Quantitative design method for resisting unsteady-state damage of bearing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of quantitative design of unsteady-state damage of a bearing, in particular to a quantitative design method for resisting unsteady-state damage of a bearing, which comprises the following steps of: obtaining an unsteady-state damage influence factor according to the wear rate of the bearing under different unsteady-state service conditions and the wear rate under a steady state; and establishing an unsteady service condition-bearing material-bearing unsteady damage influence factor basic database, and modifying the bearing by using a bearing surface modification technology and a solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology to obtain the bearing unsteady damage influence factors of different modification means, thereby obtaining the unsteady damage improvement rate of the modified bearing material. And the incidence relation among the bearing material, the bearing modification process and the unsteady-state damage improvement rate is obtained, and a modification database is established, so that the most suitable bearing modification means under a certain unsteady-state service condition is quickly selected. By means of the method, a proper bearing material and a surface modification means are found to quantitatively improve the unsteady-state damage resistance of the bearing, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of quantitative design of non-steady-state damage of bearings, and in particular to a quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of bearings. Background Art

[0002] During the service life of bearings, as the working conditions change, non-steady-state service conditions such as rapid acceleration / deceleration, rapid load changes, high / low temperature, and oil shortage often occur, leading to premature failure of bearings or even sudden accidents. In non-steady-state service environments such as rapid speed changes and rapid load changes, due to the large rate of change of speed and load, the deformation of bearing materials and the dynamic response of the lubrication system are completely mismatched with the rate of change of speed and load, resulting in new damage and failure mechanisms for bearings.

[0003] Therefore, how to design a reasonable and feasible method, ingenious design, through quantitative design, find suitable bearing materials and surface modification methods to quantitatively improve the bearing's resistance to non-steady-state damage, significantly improve bearing performance, and extend bearing life is a quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of bearings. This is a problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems such as the damage and failure mechanism of existing bearings during non-steady-state service, which leads to a significant reduction in bearing life, the present invention provides a quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of bearings, selects different bearing materials and surface modification methods to quantitatively improve the non-steady-state damage resistance of the bearings, significantly improves the bearing performance, and extends the bearing life.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select bearings of different materials and set a variety of different service conditions for each material. Each service condition has a non-steady-state condition with varying service parameters and a steady-state condition after the service parameters are stabilized. Through experiments, the non-steady-state damage amount w of bearings of different materials under different non-steady conditions is obtained. 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , and calculate the bearing non-steady-state damage influence factor ; Step 2: Correlate the corresponding bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions and bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors to establish a basic database of non-steady-state service conditions-bearing materials-bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors; Step 3: Use different bearing anti-wear modification technologies to modify the bearings, and use the method described in step 1 to obtain the bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors of the bearings modified with different technologies under different service conditions. ; Step 4: Based on the results of step 3 and the basic database of step 2, calculate the improvement rate of the non-steady-state damage of the modified bearing. , obtain the correlation between bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions, bearing modification processes, and non-steady-state damage improvement rates, and establish a corresponding modification database; Step 5: According to the required bearing material and service conditions, the most suitable bearing modification method under the corresponding non-steady-state conditions is selected from the modification database.

[0006] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: For example, in step one, the non-steady-state service conditions include four conditions: loading, acceleration, unloading and deceleration.

[0007] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the basis of the above: the unsteady-state damage amount w of the bearing under the unsteady-state condition described in step 1 is 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 According to the design principle of equi-Hertzian contact stress, the test load F under the reciprocating sliding test condition is obtained from the load in the rolling non-steady-state test. The sliding speed v in the reciprocating sliding test is the linear speed difference between the driving wheel and the steel ball in the rolling non-steady-state test. The wear scar area A in the reciprocating sliding test is measured by a three-dimensional profiler. The sliding test time in the reciprocating sliding test is t, t is a constant value, and the reciprocating sliding stroke is L, L is a constant value. According to the volume wear rate calculation formula , the material unsteady damage amount w under different rolling unsteady conditions can be obtained 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , thus obtaining the bearing unsteady damage influencing factors under different unsteady conditions .

[0008] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: for example, the bearing materials used in step 2 include GCr15 and 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing materials.

[0009] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: as described in step three, the modification treatment of the bearing includes solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology and bearing surface modification technology, wherein the bearing surface modification technology includes surface induction quenching process and carbonitriding process treatment of the bearing material.

[0010] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfection and limitations can be made on the above basis: For example, the solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology in step three includes adding different proportions of graphite into the lubricating oil of the bearing material.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts a quantitative design method, selects different bearing materials and surface modification means, and modifies the bearings under different non-steady-state service conditions through bearing surface modification technology and solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology, obtains the non-steady-state damage influencing factors of the bearings with different modification means, calculates the non-steady-state damage improvement rate of the modified bearing material, obtains the correlation between the bearing material-bearing modification process-non-steady-state damage improvement rate, and establishes a corresponding modification database; finally, according to user needs, the most suitable bearing modification means under a certain non-steady-state service condition is quickly selected from the modification database.

[0012] The present invention can be used to quantitatively improve the non-steady-state damage resistance of the bearing, can significantly improve the bearing performance, and extend the bearing life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to tables.

[0014] A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select bearings of different materials and set a variety of different service conditions for each material. Each service condition has a non-steady-state condition with varying service parameters and a steady-state condition after the service parameters are stabilized. Through experiments, the non-steady-state damage amount w of bearings of different materials under different non-steady conditions is obtained. 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , and calculate the bearing non-steady-state damage influence factor ; Step 2: Correlate the corresponding bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions and bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors to establish a basic database of non-steady-state service conditions-bearing materials-bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors; Step 3: Use different bearing anti-wear modification technologies to modify the bearings, and use the method described in step 1 to obtain the bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors of the bearings modified with different technologies under different service conditions. ; Step 4: Based on the results of step 3 and the basic database of step 2, calculate the improvement rate of the non-steady-state damage of the modified bearing. , obtain the correlation between bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions, bearing modification processes, and non-steady-state damage improvement rates, and establish a corresponding modification database; Step 5: According to the required bearing material and service conditions, the most suitable bearing modification method under the corresponding non-steady-state conditions is selected from the modification database.

[0015] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: For example, in step one, the non-steady-state service conditions include four conditions: loading, acceleration, unloading and deceleration.

[0016] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the basis of the above: the unsteady-state damage amount w of the bearing under the unsteady-state condition described in step 1 is 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 According to the design principle of equi-Hertzian contact stress, the test load F under the reciprocating sliding test condition is obtained from the load in the rolling non-steady-state test. The sliding speed v in the reciprocating sliding test is the linear speed difference between the driving wheel and the steel ball in the rolling non-steady-state test. The wear scar area A in the reciprocating sliding test is measured by a three-dimensional profiler. The sliding test time in the reciprocating sliding test is t, t is a constant value, and the reciprocating sliding stroke is L, L is a constant value. According to the volume wear rate calculation formula , the material unsteady damage amount w under different rolling unsteady conditions can be obtained 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , thus obtaining the bearing unsteady damage influencing factors under different unsteady conditions .

[0017] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: for example, the bearing materials used in step 2 include GCr15 and 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing materials.

[0018] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfections and limitations can be made on the above basis: as described in step three, the modification treatment of the bearing includes solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology and bearing surface modification technology, wherein the bearing surface modification technology includes surface induction quenching process and carbonitriding process treatment of the bearing material.

[0019] The above is a basic implementation of the present invention, and further improvements, perfection and limitations can be made on the above basis: For example, the solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology in step three includes adding different proportions of graphite into the lubricating oil of the bearing material.

[0020] In actual experiments, the non-steady-state damage influence factor is calculated in this embodiment: The steps are as follows: according to the equi-Hertz contact stress design principle, the test load F under the reciprocating sliding test condition is obtained from the load in the rolling non-steady-state test. The sliding speed v in the reciprocating sliding test is the linear speed difference between the driving wheel and the steel ball in the rolling non-steady-state test. The wear scar area A in the reciprocating sliding test is measured by a three-dimensional profiler. The sliding test time in the reciprocating sliding test is t, t is a constant value, and the reciprocating sliding stroke is L, L is a constant value. According to the volume wear rate calculation formula , the material unsteady damage amount w under different rolling unsteady conditions can be obtained 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , thus obtaining the bearing unsteady damage influencing factors under different unsteady conditions .

[0021] The following is the specific implementation process of the quantitative design experiment of the present invention. Table 1 shows the influencing factors of the unsteady-state damage of GCr15 bearing steel under different unsteady-state service conditions.

[0022] The non-steady-state service conditions include four conditions: loading, acceleration, deloading, and deceleration. In the loading test, the loading rates of No. 1-4 are the same, all 1 KN / min, so the single-cycle non-steady-state time is 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, and 360 s, respectively. The loading rates of No. 5-6 are different, and the loading rates of No. 5 and 6 are 0.5 KN / min and 1.5 KN / min, respectively. In the acceleration test, the acceleration rates of No. 7-9 are different, which are 60 rpm / s, 100 rpm / s, and 200 rpm / s, respectively. In the deloading test, the deloading rates of No. 10 and No. 11 are the same, both 1 KN / min, so the single-cycle non-steady-state time is 240 s and 60 s, respectively. The deloading rate of No. 12 is different, which is 0.5 KN / min. In the deceleration test, the deceleration rates of No. 13-15 are different, which are 60rpm / s, 100 rpm / s, and 200 rpm / s, respectively.

[0023] Table 1 Influence factors of unsteady damage of GCr15 bearing steel under different unsteady service conditions.

[0024] It can be seen from Table 1 above that the influencing factors of non-steady-state damage of the same bearing material under different service conditions are The values ​​are different. And with the increase of loading / unloading rate and acceleration / deceleration rate, The value gradually increases, the bearing material damage intensifies under non-steady-state service conditions, and the bearing life decreases.

[0025] Table 2 shows the influencing factors of unsteady-state damage of different bearing materials under the same unsteady-state test conditions.

[0026] It can be seen from Table 2 above that the non-steady-state damage influencing factors of the two bearing materials GCr15 and 40Cr15Mo2VN are Compared with GCr15 steel, the non-steady-state damage influencing factor of 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing steel is The larger value indicates that the damage of 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing material is more serious under non-steady-state service conditions.

[0027] Table 3 shows the improvement rate of non-steady-state damage of bearing materials under solid-liquid composite lubrication.

[0028] Under the same non-steady-state test conditions, different solid-liquid composite lubrication methods are used to improve the non-steady-state damage of GCr15 bearing steel. See Table 3. No. 1 uses a solid-liquid composite lubrication method in which 0.5 g / mL graphite is added to the lubricating oil, No. 2 uses a solid-liquid composite lubrication method in which 1.0 g / mL graphite is added to the lubricating oil, and No. 3 is a control sample without adding graphite.

[0029] Table 3 Non-steady-state damage improvement rate of bearing materials under solid-liquid composite lubrication It can be seen from Table 3 that under the same unsteady-state test conditions, after adding graphite to the lubricating oil, the unsteady-state damage influencing factor of GCr15 steel is The improvement rate of sample No. 1 is 15.9%, which is greater than that of sample No. 2, indicating that the non-steady-state damage improvement effect of GCr15 steel is more significant after adding 0.5 g / mL graphite.

[0030] Table 4 shows the improvement rate of non-steady-state damage of bearing materials after surface induction quenching modification.

[0031] Under the same non-steady-state test conditions, different surface induction quenching processes are used to improve the non-steady-state damage of 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing steel. See Table 4. The induction quenching process of No. 1 is: frequency 12.3kHz, power 57 kW, water agent cooling condition, quenching time is 7 s (process 1). The induction quenching process of No. 2 is: frequency 12.3kHz, power 57 kW, water agent cooling condition, quenching time is 8 s (process 2). The induction quenching process of No. 3 is: frequency 12.3kHz, power 57 kW, water agent cooling condition, quenching time is 9 s (process 3). No. 4 is the control group sample, which adopts the complete quenching process, that is: heating at 1030℃ for 60 min and then oil quenching, (-196℃×1 h deep cooling + 400℃×1 h tempering)×2.

[0032] Table 4 Non-steady-state damage improvement rate of bearing materials after surface induction quenching modification It can be seen from Table 4 that under the same unsteady-state test conditions, the unsteady-state damage influencing factor of 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing steel after surface induction quenching modification is The values ​​are all reduced, indicating that the performance of the modified 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing steel is improved. And the 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing steel after surface induction quenching (process 2) Minimum value, surface induction hardening (process 3) The value is the largest. This shows that surface induction quenching (process 2) has a better non-steady-state damage improvement rate. , the improvement rate of surface induction tempering (process 1) Next, the improvement rate of surface induction hardening (process 3) Lower.

[0033] Table 5 shows the improvement rate of non-steady-state damage of bearing materials after carbonitriding modification.

[0034] Under the same non-steady-state test conditions, different carbonitriding processes are used to improve the non-steady-state damage of GCr15 bearing steel. See Table 5.

[0035] The carbonitriding process No. 1 is: nitrogen-methanol as carrier gas, carbonitriding temperature 900 ℃, treatment time 100 min, quenching temperature 860 ℃, holding time 30 min, carbon potential controlled at 1.10% C, oil quenching, and tempering at 180 ℃ for 4 h (process 1).

[0036] The carbonitriding process No. 2 is: nitrogen-methanol as the carrier gas, carbonitriding temperature 825 ℃, treatment time 580 min, quenching temperature 812 ℃, holding time 35 min, carbon potential controlled at 1.18% C, oil quenching, and tempering at 180 ℃ for 4 h (process 2).

[0037] The carbonitriding process No. 3 is: nitrogen-methanol as the carrier gas, carbonitriding temperature 850 ℃, treatment time 330 min, quenching temperature 850 ℃, holding time 80 min, carbon potential controlled at 1.3% C, oil quenching, and tempering at 180 ℃ for 4 h (process 3).

[0038] Sample No. 4 is the control group, which adopts the traditional quenching-tempering process, that is, the quenching temperature is 830℃, the sample is kept at this temperature for 35min, then oil quenched, and tempered at 150℃ for 4h.

[0039] Table 5 Non-steady-state damage improvement rate of bearing materials after carbonitriding modification It can be seen from Table 5 that under the same unsteady-state test conditions, the unsteady-state damage influencing factor of GCr15 bearing steel after carbonitriding modification is The values ​​of GCr15 bearing steel after carbon-nitrogen quenching (process 2) are all reduced, indicating that the performance of the modified GCr15 bearing steel is improved. The smallest value, carbonitriding (process 1) The value is the largest. This shows that carbon-nitrogen quenching (process 2) has a better non-steady-state damage improvement rate. , the improvement rate of carbonitriding (process 3) Next, the improvement rate of carbonitriding (process 1) Lower.

[0040] It can be seen from Table 5 that under the same unsteady-state test conditions, the unsteady-state damage influencing factor of GCr15 bearing steel after carbonitriding modification is The values ​​of GCr15 bearing steel after carbon-nitrogen quenching (process 2) are all reduced, indicating that the performance of the modified GCr15 bearing steel is improved. The smallest value, carbonitriding (process 1) The value is the largest. This shows that carbon-nitrogen quenching (process 2) has a better non-steady-state damage improvement rate. , the improvement rate of carbonitriding (process 3) Next, the improvement rate of carbonitriding (process 1) Lower.

[0041] The preferred specific implementation modes and embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the tables, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementation modes and embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select bearings of different materials and set a variety of different service conditions for each material. Each service condition has a non-steady-state condition with varying service parameters and a steady-state condition after the service parameters are stabilized. Through experiments, the non-steady-state damage amount w of bearings of different materials under different non-steady conditions is obtained. 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , and calculate the bearing non-steady-state damage influence factor ; Step 2: Correlate the corresponding bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions and bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors to establish a basic database of non-steady-state service conditions-bearing materials-bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors; Step 3: Use different bearing anti-wear modification technologies to modify the bearings, and use the method described in step 1 to obtain the bearing non-steady-state damage influencing factors of the bearings modified with different technologies under different service conditions. ; Step 4: Based on the results of step 3 and the basic database of step 2, calculate the improvement rate of the non-steady-state damage of the modified bearing. , obtain the correlation between bearing materials, non-steady-state conditions, bearing modification processes, and non-steady-state damage improvement rates, and establish a corresponding modification database; Step 5: According to the required bearing material and service conditions, the most suitable bearing modification method under the corresponding non-steady-state conditions is selected from the modification database.

2. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The non-steady-state service conditions in step 1 include four conditions: loading, acceleration, unloading, and deceleration.

3. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The unsteady-state damage amount w of the bearing under the unsteady-state condition described in step 1 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 According to the design principle of equi-Hertzian contact stress, the test load F under the reciprocating sliding test condition is obtained from the load in the rolling non-steady-state test. The sliding speed v in the reciprocating sliding test is the linear speed difference between the driving wheel and the steel ball in the rolling non-steady-state test. The wear scar area A in the reciprocating sliding test is measured by a three-dimensional profiler. The sliding test time in the reciprocating sliding test is t, t is a constant value, and the reciprocating sliding stroke is L, L is a constant value. According to the volume wear rate calculation formula , the material unsteady damage amount w under different rolling unsteady conditions can be obtained 非稳态 And the steady-state damage w under steady-state conditions 稳态 , thus obtaining the bearing unsteady damage influencing factors under different unsteady conditions .

4. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing materials used in step 2 include GCr15 and 40Cr15Mo2VN bearing materials.

5. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The modification treatment of the bearing in step three includes solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology and bearing surface modification technology, wherein the bearing surface modification technology includes surface induction quenching process and carbonitriding process treatment of the bearing material.

6. A quantitative design method for resisting non-steady-state damage of a bearing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-liquid composite lubrication control technology in step three includes adding different proportions of graphite into the lubricating oil of the bearing material.

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