanometer controls the laser to move another specific arc l; Then, the galvanometer moves a spacing distance in the opposite direction of the axis according to the instruction to reach the starting point of the outer concentric circle; the laser continues to move clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle, and after passing the starting point of the outer concentric circle, it moves a specific arc l; then it moves a spacing distance in the opposite direction of the axis to reach the starting point of the next outer concentric circle, and the cycle repeats until the laser completes one layer of concentric circles; S8: Multi-layer concentric circle processing, when the laser completes the processing of the first layer of concentric circle tracks, the laser keeps the laser emission state and does not turn off; After the focus is raised, the laser enters the starting point of the second concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle from the outside to the inside in the opposite direction to the first layer; after the laser passes the starting point of the second concentric circle, it moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point of the first concentric circle of the inner circle, until the laser reaches the starting point of the first concentric circle of the inner circle again, it moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point of the next inner concentric circle, and so on, until the concentric circle of the second layer is completed; After completing the second layer processing, continue processing the third layer and subsequent layers; this cycle continues until all layers are processed, achieving accurate punching of the material layer by layer from bottom to top.

8. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific arc l is obtained by the formula Calculated; where R is the radius of the circle, n is the number of concentric circles in each layer, D is the thickness of the material to be processed, and d is the layer height.

9. A high-precision laser drilling method with controllable starting and ending points according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific method of the multi-layer concentric circle processing is: After the focus is raised, the laser enters the starting point of the second concentric circle and moves clockwise or counterclockwise along the concentric circle from the outside to the inside in the opposite direction to the first layer; after passing the starting point of the second concentric circle, it moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point of the first concentric circle of the inner circle, until it reaches the starting point of the first concentric circle of the inner circle again, and then moves a specific arc l, and then the galvanometer moves a spacing distance along the axis direction to reach the starting point of the next inner concentric circle, and the cycle repeats until the concentric circle of the second layer is completed; After completing the second layer of processing, continue with subsequent processing.

10. A high-precision laser punching system with controllable starting and ending points, characterized in that: include: Positioning module: accurately fix the material to be processed; Laser equipment calibration module: fully debug and calibrate the laser equipment to ensure that the center of the galvanometer is accurately located above the Z axis; Use high-precision positioning tools and measuring instruments to focus on the lower surface of the material to be processed; at the same time, ensure that the Z axis is stationary; Command input module: After the Z axis is stationary, the processing command is input into the control system of the laser drilling system to drive the galvanometer motor to start working; the galvanometer quickly and accurately runs from the axis position to the pre-set concentric circle starting point; Same-layer circle center processing module: Same-layer circle center processing, when the galvanometer reaches the starting point, the laser immediately emits laser according to the preset laser parameters, and the galvanometer moves to the outer concentric circle to continue processing and circulation; until the same-layer circle center processing is completed; Multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching module: After completing the same-layer circle center processing, when performing multi-layer processing and inter-layer switching, the laser is not turned off, the 3D galvanometer raises the focus according to the command, and each layer is processed according to the concentric circle trajectory in the alternating direction of the inside and outside, and the overall drilling is in the shape of a bow from bottom to top.

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