Avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact sound-vibration combined sensing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of avalanche disaster early warning, in particular to an avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact sound-vibration combined sensing, and the method comprises the steps: enabling a sound-vibration non-contact combined sensor to be disposed at a preset safety position of a target occurrence place, so as to collect sound waves and seismic oscillation signals of the target occurrence place; carrying out statistics on amplitude first digit information entropy distribution characteristics of the sound waves and the seismic oscillation signals; fitting the amplitude first digit information entropy distribution characteristics with the Benford's law to determine a high-energy event; time-frequency feature analysis is performed on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs. Therefore, the problems that an existing avalanche monitoring system and an existing sensing device are arranged near a disaster point in a contact mode, so that monitoring equipment is damaged by avalanche, the safety and stability of the monitoring station are difficult to guarantee, and the requirement for disaster early warning cannot be met are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of avalanche disaster warning technology, and in particular to an avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing. Background Art

[0002] Currently, most avalanche warning and monitoring systems rely on contact monitoring systems such as weather stations. These sensors are easily damaged during avalanches, making it difficult to guarantee the safety and stability of monitoring stations. Furthermore, avalanche warning methods based on weather forecasts generally provide medium- to long-term (approximately seven-day) avalanche disaster warning information, potentially disrupting normal human activities and failing to meet immediate disaster warning needs.

[0003] When dealing with avalanches, a highly destructive natural disaster, avalanche warning and monitoring systems undoubtedly play a vital role. As for the avalanche warning and monitoring systems that are currently widely used, most of them focus their core functions on the warning level, and their monitoring methods are highly dependent on traditional contact monitoring methods such as weather stations.

[0004] This model, which relies on contact monitoring, has gradually exposed numerous shortcomings during actual operation. From the perspective of the safety and stability of the monitoring equipment itself, the various sensors installed in avalanche-prone areas are easily damaged by the massive impact of an avalanche. Once a sensor is damaged, the monitoring station will no longer be able to accurately monitor avalanche dynamics. This can lead to the entire monitoring system failing to issue timely warnings, missing the optimal opportunity to avoid danger, and significantly compromising subsequent rescue and post-disaster assessment efforts.

[0005] In addition to the inherent vulnerability of the equipment itself, current avalanche warning methods based on weather forecasts also have significant limitations in practical application. While weather forecasts can provide a basis for avalanche warnings to a certain extent, the warning information they provide is typically medium- to long-term (approximately seven days). While this longer warning period provides some guidance for large-scale, long-term disaster prevention planning, it cannot meet the urgent needs of immediate disaster warning. In real life, normal production activities often require relatively fixed time and space. For example, for engineering construction projects in mountainous areas, construction teams need to develop detailed plans based on weather and geological conditions. For tourist attractions, operators need to rationally arrange tourist itineraries and reception. If a warning of a possible avalanche is received seven days in advance, personnel will be forced to remain on high alert for an extended period of time or be forced to prematurely interrupt ongoing work and activities. This not only results in significant economic losses but also severely impacts people's daily lives and work efficiency. For those areas that are suddenly threatened by avalanches, the 7-day warning cycle is obviously too long and cannot provide local residents and relevant departments with timely and effective response time. As a result, people are often caught off guard when faced with sudden avalanches and find it difficult to quickly take effective risk avoidance measures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides an avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing to solve the problems that the existing avalanche monitoring system is difficult to ensure the safety and stability of monitoring sites and cannot meet the needs of disaster warning.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides an avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic-seismic combined sensing, comprising the following steps: placing an acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor at a preset safe position at a target occurrence site to collect sound waves and seismic signals at the target occurrence site; statistically analyzing the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the sound waves and the seismic signals; fitting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine high-energy events; and performing time-frequency characteristic analysis on the high-energy events to identify whether an avalanche event has occurred.

[0008] Optionally, the non-contact acoustic-seismic combined sensor is placed at a preset safe position at the target location to collect acoustic waves and seismic signals at the target location, including:

[0009] Installing the infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combined sensor on an unobstructed terrain pole at the preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location;

[0010] The seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combination sensor is buried underground at the preset safe position to collect seismic signals at the target location.

[0011] Optionally, fitting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the leading digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine the high-energy event includes:

[0012] The fitting value of the information entropy distribution characteristic of the first digit of the amplitude and Benford's law is calculated, and the fitting value is compared with a preset threshold to distinguish the background noise and the high energy event in the sound wave and the seismic signal.

[0013] Optionally, the performing time-frequency feature analysis on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs includes:

[0014] Performing short-time Fourier transform on the high-energy event to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0015] Solving the time-varying power spectral density of the high-energy event based on the local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0016] Energy-weighted averaging is performed on the time-varying power spectrum density to obtain a time-varying centroid frequency, and whether an avalanche event occurs is identified based on the time-varying centroid frequency.

[0017] The second aspect of the present invention provides an avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic-seismic combined sensing, including: an acquisition module for placing an acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor at a preset safe position at a target location to collect sound waves and seismic signals at the target location; a statistical module for counting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the sound waves and the seismic signals; a fitting module for fitting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine high-energy events; and an analysis and determination module for performing time-frequency feature analysis on the high-energy events to identify whether an avalanche event has occurred.

[0018] Optionally, the acquisition module includes:

[0019] A first acquisition unit is configured to install the infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combined sensor on an unobstructed terrain pole at the preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location;

[0020] The second acquisition unit is used to bury the seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combination sensor underground at the preset safe position to collect the seismic signal at the target location.

[0021] Optionally, the fitting module includes:

[0022] The fitting value of the information entropy distribution characteristic of the first digit of the amplitude and Benford's law is calculated, and the fitting value is compared with a preset threshold to distinguish the background noise and the high energy event in the sound wave and the seismic signal.

[0023] Optionally, the analysis and determination module includes:

[0024] a short-time transform unit, configured to perform a short-time Fourier transform on the high-energy event to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0025] A solving unit, configured to solve the time-varying power spectral density of the high-energy event based on the local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0026] The determining unit is configured to perform energy-weighted averaging on the time-varying power spectrum density to obtain a time-varying centroid frequency, and identify whether an avalanche event occurs based on the time-varying centroid frequency.

[0027] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing as described in the above embodiment.

[0028] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing as described above.

[0029] The avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing proposed in the embodiment of the present invention comprehensively utilize the characteristic that the propagation speed of acoustic shock signals is faster than the movement speed of avalanches, and form a non-contact avalanche combined observation system with low-attenuation acoustic signals and seismic signals that are not constrained by terrain obstruction. The system can quickly identify avalanche events and issue avalanche alarm information to buy escape time before the avalanche reaches the downstream and causes terrible disasters. It can not only meet the safety and stability of the monitoring site, but also meet the needs of disaster warning. Avalanche events are identified through front-end data analysis, and the acoustic shock signal waveform data is transmitted to the emergency management service platform using the ground / satellite communication module for event information display and disaster warning. In the original data recording, storage and transmission scheme, all continuous original waveform records are stored in the data collector of the field observation site. By judging, the avalanche event waveform is selectively transmitted, and other continuous background noise is not transmitted, thereby reducing the pressure of field observation communication and improving the practicality of the avalanche observation and identification method.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart of an avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a specific implementation of an avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of fluctuation changes when an avalanche occurs provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the fitting results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 A block diagram of an avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] The following describes an avalanche monitoring method and device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 A flowchart of an avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing includes the following steps:

[0042] In step S101, an acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor is placed at a preset safe position at a target location to collect acoustic waves and seismic signals at the target location.

[0043] In some embodiments, an acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor is placed at a predetermined safe location at the target location to collect acoustic and seismic signals at the target location, including:

[0044] The infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combination sensor is installed on an unobstructed terrain pole at a preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location;

[0045] The seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combined sensor is buried underground at a preset safe location to collect seismic signals at the target location.

[0046] It should be noted that if Figure 2 As shown, large avalanches have paths measuring approximately 2–3 km long, moving at speeds of approximately 10–30 m / s, and lasting on the order of ten minutes. In high-altitude formation areas, avalanches form as dry powder sheets, causing aerial explosions. Sound propagates through the air at a speed of approximately 340 m / s, with minimal energy attenuation. As wet snow from lower altitudes draws in, the avalanche evolves into a high-density flow. Seismometers record vibration signals generated by the interaction between the high-density flow at the bottom of the avalanche and the movement of the subgrade. Surface waves propagate through the solid Earth at a speed of approximately 3300 m / s, but due to the influence of the loose surface snow, the elastic waves experience rapid energy attenuation during propagation.

[0047] Therefore, if Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, an acoustic-seismic non-contact combination sensor including an infrasound meter and a seismic geophone is used. The acoustic-seismic non-contact combination sensor is set at a preset safe position (for example, 500 meters away from the target occurrence site), the infrasound meter is installed on an unobstructed terrain pole at the preset safe position, and the seismic geophone (such as a 5Hz dynamic three-component sensor) is shallowly buried about 50 cm underground at the preset safe position to measure the sound wave and seismic signals at the target occurrence site respectively.

[0048] In step S102 , the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the acoustic wave and the seismic signal are statistically analyzed.

[0049] In the actual implementation process, Figure 3 As shown, a field data collector can be used to perform statistics on the acoustic wave and seismic signals collected above, and a sliding window with a preset time length can be set to preliminarily determine and identify the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the acoustic wave and seismic signals.

[0050] In step S103, the information entropy distribution characteristics of the leading digit of the amplitude are fitted with Benford's law to determine high-energy events.

[0051] In some embodiments, the information entropy distribution characteristics of the leading digit of the amplitude are fitted with Benford's law to determine high-energy events, including:

[0052] The information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude and the fitting value of Benford's law are calculated, and the fitting value is compared with the preset threshold to distinguish between background noise and high-energy events in acoustic and seismic signals.

[0053] In the actual implementation process, Figure 3 and 4 As shown, the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude are calculated and the fitting value of Benford's law is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0054] P(d)=log 10 (1+d -1 )

[0055]

[0056] Where d is a number from 1 to 9, P(d) is the probability of the first digit being 1 to 9 according to Benford's law, and P(d) obs is the frequency of the first digits 1-9 in the actual statistics of acoustic wave and seismic signals, and φ represents the fit between the actual distribution of the first digits and Benford's law.

[0057] Furthermore, the fitting value is compared with the preset threshold. The part of the fitting value greater than the preset threshold is a high-energy event, and the part of the fitting value less than the preset threshold is background noise. When a high-energy event occurs, the 5G transmission network or Beidou switching transmission mode can be used to transmit the high-energy event to the emergency management service platform, so as to use the computing power high warning module in the emergency management service platform to perform time-frequency feature analysis on the high-energy event waveform data and identify whether a high-energy event occurs.

[0058] In step S104, a time-frequency characteristic analysis is performed on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs.

[0059] In some embodiments, performing time-frequency feature analysis on a high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event has occurred includes:

[0060] Perform short-time Fourier transform on high-energy events to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0061] Solve the time-varying power spectral density of high-energy events based on local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0062] The energy-weighted average of the time-varying power spectral density is performed to obtain the time-varying centroid frequency, and whether an avalanche event occurs is identified based on the time-varying centroid frequency.

[0063] In the actual implementation process, a short-time Fourier transform is performed on high-energy events to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain:

[0064]

[0065] Where m = 0, 1, ..., M-1 is the time frame index, k = 0, 1, ..., K-1 is the frequency index, x[n] (n = 0, 1, ..., L-1) is the high energy event, w[n] is the Hamming window function, L is the length, e -j2πkn / L is a complex exponential function used to convert time domain signals to frequency domain.

[0066] The frequency amplitude in each time window of the local information in the time-frequency domain is squared to obtain the power spectrum density S[m,k] of the kth frequency point in the mth frame, and the time-varying power spectrum density is converted to decibel units dB. The specific expression is as follows:

[0067] S[m,k]=|STFT[m,k]| 2

[0068] Energy weighting is performed on each time frame m in the time-varying power spectral density, and the power spectrum of each frequency after weighting is averaged to obtain the time-varying centroid frequency. The specific expression is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] Where, f centroid [m] is the time-varying center of mass frequency, is the discrete frequency of the kth frequency component, f s is the sampling rate, f k S[m,k] is the contribution of each frequency point to the center of the spectrum. The numerator is obtained by integrating f k S[m,k] gets the weighted average frequency of the frequency. The denominator integrates the total power density of S[m,k] to represent the total energy of the signal. The time-varying centroid frequency f is obtained by the ratio centroid [m].

[0071] Furthermore, the time-varying centroid frequency is compared with a preset threshold to identify avalanche events. Specifically, at the time-varying centroid frequency f centroid When [m] is higher than the preset threshold, it indicates that an avalanche event has occurred.

[0072] In summary, the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing proposed in an embodiment of the present invention comprehensively utilizes the characteristic that the propagation speed of acoustic shock signals is faster than the movement speed of avalanches, and forms a non-contact avalanche combined observation system with low-attenuation acoustic signals and seismic signals that are not constrained by terrain obstruction. It can quickly identify avalanche events and issue avalanche alarm information to buy escape time when the avalanche has not yet reached the downstream to cause terrible disasters. It can not only meet the safety and stability of the monitoring site, but also meet the needs of disaster warning. This solution identifies avalanche events through front-end data analysis, and uses ground / satellite communication modules to transmit acoustic shock signal waveform data to the emergency management service platform for event information display and disaster alarm. In the original data recording, storage and transmission scheme, all continuous original waveform records are stored in the data collector of the field observation site. By judging, the avalanche event waveform is selectively transmitted, and other continuous background noise is not transmitted, thereby reducing the pressure of field observation communication and improving the practicality of the avalanche observation and identification method.

[0073] Next, an avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] Figure 5 A block diagram of an avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic and shock combined sensing for avalanche monitoring based on non-contact acoustic and shock signal sensing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, the avalanche monitoring device 50 based on non-contact acoustic vibration combined sensing includes: an acquisition module 501 , a statistics module 502 , a fitting module 503 and an analysis and determination module 504 .

[0076] The acquisition module 501 is used to place the acoustic-seismic non-contact combination sensor at a predetermined safe location at the target site to collect acoustic and seismic signals from the target site. The statistics module 502 is used to calculate the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the acoustic and seismic signals. The fitting module 503 is used to fit the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude to Benford's law to identify high-energy events. The analysis and determination module 504 is used to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of high-energy events to identify whether an avalanche event has occurred.

[0077] In some embodiments, the acquisition module 501 includes:

[0078] The first acquisition unit is used to install the infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combination sensor on an unobstructed terrain pole at a preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location;

[0079] The second acquisition unit is used to bury the seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combination sensor underground at a preset safe position to collect seismic signals at the target location.

[0080] In some embodiments, the fitting module 502 includes:

[0081] The information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude and the fitting value of Benford's law are calculated, and the fitting value is compared with the preset threshold to distinguish between background noise and high-energy events in acoustic and seismic signals.

[0082] In some embodiments, the analysis and determination module 504 includes:

[0083] A short-time transform unit is used to perform short-time Fourier transform on high-energy events to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0084] A solving unit, used for solving the time-varying power spectral density of the high-energy event based on local information in the time-frequency domain;

[0085] The determination unit is used to perform energy-weighted averaging on the time-varying power spectrum density to obtain the time-varying centroid frequency, and identify whether an avalanche event occurs according to the time-varying centroid frequency.

[0086] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiment of the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing is also applicable to the avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing proposed by the embodiment of the present invention comprehensively utilizes the characteristic that the propagation speed of acoustic shock signals is faster than the movement speed of avalanches, and forms a non-contact avalanche combined observation system with low-attenuation acoustic signals and seismic signals that are not constrained by terrain obstruction. It can quickly identify avalanche events and issue avalanche alarm information to buy escape time when the avalanche has not yet reached the downstream to cause terrible disasters. It can not only meet the safety and stability of the monitoring site, but also meet the needs of disaster warning. This solution identifies avalanche events through front-end data analysis, and uses ground / satellite communication modules to transmit acoustic shock signal waveform data to the emergency management service platform for event information display and disaster alarm. In the original data recording, storage and transmission scheme, all continuous original waveform records are stored in the data collector of the field observation site. By judging, the avalanche event waveform is selectively transmitted, and other continuous background noise is not transmitted, thereby reducing the pressure of field observation communication and improving the practicality of the avalanche observation and identification method.

[0088] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include:

[0089] A memory 601 , a processor 602 , and a computer program stored in the memory 601 and executable on the processor 602 .

[0090] When the processor 602 executes the program, the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0091] Furthermore, the electronic device further includes:

[0092] The communication interface 603 is used for communication between the memory 601 and the processor 602 .

[0093] The memory 601 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 602 .

[0094] The memory 601 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0095] If the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are implemented independently, the communication interface 603, memory 601, and processor 602 can be connected to each other via a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 6 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0096] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 601, the processor 602 and the communication interface 603 are integrated on a chip, the memory 601, the processor 602 and the communication interface 603 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0097] The processor 602 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention.

[0098] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the program is executed by a processor, the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing as described above is implemented.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0100] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0101] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing a custom logical function or step of a process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present invention pertain.

[0102] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (e.g., a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection with one or N wires (electronic devices), a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing it in other suitable ways as necessary, and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0103] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiment, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having logic gate circuits for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application-specific integrated circuit having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0104] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the method of the above embodiment can be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0105] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into a single processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single module. The aforementioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0106] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for avalanche monitoring based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Deploying an acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor at a preset safe location at the target site to collect acoustic and seismic signals at the target site; Counting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the sound wave and the seismic signal; Fitting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine high-energy events; A time-frequency characteristic analysis is performed on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs.

2. The avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acoustic-seismic non-contact combined sensor is arranged at a preset safe position at the target occurrence site to collect acoustic waves and seismic signals at the target occurrence site, including: Installing the infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combined sensor on an unobstructed terrain pole at the preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location; The seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combination sensor is buried underground at the preset safe position to collect seismic signals at the target location.

3. The avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fitting of the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine high-energy events includes: The fitting value of the information entropy distribution characteristic of the first digit of the amplitude and Benford's law is calculated, and the fitting value is compared with a preset threshold to distinguish the background noise and the high energy event in the sound wave and the seismic signal.

4. The avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performing time-frequency characteristic analysis on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs includes: Performing short-time Fourier transform on the high-energy event to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain; Solving the time-varying power spectral density of the high-energy event based on the local information in the time-frequency domain; Energy-weighted averaging is performed on the time-varying power spectrum density to obtain a time-varying centroid frequency, and whether an avalanche event occurs is identified based on the time-varying centroid frequency.

5. An avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to place an acoustic and seismic non-contact combined sensor at a preset safe position at the target location to collect acoustic and seismic signals at the target location; A statistical module, configured to calculate information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude of the acoustic wave and the seismic signal; A fitting module, for fitting the information entropy distribution characteristics of the first digit of the amplitude with Benford's law to determine high-energy events; The analysis and determination module is used to perform time-frequency feature analysis on the high-energy event to identify whether an avalanche event occurs.

6. The avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The acquisition module includes: A first acquisition unit is configured to install the infrasound instrument in the acoustic shock non-contact combined sensor on an unobstructed terrain pole at the preset safe location to collect sound waves at the target location; The second acquisition unit is used to bury the seismic detector in the acoustic seismic non-contact combination sensor underground at the preset safe position to collect the seismic signal at the target location.

7. The avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fitting module includes: The fitting value of the information entropy distribution characteristic of the first digit of the amplitude and Benford's law is calculated, and the fitting value is compared with a preset threshold to distinguish the background noise and the high energy event in the sound wave and the seismic signal.

8. The avalanche monitoring device based on non-contact acoustic-vibration combined sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The analysis and determination module includes: a short-time transform unit, configured to perform a short-time Fourier transform on the high-energy event to obtain local information in the time-frequency domain; A solving unit, configured to solve the time-varying power spectral density of the high-energy event based on the local information in the time-frequency domain; The determining unit is configured to perform energy-weighted averaging on the time-varying power spectrum density to obtain a time-varying centroid frequency, and identify whether an avalanche event occurs based on the time-varying centroid frequency.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the avalanche monitoring method based on non-contact acoustic shock combined sensing as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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