Power assembly and electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a power assembly and an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, the power assembly comprises a driving motor and an oil pump, the oil pump is used for driving oil to flow in an oil cooling loop of the power assembly so as to cool a stator and a rotor of the driving motor, and the power assembly comprises a valve; the valve is used for switching oil liquid to exchange heat through the heat exchanger of the power assembly or pass through the heat exchanger, and the oil liquid driven by the oil pump passes through the heat exchanger and cools the stator and the rotor respectively. According to the power assembly, the oil way is switched through the valve, when the external environment temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started, oil of the power assembly flows to the stator and the rotor of the motor through the heat exchanger, the stator can be quickly started, a rotor bearing can be lubricated, and the service life of the motor is prolonged. The motor dragging loss and the oil stirring energy loss can be reduced under the condition that the loss of an oil liquid dragging motor with large viscosity is reduced under the low-temperature condition, the power assembly efficiency is improved, and therefore the cruising ability of the whole vehicle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and in particular to a powertrain and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles rely on a powertrain as their power source, converting the electrical energy in the battery into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle forward. Currently, the powertrain of electric vehicles is developing towards higher speeds, miniaturization, and a high degree of integration. In terms of thermal management system design, oil cooling is often used to cool the powertrain's motor.

[0003] However, as the temperature drops, the viscosity of the powertrain lubricant increases exponentially. Therefore, at low temperatures, the gearbox will suffer large oil churning losses and low efficiency, which is not conducive to the vehicle's endurance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a powertrain and an electric vehicle. In a first aspect, the powertrain includes a drive motor and an oil pump, wherein the oil pump is used to drive oil to flow in an oil cooling circuit of the powertrain to cool the stator and rotor of the drive motor, wherein: the powertrain includes a valve, wherein the valve is used to be connected to the oil cooling circuit, the valve is used to receive the oil output by the oil pump, to switch the oil to pass through the heat exchanger of the powertrain for heat exchange or to bypass the heat exchanger, and to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and cool the stator and the rotor respectively.

[0005] The powertrain provided in the present application switches the oil circuit through a valve. When the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started, the oil of the powertrain bypasses the heat exchanger and flows to the stator and rotor of the motor respectively, which is conducive to quickly starting the stator and lubricating the rotor bearings. It can reduce the loss of the motor dragged by the oil with higher viscosity and the energy loss of stirring the oil under low temperature conditions, improve the efficiency of the powertrain, and thus improve the endurance of the entire vehicle.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the valve core of the valve is used to move within the channel of the valve to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to exchange heat through the heat exchanger of the powertrain or bypass the heat exchanger, and the valve is used to move to a predetermined position within the channel to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and flow to the stator and rotor of the drive motor respectively.

[0007] In the embodiments of the present application, a valve core is provided in the valve, enabling the core to move within the valve channel, thereby enabling switching between different operating modes of the powertrain. This mode can be switched to achieve different operating conditions simply by configuring the valve and the core, without the need for additional control valves. This simplifies operation and maintenance, and facilitates miniaturization of the powertrain.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the side wall of the channel of the valve includes multiple openings, one opening is used to connect to the oil outlet of the oil pump, another opening is used to receive the oil heat exchanged by the heat exchanger, the third opening outputs oil to the stator, and the fourth opening is used to output oil to the rotor. The other opening, the fourth opening and the one opening are used to be arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the channel, and the third opening is located between the one opening and the fourth opening or on the side of the one opening away from the fourth opening.

[0009] In the embodiment of the present application, the movement of the valve core is sliding in the channel, and multiple openings are staggered to achieve switching between different working conditions, which is conducive to precise control of the oil circuit.

[0010] In one possible implementation, along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve core is less than the sum of the length of the fourth opening and the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel, and one end of the channel is used to be located on the same side of the fourth opening as the other opening.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, another opening, a fourth opening, a third opening and an opening are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the channel. By setting the length of the valve core to be less than the sum of the length of the fourth opening and the length of the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel, when the valve core moves to one end of the channel, it is ensured that the oil can pass through the fourth opening to cool and lubricate the rotor of the motor.

[0012] In a possible implementation, along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve core is less than or equal to the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, another opening, a fourth opening, a third opening and an opening are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the channel. By setting the length of the valve core to be less than or equal to the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel, when the valve core moves to one end of the channel, there is no intersection between the valve core and the fourth opening, and the fourth opening maintains a state of circulating oil. The oil can cool and lubricate the rotor of the motor through the fourth opening.

[0014] In a possible implementation, a length of the valve core of the valve along the axial direction of the channel is greater than or equal to a length of at least one of the third opening and the fourth opening.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the valve core is set to a length greater than or equal to the length of at least one of the third opening and the fourth opening along the axial direction of the channel, so that the valve core can block at least one of the third and fourth openings to achieve switching between different working conditions.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the other opening is used to penetrate the axial side wall of the valve, and along the radial direction of the channel, the length of the other opening is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the channel.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, another opening is provided at one end of the valve, which is beneficial to reducing the total length of the valve. By setting the length of the other opening along the radial direction of the channel to be smaller than the inner diameter of the channel, the length of the other opening is prevented from being too long, causing oil leakage and affecting the operation of the valve.

[0018] In a possible implementation, along the radial direction of the channel, an inner diameter of the other opening is greater than or equal to an outer diameter of the valve core.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, another opening is provided at one end of the valve, and the inner diameter of the other opening is set to be smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the valve core along the radial direction of the channel to prevent the length of the other opening from being too long, resulting in the valve core being unable to completely close the other opening, thereby causing oil leakage and affecting the working efficiency of the valve.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the other opening is used to penetrate a radial side wall of the channel, and a length of the valve core along the axial direction of the channel is greater than a length of the other opening.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present application, another opening is provided on the side wall of the valve, that is, a plurality of openings can be arranged in sequence on the side wall of the valve, which is conducive to the uniform circulation of oil, reduces turbulence and local high-speed impact, and prevents excessive energy loss. The length of the valve core is set to be greater than the length of the other opening, that is, it can block the other opening to prevent the phenomenon of all four openings flowing, which causes the thermal management system to fail.

[0022] In one possible implementation, along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve is greater than or equal to the sum of the distance between the other opening and one end of the channel and the length of the other opening, and one end of the channel and the other opening are located on the same side of the fourth opening.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present application, by setting the length of the valve core to be greater than or equal to the sum of the distance length between another opening and one end of the channel and the length of the other opening, the valve core completely closes the other opening while preventing the fourth opening from being completely closed, so as to achieve the second working condition of the powertrain, and the oil can simultaneously cool and lubricate the stator and rotor of the motor, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain.

[0024] In a possible implementation, along the axial direction of the power assembly, the length of the valve core of the valve is less than or equal to the distance between any two adjacent openings.

[0025] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the length of the valve core to be less than or equal to the distance between any two adjacent openings, the four openings are kept in a state of oil circulation. At this time, the valve core is used for dynamic adjustment, which is beneficial to reduce flow resistance. The design structure of the four openings is simple and the layout is compact. The low-temperature oil of the heat exchanger is preferentially supplied to the rotor, and the oil of the oil pump is preferentially supplied to the stator, so as to prevent the stator from contacting the high-temperature oil heated by the rotor.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the length of the valve core along the axial direction of the channel is less than the sum of the length of the third opening, the length of the fourth opening, and the distance between the third opening and the fourth opening.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the length of the valve core to be smaller than the sum of the length of the third opening, the length of the fourth opening and the length of the spacing between the third opening and the fourth opening, the valve core design should not be too long, so as to avoid the valve core length being too long resulting in the complete closure of the third opening and the fourth opening at the same time, thereby preventing the oil from being unable to flow to the rotor and stator of the motor, causing damage to the rotor and stator of the motor.

[0028] In a possible implementation, there is one valve core, and along the axial direction of the channel, one valve core is used to move to different positions to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to pass through or skip the heat exchange oil path of the powertrain.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting a valve core to achieve switching between different working conditions, it is easier to control and reduces processing and assembly costs. When the number of valve cores is one, the volume of the valve can be reduced while ensuring the oil flow rate, which is beneficial to reducing the failure rate of the powertrain and avoiding failure of switching conditions due to wear of the connecting shaft.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electric vehicle comprising wheels and a powertrain as described above, the powertrain being configured to drive the wheels. By providing a valve on the powertrain, the valve switches the oil circuit, directing oil driven by an oil pump to flow to the stator and rotor of the powertrain's motor, respectively, enabling the powertrain to have different operating modes. This reduces motor drag loss and oil churning energy loss under low-temperature conditions, improves powertrain efficiency, and thereby enhances vehicle endurance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control system architecture of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 31 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the first working condition provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application in the first working condition;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the second working condition provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the second working condition provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a valve of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 9 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 10 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 11 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 12 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 13 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 14 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 15 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 16 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 17 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 18is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 19 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 20 is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 21 This is another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0053] Electric vehicles use a powertrain as a source of power, which converts the electrical energy in the battery into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle forward. Currently, the powertrain of electric vehicles is developing towards higher speed, miniaturization, and a high degree of integration. In terms of thermal management system design, under high-temperature conditions, the motor temperature rises during vehicle operation. Oil-cooling heat exchange is typically used to cool the powertrain motor. However, under low-temperature conditions, when the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started, the oil in the powertrain, after heat exchange through the heat exchanger, is low in temperature and has a high viscosity. Therefore, low temperatures can lead to large oil churning losses in the gearbox, resulting in low efficiency and a negative impact on the vehicle's range.

[0054] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a powertrain, which includes a drive motor and an oil pump. The oil pump is used to drive the oil to flow in the oil cooling circuit of the powertrain to cool the stator and rotor of the drive motor, wherein: the powertrain includes a valve, the valve is used to be connected to the oil cooling circuit, the valve is used to receive the oil output by the oil pump, to switch the oil to pass through the heat exchanger of the powertrain for heat exchange or to bypass the heat exchanger, and to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and cool the stator and rotor respectively.

[0055] The powertrain provided in this application switches the oil circuit through a valve, directing the oil driven by the oil pump to flow to the stator and rotor of the powertrain motor respectively, so that the powertrain has different operating modes. Under high-temperature conditions, when the vehicle is running, the motor temperature rises, and the oil in the powertrain exchanges heat through the heat exchanger and flows to the stator and rotor of the motor respectively, cooling and lubricating the stator and rotor of the motor. When the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started, the powertrain is in a low-temperature condition, and the oil in the powertrain bypasses the heat exchanger and flows to the stator and rotor of the motor respectively. The oil temperature is high and does not need to be cooled by the heat exchanger, which is conducive to quickly driving the motor and preventing the low temperature from affecting the start of the drive motor. In addition, the oil in the powertrain bypasses the heat exchanger and directly supplies oil to the rotor to lubricate the rotor bearings, reducing mechanical wear, reducing the load on the oil pump, and saving energy. This design can prevent the oil viscosity from further decreasing under low-temperature conditions, reduce the loss of the motor dragged by the oil with high viscosity and the energy loss of oil stirring, improve the efficiency of the powertrain, and thus improve the endurance of the vehicle.

[0056] The present invention provides an electric vehicle, which includes two-wheeled, three-wheeled, or four-wheeled vehicles. In the present invention, the electric vehicle includes a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), and a range-extended electric vehicle (REEV).

[0057] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the electric vehicle includes a powertrain 10, a frame 20, and a power battery 30. The frame 20 is used to secure the power battery 30 and the powertrain 10. As the structural framework of the electric vehicle, the frame 20 supports and securely connects the powertrain 10 and the power battery 30, withstanding loads from the vehicle's internal and external environments. The powertrain 10 receives electrical energy from the power battery 30 and converts it into mechanical energy to drive the wheels 40.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control system architecture of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 2As shown, the powertrain 10 is a highly integrated, all-in-one structure, comprising a drive motor 1, a motor controller 2, an oil pump 3, an oil sump 4, and a heat exchanger 5. The motor controller 2 includes a microcontroller unit (MCU), which performs multiple functions, including motor control, energy conversion, and thermal management. The drive motor 1 comprises a stator 101 and a rotor 102. The oil after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 5 dissipates heat and lubricates the stator 101 and rotor 102. The oil sump 4 eventually recovers the oil flowing out of the stator 101 and rotor 102 for the next cycle. The oil stored in the oil sump 4 also lubricates the reducer in the gearbox, ensuring stable operation of the powertrain. The oil pump 3 is located between the oil sump 4 and the heat exchanger 5. The oil pump 3 drives the oil stored in the oil sump 4 to flow to the stator 101 and rotor 102 of the motor, providing cooling and lubrication for these two components. This highly integrated structure optimizes the spatial layout of the powertrain, improving transmission efficiency and system reliability while reducing volume and weight. In one embodiment, the oil includes lubricating oil or cooling oil. In one embodiment, there are multiple heat exchangers, and the multiple heat exchangers together constitute a heat exchanger module. In one embodiment, the oil pan 4 includes at least a portion of the reducer cavity formed by the housing of the powertrain and the reducer end cover, which is used to recover the oil after lubrication and cooling of the drive motor and reduction gear, and collect the oil for recovery by the oil pump 3 to form circulating lubrication and cooling.

[0059] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a valve of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] In one embodiment, the powertrain includes a drive motor and an oil pump, the oil pump is used to drive oil to flow in the oil cooling circuit of the powertrain to cool the stator and rotor of the drive motor, wherein: the powertrain includes a valve, the valve is used to be connected to the oil cooling circuit, the valve is used to receive the oil output by the oil pump, is used to switch the oil to pass through the heat exchanger of the powertrain for heat exchange or bypass the heat exchanger, and is used to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and cool the stator and rotor respectively.

[0061] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 3As shown, the powertrain 10 also includes a valve 11. Valve 11 is used to receive the oil output by the oil pump 3 and switch the flow direction of the oil, so that the powertrain 10 can operate under different operating conditions. Taking the powertrain valve 11 as a four-way valve as an example, the four-way valve is only one embodiment for explanation. In actual applications, the powertrain valve is not limited to a four-way valve. For example, other valves that can switch the oil driven by the oil pump to pass through the powertrain heat exchanger or bypass the heat exchanger are all within the scope of protection of this application. In the embodiment of the present application, the operating conditions of the powertrain 10 include a first operating condition and a second operating condition. The flow direction of the oil output by the oil pump 3 is switched by valve 11 to enable the powertrain 10 to operate in the first operating condition and the second operating condition.

[0062] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain provided in the first working condition in an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 As shown, the powertrain 10 is in the first operating condition. At this time, the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started. The powertrain is in a low-temperature operating condition, and the oil resistance is large, resulting in large gearbox oil stirring losses. It is necessary to reduce the motor drag loss and oil stirring energy loss. The flow direction of the oil output by the oil pump 3 is switched by the valve 11, so that the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor to lubricate the stator 101 of the motor. Since the oil in the oil pan 4 will not pass through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, it is beneficial to quickly reach and lubricate the stator 101 of the motor. The temperature of the oil that has not been heated by the heat exchanger is relatively high, which is beneficial to preheating the electronic stator 101 faster and making it reach the operating temperature. If the ambient temperature is low, the oil temperature approaches the ambient temperature after being left for a long time, the viscosity of the oil is large, the oil output of the oil pump 3 is small, and the stator 101 will quickly overheat without oil cooling. When the oil does not pass through the heat exchanger, the temperature rises faster and the system flow resistance is smaller, which is beneficial to increase the oil output of the oil pump 3, thereby facilitating the starting of the stator 101. In the initial startup state of the powertrain, the rotor 102 rotates at a low speed, and the retained oil can meet the current lubrication needs. The valve controls the oil to enter the stator 101 without passing through the rotor 102 of the motor, thereby improving the lubrication and cooling effect on the stator 101 and improving the operating efficiency of the powertrain 10 in the initial startup state.

[0064] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the first working condition provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] In one embodiment, see Figure 5As shown, the powertrain 10 is in the first operating condition. At this time, the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started. The powertrain is in a low-temperature operating condition, and the oil resistance is large, resulting in large gearbox oil stirring losses. It is necessary to reduce the motor drag loss and oil stirring energy loss. By switching the flow direction of the oil output by the oil pump 3 through the valve 11, the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, and lubricates the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor at the same time. Since the oil in the oil pan 4 does not pass through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, it is beneficial to quickly reach and lubricate the stator 101 of the motor. The temperature of the oil that has not passed through the heat exchanger is higher, which is beneficial to faster preheating of the electronic stator 101 to make it reach the operating temperature; if the ambient temperature is low, the oil temperature approaches the ambient temperature after being left for a long time, the viscosity of the oil is high, the oil delivery volume of the oil pump 3 is small, and the stator 101 will quickly overheat without oil cooling. When the oil does not pass through the heat exchanger, the temperature rises faster and the system flow resistance is smaller, which is beneficial to increase the oil delivery volume of the oil pump 3, thereby facilitating the starting of the stator 101. In one embodiment, when the powertrain 10 is in this working condition, the speed of the rotor 102 increases to require more lubricating oil for lubrication and cooling. The oil in the oil pan 4 can directly supply lubrication to the stator 101 and the rotor 102, reducing mechanical wear, and the higher temperature oil flows to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 at the same time, reducing the viscosity of the oil, which is beneficial to accelerate the preheating of the entire motor, and is beneficial for the motor stator 101 and the rotor 102 to reach the optimal operating temperature range synchronously, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the second working condition provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0067] In one embodiment, see Figure 6 As shown, the powertrain 10 is in the second operating state. At this time, the vehicle has been running for a period of time, and the temperature of the motor in the powertrain 10 is relatively high. The temperature of the motor stator 101 and the motor rotor 102 are also relatively high, requiring heat dissipation. At this time, the flow direction of the oil output by the oil pump 3 is switched via valve 11. The oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 through the heat exchange oil circuit of the heat exchanger 5 to cool it down. The cooled low-temperature oil then flows to the motor stator 101 and the motor rotor 102, respectively, dissipating heat and lubricating the motor stator 101 and rotor 102. This helps to suppress the temperature rise of the motor stator 101 and rotor 102, ensures that the powertrain 10 is in a safe operating state, and improves the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0068] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of the working principle of the powertrain in the second working condition provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0069] In one embodiment, see Figure 7 As shown, the powertrain 10 is in the second operating state. At this time, the vehicle has been running for a period of time, and the temperature of the motor in the powertrain 10 is high. The speed of the motor rotor 102 is too high, and the friction is too great, resulting in a high temperature of the motor rotor 102, which needs to be cooled. At this time, the flow direction of the oil output by the oil pump 3 is switched by the valve 11, so that the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5. The cooled low-temperature oil flows to the motor rotor 102. The oil flow rate and flow rate of the oil flowing to the motor rotor 102 are relatively high, which is conducive to improving the lubrication efficiency of the rotor 102. At the same time, it can also dissipate heat for the motor rotor 102, which is conducive to suppressing the temperature rise of the rotor 102, improving the cooling efficiency of the rotor 102, ensuring that the powertrain 10 is in a safe operating state, and improving the efficiency of the powertrain 100.

[0070] The powertrain 10 provided in the present application switches the oil circuit through the valve 11. When the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started, the oil of the powertrain 10 bypasses the heat exchanger 5 and flows to the stator 101 and rotor 102 of the motor respectively, which is conducive to quickly starting the stator 101, lubricating the bearings of the rotor 102, and accelerating the preheating of the entire motor. It is conducive to making the motor stator 101 and rotor 102 reach the optimal operating temperature range synchronously, and can reduce the loss of the motor dragged by the oil with higher viscosity and the energy loss of stirring the oil under low temperature conditions, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10 and thus improving the endurance of the entire vehicle.

[0071] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a valve of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0072] In one embodiment, the valve core of the valve is used to move within the valve channel to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to exchange heat through the heat exchanger of the powertrain or bypass the heat exchanger, and the valve is used to move to a predetermined position within the channel to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and flow to the stator and rotor of the drive motor respectively.

[0073] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the valve 11 of the power assembly 10 encloses a channel 12, and the valve 11 also includes a valve core 13. The valve core 13 is accommodated in the channel of the valve 11, wherein the valve core 13 can reciprocate along the axial direction of the channel of the valve 11 to place the power assembly 10 in different working conditions. In one embodiment, the movement of the valve core 13 in the channel is to rotate or slide to reach a predetermined position in the channel. In one embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown, the length of the valve core 13 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the length of the channel 12 of the valve 11, so as to enable the valve core 13 to move within the channel and prevent the valve core 13 from rolling or sliding, which would cause the valve 11 to fail. In one embodiment, the valve 11 of the power assembly 10 is cylindrical in shape, but other shapes are also possible. In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the valve 11 is cylindrical.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, when the powertrain 10 operates under the first operating condition or the second operating condition, the valve core 13 reciprocates along the axial direction of the valve channel 11 to a predetermined position, thereby performing different forms of lubrication and cooling according to different operating conditions of the powertrain 10.

[0075] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the side wall of the valve channel includes multiple openings, one of which is used to connect to the oil outlet of the oil pump, another opening is used to receive the oil heat exchanged by the heat exchanger, the third opening outputs the oil to the stator, and the fourth opening is used to output the oil to the rotor. Another opening, the fourth opening and one opening are arranged in an axial direction of the channel at intervals, and the third opening is located between the first opening and the fourth opening or on the side of the first opening away from the fourth opening.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8As shown, the valve 11 includes four openings, namely: an opening 111 , another opening 112 , a third opening 113 and a fourth opening 114 . The four openings are all located on the side wall of the passage of the valve 11 . Among them, one opening 111 is directly connected to the oil outlet of the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10, and the oil output by the oil pump 3 directly enters the one opening 111 without passing through the heat exchanger for heat exchange; another opening 112 is connected to one end of the heat exchange oil circuit of the heat exchanger, and is used to receive the oil heat exchanged by the heat exchanger. The other end of the heat exchange oil circuit of the heat exchanger is connected to the oil outlet of the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10, and part of the oil output by the oil pump 3 enters the other opening 112 after heat exchange by the heat exchanger; the third opening 113 is connected to the motor cavity of the power assembly 10 for accommodating the stator 101, so that the oil can flow to the stator 101 through the third opening 113 to cool and lubricate the stator 101 of the motor; the fourth opening 114 is connected to the motor cavity of the power assembly 10 for accommodating the rotor 102, so that the oil can flow to the stator 101 through the third opening 113 to cool and lubricate the rotor 102 of the motor. In one embodiment, the four openings of the valve 11 are circular or square in shape. In the embodiment of the present application, the shapes of the first opening 111, the second opening 112, the third opening 113, and the fourth opening 114 are square. In one embodiment, the first opening 111, the second opening 112, the third opening 113, and the fourth opening 114 are the same shape.

[0077] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 in the axial direction of the channel. The other opening 112, the fourth opening 114 and the opening 111 are staggered and have no intersection with each other, thereby realizing the reciprocating movement of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the valve 11 channel to place the power assembly 10 in different working conditions. In the embodiment of the present application, continue to refer to Figure 8 As shown, the third opening 113 is located between the first opening 111 and the fourth opening 114. That is, along the axial direction of the channel, the first opening 111, the third opening 113, and the fourth opening 114 are sequentially spaced apart on the channel sidewall of the valve 11. This helps save layout space for the valve 11, making the opening layout of the valve 11 more compact, reducing the volume of the valve 11, and making the valve 11 more portable. In one embodiment, the third opening 113 is located on the side of the first opening 111 away from the fourth opening 114. That is, along the axial direction of the channel, the first opening 111, the fourth opening 114, and the third opening 113 are sequentially spaced apart on the channel sidewall of the valve 11.

[0078] Figure 9Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0079] In one embodiment, see Figure 9 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve core 13 is less than the sum of the length of the fourth opening 114 and the distance between the fourth opening 114 and one end of the channel, and the one end of the channel is used to be located on the same side of the fourth opening 114 as the other opening 112.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 9 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel, the third opening 113 is located between the first opening 111 and the fourth opening 114, and one end of the channel and the second opening 112 are located on the same side of the fourth opening 114. That is, along the axial direction of the channel 12, the second opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the first opening 111 are arranged in sequence. The length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is less than the sum of the length of the fourth opening 114 and the distance between the fourth opening 114 and one end of the channel adjacent to the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves to the end of the channel 12 where the second opening 112 is provided, one end of the valve core 13 abuts against one end of the valve 11, and the valve core 13 at least partially closes the fourth opening 114. The fourth opening 114 can still allow some oil to flow through, ensuring that the oil can cool and lubricate the rotor 102 of the motor through the fourth opening 114.

[0081] In one embodiment, the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 are located on the sidewall of the same side of the channel along the axial direction of the channel. The third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 are arranged in sequence, and the oil flows from the same side to the motor stator 101 and rotor 102 to cool and lubricate the stator 101 and rotor 102. This facilitates more uniform flow of oil in the channel 12 and reduces fluid pressure loss. The third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 are arranged on the same side for ease of processing and manufacturing. In one embodiment, the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 are located on the sidewalls of opposite sides of the channel along the axial direction of the channel. The third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 are arranged in sequence, and the oil flows from both sides to the motor stator 101 and rotor 102 to cool and lubricate the stator 101 and rotor 102. This facilitates improved oil distribution accuracy and avoids deviation in oil flow distribution between the stator 101 and rotor 102 caused by oil flowing from the same side.

[0082] Figure 10 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0083] In one embodiment, see Figure 10As shown, along the axial direction of the channel 12 , the length of the valve core 13 is less than or equal to the distance between the fourth opening 114 and one end of the channel 12 .

[0084] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 10 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel, the third opening 113 is located between the first opening 111 and the fourth opening 114, and one end of the channel and the second opening 112 are located on the same side of the fourth opening 114. That is, along the axial direction of the channel 12, the second opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the first opening 111 are arranged in sequence. Along the axial direction of the channel 12, the length of the valve core 13 is less than the length of the fourth opening 114 and the distance between the fourth opening 114 and the end of the channel adjacent to the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves to the end of the channel 12 where the second opening 112 is located, one end of the valve core 13 abuts against one end of the valve 11, while the other end of the valve core 13, which is located opposite the first end, does not contact the fourth opening 114. That is, the valve core 13 does not close the fourth opening 114, and the fourth opening 114 remains in a state of oil circulation. At this time, when the powertrain 10 is in the first working condition, the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, and lubricates the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor at the same time; since the oil in the oil pan 4 will not pass through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, it is beneficial to quickly reach and lubricate the stator 101 of the motor. The temperature of the oil that has not passed through the heat exchanger is higher, which is beneficial to preheating the electronic stator 101 faster and making it reach the operating temperature. If the ambient temperature is low, the oil temperature approaches the ambient temperature after being left for a long time, the viscosity of the oil is large, the oil delivery volume of the oil pump 3 is small, and the stator 101 will quickly overheat without oil cooling. When the oil does not pass through the heat exchanger, the temperature rises faster and the system flow resistance is smaller, which is beneficial to increase the oil delivery volume of the oil pump 3, thereby facilitating the start-up of the stator 101. At the same time, the fourth opening 114 maintains oil flow, allowing the oil in the oil pan 4 to directly supply the rotor 102 to lubricate the rotor 102 bearings, reducing mechanical wear. Furthermore, the higher-temperature oil flows simultaneously to the stator 101 and rotor 102, reducing the oil viscosity. This helps accelerate the warm-up of the entire motor, allowing the stator 101 and rotor 102 to reach their optimal operating temperature range simultaneously, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0085] In one embodiment, along the axial direction of the channel, the third opening 113 is located between one opening 111 and the fourth opening 114, and one end of the channel and the other opening 112 are located on the same side of the fourth opening 114, that is, along the axial direction of the channel 12, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 are arranged in sequence, and the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the sum of the length of the fourth opening 114 and the distance between the fourth opening 114 and one end of the channel adjacent to the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves to the end of the channel 12 where the other opening 112 is set, one end of the valve core 13 abuts against one end of the valve 11, and the other end of the valve core 13 abuts against one end of the fourth opening 114. The valve core 13 will not close the fourth opening 114.

[0086] Figure 11 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 12 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, refer to Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the valve core length of the valve along the axial direction of the channel is greater than or equal to the length of at least one of the third opening and the fourth opening.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 11 As shown, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel is greater than the length of the fourth opening 114. When the power assembly 10 is in the first working condition, the valve core 13 can completely close the fourth opening 114. At this time, the rotor 102 of the motor does not flow with oil, and the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor to lubricate the stator 101 of the motor.

[0088] In one embodiment, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the passage is equal to the length of the fourth opening 114. When the power assembly 10 is in the first operating state, the two ends of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the passage abut against the two ends of the fourth opening 114, respectively, and the valve core 13 can completely close the fourth opening 114.

[0089] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 12As shown, the length of the valve core along the axial direction of the channel is greater than the length of the third opening 113. When the power assembly 10 is in the second working condition, the valve core 13 can completely close the third opening 113. At this time, the stator 101 of the motor does not flow with oil. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5. The cooled low-temperature oil then flows to the stator 101 of the motor and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, while dissipating heat and lubricating the stator 101 and rotor 102 of the motor, which is beneficial to suppressing the temperature rise of the stator 101 and rotor 102 of the motor, ensuring that the power assembly 10 is in a safe working state, and improving the efficiency of the power assembly 10.

[0090] In one embodiment, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel is equal to the length of the third opening 113. When the power assembly 10 is in the second working condition, the two ends of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel are respectively abutted against the two ends of the third opening 113. When the length of the valve core 13 is the shortest, the third opening 113 can be completely closed, thereby reducing the switching path length of the valve core 13 and improving the switching speed.

[0091] Figure 13 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0092] In one embodiment, see Figure 13 As shown, another opening 112 is used to penetrate the axial side wall of the valve 11 , and the length of the other opening 112 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the channel 12 .

[0093] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 13 As shown, the passage of valve 11 has two oppositely disposed ends along the axial direction of passage 12. Another opening 112 and an opening 111 are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the passage of valve 11. Both another opening 112 and an opening 111 are configured to penetrate the axial sidewall of valve 11. The arrangement of another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and one opening 111 in sequence along the axial direction of passage 12 facilitates reducing the overall length of valve 11. Furthermore, during movement of valve core 13 within the passage, valve core 13 is ensured to block at least one opening 111 and another opening 112 located at the ends of valve 11, thereby improving the accuracy of oil circuit switching and enhancing the operating efficiency of powertrain 10.

[0094] In one embodiment, the passage of valve 11 has two opposing ends along the axial direction of passage 12. Another opening 112 is provided at one end of valve 11, extending through the axial sidewall of valve 11. Another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and a single opening 111 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of passage 12. The provision of another opening 112 at one end of valve 11 helps reduce the overall length of valve 11. Furthermore, the provision of another opening 112 improves the sealing performance of valve spool 13 against another opening 112 during movement of valve spool 13 within the passage, thereby improving the accuracy of oil circuit switching and the operating efficiency of powertrain 10.

[0095] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 13 As shown, the length of the other opening 112 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the channel 12 , so as to prevent the other opening 112 from being too long, causing oil leakage and affecting the operation of the valve 11 .

[0096] In one embodiment, the channel of the valve 11 has two oppositely arranged ends along the axial direction of the channel 12, and an opening 111 is provided at one end of the valve 11 for penetrating the axial side wall of the valve 11. The length of an opening 111 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is less than the inner diameter of the channel 12 to prevent the length of an opening 111 from being too long, resulting in oil leakage and affecting the operation of the valve 11.

[0097] In one embodiment, the length of the other opening 112 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the inner diameter of the channel 12 to prevent the other opening 112 from being too long, causing oil leakage and affecting the operation of the valve 11 .

[0098] In one embodiment, the channel of valve 11 has two opposite ends along the axial direction of channel 12. Another opening 112 and one opening 111 are respectively provided at opposite ends of the channel of valve 11. Both the other opening 112 and the opening 111 are configured to penetrate the axial sidewall of valve 11. Along the axial direction of channel 12, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the first opening 111 are sequentially arranged. Along the radial direction of channel 12, the length of the other opening 112 is less than the inner diameter of channel 12, and the length of one opening 111 is equal to the length of the other opening 112. This allows valve core 13 to completely close either the other opening 112 or the first opening 111 during movement within channel 12.

[0099] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 13 As shown, the inner diameter of the other opening 112 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the valve core 13 .

[0100] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 13 As shown, the channel of valve 11 has two oppositely disposed ends along the axial direction of channel 12. Another opening 112 is provided at one end of valve 11, extending through the axial sidewall of valve 11. Along the axial direction of channel 12, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and one opening 111 are arranged sequentially. Along the radial direction of channel 12, the inner diameter of another opening 112 is smaller than the outer diameter of valve core 13. This prevents another opening 112 from being too long, which could result in the valve core 13 being unable to fully close another opening 112 and thus causing oil leakage, thereby affecting the operating efficiency of valve 11.

[0101] In one embodiment, the channel of the valve 11 has two oppositely arranged ends along the axial direction of the channel 12, and an opening 111 is provided at one end of the valve 11 for penetrating the axial side wall of the valve 11. The inner diameter of the opening 111 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the valve core 13 to prevent the length of the opening 111 from being too long, resulting in the valve core 13 being unable to completely close the opening 111, thereby causing oil leakage and affecting the working efficiency of the valve 11.

[0102] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the other opening 112 along the radial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the outer diameter of the valve core 13 to prevent the other opening 112 from being too long, causing oil leakage and affecting the operation of the valve 11.

[0103] In one embodiment, the channel of valve 11 has two oppositely disposed ends along the axial direction of channel 12. Another opening 112 and one opening 111 are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the channel of valve 11. Both another opening 112 and one opening 111 are configured to penetrate the axial sidewall of valve 11. Along the axial direction of channel 12, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and one opening 111 are sequentially arranged. Along the radial direction of channel 12, the inner diameter of another opening 112 is smaller than the outer diameter of valve core 13. Along the radial direction of channel 12, the length of one opening 111 is equal to the length of another opening 112. This allows valve core 13 to completely close either another opening 112 or one opening 111 during movement within channel 12.

[0104] In one embodiment, continue to refer to Figure 10 As shown, another opening 112 is used to penetrate the radial side wall of the channel 12 , and the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is greater than the length of the other opening 112 .

[0105] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 10As shown, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the channel 12 on the side wall on the same side of the valve 11. Another opening 112 is used to penetrate the radial side wall of the channel 12. The four openings are all arranged on the side wall on the same side of the valve 11, which is conducive to the uniform circulation of oil, reduces turbulence and local high-speed impact, and prevents excessive energy loss.

[0106] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the channel 12. Along the axial direction of the channel 12, the another opening 112, the fourth opening 114, and the third opening 113 are arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 on the same side. One opening 111 is arranged at the end of the valve 11. Another opening 112 is configured to penetrate the radial sidewall of the channel 12, and one opening 111 is configured to penetrate the axial sidewall of the channel 12. This helps reduce the overall length and volume of the valve 11, thereby conserving installation space.

[0107] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the channel 12. The fourth opening 114 and the third opening 113 are respectively arranged on the side walls on opposite sides of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The oil driven by the oil pump 3 can flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor from both sides, respectively, to prevent uneven flow distribution through the rotor 102 and the stator 101 of the motor, resulting in insufficient oil supply.

[0108] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 10As shown, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is greater than the length of the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves to a predetermined position in the channel 12, the power assembly 10 is in the first working state. The valve core 13 can completely close the other opening 112. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, while lubricating the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor. Since the oil in the oil pan 4 will not The heat exchange oil path through heat exchanger 5 facilitates rapid oil delivery and lubrication of the motor's stator 101. The higher temperature of the oil that does not pass through the heat exchanger facilitates faster preheating of the electronic stator 101 to its operating temperature. If the oil temperature approaches ambient temperature after prolonged standing at low ambient temperatures, the oil viscosity increases, and the oil pump 3 delivers a smaller amount of oil. Without oil cooling, the stator 101 will quickly overheat. Without passing through the heat exchanger, the oil heats up faster, reducing system flow resistance and facilitating increased oil delivery from the oil pump 3, thus facilitating the startup of the stator 101. Simultaneously, the fourth opening 114 maintains oil flow, allowing oil in the oil pan 4 to directly supply rotor 102 to lubricate its bearings, reducing mechanical wear. Furthermore, the higher temperature oil flows simultaneously to both the stator 101 and rotor 102, reducing oil viscosity and accelerating preheating of the entire motor. This helps ensure that both the stator 101 and rotor 102 reach their optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0109] In one embodiment, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the length of the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves to a predetermined position in the channel 12, the power assembly 10 is in a first working condition. The two ends of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 are respectively abutted against the two ends of the other opening 112, so that the valve core 13 can completely close the other opening 112. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor, while lubricating the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor.

[0110] Figure 14 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0111] In one embodiment, see Figure 14 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel 12 , the length of the valve core 13 is greater than or equal to the sum of the distance between the other opening 112 and one end of the channel 12 and the length of the other opening 112 , and one end of the channel 12 and the other opening 112 are located on the same side of the fourth opening 114 .

[0112] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 14As shown, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 on the same side along the axial direction of the channel 12. The other opening 112 is used to penetrate the radial side wall of the channel 12, that is, one end of the channel 12 and the other opening 112 are located on the same side of the fourth opening 114, which is conducive to the uniform circulation of oil, reduces turbulence and local high-speed impact, and prevents excessive energy loss.

[0113] In the embodiments of this application, continue to refer to Figure 14 As shown, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is greater than the sum of the distance between the other opening 112 and one end of the channel 12 adjacent to the other opening 112 and the length of the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves in the channel 12 to the end of the valve 11 where the other opening 112 is set, the power assembly 10 is in the first working state. The valve core 13 can completely close the other opening 112. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 1 of the motor. 01 and the motor's rotor 102, while also lubricating the motor's stator 101 and rotor 102. The oil in the oil pan 4 does not pass through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, resulting in a higher oil temperature, which facilitates rapid startup of the motor's stator 101. If the oil temperature approaches ambient temperature after being left for a long time at low ambient temperatures, the oil viscosity is high, and the oil pump 3's oil output is small. Without oil cooling, the stator 101 will quickly overheat. Without passing through the heat exchanger, the oil heats up faster, reducing the system's flow resistance, which helps increase the oil pump 3's oil output and thus facilitates the startup of the stator 101. At the same time, the fourth opening 114 maintains the flow of oil, allowing the oil in the oil pan 4 to directly supply oil to the rotor 102 to lubricate the rotor 102 bearings, reducing mechanical wear and saving energy consumption in the oil pump, thereby improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0114] In one embodiment, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is less than the spacing length between the fourth opening 114 and one end of the channel 12 adjacent to the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves in the channel 12 to the end of the valve 11 where the other opening 112 is provided, the power assembly 10 is in the first working condition. The valve core 13 can completely close the other opening 112, and the valve core 13 will not interfere with the fourth opening 114, that is, there is no contact between the valve core 13 and the fourth opening 114, and the fourth opening 114 can maintain a state of complete oil circulation. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, while lubricating the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor.

[0115] In one embodiment, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the sum of the spacing length between the other opening 112 and one end of the channel 12 adjacent to the other opening 112 and the length of the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves in the channel 12 to the end of the valve 11 where the other opening 112 is provided, the two ends of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 respectively abut against one end of the channel 12 of the valve 11 and one end of the other opening 112. At this time, the power assembly 10 is in the first working condition, and the valve core 13 can completely close the other opening 112.

[0116] Figure 15 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0117] In one embodiment, along the axial direction of the channel 12 , the length of the valve core 13 of the valve 11 is less than or equal to the distance between any two adjacent openings.

[0118] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 15 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel 12, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the same side of the valve 11. The length of the valve core 13 is less than the distance between the other opening 112 and one end of the channel 12 adjacent to the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves to one end of the channel 12, the valve core 13 has no contact with the other opening 112. At this time, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 all maintain the flow of oil. The valve core 13 is used to dynamically adjust the flow of oil, which is beneficial to reducing the resistance to the flow of oil. , and another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are arranged in sequence, with a simple structure. At this time, the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to flow to the rotor 102 of the motor through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, so as to cool and lubricate the rotor 102 of the motor. The oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor, so as to lubricate the stator 101 of the motor. The temperature of the oil is relatively high, which is conducive to quickly starting the stator 101 of the motor, and can prevent the stator 101 of the motor from contacting the high-temperature oil heated by the rotor 102, causing motor failure.

[0119] Figure 16 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 16As shown, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 on the same side of the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is less than the distance between the opening 111 and the end of the channel 12 adjacent to the opening 111. When the valve core 13 moves to one end of the channel 12, the valve core 13 has no contact with the opening 111. At this time, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the single opening 111 all maintain the state of oil circulation.

[0120] Figure 17 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 17 As shown, along the axial direction of the channel 12, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the same side of the valve 11, and the length of the valve core 13 is less than the spacing length between the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves between the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114, the valve core 13 has no contact with the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114, that is, the another opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 all maintain the flow of oil. At this time, the power assembly 10 is in the first working condition, and the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, while lubricating the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor.

[0121] Figure 18 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 18As shown, another opening 112 , a fourth opening 114 , a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 on the same side along the axial direction of the channel 12 . The length of the valve core 13 is less than the distance between the third opening 113 and the one of the openings 111. When the valve core 13 moves between the third opening 113 and the one of the openings 111, the valve core 13 has no contact with the third opening 113 and the one of the openings 111, that is, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one of the openings 111 all keep the oil flowing. At this time, the powertrain 10 is in the second working condition. The oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5. The cooled low-temperature oil flows to the rotor 102 of the motor. The flow rate and flow of the oil flowing to the motor rotor 102 are large, which is beneficial to improving the lubrication efficiency of the rotor 102. At the same time, it can also dissipate heat for the rotor 102 of the motor, which is beneficial to suppressing the temperature rise of the rotor 102, improving the cooling efficiency of the rotor 102, ensuring that the powertrain 10 is in a safe working state, and improving the efficiency of the powertrain 10.

[0122] Figure 19 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 19As shown, another opening 112 , a fourth opening 114 , a third opening 113 and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the same side of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12 , and the length of the valve core 13 is less than the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 . When the valve core 13 moves to between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, the valve core 13 has no contact with the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, that is, the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 all keep flowing oil. At this time, the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor. The oil only flows to the stator 101 of the motor. At the same time, the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5. The cooled low-temperature oil then flows to the rotor 102 of the motor, directly supplying oil to the rotor 102. Lubricating the rotor 102 bearings can also dissipate heat for the motor's rotor 102, which is beneficial to reducing the eddy current loss of the rotor 102 and saving energy consumption of the oil pump. Such a dual oil circuit design can accurately match the operating state of the powertrain 10, and switch different oil circuits according to the different working conditions of the stator and rotor to form oil temperatures of different temperatures to match the stator and rotor for lubrication and heat dissipation; the cooled low-temperature oil flows to the motor's rotor 102, and the oil flow rate and flow rate flowing to the motor's rotor 102 are large, which is beneficial to improving the lubrication efficiency of the rotor 102. At the same time, it can also dissipate heat for the motor's rotor 102, which is beneficial to suppressing the temperature rise of the rotor 102 and improving the cooling efficiency of the rotor 102.

[0123] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and a single opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the distance between the other opening 112 and the end of the channel 12 adjacent to the other opening 112. When the valve core 13 moves to the end of the channel 12 near the other opening 112, the end of the valve core 13 away from the end of the channel 12 contacts the end of the other opening 112. At this time, oil flows through the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the single opening 111. The oil partially flows into the heat exchanger for cooling, while partially bypasses the heat exchanger. The cooled oil and the uncooled oil mix to form an oil temperature suitable for the current operating conditions, respectively lubricating and cooling the stator and rotor. Furthermore, the valve core 13 does not partially or completely block the other opening 112, ensuring that the maximum flow area at the other opening 112 is maintained.

[0124] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and a single opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the distance between the single opening 111 and the end of the channel 12 adjacent to the single opening 111. When the valve core 13 moves to the end of the channel 12 near the single opening 111, the end of the valve core 13 away from the end of the channel 12 contacts the end of the single opening 111. At this point, the single opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the single opening 111 all maintain oil flow. Part of the oil flows into the heat exchanger for cooling, while part bypasses the heat exchanger. The cooled oil and the uncooled oil mix to form an oil temperature suitable for the current operating conditions, balancing the oil temperature and viscosity to lubricate and cool the stator and rotor, respectively. Furthermore, the valve core 13 does not partially or completely block the single opening 111, ensuring that the single opening 111 maintains the maximum flow area.

[0125] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 on the same side along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the distance between the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves between the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114, the two ends of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 contact the two ends of the another opening 112 and the fourth opening 114, respectively. At this time, the another opening 112 is blocked, and the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the one opening 111 all maintain a state of oil circulation. The oil bypasses the heat exchanger, and the uncooled oil lubricates and cools the stator and rotor, respectively, matching the operating conditions when the vehicle is just started in a low-temperature environment. The valve core 13 moves to the left to achieve a state in which all four openings are connected, and moves to the right to achieve a state in which one opening 111 is connected to the third opening 113 and another opening 112 is connected to the fourth opening 114. The switching speed between the two states is faster.

[0126] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and a third opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the distance between the third opening 113 and the first opening 111. When the valve core 13 moves between the third opening 113 and the first opening 111, the ends of the valve core 13 contact the ends of the third opening 113 and the first opening 111 along the axial direction of the channel 12, respectively. At this point, one opening 111 is blocked, while the other openings 112, the fourth opening 114, and the third opening 113 all continue to flow oil. The oil is cooled by the heat exchanger, and the cooled oil lubricates and cools the stator and rotor, respectively, matching the operating conditions of the vehicle after a period of operation. Furthermore, the valve core 13 moves rightward to connect all four openings, and moves leftward to connect one opening 111 with the third opening 113, and another opening 112 with the fourth opening 114, thereby accelerating the switching speed between the two states.

[0127] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 on the same side along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the spacing between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, the two ends of the valve core 13 contact the two ends of the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 along the axial direction of the channel 12, that is, one opening 111 is connected to the third opening 113, and the other opening 112 is connected to the fourth opening 114. The cooled oil cools the stator, while the non-cooled oil cools the rotor, ensuring the cooling of the stator and preventing the high viscosity of the oil from affecting the rotation of the rotor. In addition, the valve core 13 can achieve different states by moving left and right, and the switching speed between various states is faster.

[0128] Figure 20 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0129] In one embodiment, see Figure 20 As shown, the length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is less than the sum of the length of the third opening, the length of the fourth opening, and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 .

[0130] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 20As shown, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is less than the sum of the lengths of the third opening, the fourth opening, and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, the valve core 13 can partially close the third opening 113 or the fourth opening 114, without simultaneously blocking both the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114. The other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113, and the opening 111 all maintain oil flow, with the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 partially able to flow. The valve core 13 is used to regulate oil flow, which helps reduce resistance to oil flow. The valve core 13 should not be designed to be too long to avoid the valve core 13 being too long and causing the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114 to be completely closed at the same time, thereby preventing the oil from being unable to flow to the rotor 102 and stator 101 of the motor and causing damage to the rotor 102 and stator 101 of the motor.

[0131] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the sum of the length of the fourth opening and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves to a predetermined position, one end of the valve core 13 contacts one end of the fourth opening 114, completely closing the fourth opening 114. The other end of the valve core 13 contacts one end of the third opening 113, but the valve core 13 does not block the third opening 113, i.e., the third opening 113 maintains maximum oil flow. At this time, when the powertrain 10 is in the first operating condition, the external ambient temperature is low and the electric vehicle is initially started. The powertrain is in a low-temperature operating condition, resulting in high oil resistance, which leads to large oil churning losses in the gearbox. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce motor drag losses and oil churning energy losses. Valve 11 switches the flow direction of the oil output by oil pump 3, allowing the oil pump 3 of powertrain 10 to drive the oil in oil pan 4, bypassing the heat exchange oil path of heat exchanger 5 and flowing to the motor stator 101 to lubricate the motor stator 101. After the powertrain has operated for a period of time, the temperature of the stator and rotor rises, and the temperature of the oil rises accordingly. Valve core 13 moves rightward, allowing the oil heated by heat exchanger 5 to enter the stator and rotor through another opening 112. The length of valve core 13 is equal to the sum of the length of the fourth opening and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, which can improve the switching speed between the two modes.

[0132] In one embodiment, another opening 112, a fourth opening 114, a third opening 113, and an opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the sidewall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12. The length of the valve core 13 along the axial direction of the channel 12 is equal to the sum of the length of the third opening and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114. When the valve core 13 moves to a predetermined position, one end of the valve core 13 contacts one end of the third opening 113, completely closing the third opening 113. The other end of the valve core 13 contacts one end of the fourth opening 114, but the valve core 13 does not block the third opening 113, i.e., the third opening 113 maintains maximum oil flow. At this time, when the powertrain 10 is in the second operating state, after the powertrain has operated for a period of time, the temperature of the stator and rotor increases. Especially when the powertrain is running at high speed and the rotor temperature rises steadily, the oil after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 5 can enter the rotor through the other opening 112 to cool the rotor. When the vehicle is stopped, for example, overnight in a low ambient temperature, and the vehicle is just started and in the first operating state, the valve core 13 needs to move quickly to the left to be positioned between the other opening 112 and the fourth opening 114, or to block the fourth opening 114. The length of the valve core 13 is equal to the sum of the length of the third opening and the distance between the third opening 113 and the fourth opening 114, which can improve the switching speed between the two modes.

[0133] In one embodiment, there is only one valve core 13 , and along the axial direction of the channel 12 , one valve core 13 is used to move to different positions to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to pass through or skip the heat exchange oil path of the power assembly 10 .

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the valve core 13 is one, and the valve core 13 can reciprocate along the axial direction of the valve channel 11 to place the power assembly 10 in different working conditions, wherein one valve core 13 reciprocates along the axial direction of the valve channel 11 to a predetermined position, so that the power assembly 10 is in a first working condition, and the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor to lubricate the stator 101 of the motor, and one valve core 13 reciprocates along the axial direction of the valve channel 11 to a predetermined position, so that the power assembly 10 is in the first working condition, and the oil pump 3 of the power assembly 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to bypass the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5 and flow to the stator 101 of the motor and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively, and lubricates the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor at the same time, The valve core 13 moves back and forth along the axial direction of the valve channel 11 to a predetermined position, so that the powertrain 10 is in the second working condition, and the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, and the cooled low-temperature oil flows to the rotor 102 of the motor, or the oil pump 3 of the powertrain 10 drives the oil in the oil pan 4 to cool down through the heat exchange oil path of the heat exchanger 5, and the cooled low-temperature oil flows to the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor respectively. By setting a valve core 13 to achieve switching of different working conditions, it is easier to control and reduce processing and assembly costs. When the number of valve cores 13 is one, the volume of the valve 11 can be reduced while ensuring the oil flow rate, which is beneficial to reducing the failure rate of the powertrain 10 and avoiding failure of switching working conditions due to wear of the connecting shaft.

[0135] In one embodiment, the number of at least one of the other opening 112 , the fourth opening 114 , the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 is at least two, and the multiple openings are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the channel 12 on the side wall of the valve 11 .

[0136] Figure 21 Another cross-sectional view of the valve of the powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0137] In the embodiments of this application, see Figure 21As shown, the number of the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 is two, and the other opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and the one opening 111 are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the valve 11 along the axial direction of the channel 12, and the two other openings 112, the two fourth openings 114, the two third openings 113 and the two one openings 111 are relatively arranged on the side walls on both sides of the valve 11. The number of each opening is two, which can increase the flow rate of the oil and improve the efficiency of the oil in lubricating and cooling the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor, and avoid the phenomenon that when the number of the opening is one, the opening is blocked or other faults occur, resulting in the inability of the oil to circulate, thereby causing the power assembly 10 to malfunction.

[0138] In one embodiment, the number of another opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and one opening 111 is three, four, etc., and another opening 112, the fourth opening 114, the third opening 113 and one opening 111 are arranged in sequence on the side wall of the valve along the circumferential direction of the channel 12. When the number of openings is multiple, the flow rate of the oil can be increased, and the efficiency of the oil in lubricating and cooling the stator 101 and the rotor 102 of the motor can be improved, thereby avoiding the phenomenon that when the number of openings is only one, blockage or other faults occur at the opening, resulting in the inability of the oil to circulate, thereby causing a failure of the power assembly 10.

[0139] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A powertrain, characterized in that: The powertrain includes a drive motor and an oil pump, wherein the oil pump is used to drive oil to flow in an oil cooling circuit of the powertrain to cool the stator and rotor of the drive motor, wherein: The powertrain includes a valve, which is used to connect to the oil cooling circuit. The valve is used to receive the oil output by the oil pump, to switch the oil to pass through the heat exchanger of the powertrain for heat exchange or to bypass the heat exchanger, and to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and cool the stator and the rotor respectively.

2. The powertrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve core of the valve is used to move in the channel of the valve to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to exchange heat through the heat exchanger of the powertrain or bypass the heat exchanger. The valve is used to move to a predetermined position in the channel to conduct the oil driven by the oil pump to bypass the heat exchanger and flow to the stator and rotor of the drive motor respectively.

3. The powertrain according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the channel of the valve includes multiple openings, one of which is used to connect to the oil outlet of the oil pump, another opening is used to receive the oil heat exchanged by the heat exchanger, the third opening outputs oil to the stator, and the fourth opening is used to output oil to the rotor. The other opening, the fourth opening and the one opening are used to be arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the channel, and the third opening is located between the one opening and the fourth opening or on the side of the one opening away from the fourth opening.

4. The powertrain according to claim 3, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve core is less than the sum of the length of the fourth opening and the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel, and the one end of the channel is used to be located on the same side of the fourth opening as the other opening.

5. The powertrain according to claim 4, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve core is less than or equal to the distance between the fourth opening and one end of the channel.

6. The powertrain according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: A valve core length of the valve along the axial direction of the channel is greater than or equal to a length of at least one of the third opening and the fourth opening.

7. The powertrain according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The other opening is used to penetrate the axial side wall of the valve, and along the radial direction of the channel, the length of the other opening is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the channel.

8. The powertrain according to claim 7, characterized in that: Along the radial direction of the passage, the inner diameter of the other opening is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the valve core.

9. The powertrain according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The other opening is used to penetrate the radial side wall of the channel, and the length of the valve core along the axial direction of the channel is greater than the length of the other opening.

10. The powertrain according to claim 9, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the channel, the length of the valve is greater than or equal to the sum of the distance between the other opening and one end of the channel and the length of the other opening, and the one end of the channel and the other opening are located on the same side of the fourth opening.

11. The powertrain according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the power assembly, the length of the valve core of the valve is less than or equal to the distance between any two adjacent openings.

12. The power assembly according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that: The length of the valve core along the axial direction of the channel is less than the sum of the length of the third opening, the length of the fourth opening, and the distance between the third opening and the fourth opening.

13. The power assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: There is one valve core, and along the axial direction of the channel, one valve core is used to move to different positions to switch the oil driven by the oil pump to pass through or skip the heat exchange oil path of the power assembly.

14. The power assembly according to any one of claims 3 to 13, characterized in that: The number of at least one of the another opening, the fourth opening, the third opening and the one opening is at least two, and the plurality of openings are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the channel on the side wall of the valve.

15. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a plurality of wheels and a powertrain according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the powertrain is used to drive one or more of the wheels to rotate.

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