Speed reducer and production process thereof

Abstract

According to the speed reducer and the production process thereof, during rough machining of the tooth profile of a semi-finished cycloidal gear, at least three slotting tools are vertically arranged on a tool apron, and the cutting profiles of the multiple slotting tools are increased in a gradient mode from top to bottom and the cross section area of a gap between the tooth groove wall of a cycloidal gear of the finished cycloidal gear; when the tool apron is driven to reciprocate up and down for gear shaping, only one slotting tool is in a working state, and every time at least one reciprocating stroke is completed, the tool apron is driven to move downwards, and the next slotting tool located above enters the working state; and after rough machining of the first tooth groove is completed and the cycloidal gear semi-finished product rotates by a set indexing angle, a detection assembly arranged in the radial direction of the cycloidal gear semi-finished product is arranged and embedded into the tooth groove machined firstly, and the positioning accuracy of the current tooth groove to be machined is detected. When tooth grooves are machined, cutter feeding is not needed, the requirement for equipment is low, the detection mechanism can conduct detection in advance when each tooth groove is machined, the machining positioning precision of each tooth groove is ensured, and the rough machining quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of reducer production, and in particular to a reducer and a production process thereof. Background Art

[0002] A reducer is a power transmission device that is mainly used to reduce the speed of the prime mover (such as a motor or internal combustion engine) and increase the output torque while reducing the load inertia. According to the transmission type, it is generally divided into gear reducers, worm reducers, planetary gear reducers and cycloid reducers. Among them, the single-stage transmission ratio of the cycloid reducer can reach 1:87, the single-stage transmission efficiency exceeds 90%, and multiple teeth are engaged at the same time, the vibration and noise are extremely low, the overload capacity is strong, and the structure is compact. It is the first choice for heavy-load scenarios. As the main core component of the cycloid reducer, the processing quality of the cycloid wheel directly affects the service life of the reducer.

[0003] In the related art, a Chinese patent application with application number CN201010107654.6 proposes a production process for a cycloidal wheel, which is the main component of a cycloidal reducer, comprising the following steps: (1) cutting with a cutting machine or a band saw; (2) heating with a medium frequency furnace to a temperature of 900-950°C; (3) punching out a cycloidal wheel blank with a friction press or a forging press; (4) punching out an inner hole with a punch or an air hammer; (5) forging the cycloidal wheel into shape in a cycloidal wheel mold with a friction press or a forging press; (6) spheroidizing and tempering the formed cycloidal wheel with a medium frequency furnace or an automated belt furnace; (7) rough machining on a special machine tool: turning, drilling inner holes, pinning holes, and milling outer curves; (8) heat treatment; (9) fine machining and finished products: flat grinding; boring large and small holes; fine grinding. The invention utilizes a cycloidal wheel die to forge and form a cycloidal wheel, so that the outer curve meets the needs of subsequent processing, improves product quality, saves a large amount of raw material loss, reduces subsequent processing procedures, and saves processing costs.

[0004] Among them, in the rough machining process of the cycloidal wheel, the main thing is to machine the preliminary tooth shape of the tooth profile, so as to facilitate rapid finishing with a smaller feed allowance in the subsequent fine machining, thereby improving the machining efficiency. However, in the rough machining process, traditional gear shaping machines are generally used for processing to save production costs. Although the machining accuracy of the tooth grooves does not need to reach the micron level, the positioning accuracy requirements of the tooth grooves are still high. Once there is an error in the indexing angle between two adjacent tooth grooves, the machined cycloidal wheel will be stuck during operation. At present, traditional gear shaping machines mainly rely on the rotating motor of the indexing disk to control the rotation indexing. After working for a long time, the rotation indexing error gradually accumulates and needs to be stopped for inspection, which is not conducive to improving the production efficiency of mass production. Summary of the invention

[0005] To address the problem that it is difficult to accurately control the indexing angle error between adjacent tooth grooves during rough machining of a cycloid gear by a traditional gear shaper, this application provides a speed reducer and its production process.

[0006] The following technical solution is adopted for the production process of the speed reducer provided in the first aspect of this application: A production process of a speed reducer includes the following steps: S1. Blanking and heating the blank for temperature rise; S2. Stamping the heated blank into a cycloid gear blank; S3. Punching out the inner hole and then forging and forming the cycloid gear in a cycloid gear mold, and performing spheroidizing annealing to obtain a semi-finished product; S4. Rough machining the inner hole and tooth profile of the semi-finished product; S5. Heat treatment and finish machining; During rough machining of the tooth profile in step S4, at least three broaching tools are vertically arranged on the tool holder. The cross-sectional area of the gap between the cutting profiles of multiple broaching tools and the groove wall of the finished cycloid gear tooth groove increases in a gradient from top to bottom; and when driving the tool holder to reciprocate up and down for broaching, only one broaching tool is in the working state, and every time at least one reciprocating stroke is completed, the tool holder is driven to move downwards and the next broaching tool located above enters the working state; After the rough machining of the first tooth groove is completed, after the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates a set indexing angle, a detection component arranged radially along the cycloid gear semi-finished product is embedded in the previously machined tooth groove to detect the positioning accuracy of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the detection component includes: A detection rod, arranged radially along the to-be-machined cycloid gear semi-finished product, and the extension line thereof passes through the midline of the corresponding tooth groove arc; An arc-shaped plate, the inner arc top of which is fixedly connected to the detection rod, and it is adapted to the arc surface of the finished cycloid gear tooth groove wall; Two detection needles, arranged in a mirror image with respect to the detection rod. The detection needles are elastically installed on the arc-shaped plate and one end thereof penetrates through the arc-shaped plate and protrudes out of the outer arc side of the arc-shaped plate; After the detection component is installed at the set position, the displacement of a single detection needle is used to verify the finishing allowance reserved in the previously machined tooth groove, and the displacement difference between the two detection needles is used to verify the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove.

[0008] Furthermore, when verifying the finishing allowance reserved in the previously machined tooth groove, first install a standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate, install the detection component at the set position, record the displacements of the two detection needles, and define them as the standard depth displacements; When rough machining the semi-finished product, record the displacement of the detection needle, which is defined as the detection depth displacement. Subtract the detection depth displacement from the standard depth displacement to obtain the finishing allowance. Record the finishing allowance of each previously machined tooth groove to ensure that the finishing allowances of all tooth grooves are consistent after rough machining, so as to avoid damaging the finishing tool due to excessive difference in the finishing allowance.

[0009] Furthermore, when verifying the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove, first install the standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate, and install the detection component at the set position. Adjust the position of the detection rod so that the displacements of the two detection needles are the same; When rough machining the semi-finished product, compare the difference in the displacements of the two detection needles. If the difference is zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove compared to the previously machined tooth groove meets the requirements; if the difference is not zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove compared to the previously machined tooth groove does not meet the requirements, and continue to control the indexing plate to rotate slightly to correct the difference to zero.

[0010] Furthermore, a displacement sensor for detecting the axial displacement of the detection needle is provided on the detection rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a slide rail and a double-cylinder piston assembly are arranged on the rough machining machine table along the radial direction of the indexing plate. A base is slidably arranged on the slide rail, and the detection rod is installed on the base; The double-cylinder piston assembly includes a first cylinder body, a second cylinder body and a reset assembly that are connected. A first piston is slidably arranged in the first cylinder body, and a second piston is slidably arranged in the second cylinder body. The cross-sectional area of the second cylinder body is smaller than that of the first cylinder body. One end of the first piston away from the second piston is fixedly connected with a convex rod for elastically pressing against the peripheral wall of the to-be-machined cycloid gear semi-finished product on the indexing plate, and one end of the second piston away from the first piston is fixedly connected with a push rod connected to the base.

[0012] Furthermore, the reset assembly includes: A first return spring, arranged between the connection part of the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body and the first piston; A second return spring, arranged between one end of the second cylinder body away from the first cylinder body and the second piston. When the detection rod abuts against the tooth groove of the machined cycloid gear semi-finished product, the second return spring is in a compressed state.

[0013] Furthermore, a smooth curved surface is arranged on one side of the convex rod facing the rotation direction of the indexing plate.

[0014] Further, a guiding cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner arc side of the arc-shaped plate. The detection needle is inserted into the guiding cylinder, and a third return spring is sleeved outside the guiding cylinder. One end of the third return spring is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the detection needle close to the detection rod.

[0015] The following technical solution is adopted for a speed reducer provided in the second aspect of the present application: A speed reducer is processed by the above-mentioned production process of a speed reducer.

[0016] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present application are as follows: 1. By arranging multiple insert cutters on the tool holder, when machining tooth grooves with a large punching amount, it is not necessary to perform feed operations. Only multi-stage gear hobbing on the same tool position can complete the machining, with less requirement for the feed accuracy of existing traditional gear hobbing cutters, and there is no need to deeply transform the existing traditional gear hobbing cutters, which can effectively control the processing cost; 2. By inserting the arc-shaped plate into the previously machined tooth groove, two detection needles symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped plate with respect to the midline of the tooth groove are elastically abutted against the groove wall of the tooth groove, and then two displacement sensors are used to detect the displacement amounts of the two detection needles respectively. When the two displacement amounts are the same, it means that the position of the insert cutter on the tool holder aligned with the cycloid gear semi-finished product is not skewed; when the two displacement amounts are different, it means that the cycloid gear rotates excessively or lacks rotation. There is no need to stop the machine for maintenance, and the indexing plate can be directly fine-tuned to ensure that the tooth groove gear hobbing positioning accuracy meets the requirements; moreover, when machining each tooth groove, the detection mechanism can perform pre-detection to ensure the machining positioning accuracy of each tooth groove, thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the cycloid gear semi-finished product during rough machining; 3. By abutting the convex rod against the outer contour of the rotating cycloid gear semi-finished product, and with the arrangement of the first cylinder and the second cylinder with different cross-sections, when the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates, the arc-shaped plate and the detection needle thereon have a greater retraction stroke compared to the convex rod, that is, the distance between the arc-shaped plate and the detection rod thereon and the cycloid gear semi-finished product is greater, which can effectively avoid the direct contact between the arc-shaped plate and the detection needle and the cycloid gear semi-finished product, ensuring the detection accuracy of the detection needle; 4. By moving the first piston to suck the fluid medium in the second cylinder, the second piston is driven to drive the push rod to move towards the first cylinder, and at the same time, the second piston also moves towards the first cylinder under the action of the compressive deformation force of the second return spring, so as to have sufficient power to pull components such as the base, the detection rod and the arc-shaped plate thereon towards the cycloid gear semi-finished product, and the reaction is more sensitive, enabling the detection needle to return to the detection state of abutting against the tooth groove, so that the rotational indexing accuracy of the cycloid gear semi-finished product can be quickly detected after the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates, ensuring the rough machining efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gear shaper of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a bottom view of the multi-stage broaching tool of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is Figure 1 a partial enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals: 11, tool holder; 12, broaching tool; 21, detection rod; 22, arc plate; 23, detection needle; 24, guide cylinder; 25, third return spring; 31, machine table; 32, indexing plate; 33, slide rail; 34, base; 41, first cylinder block; 42, second cylinder block; 43, first piston; 44, second piston; 45, convex rod; 451, smooth curved surface; 46, push rod; 47, first return spring; 48, second return spring. Specific embodiments

[0019] Next, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0020] The embodiment of the present application discloses a production process of a speed reducer. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , it includes the following steps: S1. Blanking and heating up the blank; S2. Stamping the heated blank into a cycloid gear blank; S3. After punching out the inner hole, forging and forming the cycloid gear in the cycloid gear mold, and spheroidizing and tempering to obtain a semi-finished product; S4. Rough machining the inner hole and tooth profile of the semi-finished product; S5. Heat treatment and finish machining.

[0021] Among them, when rough machining the tooth profile in step S4, at least three broaching tools 12 are vertically arranged on the tool holder 11, and the cross-sectional area of the gap between the cutting profiles of the multiple broaching tools 12 and the groove wall of the finished cycloid gear tooth slot increases in a gradient from top to bottom; and when driving the tool holder 11 to reciprocate up and down for gear broaching, only one broaching tool 12 is in the working state. Specifically, the thickness of the broaching tool 12 is greater than the thickness of the semi-finished cycloid gear to be processed, and every time at least one reciprocating stroke is completed, the tool holder 11 is driven to move downward and the next broaching tool 12 located above enters the working state.

[0022] After the first rough machining of the tooth groove is completed, after the semi-finished cycloid gear rotates by a set indexing angle, a detection component arranged radially along the semi-finished cycloid gear is embedded in the previously machined tooth groove to detect the positioning accuracy of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove.

[0023] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the detection component includes: A detection rod 21, arranged radially along the semi-finished cycloid gear to be machined, and the extension line thereof passes through the midline of the arc of the corresponding tooth groove; An arc-shaped plate 22, the inner arc top of which is fixedly connected to the detection rod 21, and it is adapted to the arc surface of the tooth groove wall of the finished cycloid gear; Two detection needles 23, arranged in a mirror image with respect to the detection rod 21. The detection needles 23 are elastically mounted on the arc-shaped plate 22 and one end penetrates through the arc-shaped plate 22 and protrudes out of the outer arc side of the arc-shaped plate 22; a displacement sensor for detecting the axial displacement of the detection needle 23 is arranged on the detection rod 21.

[0024] After the detection component is installed at the set position, the remaining finish machining allowance of the previously machined tooth groove is verified by the displacement of a single detection needle 23, and the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove is verified by the displacement difference between the two detection needles 23.

[0025] Among them, when verifying the remaining finish machining allowance of the previously machined tooth groove, first install the standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate 32, and install the detection component at the set position, record the displacements of the two detection needles 23, and define it as the standard depth displacement; When rough machining the semi-finished product, record the displacement of the detection needle 23, define it as the detected depth displacement, subtract the detected depth displacement from the standard depth displacement to obtain the finish machining allowance, and record the finish machining allowance of each previously machined tooth groove to ensure that the finish machining allowances of all tooth grooves are consistent after rough machining, so as to avoid damaging the finish machining tool due to excessive difference in finish machining allowances.

[0026] Among them, when verifying the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove, first install the standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate 32, and install the detection component at the set position, adjust the position of the detection rod 21 so that the displacements of the two detection needles 23 are the same; When rough machining the semi-finished product, compare the displacement differences between the two detection needles 23. If the difference is zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove relative to the previously machined tooth groove meets the requirements; if the difference is not zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove relative to the previously machined tooth groove does not meet the requirements, and continue to control the indexing plate 32 to rotate slightly until the difference is zero.

[0027] Thus, when rough machining the cycloid gear blank, first fix the cycloid gear blank on the indexing plate 32. Drive the tool holder 11 to reciprocate vertically through the reciprocating drive mechanism on the gear shaper. The first-order machining of the cycloid gear blank can be carried out by the broaching cutter 12 at the lowest position on the tool holder 11. Then drive the whole reciprocating drive mechanism to move down by a displacement equal to the thickness of a broaching cutter 12, so that the second broaching cutter 12 from the lower right to the upper right is aligned with the cycloid gear blank. Then drive the tool holder 11 to reciprocate vertically through the reciprocating drive mechanism, and ensure that the upper end face of the second broaching cutter 12 does not contact the cycloid gear blank. Thus, the second-order machining of the cycloid gear blank can be carried out. Cycle in turn until all the broaching cutters 12 on the tool holder 11 have completed the broaching operation. At this time, the machining of a tooth groove on the cycloid gear blank is completed. Therefore, by arranging multiple broaching cutters 12 on the tool holder 11, when machining a tooth groove with a large broaching amount, there is no need to carry out the feed operation. Only multi-order broaching on the same tool position can complete the machining, with less requirement for the feed accuracy of the existing traditional broaching cutter. There is no need to deeply transform the existing traditional broaching cutter, which can effectively control the machining cost.

[0028] Secondly, when machining subsequent tooth grooves, the indexing plate 32 drives the cycloid gear blank on it to rotate by a set indexing angle, so that the broaching cutter 12 on the tool holder 11 is aligned with the next tooth groove position on the cycloid gear blank. Before the broaching cutter 12 carries out the broaching operation, insert the arc-shaped plate 22 into the previously machined tooth groove, so that the two detection needles 23 symmetrically arranged on the arc-shaped plate 22 with respect to the midline of the tooth groove are elastically abutted against the groove wall of the tooth groove, and then the displacement amounts of the two detection needles 23 are respectively detected by two displacement sensors. When the two displacement amounts are the same, it means that the alignment position of the broaching cutter 12 on the tool holder 11 with respect to the cycloid gear blank does not deviate. When the two displacement amounts are different, it means that the cycloid gear rotates excessively or lacks rotation. There is no need to stop the machine for maintenance, and the indexing plate 32 can be directly fine-tuned to ensure that the broaching positioning accuracy of the tooth groove meets the requirements. Moreover, when machining each tooth groove, the detection mechanism can pre-detect to ensure the machining positioning accuracy of each tooth groove, thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the cycloid gear blank in rough machining.

[0029] And, by means of the displacement amount of a single detection needle 23, it can be used to represent the finishing allowance of each machined tooth groove, so as to perform secondary machining correction on the tooth grooves that do not meet the finishing allowance, or timely check the causes of machining errors of the gear shaper, and further ensure the rough machining quality of each cycloid gear in mass production.

[0030] Considering that when the indexing plate 32 drives the cycloid gear blank, the tooth protrusions of the cycloid gear blank will push against the arc-shaped plate 22 and the two detection needles 23 on it, which may cause the detection needles 23 to be skewed due to lateral stress, ultimately affecting the detection accuracy.

[0031] For this reason, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4, on the rough machining machine tool 31, there are slide rails 33 and double-cylinder piston assemblies arranged radially along the indexing plate 32. A base 34 is slidably arranged on the slide rails 33, and the detection rod 21 is installed on the base 34. Among them, the slide rails 33 are arranged parallel to the detection rod 21, and the double-cylinder piston assembly is used to extend the retraction formation of the detection rod 21 to ensure that there is no direct contact between the cycloid gear semi-finished product and the arc plate 22 and the detection needle 23 during the rotation process.

[0032] Specifically, the double-cylinder piston assembly includes a first cylinder block 41 and a second cylinder block 42 that are connected and a reset assembly. The axes of the first cylinder block 41 and the second cylinder block 42 are coplanar with the detection rod 21. A first piston 43 is slidably arranged in the first cylinder block 41, and a second piston 44 is slidably arranged in the second cylinder block 42. The cross-sectional area of the second cylinder block 42 is smaller than that of the first cylinder block 41, specifically at least more than 2 times larger. Both the first cylinder block 41 and the second cylinder block 42 are filled with a fluid medium, which can specifically be compressed air or hydraulic oil. One end of the first piston 43 away from the second piston 44 is fixedly connected with a convex rod 45 for elastically abutting against the peripheral wall of the cycloid gear semi-finished product on the indexing plate 32. One end of the second piston 44 away from the first piston 43 is fixedly connected with a push rod 46 connected to the base 34. Among them, a smooth curved surface 451 is arranged on one side of the convex rod 45 facing the rotation direction of the indexing plate 32, and the convex rod 45 is located below the arc plate 22.

[0033] And, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the reset assembly includes: A first return spring 47 is arranged between the connection part of the first cylinder block 41 and the second cylinder block 42 and the first piston 43; A second return spring 48 is arranged between one end of the second cylinder block 42 away from the first cylinder block 41 and the second piston 44. When the detection rod 21 abuts tightly against the tooth groove of the processed cycloid gear semi-finished product, the second return spring 48 is in a compressed state.

[0034] Thus, when the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates driven by the indexing plate 32, the convex rod 45 slides along the tooth grooves and tooth convex contours of the cycloid gear semi-finished product by virtue of the smooth curved surface 451 thereon, so that the convex rod 45 pushes the first piston 43 to move in the first cylinder 41 towards the second cylinder 42, causing the fluid medium in the first cylinder 41 to flow into the second cylinder 42; and since the cross-sectional area of the first cylinder 41 is much larger than that of the second cylinder 42, the moving stroke of the second piston 44 in the second cylinder 42 is much larger than that of the first piston 43. Furthermore, the moving stroke of the second piston 44 driving the base 34 to move on the slide rail 33 through the push rod 46 is much larger than the retraction stroke of the convex rod 45. Finally, when the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates, the arc-shaped plate 22 and the detection needle 23 thereon have a larger stroke compared to the retraction stroke of the convex rod 45, that is, the distance between the arc-shaped plate 22 and the detection rod 21 thereon and the cycloid gear semi-finished product is larger, effectively avoiding the direct contact between the arc-shaped plate 22 and the detection needle 23 and the cycloid gear semi-finished product, and ensuring the detection accuracy of the detection needle 23.

[0035] When the tooth groove machined previously of the cycloid gear semi-finished product aligns with the convex rod 45, the first piston 43 moves in the direction away from the second cylinder 42 under the action of the compression deformation force of the first return spring 47, so that the convex rod 45 always abuts tightly against the outer contour of the cycloid gear semi-finished product. At this time, the first piston 43 sucks the fluid medium in the second cylinder 42, prompting the second piston 44 to drive the push rod 46 to move towards the first cylinder 41. At the same time, the second piston 44 also moves towards the first cylinder 41 under the action of the compression deformation force of the second return spring 48, so as to have sufficient power to pull components such as the base 34, the detection rod 21 and the arc-shaped plate 22 thereon towards the cycloid gear semi-finished product, and the reaction is more sensitive. Furthermore, the detection needle 23 is restored to the detection state of abutting tightly against the tooth groove, so that the rotational indexing accuracy of the cycloid gear semi-finished product can be quickly detected, ensuring the rough machining efficiency.

[0036] In addition, when machining cycloid gears of different sizes, only the installation position of the detection rod 21 on the base 34 needs to be adjusted to ensure that there is a gap between the arc-shaped plate 22 and the inner wall of the tooth groove when the convex rod 45 abuts tightly against the tooth groove of the cycloid gear, so as to ensure the detection accuracy of the detection needle 23.

[0037] In addition, for the convenience of displacement detection of the detection needle 23, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 3, a guide cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to the inner arc side of the arc-shaped plate 22. The detection needle 23 is inserted into the guide cylinder 24. A third return spring 25 is sleeved outside the guide cylinder 24. One end of the third return spring 25 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate 22, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the detection needle 23 close to the detection rod 21. And when the third return spring 25 is in the initial state, the distance that the detection needle 23 protrudes from the outer arc side of the arc-shaped plate 22 does not exceed 5 mm, so as to ensure that when the semi-finished cycloid gear rotates, the detection needle 23 will not hit the outer contour of the semi-finished cycloid gear.

[0038] Moreover, it should be further noted that the stiffness coefficients of the first return spring 47 and the second return spring 48 are much larger than that of the third return spring 25, so as to avoid the influence of the elastic force attenuation of the first return spring 47 and the second return spring 48 after long-term operation on the accuracy of the detection result of the detection needle 23.

[0039] The embodiment of the present application discloses a speed reducer, which is processed by the above-mentioned speed reducer production process.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The "first", "second", "third" and similar terms used in the specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "a" or "one" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but indicate that there is at least one. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before "including" or "comprising" cover the elements or objects listed after "including" or "comprising" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" are only used to represent the relative position relationship. When the absolute position of the object to be described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0041] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. The protection scope of this application is not limited accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A production process of a speed reducer, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Blanking and heating the blank for temperature rise; S2. Stamping the heated blank into a cycloid gear blank; S3. After punching the inner hole, forging and forming the cycloid gear in the cycloid gear die, and performing spheroidizing and tempering to obtain a semi-finished product; S4. Rough machining the inner hole and tooth profile of the semi-finished product; S5. Heat treatment and finish machining; Among them, when rough machining the tooth profile in step S4, at least three broaching tools (12) are vertically arranged on the tool holder (11), and the cross-sectional area of the gap between the cutting profiles of multiple broaching tools (12) and the groove wall of the finished cycloid gear tooth groove increases in a gradient from top to bottom; and when driving the tool holder (11) to reciprocate up and down for broaching, only one broaching tool (12) is in the working state, and when at least one reciprocating stroke is completed, the tool holder (11) is driven to move downward and the next broaching tool (12) located above enters the working state; After the rough machining of the first tooth groove is completed, after the cycloid gear semi-finished product rotates by a set indexing angle, a detection component arranged radially along the cycloid gear semi-finished product is embedded in the previously machined tooth groove to detect the positioning accuracy of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove.

2. The production process of a speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component includes: A detection rod (21), arranged radially along the to-be-machined cycloid gear semi-finished product, and the extension line thereof passes through the midline of the corresponding tooth groove arc; An arc-shaped plate (22), the inner arc top of which is fixedly connected to the detection rod (21), and it is adapted to the arc surface of the finished cycloid gear tooth groove wall; Two detection needles (23), arranged in a mirror image with respect to the detection rod (21), the detection needles (23) are elastically installed on the arc-shaped plate (22) and one end thereof penetrates through the arc-shaped plate (22) and protrudes out of the outer arc side of the arc-shaped plate (22); After the detection component is installed at the set position, the displacement of a single detection needle (23) is used to verify the reserved finish machining allowance of the previously machined tooth groove, and the displacement difference between the two detection needles (23) is used to verify the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove.

3. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, When verifying the reserved finish machining allowance of the previously machined tooth groove, first install the standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate (32), and install the detection component at the set position, record the displacement of the two detection needles (23), and define it as the standard depth displacement; When rough machining the semi-finished product, record the displacement of the detection needle (23), define it as the detection depth displacement, subtract the detection depth displacement from the standard depth displacement to obtain the finish machining allowance, record the finish machining allowance of each previously machined tooth groove, and ensure that the finish machining allowances of all tooth grooves are consistent after rough machining, so as to avoid damaging the finish machining tool due to excessive difference in finish machining allowances.

4. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, When verifying the rotational indexing error of the currently to-be-machined tooth groove, first install the standard finished cycloid gear on the indexing plate (32), and install the detection component at the set position, adjust the position of the detection rod (21) so that the displacements of the two detection needles (23) are the same; When rough machining the semi-finished product, compare the displacement difference between the two detection needles (23). If the difference is zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove compared with the previously machined tooth groove meets the requirements; if the difference is not zero, it means that the indexing angle of the to-be-machined tooth groove compared with the previously machined tooth groove does not meet the requirements, and continue to control the indexing plate (32) to rotate slightly to correct it until the difference is zero.

5. The production process of a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, A displacement sensor for detecting the axial displacement of the detection needle (23) is provided on the detection rod (21).

6. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, On the rough machining machine table (31), a slide rail (33) and a double-cylinder piston assembly are provided along the radial direction of the indexing plate (32). A base (34) is slidably provided on the slide rail (33), and the detection rod (21) is installed on the base (34). The double-cylinder piston assembly includes a first cylinder block (41) and a second cylinder block (42) that are communicated with each other and a reset assembly. A first piston (43) is slidably provided in the first cylinder block (41), and a second piston (44) is slidably provided in the second cylinder block (42). The cross-sectional area of the second cylinder block (42) is smaller than that of the first cylinder block (41). A convex rod (45) for elastically abutting against the peripheral wall of the semi-finished cycloid gear to be processed on the indexing plate (32) is fixedly connected to one end of the first piston (43) away from the second piston (44). A push rod (46) connected to the base (34) is fixedly connected to one end of the second piston (44) away from the first piston (43).

7. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that The reset assembly includes: A first return spring (47) is provided between the connection part of the first cylinder block (41) and the second cylinder block (42) and the first piston (43). A second return spring (48) is provided between one end of the second cylinder block (42) away from the first cylinder block (41) and the second piston (44). When the detection rod (21) abuts against the tooth groove of the semi-finished cycloid gear being processed, the second return spring (48) is in a compressed state.

8. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that, A smooth curved surface (451) is provided on one side of the convex rod (45) facing the rotation direction of the indexing plate (32).

9. A production process of a speed reducer according to claim 2, characterized in that, A guide cylinder (24) is fixedly connected to the inner arc side of the arc-shaped plate (22). The detection needle (23) is inserted into the guide cylinder (24). A third return spring (25) is sleeved outside the guide cylinder (24). One end of the third return spring (25) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped plate (22), and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the detection needle (23) close to the detection rod (21).

10. A speed reducer is manufactured by the production process of a speed reducer according to any one of claims 1-9.

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