Method for recovering valuable metals in lead-containing solid waste and wet-process zinc smelting waste slag

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recycling valuable metals in lead-containing solid wastes and wet-process zinc smelting waste residues, belongs to the technical field of comprehensive recycling of metallurgy, industrial solid wastes and secondary resources, and cooperatively treats the lead-containing solid wastes and the waste residues produced in the smelting process. Through co-treatment with industrial lead-containing solid waste, valuable metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag in the jarosite slag and the lead-silver slag can be efficiently extracted and recycled, and the environmental risk caused by long-term stockpiling of the jarosite slag and the lead-silver slag is avoided; after the lead-containing solid waste and the zinc smelting slag are co-processed, the direct recovery rates of the metal lead and the zinc are 95% or above and 90% or above respectively, 85% or above of metal silver is enriched in a lead bullion phase, and the curing rate of the sulfur element is 95% or above; the slag mainly comprises CaO-FeO-SiO2 ternary slag, and can be directly used for producing building materials after water quenching; elemental sulfur in the material is cured in a sulfonium phase, so that the problem of SO2 flue gas pollution in the smelting process is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive recycling of metallurgy, industrial solid waste and secondary resources, and specifically relates to a method for recycling valuable metals in lead-containing solid waste and wet zinc smelting waste slag. Background Art

[0002] Lead, as one of the basic metal raw materials, is widely used in lead-acid batteries, chemical anti-corrosion materials, cable protection and other industrial fields. As a major producer and consumer of lead, my country uses about 85% of refined lead to manufacture lead-acid batteries. Since the service life of lead-acid batteries is only 2 to 3 years, a large number of lead-acid batteries will be scrapped every year. If they are not disposed of and recycled in time, it will not only accelerate the depletion of primary lead mineral resources, but also cause serious environmental pollution. Lead sulfate paste is a flocculent precipitate formed during the charge and discharge process of lead-acid batteries. Its chemical composition is complex and varied. It is composed of PbSO4, PbO2, PbO and a small amount of Pb, and is difficult to process. At present, lead sulfate paste is often treated by a combined wet-fire process. First, PbSO4 in the lead paste is converted into PbO by desulfurizers such as NaOH, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3, and then PbO is reduced to metallic Pb by smelting with fire. This process converts high-melting-point lead sulfate into low-melting-point lead carbonate or lead oxide by wet method, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of smelting. However, the process is relatively complicated, the consumption of desulfurizers is large, and the desulfurization products are difficult to sell.

[0003] The zinc hydrometallurgical system produces a large amount of hazardous wastes such as lead-silver slag and iron alum slag every year, which have been listed as HW48 hazardous wastes in the "National Hazardous Waste List". This type of waste slag contains a large amount of valuable metal elements such as lead, zinc, and silver. If it is piled up for a long time, it will cause serious heavy metal leaching pollution and also cause a large amount of valuable metal resources Waste. At present, the treatment processes of lead-silver slag and iron alum slag mainly include wet method, pyrolysis and pyrolysis combined method. The wet smelting process can be divided into washing, conventional wet solvent leaching, hydrothermal leaching and microwave-assisted leaching. The washing process is to recover a large amount of soluble zinc entrained in the leaching slag by stirring and washing. After the washing liquid is neutralized and impurities are removed, solvent extraction and zinc electrolysis liquid stripping are performed to obtain a zinc-rich solution (Zn 68g / L), while the recovery rates of Ni, Co and Cu reached 99.8%, 90% and 99.8% respectively, but the valuable metal elements such as In, Ga, Ge and Ag in the leached residue were not effectively recovered. Conventional wet solvent leaching usually uses acidic leaching agents such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, or uses alkaline leaching agents such as concentrated ammonia water and caustic soda to destroy the crystal structure of the leached residue to dissolve and leach it, and metal elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, As and Sn are enriched in the solution, and then valuable metal elements are recovered through processes such as iron powder replacement, solvent extraction, thiourea or cyanide precipitation. The metal elements are separated from iron, and the iron-containing solution is purified and impurities are removed to prepare high-value iron-based functional materials. Hydrothermal leaching and microwave-assisted leaching are both external field enhanced leaching methods. The leaching rate is improved by enhancing the leaching temperature field, electric field and magnetic field, but energy consumption and cost issues need to be considered comprehensively. Industrial application has not yet been carried out. Although the wet treatment process can recover valuable metals such as Cu, Pb, Ag in the slag and prepare iron-based functional materials with high economic value, it cannot avoid the complexity of the process route, high disposal cost, and the operation scale is difficult to meet the zinc-iron mixed slag produced by the huge zinc smelting system.

[0004] As the disadvantages of wet smelting technology become increasingly apparent, the resource-based harmless disposal of iron alum slag and lead-silver slag through pyrometallurgical technology has received more and more attention. At present, the pyrometallurgical treatment processes of zinc wet leaching slag mainly include "high-temperature sintering", "reduction roasting-magnetic separation" and "oxygen-enriched bottom blowing smelting-fume volatilization". The high-temperature sintering process is to sinter iron alum slag and lead-silver slag with quartz sand, limestone, dolomite, granite, etc. at a high temperature of more than 1300°C into iron-containing building materials, so that the toxic elements and valuable metal elements are fixed in the slag phase, greatly reducing the toxicity of toxic elements leaching and eliminating their pollution to the environment, but it will cause economic losses caused by the loss of valuable metals. The reduction roasting-magnetic separation method is to reduce the iron in the leaching slag into magnetic ferroferric oxide or metallic iron under the action of a reducing agent, and then iron sand, Cu, Zn, Pb, S can be produced through magnetic separation. b and the like enter the non-magnetic material together with the gangue components, and then the valuable metal elements are recovered from them. The oxygen-enriched bottom blowing smelting-fuming volatilization process is to put iron alum slag and lead-silver slag into a high-temperature smelting furnace, and oxygen-enriched air is blown into the bottom of the furnace to enhance the stirring of the melt. The element S in the leached slag basically enters the flue gas in the form of SO2, and the valuable metal elements Zn, Pb and Ag enter the slag phase in the form of oxides. The hot slag enters the fuming furnace through the chute for reduction and volatilization, and finally Zn, Pb, Ag, In, etc. enter the smoke dust together, and then the valuable metals are recovered from the smoke dust. This process has the advantages of large production scale, strong processing capacity, and wide adaptability of raw materials. However, since lead and zinc are reduced to the metal phase during the high-temperature smelting process and then re-oxidized into zinc oxide and lead oxide at the secondary air inlet, and no metallic lead is generated, the precious metals in the leached slag are not effectively captured, resulting in a low comprehensive recovery rate of precious metals. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering valuable metals in lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag. The specific steps of cleanly and efficiently recovering valuable metals are as follows:

[0008] S1, containing 10-20 parts of lead-containing solid waste and 40-60 parts of sulfur-fixing agent, using a stirrer to control the stirring time for 30-40min, controlling the stirring speed at 20-26r / min to mix evenly, adding a sulfur-fixing activator and supplemented with a flux and a carbonaceous reducing agent, placing in a double planetary ball mill for grinding and mixing, pouring into a corundum crucible and covering with a perforated lid, then placing the crucible in a side-blown smelting furnace, at a temperature of 1200°C to 1300°C, quantitatively introducing an inert atmosphere through a digital flowmeter, smelting for 1h and then standing for 2-4h to obtain crude lead, slag, metallic zinc, iron matte and sulfur-containing smoke;

[0009] S2. Refining the crude lead obtained above by crude metal fire method and then electrolytically refining it to obtain metallic lead and anode mud, and recovering metallic silver from the anode mud.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the sulfur-containing smoke in S1 is recovered through a dust collection system, and the specific recovery steps are: after the smelting temperature reaches 1200°C to 1300°C, a corundum tube is inserted from the top of the furnace to the bottom of the melt, and then an inert atmosphere is quantitatively introduced through a digital flowmeter, and the other end is connected to the corundum tube. The smoke produced by smelting enters the cooler along the pipeline. When the smoke is cooled to 320°C, cooling water is used to cool the flue gas, and then the sodium alkali process is used to desulfurize the flue gas. Finally, the temperature of the output flue gas is not higher than 39°C, and the SO2 concentration is not lower than 5.2% by ionic liquid adsorption and analysis. After the smelting is completed, the smoke is collected from the pipeline.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the lead-containing solid waste includes one or more of lead sulfate paste, CRT glass, lead-containing soot, lead anode mud, and lead-containing smelting slag.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the desulfurizing agent includes 10-20 parts of lead-silver slag and 10-20 parts of iron alum slag by mass.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the atmosphere control in the side-blowing smelting furnace in S1 is achieved by adjusting the oxygen flow rate and the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent, the inert atmosphere is high-purity N2 or high-purity Ar, and the gas flow rate is 50 mL / min.

[0014] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the solid sulfur activator is one or more of zinc oxide powder, sodium carbonate, and copper oxide, and the dosage is 8% to 12% of the total mass of the material; the carbonaceous reducing agent is metallurgical grade reducing coke, and the fixed carbon content of the metallurgical grade reducing coke is 79.70%, and the volatile matter is 12.50%, and the dosage is 10% to 20% of the total mass of the material.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the mass of the flux is 10% to 20% of the total mass of the lead-containing solid waste and the zinc smelting slag.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by co-disposing with industrial lead-containing solid waste, valuable metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ag in iron alum slag and lead-silver slag can be efficiently extracted and recovered, avoiding the environmental risks caused by long-term storage of the two slags; after the lead-containing solid waste and zinc smelting slag are co-disposed, the direct recovery rates of metal lead and zinc are above 95% and 90% respectively, more than 85% of metal silver is enriched in the crude lead phase, and the sulfur element solidification rate is above 95%; the slag is mainly composed of CaO-FeO-SiO2 ternary slag, which can be directly used for the production of building materials after water quenching; the elemental sulfur in the material is solidified in the matte phase, thereby avoiding the problem of SO2 flue gas pollution in the smelting process. The present invention has the advantages of short process, green environmental protection, high comprehensive recovery efficiency of valuable metals, etc., and has good promotion and application prospects in the field of secondary solid waste resource recovery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart of the coordinated mixed smelting of lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting slag in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present application is described in further detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0019] 1. Materials

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the present invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0021] 2. Methods

[0022] 2.1. Method for recovering metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag:

[0023] S1, containing 15 parts of lead-containing solid waste (the lead-containing solid waste is specifically lead sulfate paste) and 50 parts of sulfur-fixing agent, using a stirrer to control the stirring time for 35 minutes and the stirring speed to control 23r / min for uniform mixing, adding a sulfur-fixing activator and supplemented with a flux and a carbonaceous reducing agent, placing in a double planetary ball mill for grinding and mixing, pouring into a corundum crucible and covering with a perforated lid, then placing the crucible in a side-blown smelting furnace, at a temperature of 1300°C, quantitatively introducing an inert atmosphere through a digital flowmeter, smelting for 2 hours and then standing for 1 hour to obtain crude lead, slag, metallic zinc, iron matte and sulfur-containing smoke;

[0024] The sulfur-containing smoke in S1 is recovered through a dust collection system, and the specific recovery steps are as follows: after the smelting temperature reaches 1300°C, a corundum tube is inserted from the furnace top to the bottom of the melt, and then an inert atmosphere is quantitatively introduced through a digital flowmeter, and the other end is connected to the corundum tube. The smoke produced by smelting enters the cooler along the pipeline. When the smoke is cooled to 320°C, cooling water is used to cool the flue gas, and then the sodium alkali process is used to desulfurize the flue gas. Finally, the ionic liquid is used for adsorption and analysis to produce a flue gas temperature of 30°C and a SO2 concentration of 7%. After the smelting is completed, the smoke is collected from the pipeline;

[0025] The atmosphere control in the side-blowing smelting furnace in S1 is achieved by adjusting the oxygen flow rate and the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent, the inert atmosphere is high-purity N2 or high-purity Ar, and the gas flow rate is 50 mL / min;

[0026] The desulfurization activator is sodium carbonate, and the dosage is 8% to 12% of the total mass of the material; the carbonaceous reducing agent is metallurgical-grade reduction coke, and the fixed carbon content of the metallurgical-grade reduction coke is 79.70%, and the volatile matter is 12.50%, and the dosage is 10% to 20% of the total mass of the material; the mass of the flux is 15% of the total mass of the lead-containing solid waste and zinc smelting slag;

[0027] S2, refining the crude lead obtained above by crude metal fire method and then electrolytically refining to obtain metallic lead and anode mud, and recovering metallic silver from the anode mud;

[0028] Wherein, the sulfur-fixing agent includes 15 parts of lead-silver slag and 15 parts of iron alum slag by mass;

[0029] According to the above-mentioned method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag, the specific chemical reaction formula is as follows:

[0030] PbS+FeO+C=Pb+FeS+CO↑;

[0031] PbS+Na2CO3+2C=Na2S+Pb+3CO↑;

[0032] PbS+2CuO+2C=Pb+Cu2S+2CO↑;

[0033] ZnS+Na2CO3+2C=Zn↑+Na2S+3CO↑;

[0034] ZnS+2CuO+2C=Zn↑+Cu2S+2CO↑.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The main chemical components of No. 1 lead-silver slag and iron alum slag produced by the zinc hydrometallurgy system of a factory in Anhui Province and the purchased lead sulfate paste are listed in Table 1, and the industrial composition and ash content test results of metallurgical-grade coke are listed in Table 2.

[0037] Table 1 Main chemical components of lead sulfate paste, iron alum slag and lead-silver slag (wt%)

[0038]

[0039] Table 2 Industrial composition and ash content analysis of metallurgical grade reduced coke (wt%)

[0040]

[0041] According to the batching criteria, m(FeO) / m(SiO2)=1.0, m(CaO) / m(SiO2)=0.6 are preset, and the elemental sulfur is fixed according to the theoretical value. Appropriate amounts of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide need to be added respectively. The addition amount of metallurgical-grade reducing coke is 14% of the total material mass, and the addition amount of sodium carbonate is 10% of the total material mass. After being fully mixed and ground, the materials are placed at 1300°C for constant temperature smelting for 2 hours. After being kept warm and standing for 1 hour, they are taken out and poured into an iron mold for cooling and stratification. The ash is scraped out of the corundum tube and collected. The slag, iron matte, ash and crude metal obtained are weighed and tested. Finally, the direct recovery rates of metallic lead, silver and zinc are calculated to be 95.23%, 88.26% and 92.14% respectively, and the fixed sulfur rate reaches 96.67%.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The main chemical components of 2# lead-silver slag and iron alum slag produced by the zinc hydrometallurgy system of a factory in Anhui Province and the purchased lead sulfate paste are listed in Table 3.

[0044] Table 3 Main chemical components of lead sulfate paste, iron alum slag and lead silver slag (wt%)

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] According to the batching criteria, m(FeO) / m(SiO2)=1.1, m(CaO) / m(SiO2)=0.7 are preset, and the elemental sulfur is fixed according to the theoretical value. Appropriate amounts of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide need to be added respectively. The addition amount of metallurgical-grade reducing coke is 16% of the total material mass, and the addition amount of sodium carbonate is 8% of the total material mass. After being fully mixed and ground, the materials are placed at 1300°C for constant temperature smelting for 2 hours. After being kept warm and standing for 1 hour, they are taken out and poured into an iron mold for cooling and stratification. The ash is scraped out of the corundum tube and collected. The slag, iron matte, ash and crude metal obtained are weighed and tested. Finally, the direct recovery rates of metallic lead, silver and zinc are calculated to be 96.12%, 86.38% and 93.32% respectively, and the fixed sulfur rate reaches 95.04%.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] The main chemical components of 2# lead-silver slag and iron alum slag produced by the zinc hydrometallurgy system of a factory in Anhui Province and the purchased lead sulfate paste are listed in Table 4.

[0050] Table 4 Main chemical components of lead sulfate paste, iron alum slag and lead-silver slag (wt%)

[0051]

[0052] According to the batching criteria, m(FeO) / m(SiO2)=1.0, m(CaO) / m(SiO2)=0.7 are preset, and the elemental sulfur is fixed according to the theoretical value. Appropriate amounts of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide need to be added respectively. The addition amount of metallurgical grade reducing coke is 14% of the total material mass, and the addition amount of sodium carbonate is 12% of the total material mass. After being fully mixed and ground, the materials are placed at 1300°C for constant temperature smelting for 2 hours. After being kept warm and standing for 1 hour, they are taken out and poured into an iron mold for cooling and stratification. The ash is scraped out of the corundum tube and collected. The slag, iron matte, ash and crude metal obtained are weighed and tested. Finally, the direct recovery rates of metallic lead, silver and zinc are calculated to be 95.59%, 87.33% and 91.76% respectively, and the fixed sulfur rate reaches 96.47%.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] The main chemical components of 3# lead-silver slag and iron alum slag produced by the zinc hydrometallurgy system of a factory in Anhui Province and the purchased lead sulfate paste are listed in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5 Main chemical components of lead sulfate paste, iron alum slag and lead-silver slag (wt%)

[0056]

[0057] According to the batching criteria, m(FeO) / m(SiO2)=1.0, m(CaO) / m(SiO2)=0.7 are preset, and the elemental sulfur is fixed according to the theoretical value. Appropriate amounts of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide need to be added respectively. The amount of metallurgical-grade reducing coke added is 16% of the total material mass, and the amount of sodium carbonate added is 10% of the total material mass. After being fully mixed and ground, the materials are placed at 1300°C for constant temperature smelting for 2 hours. After being kept warm and standing for 1 hour, they are taken out and poured into an iron mold for cooling and stratification. The ash is scraped out of the corundum tube and collected. The slag, iron matte, ash and crude metal obtained are weighed and tested. Finally, the direct recovery rates of metallic lead, silver and zinc are calculated to be 95.59%, 87.33% and 91.76% respectively, and the fixed sulfur rate reaches 96.47%.

[0058] 2.2 Effect of sulfur-fixing agent on the direct recovery rate of metallic lead, metallic silver and metallic zinc

[0059] (1) The method steps for recovering metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag refer to 2.1, wherein the desulfurization agent described in Example 5 is used to replace the desulfurization agent in Example 1.

[0060] The raw material composition of the desulfurizer is shown in the following table:

[0061] Group Lead silver slag / part Iron alum slag / part Example 1 15 15 Example 5 21 21

[0062] Example 5 According to the batching criteria, m(FeO) / m(SiO2)=1.0, m(CaO) / m(SiO2)=0.71 are preset, and the elemental sulfur is fixed according to the theoretical value. It is necessary to add appropriate amounts of calcium oxide and ferrous oxide, respectively. The addition amount of metallurgical grade reducing coke is 14% of the total material mass, and the addition amount of sodium carbonate is 10% of the total material mass. After the materials are fully mixed and ground, they are placed at 1300°C for constant temperature smelting for 2h. After being kept warm and standing for 1h, they are taken out and poured into an iron mold for cooling and stratification. The ash is scraped out of the corundum tube and collected. The slag, iron matte, ash and crude metal obtained are weighed and tested. Finally, it is calculated that the direct recovery rates of metallic lead, silver and zinc are 89.92%, 84.32% and 90.13%, respectively, and the fixed sulfur rate reaches 92.33%.

[0063] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag, characterized in that: The specific steps for clean recovery of valuable metals are as follows: S1, containing 10-20 parts of lead-containing solid waste and 40-60 parts of sulfur-fixing agent, using a stirrer to control the stirring time for 30-40min, controlling the stirring speed at 20-26r / min to mix evenly, adding a sulfur-fixing activator and supplemented with a flux and a carbonaceous reducing agent, placing in a double planetary ball mill for grinding and mixing, pouring into a corundum crucible and covering with a perforated lid, then placing the crucible in a side-blown smelting furnace, at a temperature of 1200°C to 1300°C, quantitatively introducing an inert atmosphere through a digital flowmeter, smelting for 1h and then standing for 2-4h to obtain crude lead, slag, metallic zinc, iron matte and sulfur-containing smoke; S2. Refining the crude lead obtained above by crude metal fire method and then electrolytically refining it to obtain metallic lead and anode mud, and recovering metallic silver from the anode mud.

2. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sulfur-containing dust in S1 is recovered by a dust collection system, and the specific recovery steps are as follows: After the smelting temperature reaches 1200℃~1300℃, a corundum tube is inserted from the top of the furnace to the bottom of the melt, and then an inert atmosphere is quantitatively introduced through a digital flowmeter. The other end is connected to the corundum tube, and the smoke produced by the smelting enters the cooler along the pipeline. When the smoke is cooled to 320℃, cooling water is used to cool the flue gas, and then the sodium alkali process is used to desulfurize the flue gas. Finally, the ionic liquid adsorption analysis is used to produce a flue gas temperature not higher than 39℃ and a SO2 concentration not lower than 5.2%. After the smelting is completed, the smoke is collected from the pipeline.

3. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead-containing solid waste includes one or more of lead sulfate paste, CRT glass, lead-containing soot, lead anode mud, and lead-containing smelting slag.

4. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desulfurizing agent includes 10-20 parts of lead-silver slag and 10-20 parts of iron alum slag by mass.

5. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 2, characterized in that: The atmosphere control in the side-blowing smelting furnace in S1 is achieved by adjusting the oxygen flow rate and the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent. The inert atmosphere is high-purity N2 or high-purity Ar, and the gas flow rate is 50 mL / min.

6. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desulfurization activator is one or more of zinc oxide powder, sodium carbonate, and copper oxide, and the dosage is 8% to 12% of the total mass of the material; the carbonaceous reducing agent is metallurgical grade reduction coke, and the fixed carbon content of the metallurgical grade reduction coke is 79.70%, and the volatile matter is 12.50%, and the dosage is 10% to 20% of the total mass of the material.

7. The method for recovering valuable metals from lead-containing solid waste and hydrometallurgical zinc smelting waste slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass of the flux is 10% to 20% of the total mass of the lead-containing solid waste and the zinc smelting slag.

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