A wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wear-resistant, self-lubricating guide rail material, its preparation method, and its application. The wear-resistant, self-lubricating guide rail material comprises a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate. The wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed of a babbitt alloy. Forming the wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate effectively improves the wear resistance and self-lubricating properties of the guide rail substrate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal material surface treatment, and in particular to a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, a preparation method thereof, and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] Guide rails have a higher rated load than bearings and can bear a certain torque. They can achieve high-precision linear motion under high load conditions, so there are very high requirements for their accuracy, strength, and wear resistance.

[0003] Currently, guide rails on the market consist of guide rails, sliders, and balls. Linear motion is achieved by the rolling of balls between the guide rails and sliders. This rolling of balls between the guide rails and sliders can damage the guide rails over time, causing them to lose precision and deform. In severe cases, this can lead to surface wear or partial detachment, significantly reducing their service life. Numerous inspections and long-term service test data indicate that the root cause is poor surface wear resistance and insufficient toughness of the base material. Guide rail alloy steel is typically used in applications requiring high precision, high rigidity, and high stability. Therefore, it is required that the core possesses excellent toughness, while the surface possesses high hardness, strength, and wear resistance.

[0004] Currently, guide rails are typically filled with lubricating oil or grease to form an oil film on the rolling surface. This reduces friction between moving parts, prevents coking, reduces wear, and prolongs rolling fatigue life. However, mixing different types of grease can increase viscosity and damage system performance. When guide rails are exposed to humidity or corrosive gases for extended periods, their surfaces are susceptible to rust, affecting the rail's surface brightness, the metal's chemical structure and composition, and its surface pH. Friction also occurs during operation. Excessive friction in guide rails with poor thermal conductivity can lead to excessive temperature rise, shortening the rail's service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material and its preparation method and application in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0007] The present invention provides a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, wherein the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed of babbitt alloy.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes: using a laser cladding process to clad a layer of laser cladding layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and then using a cold spraying process to fill the melted Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0009] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the preparation of guide rails, screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, and brake systems.

[0010] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] The present invention provides a wear-resistant, self-lubricating guide rail material, its preparation method, and its application. The wear-resistant, self-lubricating guide rail material comprises a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate. The wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed of a babbitt alloy. Forming the wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate effectively improves the wear resistance and self-lubricating properties of the guide rail substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the composition of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the method provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are used. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0015] The following is a detailed description of a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material provided by an embodiment of the present invention, its preparation method, and its application.

[0016] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, wherein the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed of a babbitt alloy.

[0017] Tin-based babbitt alloys offer excellent friction reduction, embeddability, and conformability, making them widely used in key components such as machine tool guide rails. To improve the performance of the guide rail substrate, embodiments of the present invention utilize surface modification technology to create a wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate. This layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating, reinforcing phase formed from babbitt alloy. This wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer is a babbitt alloy-clad hard layer, effectively enhancing the surface hardness and self-lubricating properties of the guide rail substrate.

[0018] In some optional embodiments, the hard phase is formed by laser cladding a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder;

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of aluminum powder to zirconium oxide powder is (0.5-2): (2.8-4.5);

[0020] Preferably, the hard phase is a hard mixed phase containing at least two of aluminum, zirconium oxide, or aluminum oxide and zirconium.

[0021] An embodiment of the present invention provides a wear-resistant, self-lubricating guide rail material, comprising a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate. The wear-resistant, self-lubricating layer comprises a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed by a babbitt alloy, wherein the hard phase is formed by laser cladding a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder. Laser cladding is performed on the surface of the guide rail substrate at high temperature to produce the following reaction: Al + ZrO = Al2O3 + Zr. By adjusting the proportions of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder, a laser cladding layer containing a hard mixed phase of at least two of aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium can be clad on the surface of the guide rail substrate, effectively improving the wear resistance of the guide rail substrate. In addition, the laser cladding layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate by laser cladding can improve the bonding characteristics between the laser cladding layer and the guide rail substrate, which is also conducive to improving the bonding strength of the babbitt alloy on the surface of the guide rail substrate.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, the self-lubricating reinforcing phase is filled inside and on the surface of the hard phase particles;

[0023] Preferably, the self-lubricating reinforcement phase accounts for 25-38% of the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer. Melting the babbitt alloy powder and filling it into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles can improve the self-lubricating function of the guide rail.

[0024] In some optional embodiments, the performance of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material meets one of the following conditions:

[0025] (1) The surface hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 2000~2200HV, and the depth of the hardened layer is 2~4mm;

[0026] (2) The hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the guide rail base material, and the wear resistance is increased by 3 to 5 times;

[0027] (3) The average friction coefficient of the surface of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4 to 5 times lower than that of the guide rail base material.

[0028] (4) The rated life of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4-5 times longer than that of the guide rail base material.

[0029] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, which includes: using a laser cladding process to clad a layer of laser cladding layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and then using a cold spraying process to fill the melted Babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0030] In some optional embodiments, the laser cladding process includes the following steps: after irradiating the laser in a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate, a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder is sent to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees to the laser irradiation direction for laser cladding.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, the conditions of the laser cladding process are as follows: the laser power is controlled to be 2000-4000 W, the diameter of the laser spot is 3-5 mm, the movement rate of the laser irradiation device is 5-10 mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 3-7 Hz, the powder feeding amount is 80-100 g / min, and the laser cladding powder temperature is set at 800-930°C.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, the cold spraying process includes the following steps: using a mixture of nitrogen and argon as a powder feeding gas, heating the powder feeding gas to 250-320°C, and then entering the spray gun to mix with the babbitt alloy powder to form a supersonic airflow, and controlling the cold spraying process conditions so that the melted babbitt alloy liquid is filled into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

[0033] In some optional embodiments, the cold spraying process conditions are as follows: powder feeding pressure: 0.5-0.8 MPa, powder feeding speed: 15-50 g / min, powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min.

[0034] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an application of the above-mentioned wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the preparation of guide rails, lead screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, brake systems, etc.

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0036] The performance test basis of the guide rail substrate and guide rail material in the following examples and comparative examples is as follows:

[0037] The Vickers hardness was measured according to GB / T 4340.1-2009 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 1: Test method.

[0038] The hardened layer depth is measured according to GB / T 5617-2005 Determination of effective hardened layer depth after induction hardening or flame hardening of steel.

[0039] The wear resistance was measured according to GB 10622-1989 Metallic Materials Rolling Contact Fatigue Test Method.

[0040] The rated life is measured according to JB / T 13813.7-2020, Reliability and life of rolling functional components, Part 7, Rated dynamic load and fatigue life test specification for rolling linear guide pairs.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the guide rail substrate to remove the surface oxide scale, and then place it in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0044] Step 2: Aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder were thoroughly mixed in a mass ratio of 1:3.43. The mixed powder was then applied to the machining surface of the guide rail substrate at a 45° angle to the laser irradiation direction. Laser cladding parameters were as follows: laser power of 3000W, laser spot diameter of 4mm, laser irradiation speed of 8mm / s, laser head oscillation frequency of 5Hz, and powder feed rate of 80g / min. The laser cladding powder temperature was set at 850°C. This powder mixture reacted fully to form a two-phase hard cladding layer of aluminum oxide and zirconium.

[0045] Step 3: Select micron-sized tin-based babbitt alloy powder. Use a cold spray gas heater to heat the feed gas to 300°C. The molten tin-based babbitt alloy fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles, forming a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. Cold spray process parameters are as follows: feed gas: nitrogen + argon, feed pressure: 0.7 MPa, feed rate: 30 g / min, feed accuracy: ±1%, feed gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. Gas heater power: 4 kW, input power: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0046] Step 4: Micro-grind the surface of the guide rail substrate to make it smooth.

[0047] The composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material can be found in Figure 1It can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by a tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0048] The test results are as follows:

[0049] The surface hardness of the guide rail material reaches 2050 HV, 3.2 times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material). Wear resistance is increased by 4.1 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.2 mm. The average coefficient of friction on the guide rail material surface is 4.3 times lower than that of the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased by 4.4 times compared to the guide rail base material.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the guide rail substrate to remove the surface oxide scale, and then place it in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0053] Step 2: Aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder in a mass ratio of 3:7 were thoroughly mixed and then applied to the guide rail substrate's machining surface at a 45° angle to the laser irradiation direction. Laser cladding parameters were as follows: laser power of 3000W, laser spot diameter of 4mm, laser irradiation speed of 8mm / s, laser head oscillation frequency of 5Hz, and powder feed rate of 80g / min. The laser cladding powder temperature was set at 850°C. This powder mixture did not react sufficiently to form a three-phase hard cladding layer of aluminum, aluminum oxide, and zirconium.

[0054] Step 3: Select micron-sized tin-based babbitt alloy powder. Use a cold spray gas heater to heat the feed gas to 300°C. The molten tin-based babbitt alloy fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles, forming a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. Cold spray process parameters are as follows: feed gas: nitrogen + argon, feed pressure: 0.7 MPa, feed rate: 30 g / min, feed accuracy: ±1%, feed gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. Gas heater power: 4 kW, input power: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0055] Step 4: Micro-grind the surface of the guide rail substrate to make it smooth.

[0056] The composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material can be found in Figure 1 It can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by a tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0057] The test results are as follows:

[0058] The surface hardness of the guide rail material reaches 2100 HV, 3.5 times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material). Wear resistance is increased by 4.3 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.3 mm. The average coefficient of friction on the guide rail material surface is 4.3 times lower than that of the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased by 4.6 times compared to the guide rail base material.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the guide rail substrate to remove the surface oxide scale, and then place it in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0062] Step 2: Aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder in a mass ratio of 1:4 were thoroughly mixed and then applied to the machining surface of the guide rail substrate at a 45° angle to the laser irradiation direction. Laser cladding parameters were as follows: laser power of 3000W, laser spot diameter of 4mm, laser irradiation speed of 8mm / s, laser head oscillation frequency of 5Hz, and powder feed rate of 80g / min. The laser cladding powder temperature was set at 850°C. This powder mixture did not react sufficiently to form a three-phase hard cladding layer of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium.

[0063] Step 3: Select micron-sized tin-based babbitt alloy powder. Use a cold spray gas heater to heat the feed gas to 300°C. The molten tin-based babbitt alloy fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles, forming a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. Cold spray process parameters are as follows: feed gas: nitrogen + argon, feed pressure: 0.7 MPa, feed rate: 30 g / min, feed accuracy: ±1%, feed gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. Gas heater power: 4 kW, input power: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0064] Step 4: Micro-grind the surface of the guide rail substrate to make it smooth.

[0065] The composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material can be found in Figure 1 It can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by a tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0066] The test results are as follows:

[0067] The surface hardness of the guide rail material reaches 2090 HV, 3.5 times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material). Wear resistance is increased by 4.3 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.3 mm. The average coefficient of friction on the guide rail material surface is 4.3 times lower than that of the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased by 4.5 times compared to the guide rail base material.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the guide rail substrate to remove the surface oxide scale, and then place it in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0071] Step 2: Aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder in a mass ratio of 8:21 were thoroughly mixed and then applied to the machining surface of the guide rail substrate at a 45° angle to the laser irradiation direction. Laser cladding parameters were as follows: laser power of 3000W, laser spot diameter of 4mm, laser irradiation speed of 8mm / s, laser head oscillation frequency of 5Hz, and powder feed rate of 80g / min. The laser cladding powder temperature was set at 850°C. This powder mixture did not react sufficiently to form a four-phase hard cladding layer of aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium.

[0072] Step 3: Select micron-sized tin-based babbitt alloy powder. Use a cold spray gas heater to heat the feed gas to 300°C. The molten tin-based babbitt alloy fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles, forming a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. Cold spray process parameters are as follows: feed gas: nitrogen + argon, feed pressure: 0.7 MPa, feed rate: 30 g / min, feed accuracy: ±1%, feed gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. Gas heater power: 4 kW, input power: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0073] Step 4: Micro-grind the surface of the guide rail substrate to make it smooth.

[0074] The composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material can be found in Figure 1 It can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by a tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0075] The test results are as follows:

[0076] The surface hardness of the guide rail material reaches 2140 HV, 3.8 times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material), while wear resistance is increased by 4.6 times, and the hardened layer depth is 3.5 mm. The average coefficient of friction on the guide rail material surface is 4.5 times lower than that of the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased by 4.7 times compared to the guide rail base material.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material comprises the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the guide rail substrate to remove the surface oxide scale, and then place it in ethanol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.

[0080] Step 2: Aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder in a mass ratio of 4:9 were thoroughly mixed and then applied to the machining surface of the guide rail substrate at a 45° angle to the laser irradiation direction. Laser cladding parameters were as follows: laser power of 3000W, laser spot diameter of 4mm, laser irradiation speed of 8mm / s, laser head oscillation frequency of 5Hz, and powder feed rate of 100g / min. The laser cladding powder temperature was set at 850°C. This powder mixture did not react sufficiently to form a four-phase hard cladding layer of aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium.

[0081] Step 3: Select micron-sized tin-based babbitt alloy powder. Use a cold spray gas heater to heat the feed gas to 300°C. The molten tin-based babbitt alloy fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles, forming a self-lubricating reinforcement phase. Cold spray process parameters are as follows: feed gas: nitrogen + argon, feed pressure: 0.7 MPa, feed rate: 50 g / min, feed accuracy: ±1%, feed gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min. Gas heater power: 4 kW, input power: 220 V, 50 Hz.

[0082] Step 4: Micro-grind the surface of the guide rail substrate to make it smooth.

[0083] The composition of the prepared wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material can be found in Figure 1 It can be seen that the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcement phase formed by a tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0084] The test results are as follows:

[0085] The surface hardness of the guide rail material reaches 2200 HV, four times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material), while wear resistance is increased fivefold, and the hardened layer depth is 4mm. The average coefficient of friction on the guide rail material surface is reduced fivefold compared to the guide rail base material. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased fivefold compared to the guide rail base material.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] The steps are similar to those in Example 1, except that only laser cladding is performed without cold spraying of tin-based babbitt alloy.

[0088] The test results are as follows:

[0089] The surface hardness of the guide rail material can reach 2050HV, which is 3.8 times that of the unreinforced base material (guide rail base material), and the wear resistance is increased by 3 times. The hardened layer depth is 3.2mm. The rated life (L10) of the reinforced guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared to the guide rail base material.

[0090] Comparative Example 2

[0091] The steps are similar to those in Example 1, except that the laser cladding process is not performed and only the cold spraying of the babbitt alloy is performed.

[0092] The test results are as follows:

[0093] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 400 HV, the lubricating layer depth is 500 μm, and the average friction coefficient of the guide rail material surface is 5 times lower than that of the guide rail base material.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] The steps are similar to those in Example 4, except that the temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 700°C.

[0096] The test results are as follows:

[0097] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 1560HV, 2.3 times that of the untreated material, while the wear resistance is doubled, and the hardened layer depth is 2.4mm. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is 1.7 times longer than that of the guide rail base material.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] The steps are similar to those in Example 4, except that the temperature of the laser cladding powder is set at 1100°C.

[0100] The test results are as follows:

[0101] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 1372HV, 1.9 times that of the untreated material, while the wear resistance is increased by 1.2 times. The hardened layer depth is 1.8mm. The rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 1.4 times that of the guide rail base material.

[0102] Comparative Example 5

[0103] The steps are similar to those in Example 4, except that the cold spraying gas heater is used to heat the working gas to 180°C.

[0104] The test results are as follows:

[0105] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 2100HV, the depth of the hardened layer is 3.2mm, the wear resistance is increased by 2 times, the average friction coefficient of the guide rail surface is reduced by 1 times compared with the guide rail base material, and the rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared with the guide rail base material.

[0106] Comparative Example 6

[0107] The steps are similar to those in Example 4, except that the cold spraying gas heater heats the working gas to 400°C.

[0108] The test results are as follows:

[0109] The surface hardness of the guide rail material is 2110HV, the depth of the hardened layer is 3.2mm, the wear resistance is increased by 2.1 times, the average friction coefficient of the guide rail surface is reduced by 0.8 times compared with the guide rail base material, and the rated life (L10) of the strengthened guide rail material is increased by 2 times compared with the guide rail base material.

[0110] From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the two-phase, three-phase or four-phase hard mixed phase cladding layer of aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium formed by mixing aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder and the adjustment of process parameters have different strengthening effects on the guide rail surface. It is necessary to have both hard phase and Babbitt alloy lubricating phase and the process parameters are within the specified range to achieve the expected wear resistance, friction reduction and service life improvement effects.

[0111] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material, characterized in that: It includes a guide rail substrate and a wear-resistant self-lubricating layer formed on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer includes a hard phase and a self-lubricating reinforcing phase formed by babbitt alloy, wherein: the self-lubricating reinforcing phase is filled in the interior and surface of the hard phase particles; the hard phase is formed by laser cladding a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder, the mass ratio of the aluminum powder to the zirconium oxide powder is (0.5-2): (2.8-4.5), and the hard phase contains aluminum oxide and zirconium; or aluminum, aluminum oxide and zirconium; or zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium; or a hard mixed phase of aluminum, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium.

2. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-lubricating reinforcement phase accounts for 25-38% of the wear-resistant self-lubricating layer.

3. The wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The performance of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material meets one of the following conditions: (1) The surface hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 2000-2200 HV, and the depth of the hardened layer is 2-4 mm; (2) The hardness of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 3 to 4 times higher than that of the guide rail base material, and the wear resistance is increased by 3 to 5 times; (3) The average friction coefficient of the surface of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4 to 5 times lower than that of the guide rail base material; (4) The rated life of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material is 4-5 times longer than that of the guide rail base material.

4. A method for preparing a wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It includes: A laser cladding process is used to clad a layer of laser cladding layer on the surface of the guide rail substrate, and then a cold spray process is used to fill the melted babbitt alloy liquid into the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase, wherein: The laser cladding process includes the following steps: after irradiating the laser in a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate, a mixed powder of aluminum powder and zirconium oxide powder is sent to the processing surface of the guide rail substrate at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees to the laser irradiation direction for laser cladding.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The conditions of the laser cladding process are as follows: the laser power is controlled to be 2000~4000W, the diameter of the laser spot is 3~5mm, the movement rate of the laser irradiation device is 5~10mm / s, the swing frequency of the laser head is 3~7Hz, the powder feeding amount is 80~100g / min, and the laser cladding powder temperature is set at 800~930℃.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that The cold spraying process includes the following steps: using a mixture of nitrogen and argon as a powder feeding gas, heating the powder feeding gas to 250-320°C, and then entering a spray gun to mix with babbitt alloy powder to form a supersonic airflow; controlling the cold spraying process conditions so that the melted babbitt alloy liquid fills the interior and surface of the hard phase particles to form a self-lubricating reinforcement phase.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that The cold spraying process conditions are as follows: powder feeding pressure: 0.5-0.8 MPa, powder feeding speed: 15-50 g / min, powder feeding accuracy: ±1%, powder feeding gas flow accuracy: 0.1 L / min.

8. Use of the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the wear-resistant self-lubricating guide rail material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 7 in the preparation of guide rails, lead screws, bearings, gears, engines, transmissions, cams, and brake systems.

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