Bridge cable laying intelligent management system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cable laying, in particular to a bridge cable laying intelligent management system and monitoring method, a monitoring platform is matched with an intelligent pulley module, cable damage is effectively prevented by monitoring the laying length and laying pressure of a cable in real time, the service life of the cable is prolonged, and the cable laying efficiency is improved. The automation and intelligence of the cable laying process are realized, and the accuracy and efficiency of cable laying are improved. Through long-term monitoring of the cable laying construction state, potential faults can be found and processed in time, safety accidents are prevented, the safety of the cable laying process is improved, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable laying, and more specifically, to an intelligent management system and monitoring method for laying cables on a bridge. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modernization construction, cable, as the main carrier of power transmission, its laying quality is directly related to the stable operation of the power system. In the traditional cable laying process, cable length measurement, laying pressure control and operation status monitoring often rely on manual operation, which has the following technical problems: the cable length measurement error is large, which can easily lead to the cable being too long or too short, affecting the quality and progress of the project; the pressure on the cable during the laying process cannot be monitored in real time, which can easily cause cable damage; there is a lack of effective monitoring means, and it is impossible to timely discover and deal with abnormal situations in the cable laying process;

[0003] Therefore, an intelligent management system and monitoring method for laying cables in a bridge are proposed to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent management system and monitoring method for laying cables in a bridge, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an intelligent management system for cable laying in a bridge frame, comprising: a supervision platform and several intelligent pulley modules; the supervision platform is arranged at the system terminal, and is respectively communicated with several of the intelligent pulley modules, and the supervision platform is used to collect parameters collected by several of the intelligent pulley modules and then evaluate the construction quality of the cable laying project; several of the intelligent pulley modules are arranged at the cable laying site of the project site, and are used to monitor and collect various parameters in the cable laying process and transmit them to the supervision platform.

[0006] Optionally, the intelligent pulley module includes: at least one guide component for guiding the cable, at least one connecting component, a first test component for measuring the length of the laid cable, a second test component for measuring the pressure when the cable is laid, and a communication module; the guide component is hinged to one end of the second test component; the other end of the second test component is hinged to one end of the connecting component; the other end of the connecting component is hinged to the first test component; the receiving end of the communication module is electrically connected to the first test component and the second test component, respectively; the sending end of the communication module is communicatively connected to the supervision platform.

[0007] Optionally, the first test assembly includes: a first support frame, a first measuring wheel and a detection member for detecting the length of the cable passing through the first measuring wheel; the first support frame is hinged to the connecting assembly; first mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the first support frame; the first measuring wheel is rotatably connected to the two first mounting holes respectively; the detection member is provided at the bottom of the first support frame; the detection end of the detection member is electrically connected to the first measuring wheel; and the detection member is electrically connected to the communication module.

[0008] Optionally, the second test assembly includes: a second support frame, a second measuring wheel, and a pressure sensor for detecting the laying pressure of the cable passing through the second measuring wheel; one end of the second support frame is hinged to the connecting assembly, and the other end is hinged to the guide assembly; second mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the second support frame; the second measuring wheel is rotatably connected to the two second mounting holes respectively; the pressure sensor is provided on the second support frame; the detection end of the pressure sensor abuts against the second measuring wheel; and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the communication module.

[0009] Optionally, the connecting assembly includes: a connecting frame and a connecting wheel; one end of the connecting frame is hinged to the first test assembly, and the other end is hinged to the second test assembly; third mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the connecting frame; and the connecting wheel is rotatably connected to the two third mounting holes.

[0010] Optionally, the guide assembly includes: a guide frame and a guide wheel; the guide frame is hinged to the second test assembly; fourth mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the guide frame; and the guide wheel is rotatably connected to the two fourth mounting holes respectively.

[0011] Optionally, the supervision platform also includes: a remote APP and a memory operation system; the memory card is used to store data transmitted by several of the smart pulley modules; the remote APP is used to receive and store data transmitted by several of the smart pulley modules.

[0012] A cable bridge monitoring method based on the above-mentioned intelligent management system for cable bridge installation comprises:

[0013] Step A: The supervision platform collects data transmitted by several intelligent pulley modules and performs data preprocessing on the data; the data preprocessing includes data cleaning, outlier processing and normalization;

[0014] Step B: The supervision platform calculates the quality index of the cable laying at each laying point based on the processed data;

[0015] Step C: Compare the calculated quality index of the cable laying with the set quality standard to obtain an evaluation value of the cable laying point, and generate corresponding treatment measures according to the evaluation value to achieve the effect of monitoring the cable laying point.

[0016] Optionally, in step B, the quality index of the cable laying at each laying point is calculated based on the processed data. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0017] Substitute the processed data into the quality index formula of cable laying QI=α·L+β·P+γ·V+δ·C, where L represents the length of the laid cable, P represents the pressure when laying the cable, V represents the laying speed when laying the cable, and C represents the type of laid cable; α, β, γ and δ are reference weight coefficients of various reference factors, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions, where α+β+γ+δ=1.

[0018] Optionally, in step C, the calculated quality index of the cable laying is compared with the set quality standard to obtain an evaluation value of the cable laying point, and corresponding treatment measures are generated according to the evaluation value. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0019] C1. When QI <QI low or QI>QI high In the case of "high alert", it means that the cable laying quality is unqualified or there is a serious risk. The treatment measures should be "immediately suspend the laying operation to prevent further quality problems or safety accidents, and conduct a detailed inspection of the laid cable sections to find out the specific reasons that may cause the abnormal quality index. At the same time, the laid cables should be repaired or replaced as necessary to ensure the overall project quality". low Expressed as the lowest limit of the quality index, QI high Expressed as the upper limit of the quality index;

[0020] C2. When QI low <QI<QI high In the case of "intermediate alarm", it means that the cable laying quality is within an acceptable range, but there are certain risks. The treatment measures should be taken: "monitor the current laying operation, pay close attention to the changing trend of the quality index, check whether there are potential problems, strengthen the training and guidance of operators, ensure standardized operation, and reduce human errors";

[0021] C3. When QI safe ≤QI≤QI optimal In the case of QI, it is in "good working condition", indicating that the cable laying quality is good and no special measures are needed; safe Safety value expressed as quality index, QI optimalExpressed as the optimal value of the quality index; the relationship between the various standard indices satisfies QI low <QI safe ≤QI optimal ≤QI high .

[0022] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The monitoring platform and the intelligent pulley module work together to monitor the laying length and laying pressure of the cable in real time, effectively preventing cable damage, extending the service life of the cable, realizing the automation and intelligence of the cable laying process, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of cable laying; through long-term monitoring of the cable laying construction status, it can timely discover and handle potential faults, prevent the occurrence of safety accidents, improve the safety of the cable laying process, and reduce potential safety hazards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the execution steps of the intelligent management system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of the method steps of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a specific structural schematic diagram of the intelligent pulley module in the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. guide assembly; 11. guide frame; 12. guide wheel; 2. connection assembly; 21. connection frame; 22. connection wheel; 3. first test assembly; 31. first support frame; 32. first measuring wheel; 33. detection part; 4. second test assembly; 41. second support frame; 42. second measuring wheel; 43. pressure sensor; 5. first warning light; 6. second warning light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0030] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", "above", "below" and similar expressions are for illustrative purposes only, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0031] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] The present invention provides an intelligent management system and monitoring method for laying cables on a bridge. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a supervision platform and several intelligent pulley modules; the supervision platform is arranged at the system terminal, and is respectively connected to the several intelligent pulley modules for communication, and the supervision platform is used to collect the parameters collected by the several intelligent pulley modules and then evaluate the construction quality of the cable laying project; the several intelligent pulley modules are arranged at the cable laying site of the project site, and are used to monitor and collect various parameters in the cable laying process and transmit them to the supervision platform.

[0033] In Example 1, intelligent pulley modules are set at several laying points of the bridge, and the intelligent pulley modules measure the length and laying pressure of the cable in real time. The measurement data is transmitted to the supervision platform. The supervision platform adjusts the laying speed and tension of the cable according to the data to ensure the smooth progress of the cable laying process, so as to monitor the construction quality and construction process of the bridge cable laying project.

[0034] Furthermore, the intelligent pulley module includes: at least one guide component 1 for guiding the cable, at least one connecting component 2, a first test component 3 for measuring the length of the laid cable, a second test component 4 for measuring the pressure when the cable is laid, and a communication module; the guide component 1 is hinged to one end of the second test component 4; the other end of the second test component 4 is hinged to one end of the connecting component 2; the other end of the connecting component 2 is hinged to the first test component 3; the receiving end of the communication module is electrically connected to the first test component 3 and the second test component 4 respectively; the sending end of the communication module is communicatively connected to the supervision platform.

[0035] In the second embodiment, the first test component 3 and the second test component 4 are used to test the cable length measurement and cable laying pressure monitoring during the cable laying process, so as to further understand the situation in the laying project and improve the efficiency and quality of cable laying; at the same time, by increasing the number of connecting components 2 and guiding components 1, the actual use requirements on site can be met and the actual needs of the laying project can be met.

[0036] In embodiment three, the connection between components is hinged by bolts, and the angle between components can be adjusted from 0 to 90 degrees to meet the setting method at turns or corners. At the same time, locking pieces are provided at the connecting bolts, and the relative positions between components are limited by locking the locking pieces and the bolts, thereby achieving the effect of guiding the laying of cables.

[0037] Furthermore, the first test component 3 includes: a first support frame 31, a first measuring wheel 32 and a detection component 33 for detecting the length of the cable passing through the first measuring wheel 32; the first support frame 31 is hinged to the connecting component 2; first mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the first support frame 31; the first measuring wheel 32 is rotatably connected to the two first mounting holes respectively; the detection component 33 is provided at the bottom of the first support frame 31; the detection end of the detection component 33 is electrically connected to the first measuring wheel 32; the detection component 33 is electrically connected to the communication module.

[0038] Specifically, the first measuring wheel 32 is used to guide the passing cable, the detection member 33 is arranged at the bottom of the first support frame 31, and the length of the cable passing through the first measuring wheel 32 is measured by the inductive detection end on the detection member 33, so as to achieve accurate measurement of the length of the laid cable, reduce the cable length measurement error, and improve the quality of cable laying.

[0039] Furthermore, the second test component 4 includes: a second support frame 41, a second measuring wheel 42, and a pressure sensor 43 for detecting the laying pressure of the cable passing through the second measuring wheel 42; one end of the second support frame 41 is hinged to the connecting component 2, and the other end is hinged to the guide component 1; second mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the second support frame 41; the second measuring wheel 42 is rotatably connected to the two second mounting holes respectively; the pressure sensor 43 is provided on the second support frame 41; the detection end of the pressure sensor 43 is in contact with the second measuring wheel 42; the pressure sensor 43 is electrically connected to the communication module.

[0040] Specifically, the second measuring wheel 42 guides the passing cable, and the pressure sensor 43 is arranged on the side of the second support frame 41 and abuts against the second measuring wheel 42 to measure the laying pressure of the cable passing through the second measuring wheel 42, thereby effectively preventing cable damage caused by excessive pressure, improving the protection performance of the cable, and extending the service life of the cable.

[0041] Furthermore, the connecting component 2 includes: a connecting frame 21 and a connecting wheel 22; one end of the connecting frame 21 is hinged to the first test component 3, and the other end is hinged to the second test component 4; third mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the connecting frame 21; the connecting wheel 22 is rotatably connected to the two third mounting holes respectively.

[0042] Specifically, the connection component 2 connects the first test component 3 and the second test component 4 in a hinged manner, which enhances the stability between the components, while providing a flexible connection method, simplifying the structural design, and improving the overall reliability and durability of the smart pulley.

[0043] Furthermore, the guide assembly 1 includes: a guide frame 11 and a guide wheel 12; the guide frame 11 is hinged to the second test assembly 4; fourth mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the guide frame 11; and the guide wheel 12 is rotatably connected to the two fourth mounting holes respectively.

[0044] Specifically, the guide wheel 12 provided on the guide frame 11 can effectively guide the cable laying direction, thereby improving the smoothness of the cable laying and reducing the friction and damage of the cable during the laying process.

[0045] In other embodiments, a first warning light 5 for warning is further provided on one side of the first support frame 31, and a second warning light 6 for warning is further provided on one side of the second support frame 41; the first warning light 5 is electrically connected to the detection member 33, and can issue a warning when the cable length is abnormal, reminding the operator to deal with it in time, thereby enhancing the safety of the cable laying process and reducing potential safety hazards; the second warning light 6 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 43, and can issue a warning when the cable laying pressure is abnormal, reminding the operator to adjust the laying pressure, further ensuring the safe laying of the cable and avoiding cable damage caused by improper pressure.

[0046] Furthermore, the supervision platform also includes: a remote APP and a memory operation system; the memory card is used to store data transmitted by several of the smart pulley modules; the remote APP is used to receive and store data transmitted by several of the smart pulley modules.

[0047] A cable bridge monitoring method based on the above-mentioned intelligent management system for cable bridge installation comprises:

[0048] Step A: The supervision platform collects data transmitted by several intelligent pulley modules and performs data preprocessing on the data; the data preprocessing includes data cleaning, outlier processing and normalization;

[0049] Step B: The supervision platform calculates the quality index of the cable laying at each laying point based on the processed data;

[0050] Step C: Compare the calculated quality index of the cable laying with the set quality standard to obtain an evaluation value of the cable laying point, and generate corresponding treatment measures according to the evaluation value to achieve the effect of monitoring the cable laying point.

[0051] Optionally, in step B, the quality index of the cable laying at each laying point is calculated based on the processed data. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0052] Substitute the processed data into the quality index formula of cable laying QI=α·L+β·P+γ·V+δ·C, where L represents the length of the laid cable, P represents the pressure when laying the cable, V represents the laying speed when laying the cable, and C represents the type of laid cable; α, β, γ and δ are reference weight coefficients of various reference factors, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions, where α+β+γ+δ=1.

[0053] Optionally, in step C, the calculated quality index of the cable laying is compared with the set quality standard to obtain an evaluation value of the cable laying point, and corresponding treatment measures are generated according to the evaluation value. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0054] C1. When QI <QI low or QI>QI high In the case of "high alert", it means that the cable laying quality is unqualified or there is a serious risk. The treatment measures should be "immediately suspend the laying operation to prevent further quality problems or safety accidents, and conduct a detailed inspection of the laid cable sections to find out the specific reasons that may cause the abnormal quality index. At the same time, the laid cables should be repaired or replaced as necessary to ensure the overall project quality". low Expressed as the lowest limit of the quality index, QI high Expressed as the upper limit of the quality index;

[0055] C2. When QI low <QI<QI high In the case of "intermediate alarm", it means that the cable laying quality is within an acceptable range, but there are certain risks. The treatment measures should be taken: "monitor the current laying operation, pay close attention to the changing trend of the quality index, check whether there are potential problems, strengthen the training and guidance of operators, ensure standardized operation, and reduce human errors";

[0056] C3. When QI safe ≤QI≤QI optimal In the case of QI, it is in "good working condition", indicating that the cable laying quality is good and no special measures are needed; safe Safety value expressed as quality index, QI optimal Expressed as the optimal value of the quality index; the relationship between the various standard indices satisfies QI low <QI safe ≤QI optimal ≤QI highg .

[0057] Specifically, the QI mentioned above low ,QI safe ,QI optimal and QI highg It can be designed according to the actual type of cable laying project.

[0058] The present invention provides an intelligent management system and monitoring method for laying cables in a bridge, wherein a monitoring platform and an intelligent pulley module cooperate with each other, and through real-time monitoring of the laying length and laying pressure of the cables, cable damage is effectively prevented, the service life of the cables is extended, the automation and intelligence of the cable laying process is realized, and the accuracy and efficiency of cable laying are improved; through long-term monitoring of the cable laying construction status, potential faults can be discovered and handled in time, the occurrence of safety accidents can be prevented, the safety of the cable laying process is improved, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

[0059] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent management system for laying cables on bridge, characterized in that: include: Supervision platform and several smart pulley modules; The supervision platform is arranged at the system terminal and is respectively connected to the plurality of the intelligent pulley modules for communication. The supervision platform is used to collect the parameters collected by the plurality of the intelligent pulley modules and then evaluate the construction quality of the cable laying project. Several of the intelligent pulley modules are arranged at the cable laying site of the project site to monitor and collect various parameters during the cable laying process and transmit them to the monitoring platform.

2. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent pulley module includes: at least one guide assembly for guiding the cable, at least one connection assembly, a first test assembly for measuring the length of the laid cable, a second test assembly for measuring the pressure when the cable is laid, and a communication module; The guide assembly is hinged to one end of the second test assembly; the other end of the second test assembly is hinged to one end of the connecting assembly; the other end of the connecting assembly is hinged to the first test assembly; the receiving end of the communication module is electrically connected to the first test assembly and the second test assembly respectively; the sending end of the communication module is communicatively connected to the supervision platform.

3. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first test assembly comprises: a first support frame, a first line measuring wheel and a detection member for detecting the length of the cable passing through the first line measuring wheel; The first support frame is hinged to the connecting assembly; first mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the first support frame; the first measuring line wheel is rotatably connected to the two first mounting holes respectively; the detection member is provided at the bottom of the first support frame; the detection end of the detection member is electrically connected to the first measuring line wheel; the detection member is electrically connected to the communication module.

4. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The second test assembly includes: a second support frame, a second measuring wheel, and a pressure sensor for detecting the laying pressure of the cable passing through the second measuring wheel; One end of the second support frame is hinged to the connecting assembly, and the other end is hinged to the guide assembly; Second mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the second support frame; the second measuring line wheel is rotatably connected to the two second mounting holes respectively; the pressure sensor is provided on the second support frame; the detection end of the pressure sensor is in contact with the second measuring line wheel; the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the communication module.

5. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The connecting assembly comprises: a connecting frame and a connecting wheel; One end of the connecting frame is hinged to the first test assembly, and the other end is hinged to the second test assembly; third mounting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the connecting frame; and the connecting wheel is rotatably connected to the two third mounting holes respectively.

6. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The guide assembly comprises: a guide frame and a guide wheel; The guide frame is hinged to the second test assembly; fourth mounting holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the guide frame; and the guide wheels are rotatably connected to the two fourth mounting holes respectively.

7. The intelligent management system for laying cables in bridges according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The supervision platform also includes: a remote APP and a memory operation system; The memory card is used to store data transmitted by a number of the smart pulley modules; The remote APP is used to receive and store data transmitted by a number of the smart pulley modules.

8. A cable bridge monitoring method based on the intelligent cable bridge management system of claims 1-7, characterized in that: include: Step A: The supervision platform collects data transmitted by several intelligent pulley modules and performs data preprocessing on them; The data preprocessing includes data cleaning, outlier processing and normalization; Step B: The supervision platform calculates the quality index of the cable laying at each laying point based on the processed data; Step C: Compare the calculated quality index of the cable laying with the set quality standard to obtain an evaluation value of the cable laying point, and generate corresponding treatment measures according to the evaluation value to achieve the effect of monitoring the cable laying point.

9. A cable bridge installation monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step B, the quality index of cable laying at each laying point is calculated based on the processed data. The specific implementation process is as follows: Substitute the processed data into the quality index formula of cable laying QI=α·L+β·P+γ·V+δ·C, where L represents the length of the laid cable, P represents the pressure when laying the cable, V represents the laying speed when laying the cable, and C represents the type of laid cable; α, β, γ and δ are reference weight coefficients of various reference factors, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions, where α+β+γ+δ=1.

10. A cable bridge installation monitoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step C, the calculated quality index of the cable laying is compared with the set quality standard to obtain the evaluation value of the cable laying point, and the corresponding treatment measures are generated according to the evaluation value. The specific implementation process is as follows: C1. When QI <QI low or QI>QI high In the case of "high alert", it means that the cable laying quality is unqualified or there is a serious risk. The treatment measures should be "immediately suspend the laying operation to prevent further quality problems or safety accidents, and conduct a detailed inspection of the laid cable sections to find out the specific reasons that may cause the abnormal quality index. At the same time, the laid cables should be repaired or replaced as necessary to ensure the overall project quality". low Expressed as the lowest limit of the quality index, QI high Expressed as the upper limit of the quality index; C2. When QI low <QI <QI high In the case of "intermediate alarm", it means that the cable laying quality is within an acceptable range, but there are certain risks. The treatment measures should be "monitoring the current laying operation, paying close attention to the changing trend of the quality index, checking whether there are potential problems, strengthening the training and guidance of operators, ensuring standardized operation, and reducing human errors"; C3. When QI safe ≤QI≤QI optimal In the case of QI, it is in "good working condition", indicating that the cable laying quality is good and no special measures are needed; safe Expressed as a safety value of the quality index, QI optimal Expressed as the optimal value of the quality index; the relationship between the various standard indices satisfies QI low <QI safe ≤QI optimal ≤QI high .

Images