A monitoring system and method for coal rock dynamic disaster and earthquake precursor monitoring

Abstract

The application discloses a monitoring system and method for coal rock dynamic disaster and earthquake precursor monitoring, wherein the monitoring system comprises a control cabinet, a vector magnetic force observation device and a plurality of electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices; the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device comprises an explosion-proof shell, a mounting bracket and a plurality of magnetic field sensors; a slave controller, a slave memory, a high-speed data acquisition module and a slave communication module are arranged in the explosion-proof shell; the vector magnetic force observation device is used for monitoring the geomagnetism outside a mine; and the magnetic field sensors are used for magnetic field detection. The monitoring system and method can realize full waveform acquisition of electromagnetic signals in multiple points inside and outside the mine by the vector magnetic force observation device and the plurality of electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices, thereby providing reliable data support for the coal rock dynamic disaster and the earthquake precursor; and the magnetic field sensors are installed in an angle-adjustable mode, so that magnetic field signal acquisition at different angles is realized, and the acquisition needs in different space environments inside the mine are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electromagnetic radiation monitoring system and method, and more particularly to a monitoring system and method for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors. Background Technology

[0002] As mining depth increases, the problems faced in mining engineering become more complex, leading to more severe engineering disasters, especially gas outbursts and rock bursts. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective deep mining and construction technologies, as well as fundamental theories and technical means for preventing engineering disasters. Currently, the main methods for predicting and forecasting rock bursts include the drill cuttings method, microseismic method, acoustic emission method, and electromagnetic radiation method. Among these, the electromagnetic radiation method monitors the load-bearing capacity and energy release from deformation and fracturing of the coal and rock mass, using changes in these changes to determine the hazard and severity of rock bursts.

[0003] The earliest recorded electromagnetic disturbance can be traced back to the abnormal earthquake phenomena of 1887. In the early 1970s, the Uzbek Academy of Sciences confirmed that the Earth's crust emitted electromagnetic pulses, and the intensity of the emission increased sharply before the earthquake. After the Tangshan earthquake, my country began to study pre-earthquake electromagnetic radiation anomalies. In the mid-1970s, Qian Shuqing, Hao Jinqi, and others from the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, and Zhang Deqi and others from the Jiangsu Provincial Earthquake Bureau conducted experimental research on rock electromagnetic radiation. Based on theoretical research on rock electromagnetic radiation, Zhang Deqi and others from the Jiangsu Provincial Earthquake Bureau completed a national 85 key project, developed the DUF-1 type pre-earthquake electromagnetic radiation monitoring device, and applied it to the observation of earthquake electromagnetic wave precursors. During the same period, Japan, Greece, the United States, Sweden, Germany, and other countries also carried out research in this area. At the beginning of this century, Professor Dou Linming and Professor Wang Enyuan of China University of Mining and Technology conducted relevant research on electromagnetic radiation of coal and rock masses based on the phenomenon of rock electromagnetic radiation. On this basis, they developed a number of monitoring instruments such as KDB5 and KDB7 for monitoring electromagnetic radiation of coal and rock masses during coal mining, and achieved significant results in the prevention and control of rockbursts. Recently, Feng Zhisheng, a second-level researcher at the Jiangsu Provincial Earthquake Bureau, and others conducted research on the propagation mechanism of seismic electromagnetic waves, proposed a full-waveform acquisition and analysis scheme, and applied it to seismic electromagnetic wave observation, achieving remarkable results.

[0004] Electromagnetic radiation and acoustic emission monitoring instruments such as the KBD5 and KBD7 electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices, the YDD16 portable acoustic emission monitoring instrument, and the GDD12 online acoustic emission monitoring equipment have been widely used in monitoring the electromagnetic radiation (acoustic emission) of coal and rock masses during coal mining. They mainly focus on the time-domain changes of the monitored object in a frequency band, commonly expressed as the number of pulses and the magnitude of the field strength based on the time axis, and have achieved certain results in practical applications.

[0005] In summary, coal and rock electromagnetic radiation is characterized by wide bandwidth and variable dominant frequency band. If signal waveform characteristics are ignored and the original coal and rock electromagnetic radiation signal is directly described solely by pulse count and intensity, it may lead to omissions of information. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference may be mistaken for valid signals, resulting in inaccurate information. Both of these aspects severely impact the identification of precursory information for rockbursts. Currently used monitoring instruments do not achieve high-speed, wide-bandwidth, full-waveform acquisition, making frequency domain signal analysis impossible. Research in seismic electromagnetics reveals that electromagnetic wave monitoring should acquire the entire waveform of the signal within the observed frequency band to obtain reliable information. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring system and method for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors, which can collect electromagnetic waves inside and outside the mine in full waveform, thereby providing reliable data support for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors.

[0007] Technical Solution: The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to the present invention includes a control cabinet, a vector magnetic field observation device, and multiple electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices. The electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices include an explosion-proof housing, a mounting bracket, and multiple magnetic field sensors. The explosion-proof housing houses a controller, a memory, a signal generation circuit, a high-speed data acquisition module, and a communication module. The vector magnetic field observation device is installed on a protective platform outside the mine for monitoring the geomagnetic field outside the mine. Each magnetic field sensor is angle-adjustable and installed on the upper and lower edges of the explosion-proof housing for multi-angle magnetic field monitoring. The mounting bracket is located at the center of the lower side of the explosion-proof housing. The system is used to fix the explosion-proof housing to the mounting surface inside the mine. The controller is electrically connected to the slave memory, signal generation circuit, slave communication module, and high-speed data acquisition module. The high-speed data acquisition module and signal generation circuit are electrically connected to each magnetic field sensor. The high-speed data acquisition module acquires data from each magnetic field sensor, and the signal generation circuit sends standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor. The control cabinet is located outside the mine and is equipped with a main controller, main memory, router, and main communication module. The main controller is electrically connected to the vector magnetic force observation device, main memory, router, and main communication module. The main communication module and slave communication module are electrically connected via explosion-proof cables.

[0008] Furthermore, the explosion-proof housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing, which are detachably assembled; a hinge mounting groove is provided at the center of the four edges on the upper side of the upper housing and at the center of the four edges on the lower side of the lower housing; a sensor mounting base is mounted on the hinge mounting groove in a pitch-swing hinge manner, and the hinge shaft end on one side of the sensor mounting base is locked at the swing angle by an angle locking mechanism; the magnetic field sensor is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting base.

[0009] Furthermore, the magnetic field sensor includes a coil assembly, a magnetic core, an internal circuit board, an explosion-proof housing, inner arc-shaped shielding blades, and outer arc-shaped shielding blades; the magnetic core is fixed inside the coil assembly; a coil fixing cavity and a circuit fixing cavity are provided inside the explosion-proof housing; the coil assembly is detachably installed in the coil fixing cavity; the internal circuit board is detachably installed in the circuit fixing cavity, and a signal processing circuit electrically connected to the coil assembly is provided on the internal circuit board, which is electrically connected to the high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generation circuit respectively; the end of the explosion-proof housing is fixed to the sensor mounting base by a mounting connecting post; two blade support rings are rotatably installed on the mounting connecting post; the ends of the inner and outer arc-shaped shielding blades are respectively connected and fixed to the two blade support rings by connecting support strips, and the inner and outer arc-shaped shielding blades are partially surrounded by the explosion-proof housing.

[0010] Furthermore, the coil assembly includes a winding tube, three central induction coils, two end induction coils, six feedback coils, and two ground coils; the magnetic core is coaxially fixed inside the winding tube; six first annular grooves, three second annular grooves, and two third annular grooves are provided on the outer wall of the middle section of the winding tube, the three second annular grooves and two third annular grooves are respectively located in five intervals between the six first annular grooves, the three second annular grooves are located between the two third annular grooves, and the distance between adjacent first annular grooves and second annular grooves is equal to the distance between adjacent first annular grooves and third annular grooves; a fourth annular groove is provided on the outer wall of each end of the winding tube; the two ground coils are respectively located in the two fourth annular grooves and are electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit; the three central induction coils are respectively located in the three second annular grooves, the two end induction coils are respectively located in the two third annular grooves, and the six feedback coils are respectively located in the six first annular grooves; the six feedback coils are connected in sequence to form a... A feedback coil circuit is formed, with one end electrically connected to the ground coil and the other end electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit. Three central induction coils and two end induction coils are connected sequentially according to their positions to form a detection coil circuit, with one end electrically connected to one end of the ground coil and the other end electrically connected to the electromagnetic signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit. The other end of the ground coil is electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit. The signal processing circuit amplifies the electromagnetic signal at the electromagnetic signal input terminal and feeds back the amplified electromagnetic signal to the feedback signal input terminal. The signal processing circuit has an electromagnetic signal output terminal for outputting the amplified electromagnetic signal, which is electrically connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the high-speed data acquisition module. The signal processing circuit also has a calibration signal input terminal electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal, which is electrically connected to the signal generation circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, a ventilation window is vertically arranged through the middle of the upper shell, and a heat dissipation channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the lower shell, corresponding to the ventilation window. A central platform is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the heat dissipation channel via a radial support pipe. A mounting bracket is arranged on the lower side of the central platform, and an electrical control box is arranged on the upper side of the central platform. The electrical control box contains a slave control circuit board and a drive motor. The slave controller, slave memory, and slave communication module are all located on the slave control circuit board, which also contains a temperature sensor and a heat dissipation drive circuit electrically connected to the slave controller. A drive shaft is rotatably mounted through the top center of the electrical control box, and multiple cantilever rods are horizontally fixed at the upper end of the drive shaft. A heat dissipation suspension rod is vertically arranged below the cantilever end of each cantilever rod. A heat dissipation scraper is inclinedly installed at the lower end of the suspension rod, and each heat dissipation scraper is at a different height; the heat dissipation drive circuit is electrically connected to the drive motor, and the drive motor is used to drive the transmission shaft to rotate; multiple heat dissipation blocks are fixedly installed on the circumferential side wall of the electrical control box, and the heat dissipation fins of each heat dissipation block extend horizontally outside the electrical control box, forming annular heat dissipation zones at different heights outside the electrical control box, and each heat dissipation scraper moves horizontally within the annular heat dissipation zone at a different height position; an annular heat-conducting flat tube is installed inside the electrical control box, and the annular heat-conducting flat tube is in close contact with the heat dissipation blocks; a chip heat dissipation strip extending from the control circuit board and a motor heat dissipation strip extending from the drive motor are fixedly connected to the annular heat-conducting flat tube, and an arc-shaped heat-conducting plate is installed at the end of the motor heat dissipation strip, which is in close contact with the side wall of the drive motor.

[0012] Furthermore, the mounting bracket includes a bottom support plate, two hinged mounting seats, three telescopic support legs, a hinged spindle, and a rotary positioning bolt. The bottom support plate is rotatably mounted at the bottom center of the explosion-proof housing via the bottom support spindle. The two hinged mounting seats are located on the lower side of the bottom support plate, and the hinged spindle is mounted on the two hinged mounting seats. Each of the two hinged mounting seats has an arc-shaped adjustment hole around the hinged spindle. The ends of the two telescopic support legs are respectively pivotally hinged to both ends of the hinged spindle and locked to the arc-shaped adjustment holes by tie bolts. The end of the other telescopic support leg is pivotally hinged to the middle of the hinged spindle. The rotary positioning bolt is threaded through and screwed onto the bottom support plate, with the screw end of the rotary positioning bolt pressing against the bottom of the explosion-proof housing.

[0013] Furthermore, the vector magnetic field observation device includes an angle adjustment mechanism, a Helmholtz coil, a suspension adjustment mechanism, a spherical coil unit, a magnetic probe bracket, an optically pumped magnetic sensor, and a switching control circuit. The angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on a protective platform, and the Helmholtz coil is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism, which adjusts the rotation angle and level of the Helmholtz coil. The spherical coil unit is mounted on the Helmholtz coil via the suspension adjustment mechanism, and the spherical coil unit is located in the middle of the Helmholtz coil. The suspension adjustment mechanism adjusts the level of the spherical coil unit. The magnetic probe bracket is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism, and the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket extends into the middle of the spherical coil unit. The optically pumped magnetic sensor is mounted on the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket, and the main controller is electrically connected to the optically pumped magnetic sensor. The switching control circuit is located in the control cabinet and is electrically connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the switching control circuit to realize the series connection of the Helmholtz coil and the spherical coil unit.

[0014] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a base plate, a support tray, a rotating disc, a rotating positioning bolt, and three bottom support units. Each bottom support unit includes a sliding limit seat, a support adjusting screw, an adjusting clamping bolt, a sliding support plate, and a support threaded seat. The base plate is fixed to the protective platform, and the support threaded seats of the three bottom support units are fixed at three support points on the base plate. The lower end of the support adjusting screw is threadedly screwed onto the corresponding support threaded seat. An adjusting turntable is fixedly installed in the middle of the support adjusting screw, and a support ball head is installed at the upper end of the support adjusting screw. A sliding support seat that is spherically hinged to the support ball head is installed on the lower side of the sliding support plate. The three bottom... The sliding limit seat of the support unit is fixed at three support points on the lower side of the support tray. A flat cavity is provided inside the sliding limit seat. A movable window communicating with the flat cavity is provided on the lower side of the sliding limit seat. The sliding support seat passes through the movable window, and the sliding support plate is supported in the flat cavity. The adjusting clamping bolt is screwed on the sliding limit seat, and the end of the adjusting clamping bolt presses against the sliding support plate. A limit groove is provided on the upper side of the support tray. A rotating disk is rotatably installed in the limit groove. A rotating positioning bolt is screwed on the side of the support tray, and the end of the rotating positioning bolt presses against the rotating disk. A Helmholtz coil is installed on the rotating disk.

[0015] Furthermore, the suspension adjustment mechanism includes a suspension beam, suspension rod, suspension shaft, suspension seat, four cantilever screws, four adjusting counterweights, a counterweight pendulum, two arc-shaped suspension rods, an upper pressure plate, clamping bolts, and a lower pressure plate; the suspension beam is longitudinally fixed to the top of the Helmholtz coil, the upper end of the suspension rod is oscillating left and right in the middle of the suspension beam, and the suspension seat is fixed to the lower end of the suspension rod; the middle of the suspension shaft is laterally rotatably mounted on the suspension seat, two cantilever screws are horizontally fixed to the left and right ends of the suspension shaft respectively, and two other cantilever screws are longitudinally fixed to the front left side and the rear right side of the suspension shaft respectively; four The adjusting counterweights are screwed onto the four cantilever screws; the upper ends of the two arc-shaped rods are fixed to the lower sides of the left and right ends of the suspension shaft, and the lower ends of the two arc-shaped rods are fixed to the upper side of the upper pressure plate; a suspension connecting rod is connected between the upper ends of the two arc-shaped rods, and the top center of the counterweight pendulum is connected to the middle of the suspension connecting rod by a suspension rope; the top and bottom of the spherical coil unit are provided with circular windows, the lower pressure plate is located in the circular window at the top, and the lower pressure plate is installed below the upper pressure plate by clamping bolts; the upper side of the lower pressure plate is provided with an arc-shaped support surface that matches the inner spherical surface of the circular window.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a monitoring method for a monitoring system used for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Select various monitoring points in the mine according to the monitoring needs, and select the installation surface of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device at each monitoring point according to the installation environment. Then, install the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device on the selected installation surface using the mounting bracket. The distance between the upper side of the upper shell and the top surface of the monitoring point is greater than the distance threshold, and the distance between the lower side of the lower shell and the ground of the monitoring point is greater than the distance threshold. Then, adjust the level of the explosion-proof shell using the mounting bracket so that the upper side of the upper shell and the lower side of the lower shell are both in a horizontal state.

[0018] Step 2: Install the vector magnetic field observation device on the protective platform outside the mine, then electrically connect the vector magnetic field observation device to the main controller of the control cabinet, and then perform initialization adjustment on the vector magnetic field observation device;

[0019] Step 3: Rotate and adjust the explosion-proof housing. Using the center of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing as the origin of the coordinate system, rotate the magnetic field sensors on the four edges of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing to the four directions of due south, due north, due east, and due west, and then lock the rotation of the explosion-proof housing.

[0020] Step 4: Tilt the four magnetic field sensors on the upper housing and lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side using the corresponding angle locking mechanism. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blades and outer arc-shaped shielding blades on the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side to shield the circumference of the upper coil assembly within the shielding angle range.

[0021] Step 5: Tilt the four magnetic field sensors on the lower housing and lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side using the corresponding angle locking mechanism. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blades and outer arc-shaped shielding blades on the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side to shield the circumference of the coil assembly on the lower side within the shielding angle range.

[0022] Step 6: Connect the communication modules of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device to the main communication module of the control cabinet using explosion-proof cables. The main controller communicates with the remote control center through a router.

[0023] Step 7: Each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device is surrounded and shielded by an electromagnetic shielding cover to isolate the interference of the ambient magnetic field on the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device. Then, the main controller sends a calibration command to the slave communication module of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device through the main communication module. After receiving the calibration command, the slave communication module generates a standard calibration signal through the signal generation circuit and inputs it to the signal processing circuit through the calibration signal input terminal. Then, the standard calibration signal is output to the feedback coil circuit through the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit to generate a calibration electromagnetic field. Then, the signal processing circuit amplifies the electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit. Then, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified electromagnetic signal and uses the acquired electromagnetic signal as the calibration electromagnetic signal. Then, each electromagnetic shielding cover is removed and the signal generation of the signal generation circuit is stopped.

[0024] Step 8: The main controller acquires the acquisition instructions from the remote control center in real time. After acquiring the acquisition instructions, the main controller forwards the acquisition instructions to each slave communication module through the main communication module. After receiving the acquisition instructions, each slave controller amplifies the actual electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit through the signal processing circuit. Then, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified actual electromagnetic signal. The slave controller then normalizes the acquired actual electromagnetic signal according to the calibration electromagnetic signal to obtain the actual output signal. The actual output signal is then sent to the main controller through the communication between the slave communication module and the main communication module. The main controller also performs magnetic field detection control on the vector magnetic force observation device to obtain the external magnetic field data. The main controller temporarily stores the actual output signal and the external magnetic field data in the main memory.

[0025] Step 9: The main controller forwards the actual output signal in the main memory and the external magnetic field data to the remote control center through the router.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: It utilizes a vector magnetic field observation device and multiple electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices to achieve multi-point electromagnetic signal acquisition both inside and outside the mine, thus providing reliable data support for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors; it utilizes a high-speed data acquisition module to achieve high-speed acquisition of the full waveform of electromagnetic signals during the outward radiation of electromagnetic energy during the loading, deformation, and fracturing process of coal and rock masses; it utilizes a mounting bracket to fix the explosion-proof housing onto the installation surface inside the mine, thus meeting the installation needs of different installation environments inside the mine; it utilizes adjustable angle mounting of each magnetic field sensor on the explosion-proof housing to achieve magnetic field signal acquisition at different angles, meeting the acquisition needs of different spatial environments inside the mine; and it utilizes a signal generation circuit to send standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor, thereby calibrating the actual electromagnetic signals and ensuring the reliability of the actual electromagnetic signal acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system layout of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device of the present invention when installed in a horizontal plane.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device of the present invention when installed vertically.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof housing of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the angle locking mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic field sensor of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the vector magnetic force observation device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the vector magnetic force observation device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the spherical coil unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the angle adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection circuit of each coil in the coil assembly of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the signal processing circuit of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the switching control circuit of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the system circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described.

[0044] like Figure 1-16 As shown, the monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors disclosed in this invention includes: a control cabinet 113, a vector magnetic field observation device, and multiple electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices; the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device includes an explosion-proof housing, a mounting bracket, and multiple magnetic field sensors; the explosion-proof housing is equipped with a controller, a memory, a signal generation circuit, a high-speed data acquisition module, and a communication module; the vector magnetic field observation device is installed on a protective platform outside the mine for monitoring the geomagnetism outside the mine; each magnetic field sensor is angle-adjustable and installed on the upper and lower edges of the explosion-proof housing for multi-angle magnetic field monitoring; the mounting bracket is located at the center of the lower side of the explosion-proof housing for securing the explosion-proof housing. The mounting surface is fixed inside the mine, including a horizontal mounting surface and / or a vertical mounting surface; the controller is electrically connected to the slave memory, signal generation circuit, slave communication module and high-speed data acquisition module respectively. The high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generation circuit are electrically connected to each magnetic field sensor. The high-speed data acquisition module acquires data from each magnetic field sensor, and the signal generation circuit sends standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor; the control cabinet 113 is located outside the mine and is equipped with a main controller, main memory, router and main communication module; the main controller is electrically connected to the vector magnetic force observation device, main memory, router and main communication module respectively; the main communication module and slave communication module are electrically connected through explosion-proof cables.

[0045] By utilizing vector magnetic field observation devices and multiple electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices, it is possible to collect electromagnetic signals from multiple points inside and outside the mine, thereby providing reliable data support for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors. High-speed data acquisition modules enable high-speed acquisition of the full waveform of electromagnetic signals during the outward radiation of electromagnetic energy during the loading, deformation, and fracturing process of coal and rock masses. Mounting brackets allow for the fixation of the explosion-proof enclosure onto the installation surface inside the mine, meeting the installation needs of different environments within the mine. Adjustable angle mounting of various magnetic field sensors on the explosion-proof enclosure enables the acquisition of magnetic field signals at different angles, meeting the acquisition needs of different spatial environments within the mine. A signal generation circuit sends standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor, enabling the calibration of actual electromagnetic signals and ensuring the reliability of actual electromagnetic signal acquisition.

[0046] Furthermore, the main technical specifications of the high-speed data acquisition module are: (1) continuous sampling rate up to 200M / s; (2) 16-bit resolution and 0.1% accuracy; (3) 1 ppm time reference accuracy.

[0047] Furthermore, the signal generation circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter circuit and an operational amplifier circuit. The digital-to-analog converter circuit converts the digital signal sent from the controller into an analog signal, and then the operational amplifier circuit amplifies the generated analog signal, using the amplified signal as a standard calibration signal.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, the explosion-proof housing includes an upper housing 18 and a lower housing 1, which are detachably assembled. A hinged mounting groove 3 is provided at the center of the four edges on the upper side of the upper housing 18 and at the center of the four edges on the lower side of the lower housing 1. A conduit 4 for passing through explosion-proof cables is provided on the side of the lower housing 1. A sensor mounting base 19 is hinged to the hinged mounting groove 3 in a tilting and swinging manner. The end of the hinge shaft 21 on one side of the sensor mounting base 19 is locked at the swing angle by an angle locking mechanism. The magnetic field sensor is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting base 19. The hinged mounting using the sensor mounting base 19 allows for adjustment of the pitch angle of the magnetic field sensor, and the swing angle is locked by the angle locking mechanism.

[0049] Furthermore, the other side of the sensor mounting base 19 is a hinged pipe shaft 20, which is used to thread the electrical connection cable of the magnetic field sensor, and the electrical connection cable is an explosion-proof cable.

[0050] Furthermore, flange edges 2 are provided on the lower side of the upper housing 18 and the upper side of the lower housing 1, and the upper and lower flange edges 2 are detachably assembled by tie bolts.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 7As shown, the angle locking mechanism includes a telescopic insert 25, a spring 29, and a locking disc 23; a locking cavity 22 is provided at the end of the hinge shaft 21, and the locking disc 23 is fixed to the end of the hinge shaft 21; one end of the telescopic insert 25 is movably inserted into the locking cavity 22, and the other end extends out of the explosion-proof housing; an angle locking seat 24 is provided on the insertion end of the telescopic insert 25, and an arc-shaped groove 30 that mates with the circumferential surface of the locking disc 23 is provided on the angle locking seat 24; on the circumference of the locking disc 23... Interlocking limiting protrusions are provided on the surface and the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove 30; a spring mounting groove 28 is provided on the angle locking seat 24, one end of the spring-loaded spring 29 is supported at the bottom of the locking cavity 22, and the other end is supported in the spring mounting groove 28, used to push the locking disc 23 to fit against the arc-shaped groove 30; a T-shaped guide groove 26 is provided on the side of the telescopic insert 25 along the support direction of the spring-loaded spring 29, and a T-shaped guide slider 27 is provided on the inner wall of the locking cavity 22, which is slidably embedded in the T-shaped guide groove 26. By utilizing the cooperation between the locking disc 23 and the arc-shaped groove 30, the limiting protrusions can be fully engaged, and the stability of the angle locking is ensured under the action of the spring-loaded spring 29; by utilizing the cooperation between the T-shaped guide groove 26 and the T-shaped guide slider 27, the limiting and guiding of the telescopic insert 25 can be realized.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 and 8As shown, the magnetic field sensor includes a coil assembly, a magnetic core, an internal circuit board 65, an explosion-proof housing, inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47, and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48. The magnetic core is fixed inside the coil assembly and is composed of multiple thin magnetic cores bundled together. The material of the magnetic core is manganese-zinc ferrite. A coil fixing cavity 53 and a circuit fixing cavity 64 are provided inside the explosion-proof housing. The coil assembly is detachably installed in the coil fixing cavity 53. The internal circuit board 65 is detachably installed in the circuit fixing cavity 64. The internal circuit board 65 is provided with circuits that connect to the coil assembly. The signal processing circuit is electrically connected to both the high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generation circuit. The end of the explosion-proof housing is fixed to the sensor mounting base 19 via a mounting connecting post 50. Two blade support rings 45 are rotatably mounted on the mounting connecting post 50. The ends of the inner arc-shaped shielding blade 47 and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade 48 are respectively connected and fixed to the two blade support rings 45 via connecting support bars 46, and both the inner arc-shaped shielding blade 47 and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade 48 are partially surrounded by the explosion-proof housing. By utilizing the partial surrounding of the inner arc-shaped shielding blade 47 and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade 48 on the periphery of the explosion-proof housing, the magnetic field sensing angle range of each magnetic field sensor can be adjusted according to the on-site installation requirements, reducing the aliasing of electromagnetic signals acquired by each magnetic field sensor. The explosion-proof housing can also seal and protect the coil assembly and the built-in circuit board 65 from explosion, ensuring safety during use inside the mine.

[0053] Furthermore, the explosion-proof housing includes a cylindrical housing 49 and two end caps 51; both ends of the cylindrical housing 49 are provided with end threaded holes, which are respectively connected to the coil fixing cavity 53 and the circuit fixing cavity 64; both end caps 51 are provided with threaded bosses 52, which are respectively screwed onto the two end threaded holes to achieve detachable installation; the mounting connecting post 50 is fixed on the lower end cap 51.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 and 13As shown, the coil assembly includes a winding tube 54, three central induction coils 62, two end induction coils 60, six feedback coils 61, and two ground coils 57; the magnetic core is coaxially fixed inside the winding tube 54; six first annular grooves 58, three second annular grooves 59, and two third annular grooves 63 are provided on the outer wall of the middle section of the winding tube 54. The three second annular grooves 59 and the two third annular grooves 63 are respectively located in five intervals between the six first annular grooves 58, and the three second annular grooves 59 are located in two third annular grooves 63. Between slots 63, the distance between adjacent first annular slots 58 and second annular slots 59 is equal to the distance between adjacent first annular slots 58 and third annular slots 63; a fourth annular slot 55 is provided on the outer wall of both ends of the winding tube 54; two ground coils 57 are respectively located in two fourth annular slots 55, and are both electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit; three middle induction coils 62 are respectively located in three second annular slots 59, two end induction coils 60 are respectively located in two third annular slots 63, and six feedback coils 61 are respectively located in... Within the six first annular slots 58, six feedback coils 61 are connected in sequence to form a feedback coil circuit, with one end of the feedback coil circuit electrically connected to the ground coil 57 and the other end electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit; three central induction coils 62 and two end induction coils 60 are connected in sequence according to their positions to form a detection coil circuit, with one end of the detection coil circuit electrically connected to one end of the ground coil 57 and the other end electrically connected to the electromagnetic signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit; the other end of the ground coil 57 is electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit; the signal processing circuit is used to amplify the electromagnetic signal at the electromagnetic signal input terminal and to feed back the amplified electromagnetic signal to the feedback signal input terminal; the signal processing circuit is provided with an electromagnetic signal output terminal for outputting the amplified electromagnetic signal, which is electrically connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the high-speed data acquisition module; the signal processing circuit is also provided with a calibration signal input terminal electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal, which is electrically connected to the signal generation circuit. The first annular groove 58, the second annular groove 59, the third annular groove 63, and the fourth annular groove 55 facilitate the positioning and winding of the feedback coil 61, the middle induction coil 62, the end induction coil 60, and the ground coil 57, respectively, thereby ensuring the stability of each coil and the uniform distribution of the coil winding. The six feedback coils 61 form a feedback coil circuit, which on the one hand can feed back the amplified actual electromagnetic signal, so that the detection coil circuit can obtain a more robust and reliable actual electromagnetic signal, and on the other hand can facilitate the input of the standard calibration signal to the signal generation circuit to generate the calibration electromagnetic field, and finally acquire the calibration electromagnetic signal, which facilitates the normalization processing of the actual electromagnetic signal. The three middle induction coils 62 are set between the two end induction coils 60, so as to better collect the magnetic field induction at the middle position where the signal strength is stronger.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 14As shown, the signal processing circuit includes terminal block P1, preamplifier U1, constant current source chip U4, first operational amplifier U2, second operational amplifier U3, resistors R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R16, R19, R21, R24, R25, R28, R29, capacitors C3, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C12, and diode D6; preamplifier U1 uses a JFE2140 chip, and constant current source chip U4 uses an LM234DT chip. Both operational amplifiers U2 and U3 use the LT1354CS8 chip. Pin 1 of terminal P1 serves as the electromagnetic signal input terminal for the signal processing circuit, pin 2 serves as the ground input terminal, and pin 3 serves as the feedback signal input terminal. The electromagnetic signal input terminal is electrically connected to one end of resistor R13 and pin G1 of preamplifier U1, respectively. The ground input terminal is grounded after being electrically connected to the other end of resistor R13. The feedback signal input terminal is electrically connected to one end of resistor R21, one end of resistor R19, and one end of resistor R28, respectively. The other end of resistor R28 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R29 and serves as the calibration signal input terminal. The other end of resistor R29 is grounded; the other end of resistor R21 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C12, and the other end of capacitor C12 is electrically connected to the other end of resistor R19, one end of capacitor C8, one end of resistor R12, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U2, and one end of capacitor C7; the negative terminal of diode D6 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R25 and then to the negative voltage source VEE; the positive terminal of diode D6 is electrically connected to the V- pin of constant current source chip U4 and one end of resistor R24, and the other end of resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to the other end of resistor R25 and the ADJ pin of constant current source chip U4; the V+ pin of constant current source chip U4 is electrically connected to the S1 and S2 pins of preamplifier U1. The VCL pin of preamplifier U1 is electrically connected to the negative voltage source VEE. The G2 pin of preamplifier U1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R14, the other end of capacitor C8, and the other end of resistor R12. The other end of resistor R14 is grounded. The VCH pin of preamplifier U1 is electrically connected to the positive voltage source VCC. The D1 pin of preamplifier U1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R3, one end of resistor R6, and one end of resistor R7. The D2 pin of preamplifier U1 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R10, one end of capacitor C6, and one end of resistor R4. The other end of resistor R3 is electrically connected to the other end of resistor R4 and then to the positive voltage source VCC. The other end of resistor R6 is electrically connected to the other end of capacitor C6.The other end of resistor R7 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier U2, and the other end of resistor R10 is electrically connected to the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier U2. The other end of capacitor C7 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R8. The other end of resistor R8 is electrically connected to the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier U3, one end of capacitor C3, and one end of resistor R5. The other end of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R9, the output terminal of the second operational amplifier U3, and the other end of resistor R5. The other end of resistor R9 serves as the electromagnetic signal output terminal of the signal processing circuit. The positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier U3 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R11, one end of capacitor C9, and one end of resistor R16. The other ends of capacitor C9 and resistor R16 are connected and then grounded. The other end of resistor R11 is electrically connected to one end of capacitor C10, and the other end of capacitor C10 is grounded.

[0056] Furthermore, rubber rings 56 are fitted on the outer walls of both ends of the winding tube 54, and the rubber rings 56 are tightly attached to the inner wall of the coil fixing cavity 53, thereby achieving stable installation of the winding tube 54 in the coil fixing cavity 53.

[0057] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, the width of the fourth annular groove 55 is smaller than the width of the first annular groove 58, the width of the first annular groove 58 is smaller than the width of the third annular groove 63, and the width of the third annular groove 63 is smaller than the width of the second annular groove 59. The middle induction coil 62 has forty turns and is wound in a single layer flat within the second annular groove 59. The end induction coil 60 has twenty turns and is wound in a single layer flat within the third annular groove 63. The feedback coil 61 has two turns and is wound in a single layer flat within the first annular groove 58. The ground coil 57 has one turn and is wound in the fourth annular groove 55. By setting all three middle induction coils 62 to forty turns and being wound in a single layer flat, a denser coil is formed at the location with a stronger magnetic field in the middle, ensuring the magnetic field induction effect.

[0058] Furthermore, such as Figure 6As shown, a ventilation window 31 is vertically arranged through the middle of the upper housing 18, and a heat dissipation channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the lower housing 1, which is connected to the ventilation window 31. A central platform 33 is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the heat dissipation channel through a radial support pipe 34. A mounting bracket is arranged on the lower side of the central platform 33, and an electrical control box 35 is arranged on the upper side of the central platform 33. A slave control circuit board 40 and a drive motor 36 are arranged inside the electrical control box 35. The slave controller, slave memory, and slave communication module are all arranged on the slave control circuit board 40, and a temperature sensor and a heat dissipation drive circuit electrically connected to the slave controller are arranged on the slave control circuit board 40. A drive shaft is rotatably mounted through the top center of the electrical control box 35, and multiple cantilever rods 37 are horizontally fixed at the upper end of the drive shaft. A heat dissipation suspension rod is vertically arranged below the cantilever end of each cantilever rod 37, and a heat dissipation scraper 39 is inclinedly arranged on the lower end of the heat dissipation suspension rod. Each heat dissipation fin 39 is at a different height; the heat dissipation drive circuit is electrically connected to the drive motor 36, which drives the transmission shaft to rotate; multiple heat dissipation blocks are fixedly installed on the circumferential sidewall of the electrical control box 35, and the heat dissipation fins 38 of each heat dissipation block extend horizontally out of the electrical control box 35, forming annular heat dissipation zones at different heights outside the electrical control box 35, and each heat dissipation fin 39 moves horizontally within the annular heat dissipation zone at a different height; the heat dissipation fin 39 is made of non-metallic material, such as plastic; an annular heat-conducting flat tube 42 is installed inside the electrical control box 35, and the annular heat-conducting flat tube 42 is attached to the heat dissipation block through a heat-conducting layer; a chip heat dissipation strip 41 extending to the control circuit board 40 and a motor heat dissipation strip 43 extending to the drive motor 36 are fixedly connected to the annular heat-conducting flat tube 42, and an arc-shaped heat-conducting plate 44 attached to the sidewall of the drive motor 36 is installed at the end of the motor heat dissipation strip 43. By connecting the heat dissipation channel and the ventilation window 31, and extending the heat dissipation fins 38 of each heat sink horizontally within the heat dissipation channel to form annular heat dissipation zones at different heights, rapid heat dissipation is achieved under the action of the heat dissipation scraper 39, ensuring the reliability of high-speed signal acquisition. The heat dissipation scrapers 39 at different heights can push the airflow within the heat dissipation channel for heat dissipation during rotation, and each heat dissipation scraper 39 can also scrape and clean the heat dissipation fins 38 of each heat sink, thereby preventing excessive dust accumulation on the heat dissipation fins 38 in the mining environment and ensuring heat dissipation effect. The heat dissipation drive circuit and drive motor 36 are both housed in the electrical control box 35, thus providing an explosion-proof function. The arrangement of the annular heat-conducting flat tube 42, chip heat dissipation strip 41, motor heat dissipation strip 43, and arc-shaped heat-conducting plate 44 enables precise heat dissipation of the corresponding electrical components, ensuring the safe operation of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device.

[0059] Furthermore, a protective net 32 ​​is installed at the upper opening of the ventilation window 31 to provide safety protection for the cantilever pole 37 and ensure safety during operation.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 2-5 As shown, the mounting bracket includes a bottom support plate 5, two hinged mounting seats 6, three telescopic support legs, a hinged spindle 17, and a rotary positioning bolt 9. The bottom support plate 5 is rotatably mounted at the bottom center of the explosion-proof housing via the bottom support spindle 8. The two hinged mounting seats 6 are located on the lower side of the bottom support plate 5, and the hinged spindle 17 is mounted on the two hinged mounting seats 6. Each of the two hinged mounting seats 6 has an arc-shaped adjustment hole 7 around the hinged spindle 17. The ends of the two telescopic support legs are respectively pivotally hinged to both ends of the hinged spindle 17 and locked to the arc-shaped adjustment hole 7 by tie bolts 11. The end of the other telescopic support leg is pivotally hinged to the middle of the hinged spindle 17. The rotary positioning bolt 9 is threaded through and screwed onto the bottom support plate 5, and the screw end of the rotary positioning bolt 9 presses against the bottom of the explosion-proof housing. The three telescopic support legs can be extended and adjusted according to the on-site installation needs to meet the support requirements of different angles; the rotating positioning bolt 9 can realize the rotation positioning of the bottom support plate 5, thereby realizing the horizontal orientation angle adjustment of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device; the arc-shaped adjustment hole 7 and the tie bolt 11 can realize the swing positioning of the two telescopic support legs, thereby ensuring the stability of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device after installation.

[0061] Furthermore, the telescopic support leg includes a hinged swing arm 10, a telescopic adjustment screw 12, a telescopic adjustment internal threaded tube 13, and a fixed mounting base 16. One end of the hinged swing arm 10 is pivotally hinged to the hinged main shaft 17, and the other end is connected to one end of the telescopic adjustment screw 12. The other end of the telescopic adjustment screw 12 is threaded into one end of the telescopic adjustment internal threaded tube 13. The fixed mounting base 16 has a fixed mounting waist-shaped hole on its edge, a ball joint seat 15 in its middle, and a hinged ball head 14 that mates with the ball joint seat 15 at the other end of the telescopic adjustment internal threaded tube 13. A tie bolt 11 passes through the middle of the hinged swing arm 10, pressing and fixing the middle of the hinged swing arm 10 to the arc-shaped adjustment hole 7. The fixed mounting base 16 enables the positioning and fixed installation of the lower end of the telescopic support leg; the cooperation between the ball joint seat 15 and the hinged ball head 14 can meet different angle requirements at the installation position.

[0062] Furthermore, such as Figure 9-12As shown, the vector magnetic field observation device includes an angle adjustment mechanism, a Helmholtz coil, a suspension adjustment mechanism, a spherical coil unit, a magnetic probe bracket, an optically pumped magnetic sensor 91, and a switching control circuit. The angle adjustment mechanism is mounted on a protective platform, and the Helmholtz coil is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism, which adjusts the rotation angle and level of the Helmholtz coil. The spherical coil unit is mounted on the Helmholtz coil via the suspension adjustment mechanism, and the spherical coil unit is located in the middle of the Helmholtz coil. The suspension adjustment mechanism adjusts the level of the spherical coil unit. The magnetic probe bracket is mounted on the angle adjustment mechanism, and the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket extends into the middle of the spherical coil unit. The optically pumped magnetic sensor 91 is mounted on the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket, and the main controller is electrically connected to the optically pumped magnetic sensor 91. The switching control circuit is located in the control cabinet 113 and is electrically connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the switching control circuit to realize the series connection of the Helmholtz coil and the spherical coil unit. The angle adjustment mechanism allows for adjustment of the horizontal level and rotational orientation angle, thus meeting the needs of on-site installation and commissioning; the suspension adjustment mechanism allows for the top suspension of the spherical coil unit and adjustment of the central axis; and the switching control circuit allows for the series control of the Helmholtz coil and the spherical coil unit, thus meeting the needs of on-site commissioning.

[0063] Furthermore, the protective platform includes a placement platform 66 and a protective cover 67; the angle adjustment mechanism is placed on the placement platform 66, the protective cover 67 is placed on the placement platform 66, and the vector magnetic force observation device is located inside the protective cover 67; the protective cover 67 can be used to achieve the safety protection of the vector magnetic force observation device.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 and 12As shown, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a base plate 102, a support tray 96, a rotating disk 97, a rotating positioning bolt 99, and three bottom support units. Each bottom support unit includes a sliding limit seat 104, a support adjusting screw 105, an adjusting clamping bolt 108, a sliding support plate 110, and a support threaded seat 103. The base plate 102 is fixed to the protective platform. The support threaded seats 103 of the three bottom support units are fixed at three support points on the base plate 102. The lower end of the support adjusting screw 105 is threadedly screwed onto the corresponding support threaded seat 103. An adjusting turntable 106 is fixedly installed in the middle of the support adjusting screw 105, and a support ball head 112 is installed at the upper end of the support adjusting screw 105. A sliding support seat 107, spherically hinged to the support ball head 112, is installed on the lower side of the sliding support plate 110. The three bottom support units... The sliding limit seat 104 of the support unit is fixed at three support points on the lower side of the support tray 96. A flat cavity 109 is provided inside the sliding limit seat 104. A movable window 111 communicating with the flat cavity 109 is provided on the lower side of the sliding limit seat 104. The sliding support seat 107 passes through the movable window 111. The sliding support plate 110 is supported in the flat cavity 109. The adjusting clamping bolt 108 is threadedly installed on the sliding limit seat 104, and the end of the adjusting clamping bolt 108 presses against the sliding support plate 110. A limiting circular groove is provided on the upper side of the support tray 96. The rotating disk 97 is rotatably installed in the limiting circular groove. The rotating positioning bolt 99 is threadedly installed on the side of the support tray 96, and the end of the rotating positioning bolt 99 presses against the rotating disk 97. The Helmholtz coil is installed on the rotating disk 97. The three bottom support units enable the leveling of the support tray 96, which is then tightened and fixed by adjusting the clamping bolt 108. The rotating installation of the rotating disc 97 enables the orientation angle adjustment, which is then tightened and fixed by rotating the positioning bolt 99. The ball joint between the support ball head 112 and the sliding support seat 107 allows for slight angle changes during leveling.

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 and 10As shown, the suspension adjustment mechanism includes a suspension beam 71, a suspension rod 72, a suspension shaft 74, a suspension seat 73, four cantilever screws 75, four adjusting counterweights 76, a counterweight pendulum 80, two arc-shaped suspension rods 77, an upper pressure plate 82, clamping bolts 85, and a lower pressure plate 83. The suspension beam 71 is longitudinally fixed to the top of the Helmholtz coil. The upper end of the suspension rod 72 is oscillatingly mounted in the middle of the suspension beam 71, and the suspension seat 73 is fixed to the lower end of the suspension rod 72. The middle part of the suspension shaft 74 is laterally rotatably mounted on the suspension seat 73. Two cantilever screws 75 are horizontally fixed to the left and right ends of the suspension shaft 74, respectively. Two other cantilever screws 75 are longitudinally fixed to the front left side and the rear right side of the suspension shaft 74, respectively. Each adjusting counterweight 76 is screwed onto one of the four cantilever screws 75; the upper ends of the two arc-shaped suspension rods 77 are fixed to the lower sides of the left and right ends of the suspension shaft 74, and the lower ends of the two arc-shaped suspension rods 77 are fixed to the upper side of the upper pressure plate 82; a suspension connecting rod 78 is connected between the upper ends of the two arc-shaped suspension rods 77, and the top center of the counterweight pendulum 80 is connected to the middle of the suspension connecting rod 78 by a suspension rope 79; the top and bottom of the spherical coil unit are provided with circular windows 87, and the lower pressure plate 83 is located inside the circular window 87 at the top. The lower pressure plate 83 is installed below the upper pressure plate 82 by clamping bolts 85; the upper side of the lower pressure plate 83 is provided with an arc-shaped support surface 84 that matches the inner spherical surface of the circular window 87. By using four cantilever screws 75 and four adjusting counterweights 76, the cantilever pressure in four directions can be adjusted to ensure that the central axis of the spherical coil unit is vertical. The counterweight pendulum 80 can achieve swing damping and enhance the stability of the spherical coil unit suspension. By suspending the spherical coil unit from the top, compared with the existing design of adjusting the axis by bottom suspension counterweight, the spherical coil unit can be guaranteed not to deform during long-term use.

[0066] Furthermore, the Helmholtz coil includes two longitudinal fixed support rods 101 and two annular coil units 70; the two longitudinal fixed support rods 101 are longitudinally fixed between the two annular coil units 70; two coil support columns 100 are vertically arranged on the longitudinal fixed support rods 101, and the lower end of the coil support columns 100 is fixed on the rotating disk 97.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 and 11As shown, the magnetic probe bracket includes a vertical support tube 86, a rotary locking nut 95, an annular support seat 94, a U-shaped bracket 88, a sensor sleeve 90, and a sensor locking bolt 92. The annular support seat 94 is fixed at the center of the upper side of the rotating disk 97. The lower end of the vertical support tube 86 passes through the annular support seat 94 and is rotatably mounted on the rotating disk 97. A locking external thread is provided on the lower end of the vertical support tube 86. The rotary locking nut 95 is screwed onto the locking external thread and presses against the annular support seat 94. A handle tube 93 is connected to the lower side of the vertical support tube 86. The U-shaped bracket 88 is fixed to the upper end of the vertical support tube 86. Two short support shafts 89 are vertically arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the sensor sleeve 90. The two short support shafts 89 are respectively rotatably mounted on the two side supports of the U-shaped bracket 88. The ends of the two short support shafts 89 are provided with angle locking external threads. An angle locking nut is screwed into the angle locking external threads and pressed against the side supports of the U-shaped bracket 88. The optical pump magnetic sensor 91 is inserted into the sensor sleeve 90. The sensor locking bolt 92 is screwed into the tube wall of the sensor sleeve 90 and the end of the sensor locking bolt 92 presses against the optical pump magnetic sensor 91. The detection end of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91 is located at the center of the spherical coil unit. By utilizing the combination of the rotating locking nut 95 and the annular support base 94, the vertical support tube 86 can be rotated, adjusted, and fixed in position, thereby adjusting the orientation angle of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91. The combination of the vertical support tube 86 and the handle tube 93 allows for the threading of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91 cable and facilitates the rotational adjustment of the vertical support tube 86. The combination of the U-shaped bracket 88, the rotating locking nut 95, the sensor locking bolt 92, and the sensor sleeve 90 enables the adjustment and locking of the pitch angle of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91.

[0068] Furthermore, the spherical coil unit includes an upper hemispherical coil 68 and a lower hemispherical coil 69, which are spliced ​​together to form a spherical coil, and the upper hemispherical coil 68 and the lower hemispherical coil 69 are connected in series; the vertical support tube 86 extends into the spherical coil unit from the circular window 87 at the bottom of the lower hemispherical coil 69.

[0069] Furthermore, a first level 81 is provided on the upper side of the upper pressure plate 82 to ensure that the central axis of the spherical coil is vertical during suspension adjustment; a second level 98 is provided on the upper side of the rotating disk 97 to ensure that the rotating disk 97 is horizontal during level adjustment.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 15As shown, the switching control circuit includes a current source, a single-pole relay K1, a double-pole relay K2, and a double-pole relay K3. The double-pole relays K2 and K3 are interlocked. The Helmholtz coil and the spherical coil use the same current source, with input terminals D1 and D2. Terminal D1 of the current source is electrically connected to terminal S1 of the spherical coil. Terminal S2 of the spherical coil is electrically connected to the moving contact of single-pole relay K1, the first fixed contact of double-pole relay K2, and the first fixed contact of double-pole relay K3, respectively. The fixed contact of single-pole relay K1 is connected to terminal D2 of the current source, the second fixed contact of double-pole relay K2, and the first fixed contact of double-pole relay K3, respectively. The two fixed contacts are electrically connected; the first moving contact of the double-pole relay K2 is electrically connected to terminal B1 of the Helmholtz coil and the second moving contact of the double-pole relay K3, respectively; the second moving contact of the double-pole relay K2 is electrically connected to terminal B2 of the Helmholtz coil and the first moving contact of the double-pole relay K3, respectively; the first and second moving contacts of the double-pole relay K2 correspond to the first and second fixed contacts, respectively; the first and second moving contacts of the double-pole relay K3 correspond to the first and second fixed contacts, respectively; the main controller is used to control the on / off state of the coils of the single-pole relay K1, double-pole relay K2, and double-pole relay K3, respectively. The single-pole relay K1, double-pole relay K2, and double-pole relay K3 can all be replaced with faster, longer-lasting electronic switches to achieve the corresponding single-pole or double-pole control.

[0071] Furthermore, the monitoring method of the monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors disclosed in this invention includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Select various monitoring points in the mine according to the monitoring needs, and select the installation surface of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device at each monitoring point according to the installation environment. Then, install the three fixed mounting plates 16 of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device on the selected mounting surface using the mounting bracket. The distance between the upper side of the upper shell 18 and the top surface of the monitoring point is greater than 50cm, and the distance between the lower side of the lower shell 1 and the ground of the monitoring point is greater than 50cm. Then, adjust the telescopic adjustment screw 12 to adjust the telescopic length, thereby completing the level adjustment of the explosion-proof shell, so that the upper side of the upper shell 18 and the lower side of the lower shell 1 are both in a horizontal state.

[0073] Step 2: Install the vector magnetic field observation device on the protective platform outside the mine, then electrically connect the vector magnetic field observation device to the main controller of control cabinet 113, and then perform initialization adjustment on the vector magnetic field observation device;

[0074] Step 3: Rotate and adjust the explosion-proof housing. Using the center of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing as the origin, rotate the magnetic field sensors on the four edges of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing to the south, north, east, and west directions. Then lock the rotation of the explosion-proof housing. The installation on the horizontal plane is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, the installation on the vertical plane is as follows Figure 5 As shown;

[0075] Step 4: Tilt the four magnetic field sensors on the upper housing 18 to the upper side of the upper housing 18 so that the angle between the central axis of the winding tube 54 and the upper side of the upper housing 18 is between 45° and 75°. Lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side using the corresponding angle locking mechanism. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 on the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side so that the angle range of the shielding area formed by the inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 around the circumference of the coil assembly is between 210° and 240°. The inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 are shielded on the side of the upper housing 18 closest to the upper side. This allows the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side to detect the magnetic field of the upper space, and the detection areas of each magnetic field sensor overlap within a small range. This adjustment can be completed based on the experience of the installer. It is not necessary to measure the angle precisely or to ensure that the detection ranges do not overlap completely.

[0076] Step 5: Tilt the four magnetic field sensors on the lower housing 1 to the lower side of the lower housing 1 so that the angle between the central axis of the winding tube 54 and the lower side of the lower housing 1 is between 45° and 75°. Lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side using the corresponding angle locking mechanism. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 on the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side so that the angle range of the shielding area formed by the inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 around the circumference of the coil assembly is between 210° and 240°. The inner arc-shaped shielding blades 47 and outer arc-shaped shielding blades 48 are shielded on the side of the lower housing 1 closest to the lower side. This allows the four magnetic field sensors at the lower part to detect the magnetic field of the lower space, and the detection areas of each magnetic field sensor overlap within a small range. This adjustment can be completed based on the experience of the installer. It is not necessary to measure the angle precisely or to ensure that the detection ranges do not overlap completely.

[0077] Step 6: Connect the communication modules of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device to the main communication module of the control cabinet 113 using explosion-proof cables. The main controller of the control cabinet 113 communicates with the remote control center through a router.

[0078] Step 7: Each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device is surrounded and shielded by an electromagnetic shielding cover to isolate the interference of the ambient magnetic field on the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device. Then, the main controller of the control cabinet 113 sends a calibration command to the slave communication module of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device through the main communication module. After receiving the calibration command from the controller, a standard calibration signal is generated through the signal generation circuit and input to the signal processing circuit through the calibration signal input terminal. Then, the standard calibration signal is output to the feedback coil circuit through the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit to generate a calibration electromagnetic field. Then, the electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit is amplified by the signal processing circuit. Then, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified electromagnetic signal and uses the acquired electromagnetic signal as the calibration electromagnetic signal. Then, each electromagnetic shielding cover is removed and the signal generation of the signal generation circuit is stopped.

[0079] Step 8: The main controller of control cabinet 113 acquires the acquisition instructions from the remote control center in real time. After the main controller acquires the acquisition instructions, it forwards the acquisition instructions to each slave communication module through the main communication module. After each slave controller receives the acquisition instructions, the signal processing circuit amplifies the actual electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit, and the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified actual electromagnetic signal. Then, the slave controller normalizes the acquired actual electromagnetic signal according to the calibration electromagnetic signal to obtain the actual output signal. The actual output signal is then sent to the main controller through the communication between the slave communication module and the main communication module. The main controller also performs magnetic field detection control on the vector magnetic force observation device to obtain the external magnetic field data. The main controller temporarily stores the actual output signal and the external magnetic field data in the main memory.

[0080] Step 9: The main controller forwards the actual output signal in the main memory and the external magnetic field data to the remote control center through the router, so that the monitoring personnel can analyze the collected data.

[0081] During the operation of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the explosion-proof housing exceeds the set threshold, the controller drives the drive motor 36 to rotate through the heat dissipation drive circuit. Each heat dissipation scraper 39 dissipates heat from each heat dissipation sheet 38 and removes dust, thereby rapidly cooling the inside of the electrical control box 35 and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the electrical equipment inside the electrical control box 35.

[0082] The initialization and adjustment steps of the vector magnetic observation device in the monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors disclosed in this invention are as follows:

[0083] Step 2.1: Set the base plate 102 of the mechanism on the placement platform 66, align the line connecting the two support threaded seats 103 with the magnetic north-south or magnetic east-west direction, align the center of the rotating disk 97 and the lower center of the vertical support tube 86 with the center of the placement platform 66, and adjust the orientation of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91 so that the horizontal component, vertical component, total field, and R are measured. + and R - Avoid the measurement dead zone of the optical pump magnetic sensor 91, and then firmly attach the base plate 102 of the mechanism to the placement platform 66;

[0084] Step 2.2: Adjust the bubble of the second level 98 to the middle position by rotating the three adjustment dials 106;

[0085] Step 2.3: Given a compensation current as the current source, use the compass for orientation, adjust the rotating disk 97 to adjust the four cantilever screws 75 to the four directions of east, west, south and north, and then adjust the four adjusting counterweights 76 so that the bubble of the first level 81 is adjusted to the middle position.

[0086] Step 2.4: Measure the current orientation angle using the optical pump magnetic sensor 91 as the first horizontal component value. Then rotate the rotating disk 97 180 degrees and measure the current orientation angle again using the optical pump magnetic sensor 91 as the second horizontal component value. The difference between the first and second horizontal component values ​​is the horizontal component steering difference. Adjust the two adjusting counterweights 76 in the north-south direction to make the horizontal component steering difference less than 5nT. Then rotate the rotating disk 97 90 degrees, measure the horizontal component steering difference in the current direction, and adjust the two adjusting counterweights 76 in the north-south direction to make the horizontal component steering difference less than 5nT.

[0087] Step 2.5: Rotate the rotating disk 97 to any angle and determine if the current horizontal component steering difference is less than 5nT. If it is less than 5nT, proceed to step 2.6; if it is greater than or equal to 5nT, return to step 2.4.

[0088] Step 2.6: Using a compass for orientation, set the axis of the Helmholtz coil in the magnetic east-west direction, finely adjust the orientation angle by rotating the disk 97, and ensure the measured composite magnetic field R is aligned. + and R - When the values ​​are equal, the axis of the Helmholtz coil is the magnetic east-west direction. Measure the horizontal component H1 and the horizontal component turning difference ΔH1 in the current direction. The value of the horizontal component is H = H1 - ΔH1 / 2. Then, calculate the vertical component based on the measured total magnetic field F.

[0089] Step 2.7: Select a compensation current for the horizontal component as the current source, rotate the rotating disk 97 to any direction, and determine whether the current horizontal component rotation difference is less than 5nT. If it is less, the initialization adjustment of the vector magnetic force observation device is completed; otherwise, repeat steps 2.3 to 2.6.

[0090] The vector magnetic field observation device disclosed in this invention includes the following steps for magnetic field detection and control:

[0091] Step a, measure the initial direction N of magnetic declination. m The main controller controls the single-pole relay K1, double-pole relay K2, and double-pole relay K3 to all disconnect. The upper pressure plate 82 is adjusted to a horizontal state by four adjusting counterweights 76. At this time, the axis of the spherical coil is vertical. The rotating disk 97 is then rotated so that the Helmholtz coil axis points in the magnetic east-west direction. The optically pumped magnetic sensor 91 measures the initial total magnetic field F0. The initial total magnetic field F0 can be decomposed into an initial horizontal component H0 on the horizontal plane and an initial vertical component Z0 perpendicular to the horizontal plane. At this time, the direction of the initial horizontal component H0 is the initial direction N of the magnetic declination. m ;

[0092] Step b, measuring the horizontal component H and vertical component Z of the magnetic field: The main controller controls the single-pole relay K1 to close, and both double-pole relays K2 and K3 to open. The compensation current I for the horizontal component is obtained using the classic Nelson method. h , will I h The current is set as a current source and remains constant or constant within each measurement cycle. The current is tracked in real time after each measurement cycle. The total magnetic field F is measured by the optically pumped magnetic sensor 91. The total magnetic field F can be decomposed into a horizontal component H on the horizontal plane and a vertical component Z perpendicular to the horizontal plane. At this time, the horizontal component H is related to the initial direction N of the magnetic declination. m The included angle is θ;

[0093] Step c, measure the biased composite magnetic field R + The main controller controls the double-pole relay K2 to close, while the single-pole relays K1 and K3 are both open, resulting in the spherical coil and the Helmholtz coil being connected in series. The coil constant of the spherical coil is K. s The coil constant of a Helmholtz coil is K. h A current I is passed through both the spherical coil and the Helmholtz coil simultaneously. h At this time, a compensating magnetic field C1 is generated, and I... h K s =Z1=Z, and the direction is opposite to that of the vertical component Z; then the resultant magnetic field R of the compensating magnetic field C1 and the total magnetic field F is... +On the horizontal plane, the projection of the compensating magnetic field C1 onto the horizontal component H is C. 1h =I h K h Then we have: Further obtained ;

[0094] Step d: Measure the biased composite magnetic field R - The main controller controls the double-pole relay K3 to close, while the single-pole relay K1 and the double-pole relay K2 are both open, causing the spherical coil and the Helmholtz coil to be connected in reverse series. Current I flows simultaneously through both the spherical coil and the Helmholtz coil. h At this time, a compensating magnetic field C2 is generated, and I h K s =Z2=Z, and is opposite in direction to the vertical component Z; then the resultant magnetic field R of the compensating magnetic field C2 and the total magnetic field F is... - On the horizontal plane, the projection of the compensating magnetic field C2 onto the horizontal component H is C. 2h =I h K h Then we have: Furthermore, we obtain: ;

[0095] Step e, calculate Then measure the initial direction N of the magnetic declination. m If the angle between the magnetic field and geographic north is D0, then the magnetic declination D = D0 + θ; Since the coil constant K of the spherical coil... s The coil constant K of a Helmholtz coil h It roughly conforms to K s / K h The relationship = Z / H allows for applications in regions with different latitudes;

[0096] Step f, set the initial direction N of the magnetic declination. m Horizontal component of magnetic field H, vertical component of magnetic field Z, and bias resultant magnetic field R + and the biased composite magnetic field R - As external magnetic field data.

[0097] As described above, although the invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors, characterized in that: The system includes a control cabinet (113), a vector magnetic field observation device, and multiple electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices. The electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices include an explosion-proof housing, a mounting bracket, and multiple magnetic field sensors. The explosion-proof housing houses a controller, a memory, a signal generation circuit, a high-speed data acquisition module, and a communication module. The vector magnetic field observation device is installed on a protective platform outside the mine to monitor the geomagnetic field outside the mine. Each magnetic field sensor is angle-adjustable and installed on the upper and lower edges of the explosion-proof housing for multi-angle magnetic field monitoring. The mounting bracket is located at the center of the lower side of the explosion-proof housing to fix the housing inside the mine. On the mounting surface; the controller is electrically connected to the slave memory, signal generation circuit, slave communication module and high-speed data acquisition module respectively. The high-speed data acquisition module and signal generation circuit are electrically connected to each magnetic field sensor. The high-speed data acquisition module acquires data from each magnetic field sensor, and the signal generation circuit sends standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor. The control cabinet (113) is located outside the mine and is equipped with a main controller, main memory, router and main communication module. The main controller is electrically connected to the vector magnetic force observation device, main memory, router and main communication module respectively. The main communication module and slave communication module are electrically connected through explosion-proof cables. The explosion-proof housing includes an upper housing (18) and a lower housing (1), which are detachably assembled. A hinge mounting groove (3) is provided at the middle of the four edges of the upper side of the upper housing (18) and at the middle of the four edges of the lower side of the lower housing (1). A sensor mounting base (19) is mounted on the hinge mounting groove (3) in a pitch swing hinge manner. The end of the hinge shaft (21) on one side of the sensor mounting base (19) is locked at the swing angle by an angle locking mechanism. The magnetic field sensor is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting base (19). The magnetic field sensor includes a coil assembly, a magnetic core, an internal circuit board (65), an explosion-proof housing, an inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47), and an outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48); the magnetic core is fixed inside the coil assembly; a coil fixing cavity (53) and a circuit fixing cavity (64) are provided inside the explosion-proof housing; the coil assembly is detachably installed in the coil fixing cavity (53); the internal circuit board (65) is detachably installed in the circuit fixing cavity (64), and a signal processing circuit electrically connected to the coil assembly is provided on the internal circuit board (65). The signal processing circuits are respectively Electrically connected to the high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generation circuit; the end of the explosion-proof housing is fixed to the sensor mounting base (19) by the mounting connecting post (50); two blade support rings (45) are rotatably installed on the mounting connecting post (50); the ends of the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) are respectively connected and fixed to the two blade support rings (45) by the connecting support strip (46), and the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) are located in a partially enclosed manner on the periphery of the explosion-proof housing; The coil assembly includes a winding tube (54), three central induction coils (62), two end induction coils (60), six feedback coils (61), and two ground coils (57); the magnetic core is coaxially fixed inside the winding tube (54); six first annular grooves (58), three second annular grooves (59), and two third annular grooves (63) are provided on the outer wall of the middle part of the winding tube (54), and the three second annular grooves (59) and the two third annular grooves (63) are respectively located in the six first annular grooves. Within the five intervals between the slots (58), three second ring slots (59) are located between two third ring slots (63), and the distance between adjacent first ring slots (58) and second ring slots (59) is equal to the distance between adjacent first ring slots (58) and third ring slots (63); a fourth ring slot (55) is provided on the outer wall of both ends of the winding tube (54); two ground coils (57) are located in the two fourth ring slots (55) respectively, and are electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit; Three central induction coils (62) are located in three second annular slots (59), two end induction coils (60) are located in two third annular slots (63), and six feedback coils (61) are located in six first annular slots (58). The six feedback coils (61) are connected in sequence to form a feedback coil circuit, and one end of the feedback coil circuit is electrically connected to the ground coil (57), and the other end is electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit. The three central induction coils (62) and the two end induction coils (60) are connected in sequence according to their positions to form a detection coil circuit, and one end of the detection coil circuit is connected to the ground coil (57). One end of the coil is electrically connected to the electromagnetic signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit, and the other end is electrically connected to the electromagnetic signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit. The other end of the ground coil (57) is electrically connected to the ground input terminal of the signal processing circuit. The signal processing circuit is used to amplify the electromagnetic signal at the electromagnetic signal input terminal and to feed back the amplified electromagnetic signal to the feedback signal input terminal. The signal processing circuit is provided with an electromagnetic signal output terminal for outputting the amplified electromagnetic signal, and the electromagnetic signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal acquisition terminal of the high-speed data acquisition module. The signal processing circuit is also provided with a calibration signal input terminal electrically connected to the feedback signal input terminal, and the calibration signal input terminal is electrically connected to the signal generation circuit.

2. The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ventilation window (31) is vertically arranged through the middle of the upper housing (18), and a heat dissipation channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the lower housing (1) opposite to the ventilation window (31); a middle platform (33) is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the heat dissipation channel through a radial support pipe (34), and a mounting bracket is arranged on the lower side of the middle platform (33). An electrical control box (35) is arranged on the upper side of the middle platform (33); a slave control circuit board (40) and a drive circuit are arranged inside the electrical control box (35). The controller (36), the slave memory, and the slave communication module are all mounted on the slave control circuit board (40). A temperature sensor and a heat dissipation drive circuit electrically connected to the slave controller are mounted on the slave control circuit board (40). A drive shaft is rotatably mounted through the top center of the electrical control box (35). Multiple cantilever rods (37) are horizontally fixed at the upper end of the drive shaft. A heat dissipation suspension rod is vertically mounted below the cantilever end of each cantilever rod (37). A heat dissipation scraper (39) is inclinedly mounted on the lower end of the heat dissipation suspension rod, and each heat dissipation scraper (39) is at a different height. The heat dissipation drive circuit is electrically connected to the drive motor (36), and the drive motor (36) is used to drive the drive shaft to rotate. Multiple heat dissipation blocks are fixedly mounted on the circumferential side wall of the electrical control box (35), and the heat dissipation fins (38) of each heat dissipation block extend horizontally outside the electrical control box (35), forming annular heat dissipation zones of different heights outside the electrical control box (35). Each heat dissipation scraper (39) is respectively located at... The device moves horizontally within the annular heat dissipation zone at different heights; an annular heat-conducting flat tube (42) is provided inside the electrical control box (35), and the annular heat-conducting flat tube (42) is attached to the heat dissipation block; a chip heat dissipation strip (41) extending to the control circuit board (40) and a motor heat dissipation strip (43) extending to the drive motor (36) are fixedly connected on the annular heat-conducting flat tube (42), and an arc-shaped heat-conducting plate (44) attached to the side wall of the drive motor (36) is provided at the end of the motor heat dissipation strip (43).

3. The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket includes a bottom support plate (5), two hinged mounting seats (6), three telescopic support legs, a hinged spindle (17), and a rotary positioning bolt (9). The bottom support plate (5) is rotatably mounted at the bottom center of the explosion-proof housing via the bottom support spindle (8). The two hinged mounting seats (6) are located on the lower side of the bottom support plate (5), and the hinged spindle (17) is mounted on the two hinged mounting seats (6). Each of the two hinged mounting seats (6) has an arc-shaped adjustment hole (7) around the hinged spindle (17). The ends of the two telescopic support legs are respectively pivotally hinged to both ends of the hinged spindle (17) and locked to the arc-shaped adjustment hole (7) by tie bolts (11). The end of the other telescopic support leg is pivotally hinged to the middle of the hinged spindle (17). The rotary positioning bolt (9) is threaded through and mounted on the bottom support plate (5), and the screw end of the rotary positioning bolt (9) is pressed against the bottom of the explosion-proof housing.

4. The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vector magnetic field observation device includes an angle adjustment mechanism, a Helmholtz coil, a suspension adjustment mechanism, a spherical coil unit, a magnetic probe bracket, an optically pumped magnetic sensor (91), and a switching control circuit. The angle adjustment mechanism is set on a protective platform, and the Helmholtz coil is installed on the angle adjustment mechanism. The angle adjustment mechanism adjusts the rotation angle and level of the Helmholtz coil. The spherical coil unit is installed on the Helmholtz coil through the suspension adjustment mechanism, and the spherical coil unit is located in the middle of the Helmholtz coil. The suspension level of the spherical coil unit is adjusted by the suspension adjustment mechanism. The magnetic probe bracket is set on the angle adjustment mechanism, and the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket extends into the middle of the spherical coil unit. The optically pumped magnetic sensor (91) is installed on the upper end of the magnetic probe bracket, and the main controller is electrically connected to the optically pumped magnetic sensor (91). The switching control circuit is set in the control cabinet (113) and electrically connected to the main controller. The main controller controls the switching control circuit to realize the series connection of the Helmholtz coil and the spherical coil unit.

5. The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle adjustment mechanism includes a base plate (102), a support tray (96), a rotating disc (97), a rotating positioning bolt (99), and three bottom support units; the bottom support unit includes a sliding limit seat (104), a support adjusting screw (105), an adjusting clamping bolt (108), a sliding support plate (110), and a support thread seat (103); the base plate (102) is fixed on the protective platform, and the support thread seats (103) of the three bottom support units are fixed at three support points on the base plate (102), and the lower end of the support adjusting screw (105) is threadedly screwed onto the corresponding support thread seat (103); an adjusting turntable (106) is fixedly provided in the middle of the support adjusting screw (105), a support ball head (112) is provided at the upper end of the support adjusting screw (105), and a sliding support seat (107) is provided on the lower side of the sliding support plate (110) and is spherically hinged to the support ball head (112); the three bottom support units The sliding limit seat (104) of the element is fixed at three support points on the lower side of the support tray (96). A flat cavity (109) is provided inside the sliding limit seat (104). A movable window (111) communicating with the flat cavity (109) is provided on the lower side of the sliding limit seat (104). The sliding support seat (107) passes through the movable window (111), and the sliding support plate (110) is supported in the flat cavity (109). The adjusting clamping bolt (108) is threaded. The rotating disc (97) is mounted on the sliding limit seat (104), and the end of the adjusting clamping bolt (108) is pressed against the sliding support plate (110); the upper side of the support tray (96) is provided with a limit groove, the rotating disc (97) is rotatably mounted in the limit groove, the rotating positioning bolt (99) is threadedly mounted on the side of the support tray (96), and the end of the rotating positioning bolt (99) is pressed against the rotating disc (97); the Helmholtz coil is mounted on the rotating disc (97).

6. The monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The suspension adjustment mechanism includes a suspension beam (71), a suspension rod (72), a suspension shaft (74), a suspension seat (73), four cantilever screws (75), four adjusting counterweights (76), a counterweight pendulum (80), two arc-shaped suspension rods (77), an upper pressure plate (82), clamping bolts (85), and a lower pressure plate (83); the suspension beam (71) is longitudinally fixed to the top of the Helmholtz coil, the upper end of the suspension rod (72) is oscillating left and right in the middle of the suspension beam (71), and the suspension seat (73) is fixed to the lower end of the suspension rod (72); the middle part of the suspension shaft (74) is transversely rotatably mounted on the suspension seat (73), two cantilever screws (75) are horizontally fixed to the left and right ends of the suspension shaft (74), and two other cantilever screws (75) are longitudinally fixed to the left front side and right rear side of the suspension shaft (74); Each adjusting counterweight (76) is screwed onto four cantilever screws (75); the upper ends of two arc-shaped rods (77) are fixed to the lower sides of the left and right ends of the suspension shaft (74), and the lower ends of the two arc-shaped rods (77) are fixed to the upper side of the upper pressure plate (82); a suspension connecting rod (78) is connected between the upper ends of the two arc-shaped rods (77), and the top center of the counterweight pendulum (80) is connected to the middle of the suspension connecting rod (78) by a suspension rope (79); the top and bottom of the spherical coil unit are provided with circular windows (87), the lower pressure plate (83) is located in the circular window (87) at the top, and the lower pressure plate (83) is installed below the upper pressure plate (82) by clamping bolts (85); the upper side of the lower pressure plate (83) is provided with an arc-shaped support surface (84) that matches the inner spherical surface of the circular window (87).

7. A monitoring method for a monitoring system for monitoring coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select each monitoring point in the mine according to the monitoring needs, and select the installation surface of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device at each monitoring point according to the installation environment. Then, install the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device on the selected installation surface through the mounting bracket. The distance between the upper side of the upper shell (18) and the top surface of the monitoring point is greater than the distance threshold, and the distance between the lower side of the lower shell (1) and the ground of the monitoring point is greater than the distance threshold. Then, adjust the level of the explosion-proof shell through the mounting bracket so that the upper side of the upper shell (18) and the lower side of the lower shell (1) are both in a horizontal state. Step 2: Install the vector magnetic force observation device on the protective platform outside the mine, then connect the vector magnetic force observation device to the main controller of the control cabinet (113), and then perform initialization adjustment on the vector magnetic force observation device; Step 3: Rotate and adjust the explosion-proof housing. Using the center of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing as the origin of the coordinate system, rotate the magnetic field sensors on the four edges of the upper side of the explosion-proof housing to the four directions of due south, due north, due east, and due west, and then lock the rotation of the explosion-proof housing. Step 4: Adjust the tilt of the four magnetic field sensors on the upper housing (18), and use the corresponding angle locking mechanism to lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) on the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side to shield the circumference of the coil assembly on the upper side within the shielding angle range. Step 5: Tilt the four magnetic field sensors on the lower housing (1) and lock the tilt angle of the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side using the corresponding angle locking mechanism. Then adjust the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) on the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side to shield the circumference of the coil assembly on the lower side within the shielding angle range. Step 6: Connect the communication module of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device to the main communication module of the control cabinet (113) using explosion-proof cables. The main controller communicates with the remote control center through a router. Step 7: Each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device is surrounded and shielded by an electromagnetic shielding cover to isolate the interference of the ambient magnetic field on the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device. Then, the main controller sends a calibration command to the slave communication module of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device through the main communication module. After receiving the calibration command, the slave communication module generates a standard calibration signal through the signal generation circuit and inputs it to the signal processing circuit through the calibration signal input terminal. Then, the standard calibration signal is output to the feedback coil circuit through the feedback signal input terminal of the signal processing circuit to generate a calibration electromagnetic field. Then, the signal processing circuit amplifies the electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit. Then, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified electromagnetic signal and uses the acquired electromagnetic signal as the calibration electromagnetic signal. Then, each electromagnetic shielding cover is removed and the signal generation of the signal generation circuit is stopped. Step 8: The main controller acquires the acquisition instructions from the remote control center in real time. After acquiring the acquisition instructions, the main controller forwards the acquisition instructions to each slave communication module through the main communication module. After receiving the acquisition instructions, each slave controller amplifies the actual electromagnetic signal sensed by the detection coil circuit through the signal processing circuit. Then, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified actual electromagnetic signal. The slave controller then normalizes the acquired actual electromagnetic signal according to the calibration electromagnetic signal to obtain the actual output signal. The actual output signal is then sent to the main controller through the communication between the slave communication module and the main communication module. The main controller also performs magnetic field detection control on the vector magnetic force observation device to obtain the external magnetic field data. The main controller temporarily stores the actual output signal and the external magnetic field data in the main memory. Step 9: The main controller forwards the actual output signal in the main memory and the external magnetic field data to the remote control center through the router.

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