Wire jacket for new energy automobile and preparation method of wire jacket

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of wire jackets, in particular to a wire jacket for a new energy automobile and a preparation method of the wire jacket. The EPDM material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of EPDM, 1-3 parts of an accelerant, 1-3 parts of a processing aid and 10-18 parts of a filling modifier, the filling modifier is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 22 percent of flame retardant material, 5 to 13 percent of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 1.3 to 3.2 percent of maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, 2 to 5 percent of acrylic acid and phosphoric acid resin dispersion liquid and the balance of white carbon black; the flame retardant material is a mixture of a plurality of materials selected from magnesium silicide, nanometer silicon hexaboride and layered silicate. Through the interaction of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin and acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion liquid and the combination of the flame retardant material which is compounded by magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride and layered silicate, the comprehensive performance of the wire jacket is improved, and the phenomena of cracking, damage and the like are effectively avoided under the conditions of high temperature and long-term oil contact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wire sleeves, and more specifically, to a wire sleeve for new energy vehicles and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As auxiliary fixings at both ends of the wiring harness or cable in new energy vehicles, cable sleeves play an irreplaceable role in ensuring the stability and safety of the wiring harness or cable. With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the market's performance requirements for cable sleeves are becoming increasingly stringent. In addition to the basic fixing function, cable sleeves must also be able to adapt to complex operating environments, such as high temperature, vibration, and contact with various oils and fluids. This high demand has driven the continuous advancement of cable sleeve materials and their manufacturing processes, prompting the industry to comprehensively optimize everything from basic material formulations to process technologies to meet the stringent requirements of actual applications. Especially in the field of new energy vehicles, the oil resistance, flame retardancy, and high temperature resistance of cable sleeves have become key technical indicators, making the research and development of cable sleeves a focus of industry attention.

[0003] In the existing technology, in order to cope with the performance challenges under complex working conditions, various means are usually used to improve the wire sheath materials and preparation processes. On the one hand, by optimizing the selection and ratio of basic rubber materials, such as the widespread use of EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) or NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), the basic physical properties of the wire sheath are improved; on the other hand, by adding various functional additives to further improve specific properties, such as adding flame retardants to enhance flame retardancy, or adding fillers to improve mechanical strength and aging resistance. In addition, there are methods to improve the adhesion between the wire sheath and the cable through surface modification technology, and to optimize the internal structure of the material using a special mixing process. Although these methods have improved the overall performance of the wire sheath to a certain extent, they still have obvious limitations.

[0004] However, existing cable sheaths primarily made of EPDM or NBR are still prone to cracking, breakage, or swelling when exposed to high temperatures and prolonged oil exposure. In particular, they offer insufficient oil swelling resistance and flame retardancy. These issues not only severely impact the lifespan and reliability of cable sheaths, but also limit their widespread application in high-performance new energy vehicles. Therefore, a cable sheath solution that maintains excellent stability in high-temperature and oil-containing environments is urgently needed to meet the new energy vehicle industry's urgent need for high-performance components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to obtain a wire sheath that has good flame retardant properties and better tolerance to high-temperature oil-containing environments, the present application provides a wire sheath for new energy vehicles and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In the first aspect, a wire sleeve for new energy vehicles is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: EPDM: 100 parts Accelerator: 1-3 parts Processing aids: 1-3 parts Filling modifier: 18-25 parts; The filler modifier comprises the following weight percentages: Flame retardant material 10-22% Hydrogenated nitrile rubber 5-13% Maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin 1.3-3.2% Acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion 2-5% The balance is white carbon black; The flame retardant material is a mixture of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride and layered silicate.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin and acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion in the filler modifier can improve the dispersion and compatibility of the flame retardant filler and white carbon black through chemical bonding, interfacial interaction, and dispersion promotion mechanisms. After being mixed with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, the resulting filler modifier further enhances the physical properties, oil swelling resistance, and flame retardancy of the EPDM rubber. The flame retardant material is a mixture of magnesium silicide, nano-silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate, which synergistically further enhances the flame retardancy of the EPDM rubber. Combined with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, and acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion, it has a synergistic effect, further improving the physical properties, weather resistance, oil swelling resistance, and flame retardancy. Therefore, the produced wire sheath has excellent tolerance when used in the fixed sheathing of wiring harnesses or cables for new energy vehicles, and can effectively avoid swelling, cracking, and breakage in oil-containing and high-temperature environments, significantly improving the durability of the wire sheath.

[0008] Preferably, the flame retardant material is composed of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate.

[0009] By adopting this technical solution, the flame retardant material, composed of magnesium silicide, nano-silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate, improves high-temperature stability and inhibits thermal decomposition. Nano-silicon hexaboride catalyzes the charring reaction, promoting carbon layer stability. The flame retardant synergistic effect of magnesium silicide reduces the amount of traditional flame retardants and improves mechanical properties. Working synergistically with the acrylic phosphate resin dispersion, it further forms a dense carbon layer, isolating oxygen and heat transfer, thereby enhancing the flame retardancy and high-temperature resistance of the wire sheath.

[0010] Preferably, the weights of the magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate are denoted as a1, a2, and a3, respectively, and 21>a3>a1.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the weight ratio of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate satisfies 21>a3>a1, the synergistic effect of the flame retardant material can be optimized. Specific effects include: further improving the high-temperature stability of the wire sleeve, effectively inhibiting thermal decomposition, promoting the formation of a dense carbon layer, isolating oxygen and heat transfer, and thus enhancing the flame retardant properties of the wire sleeve. At the same time, nano silicon hexaboride catalyzes the carbonization reaction and improves the stability of the carbon layer, while the synergistic effect of magnesium silicide reduces the amount of traditional flame retardants and improves mechanical properties. Ultimately, this optimized ratio can significantly improve the durability and anti-swelling ability of the wire sleeve in oil-containing, high-temperature environments when used in new energy vehicles.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the white carbon black is larger than the particle size of the flame retardant fuel.

[0013] By adopting this technical solution, the silica particle size is larger than that of the flame retardant, further optimizing the dispersion and compatibility of the various components in the filler modifier. Specifically, this design helps to improve the uniformity of the flame retardant in the EPDM matrix while enhancing the synergistic effect between the flame retardant and silica, effectively improving the flame retardancy and physical properties of the wire sheath.

[0014] Preferably, the particle size of the white carbon black is ≥800 mesh.

[0015] The particle size of silica is controlled above 800 mesh, which can improve the dispersion uniformity of each component in the filler modifier and further optimize the physical properties and oil swelling resistance of the wire sheath.

[0016] Preferably, the acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion is prepared from acrylic acid phosphate, methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide, and solvent.

[0017] Made from acrylate phosphate ester, methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide, surfactant, and solvent, the acrylic phosphate resin dispersion contains both phosphate and siloxane groups, resulting in a synergistic flame retardant effect. This component, in synergy with the maleic anhydride-grafted rosin resin, promotes compatibility between other raw materials and EPDM, further increasing crosslink density and significantly improving the cable sheath's stability in oil-containing, high-temperature environments.

[0018] Preferably, the acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion is prepared by the following method: Acrylate phosphate, methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide, and 1 / 2 solvent were weighed and mixed evenly, heated to react until the peroxide was completely decomposed, and then 1 / 2 solvent was added and mixed evenly to obtain an acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion.

[0019] The acrylic phosphate resin dispersion prepared by this method contains both phosphate and siloxane groups, exhibiting a synergistic flame-retardant effect. This synergistic effect with the maleic anhydride-grafted rosin resin promotes compatibility with EPDM and further increases crosslink density, significantly enhancing the stability of the cable sheath in oil-containing, high-temperature environments. Adding the solvent twice ensures that the resulting acrylic phosphate resin dispersion has better dispersibility.

[0020] Preferably, the filling modifier is prepared by the following method: Weigh maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin and acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion according to weight percentage, mix them evenly, then add hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, mix evenly, and obtain a treatment liquid; The flame retardant fuel and white carbon black are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; the treatment liquid is entirely added to the mixture, and the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure distillation to remove small molecular substances to obtain a filling modifier.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, in the preparation method of the filler modifier, maleic anhydride-grafted rosin resin is mixed with an acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion, and then hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber is added to form a treatment liquid. This treatment liquid can effectively promote the dispersion and compatibility of the flame retardant and silica. At the same time, the various components in the treatment liquid have good compatibility with EPDM, further improving the physical properties, flame retardancy, and weather resistance of the wire sheath. In addition, the process of removing small molecules (such as solvents) by vacuum distillation helps to form a uniform and stable filler modifier, which in turn improves the swelling resistance and aging resistance of the wire sheath in oil-containing, high-temperature environments.

[0022] Preferably, the processing aid is one or a mixture of antioxidant 264, calcium carbonate, and carbon black; and the accelerator is composed of TAIC and peroxide.

[0023] By adopting this technical solution, the processing aid, which consists of a mixture of antioxidant 264, calcium carbonate, and carbon black, effectively improves the sheath's aging resistance and mechanical strength while reducing production costs. The accelerator, composed of TAIC and peroxide, significantly enhances vulcanization efficiency and increases the sheath's crosslink density, thereby improving its oil resistance and high-temperature stability.

[0024] Secondly, a method for preparing a wire sleeve for new energy vehicles comprises weighing EPDM and a processing aid according to a weight ratio and mixing them evenly, then adding a filler and modifier in batches until they are completely mixed to obtain a rubber compound, then adding an accelerator and mixing them evenly with the rubber compound, and then curing and molding to obtain a wire sleeve.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the preparation method achieves uniform mixing of EPDM and processing aids. Filler modifiers are added in batches to ensure thorough mixing of the components, resulting in a rubber compound with stable performance. An accelerator is then added and further mixed uniformly with the rubber compound. Finally, through extrusion molding and cross-linking curing, a cable sheath with excellent physical properties, oil swelling resistance, and flame retardancy is produced. This preparation method is simple to operate and easy to control, making it suitable for industrial production and effectively improving the durability and reliability of cable sheaths under the complex operating conditions of new energy vehicles.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The interaction between hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, and acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion in the filler modifier significantly improves the oil swelling resistance of the sheath, effectively preventing cracking and breakage under high temperature and long-term oil contact conditions; 2. The flame retardant material is a compound of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride and layered silicate, which works synergistically with the acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion to form a dense carbon layer, greatly improving the flame retardancy and high temperature stability of the wire sheath; 3. The acrylic phosphate resin dispersion is made from acrylic phosphate ester, methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide, surfactant, and solvent. It contains both phosphate and siloxane groups, resulting in a synergistic flame retardant effect. This component works synergistically with the maleic anhydride-grafted rosin resin to improve the compatibility of other raw materials with EPDM and further increase the crosslink density, significantly enhancing the stability of the cable sheath in oil-containing, high-temperature environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0028] Some sources of raw materials: EPDM, Mitsui Chemicals, Japan, model 3072EM; Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, Japan Zeon HNBR2020; Maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, RM100 (maleic anhydride modified esterified rosin), Shenzhen Yipnuo Chemical Co., Ltd.; The acrylate phosphate is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate; Layered silicate, BYK CLOISITE-20A.

[0029] Preparation example of filler modifier Preparation Example 1 A filling modifier is prepared by the following method: Acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion: According to weight parts: weigh 10 parts of acrylic acid phosphate, 3.8 parts of methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, 0.1 part of benzoyl peroxide, and 5 parts of solvent (ethyl acetate), mix well, heat to 88°C, react until the peroxide is completely decomposed, then add 5 parts of solvent (ethyl acetate) and mix well to obtain acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion, which is set aside.

[0030] According to weight percentage, 3.3% of maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin and 5% of acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion were weighed and mixed evenly to obtain a treatment liquid.

[0031] According to weight percentage, 22% flame retardant fuel (nano silicon hexaboride and magnesium silicide in a weight ratio of 1:4) and 39.7% white carbon black are weighed and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture; then all the treatment liquid is added to the mixture, mixed evenly, heated to 60°C, and all the solvents are removed by vacuum distillation to obtain a surface-modified filler. The surface-modified filler and 30% hydrogenated nitrile rubber are put into an internal mixer and mixed at 120°C for 30 minutes to mix them evenly, remove the glue, and cool to 50°C to obtain a filling modifier.

[0032] The particle size of white carbon black is 1000 mesh, and the flame retardant is obtained by grinding and then sieving to 2000 mesh; Preparation Example 2 Preparation Example 2 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the amounts of raw materials used are different, specifically: 2.3% maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, 3% acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion, 40% hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 18% flame retardant fuel, and 36.7% white carbon black.

[0033] Preparation Example 3 Preparation Example 3 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the amounts of raw materials used are different, specifically: 1.3% maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin, 2% acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion, 50% hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 10% flame retardant fuel, and 36.7% white carbon black.

[0034] Preparation Example 4 The difference between Preparation Example 4 and Preparation Example 2 is that the flame retardant material is composed of magnesium silicide and layered silicate in a weight ratio of 1:4.

[0035] Preparation Example 5 The difference between Preparation Example 5 and Preparation Example 2 is that the flame retardant material is composed of layered silicate and nano-silicon hexaboride in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0036] Preparation Example 6 The difference between Preparation Example 6 and Preparation Example 2 is that the flame retardant material is composed of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate in a weight ratio of 1:3.5:2.5.

[0037] Preparation Example 7 Preparation Example 7 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that an equal amount of methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane is replaced by acrylate phosphate.

[0038] Preparation Comparative Example Preparation Comparative Example 1 The difference between Preparation Comparative Example 1 and Preparation Example 1 is that an equal amount of acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion is replaced by maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin.

[0039] Preparation Comparative Example 2 The difference between Preparation Comparative Example 2 and Preparation Example 1 is that the maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin is replaced by an acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion in equal amounts.

[0040] Preparation Comparative Example 3 The difference between Preparation Comparative Example 3 and Preparation Example 1 is that the flame retardant material is replaced with white carbon black in equal amount. Example

[0041] Example 1 A method for preparing a wire sheath for a new energy vehicle is prepared by the following method: According to weight, 100 parts of EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) and 2 parts of processing aid were weighed and put into an open mill for mixing and mixing evenly. The roller temperature was maintained at 55°C. Then 18 parts of the filling modifier obtained in Preparation Example 1 were added in 3 batches. After each mixing, another batch was added until all were added and completely mixed with EPDM to obtain a rubber compound. Then 3 parts of accelerator were added and mixed evenly with the rubber compound. The obtained mixture was then put into a mold and cured and molded at a temperature of 153°C for 5 minutes. The pressure of the mold was 50 MPa to obtain a wire sleeve.

[0042] The processing aid is composed of antioxidant 264 and carbon black in a weight ratio of 1:1; the accelerator is composed of TAIC (triallyl isocyanurate) and benzoyl peroxide in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0043] Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the amounts of raw materials used are different, specifically as follows: 100 parts of EPDM, 2 parts of processing aid, 20 parts of the filling modifier obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 1 part of accelerator.

[0044] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the amounts of raw materials used are different, specifically as follows: 100 parts of EPDM, 3 parts of processing aid, 25 parts of the filler modifier obtained in Preparation Example 1, and 3 parts of accelerator.

[0045] Examples 4-9 The difference between Examples 4-9 and Example 2 is that the sources of the filling modifier are different, as shown in Table 1; Table 1 Sources of filler modifiers for Examples 2, 4-9 Example Sources of filler modifiers Example 2 Preparation Example 1 Example 4 Preparation Example 2 Example 5 Preparation Example 3 Example 6 Preparation Example 4 Example 7 Preparation Example 5 Example 8 Preparation Example 6 Example 9 Preparation Example 7 Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that the filling modifier obtained in Comparative Example 1 is used.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that the filling modifier obtained in Comparative Example 2 is used.

[0047] Comparative Example 3 The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that the filling modifier obtained in Comparative Example 3 is used.

[0048] Performance testing Detection method / test method Experimental test (1): 1. Flame retardant properties: Oxygen index was tested in accordance with GB / T 10707-2008 "Determination of combustion properties of rubber." Test sample: The mixtures obtained in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were placed in a mold and cured at 153°C for 5 minutes to obtain test samples for the above standard test.

[0049] 2. Mechanical Properties: Tear strength was tested with reference to GB / T 529-2008. For the test sample, the mixtures obtained in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were placed in a mold and cured at 155° C. for 5 minutes to obtain the test sample used for the above standard test.

[0050] Experimental test (2) Weathering test: The test sample obtained in Experimental Test (I) 2 was immersed in engine oil at a temperature of 100°C for 7 days. After being taken out, the engine oil on the surface was cleaned and then air-dried before the tear strength test was performed. The test method was the same as that of Experimental Test (I).

[0051] The above experiment was tested 3 times and the average value was taken, as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Experimental data of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 Combining Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and Table 2, it can be seen that the oxygen index and tear strength of Comparative Examples 1-3 are lower than those of Example 1, and the tear strength after the weathering test is greatly reduced, indicating that the filling modifier prepared by the present application has better flame retardant properties and physical properties when used in EPDM rubber, has better tolerance to oil-containing and high-temperature environments, and improves the practicality and durability of the wire sheath prepared therefrom.

[0052] Combining Example 8 and Example 4 and Table 2, it can be seen that the oxygen index and tear strength of Example 4 are lower than those of Example 8, and the tear strength of Example 4 after the weathering test is greatly reduced, indicating that magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate play a synergistic role, and are combined with other materials in the filling modifier to further improve the comprehensive performance of the wire sleeve.

[0053] Combining Example 2 and Example 9 and Table 2, it can be seen that the oxygen index and tear strength of Example 9 are lower than those of Example 2, and the tear strength of Example 2 after the weathering test is greatly reduced, indicating that the acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion prepared by the present application has better performance and further improves the comprehensive performance of the wire sheath.

[0054] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A wire sleeve for new energy vehicles, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: EPDM: 100 parts Accelerator: 1-3 parts Processing aids: 1-3 parts Filling modifier: 18-25 parts; The filler modifier comprises the following weight percentages: Flame retardant 10-22% Hydrogenated nitrile rubber 30-50% Maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin 1.3-3.2% Acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion 2-5% The balance is white carbon black; The flame retardant material is a mixture of magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride and layered silicate.

2. A wire sheath for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant material consists of dimagnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride and layered silicate.

3. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weights of the magnesium silicide, nano silicon hexaboride, and layered silicate are respectively denoted as a1, a2, and a3, and 21>a3>a1.

4. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the white carbon black is larger than that of the flame retardant material.

5. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the white carbon black is ≥800 mesh.

6. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion is prepared from acrylic acid ester phosphoric acid ester, methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide and solvent.

7. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion is prepared by the following method: Acrylate phosphate, methacryloyloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane, peroxide, and 1 / 2 solvent were weighed and mixed evenly, heated to react until the peroxide was completely decomposed, and then 1 / 2 solvent was added and mixed evenly to obtain an acrylic acid phosphate resin dispersion.

8. A wire sheath for a new energy vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The filling modifier is prepared by the following method: Weigh maleic anhydride grafted rosin resin and acrylic acid phosphoric acid resin dispersion according to weight percentage, mix them evenly, then add hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber, mix evenly, and obtain a treatment liquid; The flame retardant fuel and white carbon black are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture; the treatment liquid is added to the mixture, and the solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a surface modified filler; the surface modified filler is mixed uniformly with hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber to obtain a filling modifier.

9. The wire sleeve for new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing aid is one or a mixture of antioxidant 264, calcium carbonate, and carbon black; and the accelerator is composed of TAIC and peroxide.

10. A method for preparing a wire sheath for new energy vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: According to the weight ratio, EPDM and processing aid are weighed and mixed evenly, and then the filler modifier is added in batches until it is completely mixed to obtain a rubber compound, and then the accelerator is added and mixed evenly with the rubber compound, and then cured and formed to obtain a wire sleeve.

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