Large-scale natural caving method ore drawing model

Abstract

The invention discloses a large natural caving method ore drawing model which comprises a model box body, the model box body is a detachable spliced box body, fixed angle steel stand columns are arranged on the vertical side edges of the box body, and the four corners of a bottom plate of the box body and the angle steel stand columns are embedded and fixed. The vertical edges of four side plates of the box body are respectively spliced and fixed with the angle steel upright posts through detachable connecting pieces, and the bottom edges of the side plates are connected with the side edges of the bottom plate to define the model box body; the bottom plate comprises a back plate for bearing the pressure of ore particles in the model box body, a three-dimensional ore drawing opening is formed in the middle area of the back plate, a plane ore drawing opening is formed along one side edge of the back plate, and a detachable three-dimensional ore drawing baffle and a detachable plane ore drawing baffle are arranged on the bottom plate to seal the three-dimensional ore drawing opening and the plane ore drawing opening respectively. The three-dimensional ore drawing opening or the plane ore drawing opening is opened according to specific experiments to be in butt joint with the ore drawing structure. The ore drawing simulation experiment of the natural caving method can be well achieved, the applicability is wide, practicability is high, and operability is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a large-scale natural caving method ore-drawing model and an experimental method thereof, belonging to the natural caving method mining experimental technology of underground mines. Background Art

[0002] Block caving refers to an underground mining method that relies solely on bottom pulling and ore release to achieve controlled and continuous caving of ore. Under the premise that the funnel spacing, funnel size and ore discharge equipment are coordinated and the horizontal service life of the funnel meets production requirements, block caving is one of the lowest-cost underground mining methods. As a large-scale mining method with high technical requirements, its production capacity can even be comparable to open-pit mining. It is one of the most ideal methods for mining low-grade, deeply buried hard rock ores at present and in the foreseeable future.

[0003] The bottom structure parameters of the natural caving method are not only related to the stability of the bottom structure, but also closely related to the loss and dilution of the ore. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the bottom structure, the bottom structure parameters mainly depend on the morphological parameters of the ore release body. For the study of the movement law of the bulk body and the morphology of the ore release body during the caving method, the ore release physical model experiment method is one of the most commonly used and effective methods, and has been widely used in many mines and scientific research.

[0004] At present, the main object of research on caving ore-laying models is usually the segmented caving method (such as the multifunctional large-scale ore-laying model and its ore-laying simulation shovel disclosed in Chinese patent application number 201521017615.1, a caving end ore-laying model considering the side wall effect disclosed in Chinese patent application number 201910601654.2, and a bottom pillar-free segmented caving plane ore-laying model and method with adjustable parameters disclosed in Chinese patent application number 202211144543.1). The existing caving ore-laying model research mainly focuses on the methods and improvement technologies for model boundary problems. The caving model and technology can usually adapt to ore-laying model experiments for different ore body inclinations, heights or different mining parameters. However, the ore-laying model is limited by its framework on the one hand. When used to simulate the natural caving method, the similarity ratio used due to the size problem also needs to be larger, resulting in the ore particle size parameter also needing to adopt a model structure with a larger similarity ratio, and the ore particle size is smaller, which affects the ore-laying similarity experiment results. In addition, the existing ore-laying model bottom ore-laying structure parameters are usually designed and manufactured according to the specific stope structure parameters. When the ore-laying structure parameters or morphology change, the model needs to be redesigned or disassembled, which greatly reduces the experimental cost and efficiency. Therefore, in the face of natural caving simulation experiments with higher collapse heights, the existing ore-laying model is limited by the model height and similarity ratio, and it is difficult to effectively use it in the natural caving method ore-laying similarity simulation.

[0005] In addition, in the existing ore-laying models, on the one hand, the ore-laying model can usually only carry out one ore-laying method, a three-dimensional ore-laying method or a two-dimensional ore-laying method. If the ore-laying method needs to be adjusted, it is necessary to redesign or disassemble the entire model. On the other hand, for three-dimensional ore-laying, the ore-laying process is usually an invisible process, and the movement of the ore bulk can only be obtained through indirect means. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: in view of the fact that the existing ore-dropping model cannot meet the requirements of natural caving mining simulation, a large-scale natural caving ore-dropping model and an experimental method thereof which are simple to operate and can realize similar simulation of natural caving ore-dropping are provided.

[0007] The present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A large-scale natural caving method ore-feeding model comprises a model box 5, wherein the model box 5 is fixed vertically, the top is reserved as an opening for loading ore particles, and the bottom is docked to set an ore-feeding structure, the model box 5 is a detachable spliced ​​box, the vertical side edges of the box 5 are provided with fixed angle steel columns, the four corners of the bottom plate of the box 5 are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns, the four vertical sides of the side plates of the box are respectively spliced ​​and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connectors, and the bottom edges of the side plates are joined with the side edges of the bottom plate to form the model box; the bottom plate 59 comprises a back plate 591 for bearing the pressure of ore particles inside the model box, a three-dimensional ore-feeding opening is provided in the middle area of ​​the back plate 591, and a plane ore-feeding opening is provided along one of the side edges, a detachable three-dimensional ore-feeding baffle 592 and a plane ore-feeding baffle 593 are provided on the bottom plate 59 to respectively close the three-dimensional ore-feeding opening and the plane ore-feeding opening, and the three-dimensional ore-feeding opening or the plane ore-feeding opening is opened and docked with the ore-feeding structure 3 according to the specific experiment.

[0009] In a large-scale natural caving mining model of the present invention, further, the angle steel column includes a double layer of equidistantly arranged outer angle steels 57 and inner angle steels 58, and the vertical edges of the box side panels are embedded in the gap between the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58, and are fixed to the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58 at the same time through detachable connecting parts. The inner and outer angle steels are used to position and fix the side panels of the model box, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the model box splicing structure.

[0010] In a large-scale natural caving mining model of the present invention, further, a ring beam 56 is laterally provided on the outer side of the model box 5, and the ring beam 56 is fixed to the angle steel column and the box side plate by a detachable connecting piece, and the ring beam improves the compressive strength of the model box side plate.

[0011] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-laying model of the present invention, further, the side panels of the box body are spliced ​​by a plurality of sub-side panels in the height direction, and the sub-side panels are spliced ​​at the ring beam 56 and fixedly connected to the ring beam 56 to achieve splicing and fixation. The side panels of the model box body can flexibly adjust the height of the model box body through the spliced ​​sides.

[0012] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-laying model of the present invention, further, the front plate and the left and right side plates in the side plates of the box are made of transparent materials, and the image data of the simulated ore particle placement inside the box is obtained by placing a high-speed camera 8 on the front of the model box; the rear plate in the side plates of the box is provided with a plurality of openable movable doors 55 along the height direction to meet the image data collection during the ore-laying process and the replenishment and adjustment of the ore particles.

[0013] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-feeding model of the present invention, further, the ore-feeding structure 3 includes an ore-feeding panel 32, an ore-feeding connecting plate 33 and an ore-feeding partition 34. The ore-feeding panel 32 is embedded in a three-dimensional ore-feeding opening or a plane ore-feeding opening on the bottom plate 59 of the model box, and is provided with an ore-feeding port 31 smaller than the ore-feeding opening. The ore-feeding connecting plate 33 is arranged on the outside of the ore-feeding panel 32, and the ore-feeding panel 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 59 by a detachable connecting piece. The ore-feeding partition 34 forms an ore-feeding channel extending and communicating with the ore-feeding port 31 on the outside of the ore-feeding panel, and the bottom of the ore-feeding channel is an ore outlet 36. The ore-feeding structure is detachably connected to the bottom plate of the model box, which is convenient for switching and adjusting between the three-dimensional ore-feeding mode and the plane ore-feeding mode. By replacing the ore-feeding structure of ore-feeding ports of different sizes, the ore-feeding simulation experiment of ore-feeding ports of different parameters can be realized through the same model box.

[0014] In a large-scale natural caving method ore discharge model of the present invention, it further includes a displacement meter 9 buried in different ore particle height layers in the model box 5, and the displacement meter 9 in the same ore particle height layer includes a plurality of displacement sensors 93, which form a layered displacement sensor array distributed in a vertical plane above the ore discharge port inside the ore particles of the model box, and the displacement sensor 93 is connected to a data collector 91 and a data storage device 92 outside the model box through a signal transmission line.

[0015] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-feeding model of the present invention, further, the displacement sensors 93 of the displacement meter 9 on the same layer are connected in series into a flexible chain through a plurality of joints 94, and pass through the model box from the opposite side plates of the corresponding height of the model box, and the plurality of displacement sensors connected in series thereon are distributed in the model box above the ore-feeding opening, the displacement meter 9 is fixed to one of the side plates and is slidingly arranged between the other side plates, so that the displacement meter can adapt to the displacement changes caused by the settling and collapse of the ore particles.

[0016] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-laying model of the present invention, it further includes a lifting device 6 for loading ore particles into the model box, the lifting device 6 includes a lifting column 61, a cross beam 62, an electric hoist 63 and a lifting bucket 64, the lifting column 61 and the cross beam 62 form a gantry, the cross beam 62 is located above the top of the model box, the electric hoist 63 is slidably set on the cross beam 62, and the lifting bucket 64 is suspended on the electric hoist 63. The lifting device of the gantry structure can quickly replenish ore particles inside the model box.

[0017] In a large-scale natural caving method ore-discharging model of the present invention, further, the gantry of the lifting device 6 and the angle steel column of the model box 5 are fixedly connected and fixed to the concrete foundation 1 below the model box by integral casting. The concrete foundation 1 is provided with a pedestal 2 below the model box, and ore is discharged from between the pedestal and the bottom of the model box. A support column 4 is provided between the pedestal 2 and the bottom plate of the model box 5, and the angle steel columns between the lifting device and the model box are integrally cast and fixed to the concrete foundation, thereby improving the stability of the overall model structure.

[0018] The present invention adopts the above technical solution to achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) Compared with the existing ore-feeding model, the large-scale natural caving ore-feeding model proposed in the present invention adopts a splicable model box structure, and the height of the model box can be adjusted to 3.85m. It is combined with the movable openings of the side panels of the model box and a lifting device, and the ore is discharged through the lower structure, which meets the working conditions for arranging ore loading and monitoring means such as marker particles at different heights. It overcomes the deficiency of traditional ore-feeding models that are difficult to use in natural caving ore-feeding simulation due to scale problems, and can meet similar simulation conditions for natural caving ore-feeding while ensuring the safety and stability of the experiment.

[0020] (2) The present invention adopts a detachable bottom ore-releasing structure, and can realize similar simulation of planar ore-releasing and three-dimensional ore-releasing in natural caving method by docking and installing the ore-releasing structures in different positions on the bottom of the bottom plate of the model box. Simulation experiments of different ore-releasing opening parameters can be carried out by replacing the ore-releasing structures with ore-releasing openings of different sizes. There is no need to dismantle the model box or rebuild the model, thereby reducing the experimental cost and time cost caused by dismantling or recasting the model. At the same time, it can meet the conditions of three-dimensional ore-releasing and two-dimensional ore-releasing, and solve the problem that the parameters or positions of the ore-releasing openings of general ore-releasing models are difficult to change flexibly, thereby improving the efficiency of simulation experiments of different ore-releasing methods in natural caving method.

[0021] (3) The present invention sets the front plate and the two side plates of the model box body to transparent materials, and uses a high-speed camera to record the movement of loose ore particles during the ore discharge process, so that the natural caving method ore discharge simulation process has visualization.

[0022] (4) The present invention only needs to disassemble and replace the side panels and the ore-releasing structure of the model box to switch and adjust the ore-releasing parameters of the entire ore-releasing model. Therefore, the present invention can directly cast and fix the angle steel columns and the lifting device of the model box in a concrete foundation, so that the entire model structure is more stable.

[0023] In summary, the large-scale natural caving method ore-laying model provided by the present invention can well realize the natural caving method ore-laying simulation experiment, has the advantages of wide applicability, strong practicality and simple operation, can effectively realize the research and visualization of the movement state of ore particles during the ore-laying experiment, and has reference and guiding value for actual engineering.

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a front schematic diagram of a large-scale natural caving ore-drawing model according to an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of a large-scale natural caving ore-drawing model according to an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a front view of the model in the embodiment with the lifting device removed.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a rear view of the model in the embodiment with the lifting device removed.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the model box in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 6 It is a top view of the model box in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the local connection between the angle steel columns and the side panels of the model box in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of two sides of the bottom plate of the model box in the embodiment.

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional ore-drawing structure adopted in the embodiment.

[0034] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the planar ore drawing structure adopted in the embodiment.

[0035] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the lifting device in the embodiment.

[0036] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the model ore-laying image acquisition using a high-speed camera.

[0037] Fig.14 It is a front view of the displacement meter arranged inside the model box in the embodiment.

[0038] Fig.15 It is a side view of the displacement meter arranged inside the model box in the embodiment.

[0039] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the displacement meter in the embodiment.

[0040] Numbers in the figure: 1-concrete foundation, 2-capping platform, 3-ore discharge structure, 31-ore discharge port, 32-ore discharge panel, 33-ore discharge connection plate, 34-ore discharge partition, 35-blocking processing port, 36-ore discharge port, 4-support column, 5-model box, 51-box left side plate, 52-box front plate, 53-box right side plate, 54-box rear plate, 55-traps door, 56-ring beam, 57-external angle steel, 58-inner angle steel, 59 - bottom plate, 591- back plate, 592- three-dimensional ore-discharging baffle, 593- flat ore-discharging baffle, 594- baffle connecting plate, 595- connecting bolt, 596- locking nut, 6- lifting device, 61- lifting column, 62- crossbeam, 63- electric hoist, 64- lifting bucket, 7- ladder, 8- high-speed camera; 9- displacement meter, 91- data collector, 92- data storage device, 93- displacement sensor, 94- joint.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making innovative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Example

[0043] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the figure shows a specific implementation scheme of a large-scale natural caving method ore-feeding model of the present invention, which specifically includes a concrete foundation 1, a cap 2, an ore-feeding structure 3, a support column 4, a model box 5, a lifting device 6 and a ladder 7, wherein the concrete foundation 1 and the cap 2 are the basis of the entire model, the model box 5 is fixedly arranged on the concrete foundation 1 and the cap 2, and is supported by the support column 4, and the ore-feeding structure 3 is arranged at the bottom of the model box 5, and the ore particles filled in the model box 5 are subjected to a simulated natural caving method ore-feeding operation, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the lifting device 6 and the ladder 7 are used to assist in filling the interior of the model box 5 with ore particles.

[0044] Specifically, the model box 5 is the main structure of the natural caving method ore-dropping simulation experiment in this embodiment. The model box 5 is vertically fixed on the concrete foundation 1 and the base 2, the top is reserved for the opening for loading ore particles, and the bottom is connected to the ore-dropping structure 3. Figure 5 As shown, the model box 5 in this embodiment is a detachable splicing box, including four side panels and a bottom plate 59. The four vertical sides of the box 5 are set as fixed angle steel columns. The four corners of the bottom plate 59 of the box 5 are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns. The four vertical sides of the side panels of the box 5 are respectively spliced ​​and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connectors such as bolts. The bottom edge of the side panel is connected with the side edge of the bottom plate 59 to form a model box. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the main body of the bottom plate 59 is a back plate 591 that bears the ore pressure inside the model box, a three-dimensional ore-releasing opening is provided in the middle area of ​​the back plate 591, and a plane ore-releasing opening is provided along one of the side edges, and a detachable three-dimensional ore-releasing baffle 592 and a plane ore-releasing baffle 593 are provided on the bottom plate 59 to close the three-dimensional ore-releasing opening and the plane ore-releasing opening respectively. The three-dimensional ore-releasing opening or the plane ore-releasing opening is opened to connect with the ore-releasing structure 3 according to the specific experiment.

[0045] See Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The angle steel columns of the model box include double layers of equally spaced outer angle steels 57 and inner angle steels 58. The vertical edges of the box side panels are embedded in the gaps between the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58. Aligned mounting holes are processed on the vertical edges of the box side panels and the outer angle steels and the inner angle steels. The box side panels are fixed together with the outer angle steels 57 and the inner angle steels 58 by detachable connectors such as bolts.

[0046] The "inside" and "outside" referred to here are relative to the inside and outside of the model box, wherein the outer angle steel 57 contacts the outer side surface of the box side panel and is located on the outside of the model box, and the inner angle steel contacts the inner side surface of the box side panel and is located on the inside of the model box. The four corners of the bottom plate 59 are embedded with the inner angle steels 58 of the four groups of angle steel columns, and are butted with the bottom edge of the side plate fixed with the angle steel columns. The side plates of the model box are positioned and fixed by the inner and outer angle steels, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the model box splicing structure.

[0047] A ring beam 56 is transversely arranged on the outer side surface of the model box 5. The ring beam 56 is surrounded by four steel sections arranged along the outer sides of the four side panels of the model box. The ring beam 56 is fixed to the angle steel column and the side panels of the box by detachable connecting parts such as bolts. The ring beam 56 connected in a rectangle constrains the side panels of the model box. Multiple groups of ring beams 56 are arranged at different heights of the model box 5 to improve the pressure-bearing strength of the side panels of the model box, thereby further improving the stability of the model box.

[0048] The box side panels are spliced ​​by several sub-side panels in the height direction. The sub-side panels are spliced ​​at the ring beam 56 and are fixed by fixed connection with the ring beam 56. By splicing the sub-side panels into the box side panels, the height of the model box 5 can be flexibly adjusted, and the ore placement height can be quickly adjusted without the need to disassemble and reinstall the model boxes of different heights. The ring beam 56 also provides a splicing and fixing position for the sub-side panels.

[0049] The four side panels of the model box are respectively the left side panel 51, the front panel 52, the right side panel 53 and the rear panel 54. The front panel 52, the left side panel 51 and the right side panel of the box are all made of transparent acrylic panels, so that the ore placing process inside the model box can be observed. By placing a high-speed camera 8 on the front of the model box, the image data of the simulated ore particle placing inside the box can be obtained. Fig.13 The box rear plate 54 is made of metal plate, and a plurality of openable trapdoors 55 are arranged along the height direction. When the ore particles are filled into the model box, the ore pile inside the box can be leveled by opening the trapdoors 55 .

[0050] In this embodiment, the bottom plate 59 of the model box body is designed with a detachable ore discharge port structure that can be quickly switched. Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, the bottom plate 59 is the main load-bearing structure in the process of ore discharge in the ore pile in the model box, and its back plate 591 is made of a metal plate with higher strength. A rectangular opening with a length of 30 cm and a width of 30 cm is cut and processed in the central area of ​​the back plate 591 as a three-dimensional ore discharge opening, and a rectangular opening with a length of 30 cm and a width of 15 cm is cut and processed at the edge of the back plate 591 as a plane ore discharge opening. One of the long sides of the plane ore discharge opening is on the same side as the back plate 591 and is set close to the front plate of the model box. Mounting holes are processed and set around the three-dimensional ore discharge opening and the plane ore discharge opening. The mounting holes are welded and fixed with locking nuts 596 on one side of the top surface of the back plate located in the model box. The three-dimensional ore discharge baffle 592 and the plane ore discharge baffle 593 are fixed to the back plate 591 on one side of the bottom surface of the back plate outside the model box by detachable connecting bolts 595, respectively closing the three-dimensional ore discharge opening and the plane ore discharge opening, and the ore discharge baffle and the ore discharge structure are easy to disassemble and install from the bottom of the bottom plate. The three-dimensional ore-discharging baffle 592 and the plane ore-discharging baffle 593 are respectively processed into sizes that can be embedded in the three-dimensional ore-discharging opening and the plane ore-discharging opening, and a baffle connecting plate 594 is processed on the outer side of the three-dimensional ore-discharging baffle 592 and the plane ore-discharging baffle 593. A through hole is set on the baffle connecting plate 594 that is aligned with the mounting hole on the back plate. The connecting bolts 595 fix the three-dimensional ore-discharging baffle 592 and the plane ore-discharging baffle 593 to the bottom plate 59 respectively through the baffle connecting plate 594.

[0051] The ore discharge opening of the model box bottom plate 59 is closed by a three-dimensional ore discharge baffle 592 and a plane ore discharge baffle 593. When conducting a corresponding ore discharge simulation experiment, the three-dimensional ore discharge opening or the plane ore discharge opening is opened to connect with the ore discharge structure 3. Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the main body of the ore-discharging structure 3 connecting the three-dimensional ore-discharging opening and the two-dimensional ore-discharging opening has the same structure, and both include an ore-discharging panel 32, an ore-discharging connecting plate 33 and an ore-discharging partition 34. The ore-discharging panel 32 is embedded in the three-dimensional ore-discharging opening or the two-dimensional ore-discharging opening on the bottom plate 59 of the model box, wherein the size of the ore-discharging panel 32 corresponding to the three-dimensional ore-discharging opening is the same as the size of the three-dimensional ore-discharging baffle 592, and the size of the ore-discharging panel 32 corresponding to the two-dimensional ore-discharging opening is the same as the size of the two-dimensional ore-discharging baffle 593, and both are provided with an ore-discharging opening 31 smaller than the ore-discharging opening, and the connection method between the ore-discharging structure and the ore-discharging opening is also the same as that of the ore-discharging baffle, and an ore-discharging connecting plate 33 is provided on the outer side of the ore-discharging panel 32, and the ore-discharging connecting plate 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 59 by connecting bolts. Four ore-discharging partitions 34 are welded on the outside of the ore-discharging panel 32 to form an ore-discharging channel extending and communicating with the ore-discharging port 31 on the ore-discharging panel 32. The ore-discharging channel extends vertically downward, and a notch is processed at the bottom of one of the ore-discharging partitions of the ore-discharging channel to form an ore outlet 36. In addition, a blocking processing port 35 is processed on the ore-discharging partition above the ore outlet 36 to facilitate clearing of ore particles blocked in the ore-discharging channel.

[0052] In actual applications, the sizes of the three-dimensional ore-releasing openings and the two-dimensional ore-releasing openings on the bottom plate of the model box are fixed. Multiple groups of ore-releasing openings of different sizes can be set for the three-dimensional ore-releasing structure and the two-dimensional ore-releasing structure respectively. The ore-releasing structure 3 and the bottom plate of the model box 5 are detachably connected, and can be switched and adjusted between the three-dimensional ore-releasing mode and the two-dimensional ore-releasing mode. By replacing the ore-releasing structure of the ore-releasing openings of different sizes, the ore-releasing simulation experiment of ore-releasing openings with different parameters can be realized through the same model box.

[0053] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig.12 In this embodiment, a lifting device 6 is provided for loading ore particles into the model box. The lifting device 6 includes a lifting column 61, a crossbeam 62, an electric hoist 63 and a lifting bucket 64. The lifting column 61 and the crossbeam 62 form a gantry. The crossbeam 62 is located above the top of the model box. The electric hoist 63 is slidably set on the crossbeam 62. The lifting bucket 64 is hung on the electric hoist 63. The lifting device of the gantry structure can quickly replenish ore inside the model box. The electric hoist 63 can be remotely controlled to slide freely on the crossbeam 62.

[0054] In this embodiment, the gantry of the lifting device 6 and the angle steel column of the model box 5 are fixedly connected, and fixed to the concrete foundation 1 below the model box through integral casting. The concrete foundation 1 is provided with a cap 2 below the model box, and the ore is discharged from between the cap and the bottom of the model box, and a support column 4 is provided between the cap 2 and the bottom plate of the model box 5, and the bottom plate of the model box after the ore particles are filled is supported by the support column 4. The concrete foundation 1 is excavated from the ground downward by an excavator, and is cast together with the bottom of the angle steel column of the model box 6 with concrete to ensure that the concrete foundation 1 is flush with the ground, and is used to transfer the heavy load of the model through the angle steel column to the concrete foundation 1, so as to ensure the stability and durability of the model as a whole. The cap 2 is also cast by concrete directly below the concrete foundation 1 and the bottom of the model box 5, and the cap 2 increases the horizontal height of the ore discharge to improve the convenience of the ore discharge work.

[0055] Considering the high height of the model, the present embodiment also configures a ladder 7 on one side of the model box to facilitate the experimenter to perform experimental operations on the model box, including model box splicing, ore particle auxiliary filling, and sensor arrangement. The ladder 7 is installed on the side of the rear plate of the model box, will not block the camera from collecting images of the model experiment, and is on the same side as the trapdoor set on the rear plate of the model box. The ladder adopts a steel structure and is welded and fixed to the angle steel pillar of the model box.

[0056] The experimental operator loads the ore particles into the lifting bucket 64 on the ground, and lifts the lifting bucket 64 filled with ore particles to the inside of the model box 5 by operating the electric hoist 63 and pours the ore particles into the model box 5, or the experimental operator opens the trapdoor 55 through the back plate 54 of the box to directly pour the bulk ore into the model box 5. With the help of the ladder 7 and the trapdoor 55, the experimental operator arranges the corresponding marking particles and displacement meters when the bulk ore reaches a certain height. When the loading height of the bulk ore particles and the overlying surrounding rock particles reaches the experimental requirements, the experimental operator can carry out the mining operation through the pedestal 2 through the mining outlet 31 according to the experimental requirements. During the mining process, as the depth of the descending funnel of the ore particles inside the model box gradually increases, the electric hoist 63 is used to control the lifting bucket 64 to load the overlying surrounding rock particles to supplement the top of the model box to level the descending funnel until the mining experiment is completed, thereby achieving the purpose of the similar experiment of natural caving method mining.

[0057] In order to further accurately obtain the movement and range of ore particles in the model during the natural caving method, in the process of filling ore particles inside the model box, displacement meters 9 are buried in different ore height layers in the model box, such as Fig.14 , Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, the displacement meter 9 in the same ore height layer includes a plurality of displacement sensors 93, and a layered displacement sensor array distributed in a vertical plane above the ore discharge port is formed inside the ore particles of the model box. When the ore particles are discharged from the bottom plate of the model box, the displacement meter 9 buried in the ore particles will deform as the ore particles descend. Since the multiple displacement sensors of the displacement meter are distributed at different heights in the model box, the relative displacement data of the overall deformation of the ore particles can be recorded. In this way, the movement and range of ore particles at different positions in the model during the ore discharge process of the natural caving method are monitored. The displacement sensor 93 is connected to the data acquisition device 91 and the data storage device 92 outside the model box through a signal transmission line.

[0058] In order to facilitate the deployment and recovery of the displacement meter 9, the displacement sensors 93 of the displacement meter 9 on the same layer are connected in series into a flexible chain through several joints 94 in this embodiment. When the ore particles in the model box are filled to the height of the displacement meter installation, the entire displacement meter 9 is directly installed, and the model box is passed through the opposite side plate of the model box at the corresponding height, and the several displacement sensors 93 connected in series are directly distributed in the model box above the ore discharge opening. The displacement meter 9 is fixed to one of the side plates and is slidably arranged between the other side plates, that is, the diameter of the hole through which the displacement meter is arranged on the side plate is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the displacement meter, so that the displacement meter can freely enter and exit through the hole, so that the displacement meter can adapt to the displacement changes caused by the settlement and collapse of the ore particles. After all the displacement sensors 93 of the displacement meter 9 are connected in series through the joints 94, the signal transmission lines led out of all the displacement sensors 93 are wrapped together into an integral flexible chain, and all the signal transmission lines are led out of the model box from the side plate where the displacement meter is fixed, and connected to the data acquisition device 91 and the data storage device 92. During the ore-laying and caving process in the model box, the displacement sensors therein are driven to settle, and the displacement meter 9 slides through one side plate and is fixed to the other opposite side plate to adapt to the bending deformation of the entire series of displacement meters 9 caused by the settlement of the series displacement sensors. The outer surface of the wrapped displacement meter 9 is covered with a plastic film with a smaller friction coefficient, or a lubricant is applied to the displacement meter 9 to reduce the friction coefficient between the other side plate.

[0059] The specific implementation steps of the natural caving method simulation ore drawing experiment in this embodiment are described in detail below.

[0060] In the first step, the outer angle steel 57 , the inner angle steel 58 , the side plates of the model box, the bottom plate 59 and the ring beam 56 are welded and detachably assembled to complete the assembly of the model box 5 .

[0061] In the second step, the lifting column 61 and the crossbeam 62 of the lifting device 6 are assembled and welded to complete the assembly of the gantry of the lifting device 6.

[0062] The third step is to dig a construction pit for the concrete foundation 1 from the ground downwards at the designated location, vertically place the angle steel column of the model box 5 and the lifting column 61 of the lifting device 6 in the middle of the excavated foundation and fix them as a whole, pour concrete into the construction pit until the concrete reaches the ground level, and then construct the concrete foundation 1.

[0063] In the fourth step, after the concrete foundation 1 solidifies, the cap 2 is poured in the middle of the concrete foundation 1 and directly below the model box 5 .

[0064] Step 5: Complete the assembly and welding of the ladder 7 and weld it to the angle steel column on the same side of the rear plate 54 of the model box 5.

[0065] Step 6: Select the ore-feeding structure 3 required for the experiment. For example, if a three-dimensional ore-feeding simulation experiment of the natural caving method is conducted, the three-dimensional ore-feeding baffle 592 at the center of the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5 is removed, and the ore-feeding structure 3 for three-dimensional ore-feeding is selected to embed its ore-feeding panel 32 into the three-dimensional ore-feeding opening at the center of the bottom plate 59, and the bottom plate 59 and the ore-feeding connecting plate 33 are connected by connecting bolts; if a plane ore-feeding simulation experiment of the natural caving method is conducted, the plane ore-feeding baffle 593 at the side of the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5 is removed, and the ore-feeding structure 3 for plane ore-feeding is selected to embed its ore-feeding panel 32 into the plane ore-feeding opening at the side of the bottom plate 59, and the bottom plate 59 and the ore-feeding connecting plate 33 are connected by connecting bolts to complete the installation of the ore-feeding structure. Then, the support column 4 is placed between the bottom plate 59 of the model box 5 and the base 2.

[0066] In the seventh step, the electric hoist 63 is installed on the crossbeam 62 , and the hook of the electric hoist 63 is connected to the lifting bucket 64 , thereby completing the assembly of the lifting device 6 .

[0067] In the eighth step, the electric hoist 63 of the remote-controlled lifting device 6 is used to lift the lifting bucket 64 filled with ore particles to the top of the model box 5 and pour it into the box, or the ore particles are manually loaded into the model box 5 through the trapdoor 55 of the rear plate 54 of the box.

[0068] In the ninth step, after the ore loading in the model box reaches a certain height, the experimental operator levels the loaded ore through the ladder 7 and the trapdoor 55 and sets marking particles or arranges the displacement meter 9. After the arrangement is completed, the trapdoor 55 at that height is closed and the ore loading continues until the ore loading in the model box reaches the specified height.

[0069] In the tenth step, the lifting bucket 64 filled with overlying surrounding rock particles is lifted to the top of the ore particle pile in the model box 5 by remote control of the electric hoist 63, and poured into the model box 5, and the cycle is repeated until the overlying surrounding rock particles are filled to a specified height.

[0070] In the eleventh step, the experimental operator performs mining operations at the mining outlet 36 of the mining structure 3. During the mining process, the depth of the funnel gradually increases as the model box descends. The electric hoist 63 is used to lift the overlying surrounding rock particles into the model for replenishment. If a planar mining simulation experiment is conducted, a high-speed camera 8 is also required to be arranged in front of the front plate of the model box to collect images of the migration process of rock particles in the model box 5 during the collapse and mining process.

[0071] Step 12: Repeat step 11 until overlying rock particles appear at the ore outlet, stop the ore discharge operation, and the model ore discharge operation is completed.

[0072] In the thirteenth step, after the ore is discharged, the residual ore particles in the model box are removed through the trap door 55.

[0073] The fourteenth step is to remove the ore-drawing structure 3 on the model bottom plate 59.

[0074] According to different experimental requirements, a ore discharge structure 3 with different ore discharge opening shapes or sizes can be selected, and the new ore discharge structure 3 is connected to the box bottom plate 59 through the ore discharge connection plate 33. Compared with the existing ore discharge model, the present embodiment can adjust the ore discharge opening parameter method without dismantling the model box or rebuilding the model, thereby reducing the experimental cost and time cost caused by dismantling or recasting the model, and effectively improving the efficiency of the experiment.

[0075] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of the description of the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component has a specific direction, is constructed and operated in a specific direction, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0076] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise indicated or described, the terms "connection" and "connected" can be understood in a broad sense, such as fixed connection, integral connection, mechanical connection, electrical connection, intermediate medium interval connection, etc. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0077] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A large-scale natural caving ore-drawing model, characterized in that: The model box (5) comprises a model box (5) which is fixed vertically, with an opening at the top for loading ore particles and a bottom for docking and setting an ore discharge structure, and is characterized by: The model box (5) is a detachable splicing box, the vertical side edges of the box (5) are provided with fixed angle steel columns, the four corners of the bottom plate of the box (5) are embedded and fixed with the angle steel columns, the vertical edges of the four side plates of the box are respectively spliced ​​and fixed with the angle steel columns through detachable connectors, and the bottom edges of the side plates are joined with the side edges of the bottom plate to form the model box; The bottom plate (59) includes a back plate (591) for bearing the pressure of ore particles inside the model box, a three-dimensional ore discharge opening is provided in the middle area of ​​the back plate (591), and a plane ore discharge opening is provided along one of the side edges, and a detachable three-dimensional ore discharge baffle (592) and a plane ore discharge baffle (593) are provided on the bottom plate (59) to respectively close the three-dimensional ore discharge opening and the plane ore discharge opening, and the three-dimensional ore discharge opening or the plane ore discharge opening is opened according to the specific experiment to connect with the ore discharge structure (3).

2. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle steel column comprises a double layer of outer angle steels (57) and inner angle steels (58) arranged at equal intervals, and the vertical edge of the box body side plate is embedded in the gap between the outer angle steel (57) and the inner angle steel (58), and is fixed to the outer angle steel (57) and the inner angle steel (58) at the same time through a detachable connecting piece.

3. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 2, characterized in that: A ring beam (56) is transversely arranged on the outer side surface of the model box body (5), and the ring beam (56) is fixed to the angle steel column and the box body side plate via a detachable connecting piece.

4. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The box body side panels are spliced ​​together in the height direction by a plurality of sub-side panels, the sub-side panels are spliced ​​together at the ring beam (56), and are spliced ​​and fixed by being fixedly connected to the ring beam (56).

5. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front plate and the left and right side plates of the box side plates are all made of transparent material, and a high-speed camera (8) is placed on the front of the model box to obtain image data of simulated ore particle placement inside the box; The rear plate of the box body side plate is provided with a plurality of openable trapdoors (55) along the height direction.

6. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ore-feeding structure (3) comprises an ore-feeding panel (32), an ore-feeding connecting plate (33) and an ore-feeding partition (34); the ore-feeding panel (32) is embedded in a three-dimensional ore-feeding opening or a plane ore-feeding opening on a bottom plate (59) of a model box body, and is provided with an ore-feeding port (31) smaller than the ore-feeding port; the ore-feeding connecting plate (33) is arranged outside the ore-feeding panel (32), and the ore-feeding panel (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate (59) by a detachable connecting piece; the ore-feeding partition (34) is surrounded outside the ore-feeding panel to form an ore-feeding channel extending and communicating with the ore-feeding port (31); the bottom of the ore-feeding channel is an ore-discharging port (36).

7. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises displacement meters (9) buried in different ore particle height layers in the model box (5); the displacement meters (9) in the same ore particle height layer comprise a plurality of displacement sensors (93); a layered displacement sensor array distributed in a vertical plane above the ore discharge port is formed inside the ore particles in the model box; the displacement sensors (93) are connected to a data acquisition device (91) and a data storage device (92) outside the model box via a signal transmission line.

8. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The displacement sensors (93) of the displacement meter (9) on the same layer are connected in series to form a flexible chain through a plurality of joints (94), and pass through the model box from the opposite side plates at the corresponding height of the model box, and the plurality of displacement sensors connected in series are distributed in the model box above the ore discharge opening, and the displacement meter (9) is fixed to one of the side plates and is slidably arranged between the other side plates.

9. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a lifting device (6) for loading ore particles into the model box, wherein the lifting device (6) comprises a lifting column (61), a crossbeam (62), an electric hoist (63) and a lifting bucket (64), wherein the lifting column (61) and the crossbeam (62) form a gantry, wherein the crossbeam (62) is located above the top of the model box, the electric hoist (63) is slidably arranged on the crossbeam (62), and the lifting bucket (64) is suspended on the electric hoist (63).

10. A large-scale natural caving ore drawing model according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gantry of the lifting device (6) is fixedly connected to the angle steel column of the model box (5) and fixed to the concrete foundation (1) below the model box by integral casting. The concrete foundation (1) is provided with a cap (2) below the model box, and ore is taken out from between the cap and the bottom of the model box, and a support column (4) is provided between the cap (2) and the bottom plate of the model box (5).

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