Water body radioactive activity measuring device and water body radioactive activity measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water body radioactive activity measuring device and a water body radioactive activity measuring method.The water body radioactive activity measuring device comprises an output assembly, a concentration assembly and a measuring assembly, the output assembly comprises a sample injection unit, a carrier unit and a solvent unit, the sample injection unit is used for outputting a sample to be measured, and the carrier unit is used for loading the sample to be measured; the carrier unit is used for outputting a carrier solution, the carrier solution and a to-be-detected sample are mixed to form a to-be-detected solution, the solvent unit is used for outputting an organic solvent, and the outlet end of the sample injection unit, the outlet end of the carrier unit and the outlet end of the solvent unit respectively form the output ends of the output assembly. The concentration assembly comprises an evaporation dish, the evaporation dish is located at the output end of the output assembly, and the evaporation dish is used for containing an organic solvent after evaporating the solution to be detected into evaporation residues. The measuring assembly comprises a filter cylinder and a detector, the filter cylinder is located at the output end of the evaporation dish and used for intercepting the evaporation residues in the organic solvent, and the detector is used for detecting the count of radioactive particles in the intercepted evaporation residues.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of radiation environment monitoring, and in particular to a device for measuring the radioactive activity of a water body and a method for measuring the radioactive activity of a water body. Background Art

[0002] Measurement of radioactive activity in water bodies, such as total α and total β radioactivity, can preliminarily determine the contamination level of water samples and provide screening indicators for whether further radionuclide analysis of the samples is necessary. Furthermore, the detection cost is low, the results are representative, and manpower and material resources are saved. Therefore, it is the most common radioactive detection item in environmental monitoring.

[0003] In related technologies, total α and total β measurements of samples are mostly performed manually by laboratory personnel. The personnel's operating level and experience have a great influence on the measurement results, which is not conducive to the quality control of total α and total β radioactivity in water. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

[0005] The first aspect of the technical solution of the present application proposes a device for measuring the radioactive activity of a water body, which includes: an output component, a concentration component and a measurement component. The output component includes: an injection unit, a carrier unit and a solvent unit. The injection unit is used to output the sample to be tested, the carrier unit is used to output the carrier solution, the carrier solution is mixed with the sample to be tested to form the test solution, the solvent unit is used to output the organic solvent, and the outlet end of the injection unit, the outlet end of the carrier unit and the outlet end of the solvent unit respectively form the output end of the output component. The concentration component includes an evaporating dish, which is located at the output end of the output component. The evaporating dish is used to contain the organic solvent after evaporating the test solution into a vapor residue. The measurement component includes a filter cartridge and a detector. The filter cartridge is located at the output end of the evaporating dish and is used to intercept the vapor residue in the organic solvent. The detector is used to detect the count of radioactive particles in the intercepted vapor residue.

[0006] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, the output component also includes: a sulfuric acid unit, a pure water unit and a spike unit. The sulfuric acid unit is used to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish, the pure water unit is used to output pure water to the evaporating dish, and the spike unit is used to output the spiked solution to the evaporating dish. The outlet end of the sulfuric acid unit, the outlet end of the pure water unit and the outlet end of the spike unit respectively form the output end of the output component.

[0007] In some technical solutions provided in this application, the filter cartridge includes: a containing cylinder and filter paper, the inlet end of the containing cylinder can be connected to the output end of the evaporating dish, the filter paper and the outlet end of the containing cylinder can be detachably connected, and the measuring component also includes at least two rollers, the two rollers are respectively located on both sides of the containing cylinder, and the two ends of the filter paper are respectively wrapped around the rollers on both sides.

[0008] In some technical solutions provided herein, the water radioactivity measurement device further includes a filtration assembly comprising a filtration bottle and a negative pressure pump, the filtration bottle's opening being connected to the bottom of the filter cartridge, and the negative pressure pump's input being connected to the interior of the filtration bottle. And / or the concentration assembly further includes a heating jacket and a magnet, the heating jacket being mounted on the outside of the evaporating dish, the magnet being positioned within the dish, and the heating jacket being capable of magnetically controlling the magnet's rotation.

[0009] A second aspect of the technical solution of the present application proposes a method for measuring the radioactive activity of a water body, which includes: controlling an output component to output a sample to be tested and a carrier solution to an evaporating dish to form a solution to be tested; controlling a concentration component to evaporate the solution to be tested in the evaporating dish into a vapor residue; controlling the output component to output an organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge so that the filter cartridge intercepts the vapor residue in the organic solvent; and controlling a detector to detect the number of radioactive particles in the vapor residue.

[0010] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, the heating jacket of the concentration component is used to heat the evaporating dish. Before the step of controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish, the method further includes: controlling the output component to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 and the heating time to t1; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T2 and the heating time to t2; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T3 and the heating time to t3, wherein t3≥t2>t1, T3>T2>T1; and obtaining the weight of the evaporation residue in the evaporating dish.

[0011] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, after the step of controlling the detector to detect the count of radioactive particles in the evaporation residue, the steps also include: controlling the output component to output the carrier solution and pure water to the evaporating dish, the carrier solution and pure water forming a background sample; controlling the concentration component to evaporate the background sample in the evaporating dish into the background evaporation residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into the filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the background evaporation residue in the organic solvent; and determining the count of radioactive particles in the background evaporation residue detected by the detector as the background count.

[0012] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, after the step of determining that the count of radioactive particles in the background evaporation residue detected by the detector is the background count, the following steps are further included: controlling the output component to output the spiked solution and pure water to the evaporating dish, the spiked solution and pure water forming a spiked sample; controlling the concentration component to evaporate the spiked sample in the evaporating dish into a spiked evaporation residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the spiked evaporation residue in the organic solvent; determining that the count of radioactive particles in the spiked evaporation residue detected by the detector is the spiked count; and determining the radioactive activity of the sample to be tested based on the background count and the spiked count.

[0013] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, the filter cartridge includes a containing tube and filter paper, and the two ends of the filter paper are respectively wound on the rollers on both sides of the containing tube. After the step of controlling the detector to detect the count of radioactive particles in the steam residue, the method also includes: separating the containing tube from the filter paper; rotating at least one of the rollers on both sides, and the roller drives the filter paper to move so that the steam residue intercepted by the filter paper moves to the outside of the containing tube; controlling the output component to output pure water to the evaporating dish; controlling the heating jacket of the concentration component to drive the magnetron in the evaporating dish to stir the pure water; and transporting the pure water in the evaporating dish to the filter cartridge.

[0014] In some technical solutions provided in the present application, the sample to be tested is divided into multiple sub-solutions, and the step of controlling the output component to output the sample to be tested and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish specifically includes: controlling the output component to output one sub-solution and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight; controlling the output component to output one sub-solution to the evaporating dish; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight; repeating the steps of controlling the output component to output one sub-solution to the evaporating dish and controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 until all the sub-solutions are output.

[0015] Compared with the related art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This application achieves continuous and automatic measurement of the radioactivity of the sample being tested. The simple and easy operation improves the degree of automation of radioactivity measurement, reduces manual operation during the detection process, avoids interference and errors caused by manual measurement, makes the measurement results more accurate, and improves the quality of radioactivity control. It also effectively saves labor costs and avoids occupational hazards to workers in field and high-radiation operations. The detection process can be remotely monitored and operated through network experiments, improving the convenience and safety of detection operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of some embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to denote the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a water radioactivity measurement device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0020] in, Figure 1 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and component names is as follows:

[0021] 10 Water body radioactivity measurement device; 100 Output assembly; 110 Sampling unit; 111 Water sample storage tank; 112 Sampling pump; 113 First liquid mass flowmeter; 120 Carrier unit; 121 Carrier storage tank; 122 Adjustable sampling pump 122; 123 Second liquid mass flowmeter; 130 Solvent unit; 131 Solvent storage tank; 132 Second metering pump; 133 Fourth liquid mass flowmeter; 140 Sulfuric acid unit; 141 Sulfuric acid storage tank; 142 First metering pump; 143 Third liquid mass flowmeter; 150 Pure water unit; 151 Pure water storage tank; 152 Third metering pump ; 153 fifth liquid mass flowmeter; 160 standard addition unit; 161 standard addition storage box; 162 fourth metering pump; 163 sixth liquid mass flowmeter; 170 first four-way valve; 180 second four-way valve; 200 concentration component; 210 evaporating dish; 220 heating jacket; 230 magnet; 240 control valve; 250 electronic balance; 300 measuring component; 310 filter cartridge; 311 receiving cylinder; 312 filter paper; 320 roller; 330 detector; 340 lead chamber; 350 porous plate ceramic filter element; 360 funnel; 400 filtration component; 410 filtration bottle; 420 negative pressure pump; 430 bottle stopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application and the specific features in the embodiment are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical solution of the present application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiment of the present application and the technical features in the embodiment can be combined with each other.

[0023] The first embodiment of the present application provides a water body radioactivity measurement device 10, such as Figure 1As shown, the water body radioactivity measurement device 10 includes an output component 100, a concentration component 200, and a measurement component 300. The output component 100 includes a sample injection unit 110, a carrier unit 120, and a solvent unit 130. The sample injection unit 110 is used to output the sample to be tested. The carrier unit 120 is used to output the carrier solution, which is mixed with the sample to be tested to form the test solution. The solvent unit 130 is used to output the organic solvent. The outlet ends of the sample injection unit 110, the outlet ends of the carrier unit 120, and the outlet ends of the solvent unit 130 respectively form the output ends of the output component 100. The concentration component 200 includes an evaporating dish 210. The evaporating dish 210 is located at the output end of the output component 100 and is used to contain the organic solvent after evaporating the test solution into a evaporation residue. The measurement assembly 300 includes a filter cartridge 310 and a detector 330 . The filter cartridge 310 is located at the output end of the evaporation dish 210 and is used to intercept the evaporation residue in the organic solvent. The detector 330 is used to detect the number of radioactive particles in the intercepted evaporation residue.

[0024] In this embodiment, the sampling unit 110 includes a water sample storage tank 111, a sampling pump 112, and a first liquid mass flowmeter 113, which are interconnected. The water sample storage tank 111 is used to accommodate the water to be measured, i.e., the test sample. The two ends of the sampling pump 112 are respectively connected to the water sample storage tank 111 and the first liquid mass flowmeter 113, which is used to control the flow rate of the test sample. The sampling pump 112 and the first liquid mass flowmeter 113 cooperate with each other to adjust the sampling volume of the test sample according to monitoring requirements.

[0025] The carrier unit 120 includes a carrier storage box 121, an adjustable sampling pump 122 and a second liquid mass flowmeter 123 that are interconnected. The carrier storage box 121 is used to accommodate the carrier solution. The two ends of the adjustable sampling pump 122 are respectively connected to the carrier storage box 121 and the second liquid mass flowmeter 123. The second liquid mass flowmeter 123 is used to control the flow rate of the carrier solution. The function of the carrier is to carry down the radioactive nuclides in the water. Natural water generally contains elements such as calcium and magnesium. If the content of these elements is very low, the radioactive nuclides are easily adsorbed in the container during the sample preparation process, which affects the accuracy of the measurement. The carrier concentration in the carrier storage box 121 is known. According to the set sampling volume, the sampling speed of the carrier solution can be calculated, and the adjustable sampling pump 122 can be feedback-controlled to achieve uniform mixing of the sample to be tested and the carrier solution. The calculation formula is:

[0026] v2=V2×v1 / V1

[0027] Wherein, V1 is the sampling volume of the sample to be tested, v1 is the injection speed of the injection pump 112 , V2 is the injection volume of the carrier solution, and v2 is the injection speed of the adjustable injection pump 122 .

[0028] Solvent unit 130 includes a solvent storage tank 131, a second metering pump 132, and a fourth liquid mass flow meter 133, which are interconnected. Solvent storage tank 131 is used to store the organic solution. The second metering pump 132 is connected to solvent storage tank 131 and fourth liquid mass flow meter 133 at both ends, respectively. Fourth liquid mass flow meter 133 is used to control the flow rate of the organic solvent.

[0029] The concentration unit includes an evaporating dish 210, which is used to receive the liquid medium output from the output end of the output component 100 and heat or evaporate it. The liquid medium can be a sample to be tested, a carrier solution, an organic solvent, sulfuric acid, pure water, and a spiked solution. A control valve 240 is provided at the bottom of the evaporating dish 210, and the control valve 240 is used to control the outflow of the liquid medium in the evaporating dish 210. A measuring unit is provided below the evaporating dish 210, and the liquid medium flowing out of the evaporating dish 210 can fall into the filter cartridge 310 of the measuring unit. The detector 330 of the measuring unit is located above the inner side of the filter cartridge 310 and is used to detect the count of radioactive particles in the residue intercepted by the filter cartridge 310. The detector 330 can be an α or β detector 330. The measuring unit also includes a lead chamber 340, which is covered on the outside of the detector 330 to improve the accuracy of the detection results.

[0030] When measuring radioactivity, the sample to be tested and the carrier solution are mixed to form the test solution. The concentration assembly 200 evaporates the test solution in the evaporating dish 210 into a evaporation residue. This evaporation concentrates the radionuclides in the test solution into the solid evaporation residue. An organic solvent is added to the evaporating dish 210. The control valve 240 at the bottom of the evaporating dish 210 is opened, allowing the organic solvent carrying the evaporation residue to fall into the filter cartridge 310 of the measurement unit. The organic solvent transfers the evaporation residue from the evaporating dish 210 into the filter cartridge 310, where it is separated. The evaporation residue remaining in the filter cartridge 310 forms the measurement target, and the alpha count rate or beta count rate of the test sample is obtained by the detector 330.

[0031] This application achieves continuous and automatic measurement of the radioactivity of the sample being tested. The simple and easy operation improves the degree of automation of radioactivity measurement, reduces manual operation during the detection process, avoids interference and errors caused by manual measurement, makes the measurement results more accurate, and improves the quality of radioactivity control. It also effectively saves labor costs and avoids occupational hazards to workers in field and high-radiation operations. The detection process can be remotely monitored and operated through network experiments, improving the convenience and safety of detection operations.

[0032] In some embodiments provided in this application, Figure 1As shown, the output component 100 further includes: a sulfuric acid unit 140, a pure water unit 150 and a spike unit 160. The sulfuric acid unit 140 is used to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish 210, the pure water unit 150 is used to output pure water to the evaporating dish 210, and the spike unit 160 is used to output the spiked solution to the evaporating dish 210. The outlet end of the sulfuric acid unit 140, the outlet end of the pure water unit 150 and the outlet end of the spike unit 160 respectively form the output end of the output component 100.

[0033] In this embodiment, the sulfuric acid unit 140 includes a sulfuric acid storage tank 141, a first metering pump 142, and a third liquid mass flowmeter 143, which are interconnected. The first metering pump 142 is connected to the sulfuric acid storage tank 141 and the third liquid mass flowmeter 143 at both ends, respectively. The third liquid mass flowmeter 143 is used to control the flow rate of sulfuric acid.

[0034] The pure water unit 150 includes a pure water storage tank 151, a third metering pump 152 and a fifth liquid mass flowmeter 153 which are interconnected. The two ends of the third metering pump 152 are respectively connected to the pure water storage tank 151 and the fifth liquid mass flowmeter 153. The fifth liquid mass flowmeter 153 is used to control the flow of pure water.

[0035] The spiked solution unit 160 includes a spiked solution storage box 161, a fourth metering pump 162, and a sixth liquid mass flowmeter 163, which are interconnected. The two ends of the fourth metering pump 162 are respectively connected to the spiked solution storage box 161 and the fifth liquid mass flowmeter 153. The sixth liquid mass flowmeter 163 is used to control the flow rate of the spiked solution.

[0036] Exemplarily, output assembly 100 further includes a first four-way valve 170 and a second four-way valve 180. The first four-way valve 170 and the second four-way valve 180 have a 3-inlet, 1-outlet structure, and both outlets are connected to the evaporating dish 210 of the concentration unit. The inlet of first four-way valve 170 is connected to the outlets of first, second, and third liquid mass flowmeters 113, 123, and 143, respectively. The inlet of second four-way valve 180 is connected to the outlets of fourth, fifth, and sixth liquid mass flowmeters 133, 153, and 163, respectively. This allows the output of output assembly 100 to be connected to the evaporating dish 210 in two separate routes.

[0037] By providing a sulfuric acid unit 140, a pure water unit 150, and a spiked solution unit 160, the output assembly 100 can output sulfuric acid, pure water, and a spiked solution to the evaporating dish 210. The output of sulfuric acid reduces the moisture absorption of the evaporation residue, while the output of pure water and spiked solution facilitates measurement operations, ensuring smoother measurement. Furthermore, the pure water can be used to clean the container.

[0038] In some embodiments provided in this application, Figure 1As shown, the filter cartridge 310 includes: a receiving cylinder 311 and filter paper 312. The inlet end of the receiving cylinder 311 can be connected to the output end of the evaporating dish 210, and the filter paper 312 is detachably connected to the outlet end of the receiving cylinder 311. The measuring assembly 300 also includes at least two rollers 320, which are respectively located on both sides of the receiving cylinder 311. The two ends of the filter paper 312 are respectively wrapped around the rollers 320 on both sides.

[0039] In this embodiment, the accommodating cylinder 311 can be a cylindrical cylinder, and the filter paper 312 blocks the outlet end at the bottom of the accommodating cylinder 311 to filter the liquid medium in the accommodating cylinder 311. The two ends of the filter paper 312 are respectively connected to the rollers 320 on both sides. When the filter paper 312 needs to be updated, the accommodating cylinder 311 is slowly lifted, and the filter paper 312 is driven to move by rotating the side rollers 320, and the used part of the filter paper 312 is moved to the side of the accommodating cylinder 311, so that the steaming residue on the filter paper 312 is moved to the outside of the accommodating cylinder 311, thereby updating the filter paper 312.

[0040] Exemplarily, filtration assembly 400 further includes a porous ceramic filter element 350 and a funnel 360. The two sides of porous ceramic filter element 350 are connected to the bottom surface of filter paper 312 and the inlet of funnel 360, respectively. Filtrate flowing out of filter paper 312 passes through the holes of porous ceramic filter element 350 and is collected in funnel 360. A receiving cylinder 311 presses filter paper 312 against the top surface of porous ceramic filter element 350 to prevent filtrate leakage and improve measurement accuracy.

[0041] In some embodiments provided in this application, Figure 1 As shown, the water body radioactivity measurement device 10 further includes a filtration assembly 400, which includes a filtration bottle 410 and a negative pressure pump 420. The mouth of the filtration bottle 410 is connected to the bottom of the filter cartridge 310, and the input end of the negative pressure pump 420 is connected to the interior of the filtration bottle 410. And / or the concentration assembly 200 further includes a heating jacket 220 and a magnet 230. The heating jacket 220 is mounted on the outside of the evaporating dish 210, and the magnet 230 is located inside the evaporating dish 210. The heating jacket 220 can control the rotation of the magnet 230 through magnetism.

[0042] In this embodiment, the mouth of the filtration bottle 410 is connected to the outlet of the funnel 360 via a stopper 430. A vacuum pump is connected to a branch of the filtration bottle 410. The negative pressure pump 420 of the filtration unit is turned on to maintain a negative pressure in the filtration bottle 410. The liquid medium in the receiving cylinder 311 is filtered into the filtration bottle 410 under the action of the negative pressure, thereby accelerating the flow rate of the liquid medium in the funnel 360 and ensuring that the steam residue is evenly spread. When the liquid medium in the receiving cylinder 311 is an organic solvent, the negative pressure pump 420 is turned off after running for one hour to allow the steam residue sample to dry naturally.

[0043] The evaporating dish 210 is nested within the heating jacket 220. The magnet 230, which is acid-resistant and heat-resistant, is located within the evaporating dish 210. The heating jacket 220 is used to directly heat the evaporating dish 210 and also magnetically actuates the magnet 230 to stir the liquid medium within the evaporating dish 210, thereby achieving a stirring function. The concentration assembly 200 also includes an electronic balance 250, located at the bottom of the heating jacket 220 and used to measure the net weight of the sample within the evaporating dish 210.

[0044] In the second embodiment of the present application, a method for measuring the radioactivity of water is provided, such as Figure 2 As shown, the measurement method utilizes the water body radioactivity measurement device provided by any of the above embodiments, and the measurement method includes:

[0045] Step 101, controlling the output component to output the sample to be tested and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish to form a solution to be tested;

[0046] Step 102, controlling the concentration component to evaporate the test solution in the evaporating dish into a steam residue;

[0047] Step 103, controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish;

[0048] Step 104: transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish to the filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the evaporation residue in the organic solvent;

[0049] Step 105 , controlling the detector to detect the number of radioactive particles in the steam residue.

[0050] In this embodiment, the radioactivity measurement is the measurement of total α and total β radioactivity, and the carrier solution can be a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 20%. According to the measurement requirements, the sampling volume of the sample to be tested is set on the first liquid mass flowmeter, and fed back to the adjustable sampling pump 122 of the carrier unit to determine the sampling speed of the carrier solution so that the sample to be tested and the carrier solution can be evenly mixed. The sample to be tested in the water sample storage box enters the evaporating dish of the concentration unit at an injection speed of 10mL / min. The sample to be tested and the carrier solution are mixed to form a solution to be tested. When the weight of the solution to be tested reaches a preset weight to be tested, the output component stops outputting the sample to be tested and the carrier solution. For example, the preset weight to be tested can be 50g. The concentration component evaporates the solution to be tested in the evaporating dish into a steam residue. The evaporation temperature can be 120°C. The radioactive nuclides in the solution to be tested are concentrated into the solid steam residue by evaporation.

[0051] 50 ml of an organic solvent, which may be acetone (purity ≥ 95%), is added to the evaporating dish via a second metering pump and a fourth liquid mass flowmeter. The organic solvent is continuously stirred with a magnetic stirrer for at least one minute to ensure thorough mixing of the organic solvent and the evaporation residue. A control valve at the bottom of the evaporating dish is opened to allow the organic solvent carrying the evaporation residue to fall into the filter cartridge of the measuring unit. Steps 103 and 104 are repeated at least twice. The organic solvent transfers the evaporation residue from the evaporating dish to the filter cartridge, where the evaporation residue is separated.

[0052] The steam residue remaining in the filter cartridge forms the measurement object. The detector is turned on to measure the α count or β count of the sample to be measured. The measurement is stopped after the measurement time t, and the α count rate or β count rate of the sample to be measured is obtained.

[0053] This application achieves continuous and automatic measurement of the radioactivity of the sample being tested. The simple and easy operation improves the degree of automation of radioactivity measurement, reduces manual operation during the detection process, avoids interference and errors caused by manual measurement, makes the measurement results more accurate, and improves the quality of radioactivity control. It also effectively saves labor costs and avoids occupational hazards to workers in field and high-radiation operations. The detection process can be remotely monitored and operated through network experiments, improving the convenience and safety of detection operations.

[0054] In some embodiments provided herein, the heating jacket of the concentration component is used to heat the evaporating dish. Before step 103 of controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish, the process further includes: controlling the output component to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T1 and the heating time to be t1; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T2 and the heating time to be t2; controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T3 and the heating time to be t3, wherein t3 ≥ t2 > t1, and T3 > T2 > T1; and obtaining the weight of the evaporating residue in the evaporating dish.

[0055] In this embodiment, 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the evaporating dish through the first metering pump and the third liquid mass flow meter. Since the amount of concentrated sulfuric acid added is small, first, the heating jacket is heated at a relatively low T1 temperature for a t1 duration, which is the same as the evaporation temperature of the sample solution to be measured in step 102, to evaporate the water in the evaporating dish completely, preventing the residual water from boiling violently at a higher temperature later, which may cause splashing loss. After evaporation heating, the main components in the evaporation residue are calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), etc. Since calcium chloride is extremely hygroscopic, it will cause a large measurement error of the net weight m1 of the evaporation residue. The heating temperature is raised to T2, and according to the principle of converting non-volatile acid into volatile acid, calcium chloride is converted into calcium sulfate. The chemical equation is: CaCl2+H2SO4=CaSO4+2HCl↑, which makes HCl evaporate quickly and sulfuric acid evaporate slowly, and the burning time t2 is continued to ensure that the sulfuric acid mist is completely dispersed. The hygroscopicity of the evaporation residue is reduced by concentrated sulfuric acid, making the measurement result more accurate.

[0056] The heating temperature of the heating jacket is raised to T3, and the high temperature continues to burn the evaporating dish for a t3 duration to remove the volatile impurities in the evaporation residue, improve the purity of the evaporation residue, and further make the measurement result more accurate. The heating function of the heating jacket is turned off, and the evaporating dish is naturally cooled for 30 minutes.

[0057] For example, t1 is 10 minutes, t2 and t3 are 1 hour, T1 is 120°, T2 is 150℃, and T3 is 350℃.

[0058] The net weight m1 of the evaporation residue in the evaporating dish is measured by an electronic balance. The measurement of the net weight m1 is used to monitor the quality of the sample to be measured. For a specific sample to be measured, the net weights m1 obtained by different time measurements are not much different, and the change of the net weight m1 can be used to judge the change of the water quality of the sample, which is helpful to find the abnormal sample in time and find out the reason.

[0059] In some embodiments provided in the present application, after step 105 of controlling the detector to detect the count of radioactive particles in the evaporation residue, the method further comprises:

[0060] Step 106, controlling the output assembly to output a carrier solution and pure water into the evaporating dish, and the carrier solution and the pure water form a background sample;

[0061] Step 107, controlling the concentration assembly to evaporate the background sample in the evaporating dish into a background evaporation residue;

[0062] Step 108, controlling the output assembly to output an organic solvent into the evaporating dish;

[0063] Step 109, conveying the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into the filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the background evaporation residue in the organic solvent;

[0064] Step 110 : Determine the count of radioactive particles in the background steam residue detected by the detector as the background count.

[0065] In this embodiment, in evaporating dish, add 5ml carrier solution by adjustable sample feed pump 122 and the second liquid mass flowmeter.In evaporating dish, add 45ml pure water by the 3rd metering pump and the 5th liquid mass flowmeter, carrier solution and pure water are formed background sample, after background sample is evaporated into background and steams residue, by organic solvent, background is steamed residue and is transferred in the filter cartridge and detects, to obtain background counting, measure background sample.Can determine background count rate based on background counting and measuring time, by regularly measuring background sample, draw the variation relation of background count rate over time, can judge the running condition and the contamination state of measuring device, the measurement frequency of background sample is 1 time / month, can be 1 time / week when using frequently.The use for the first time after initial use or long-term deactivation should measure background sample and spiked sample.

[0066] In some embodiments provided in the present application, after step 110 of determining that the count of radioactive particles in the background evaporation residue detected by the detector is the background count, the method further includes: controlling the output component to output the spiked solution and pure water to the evaporating dish, and the spiked solution and pure water form a spiked sample; controlling the concentration component to evaporate the spiked sample in the evaporating dish into a spiked evaporation residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the spiked evaporation residue in the organic solvent; determining that the count of radioactive particles in the spiked evaporation residue detected by the detector is the spiked count; and determining the radioactive activity of the sample to be tested based on the background count and the spiked count.

[0067] In this embodiment, 5 ml of a spiked solution is added to the evaporating dish via a fourth metering pump and a fifth liquid mass flowmeter. 45 ml of pure water is added to the evaporating dish via a third metering pump and a fifth liquid mass flowmeter. The spiked solution and pure water form a spiked sample. After evaporating the background sample to form a spiked evaporation residue, the spiked evaporation residue is transferred to a filter cartridge via an organic solvent for detection to obtain spiked counts. The spiked sample is measured, and the spiked count rate can be determined based on the spiked counts and the measurement time. The radioactivity concentration in the sample to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Where C is the total α or total β radioactivity concentration in the sample to be tested (Bq / L), n t is the total α or total β counting rate of the sample to be tested (s -1 ), n b is the background count rate of total α or total β of the background sample (s -1 ), n s is the spike count rate of total α or total β of the spiked sample (s-1 ), A is the activity in the spiked sample (Bq), and V is the sampling volume of the sample to be tested (L).

[0070] In some embodiments provided herein, the filter cartridge includes a receiving tube and filter paper, with both ends of the filter paper being wound around rollers on both sides of the receiving tube. After step 105 of controlling the detector to detect the number of radioactive particles in the steam residue, the following steps are further included:

[0071] Step 201, separating the receiving tube from the filter paper;

[0072] Step 202: rotating at least one of the rollers on both sides, so that the roller drives the filter paper to move, so that the steam residue intercepted by the filter paper moves to the outside of the receiving cylinder;

[0073] Step 203, controlling the output component to output pure water to the evaporating dish;

[0074] Step 204: Control the heating jacket of the concentration component to drive the magnetron in the evaporating dish to stir the pure water;

[0075] Step 205: transport the pure water in the evaporating dish into the filter cartridge.

[0076] In this embodiment, before outputting the background sample and spiked sample, i.e., before step 106, the holding cylinder is slowly lifted, and the filter paper is moved by rotating a roller on the side of the holding cylinder, moving the used portion of the filter paper toward the side of the holding cylinder, so that the evaporation residue on the filter paper is removed from the holding cylinder. 50 ml of pure water is added to the evaporating dish via a third metering pump and a fifth liquid mass flowmeter. The heating jacket activates magnetic stirring for 1 minute to clean the evaporating dish. After cleaning, the control valve is opened to allow pure water to flow into the holding cylinder to clean the filter paper at the bottom of the holding cylinder. Steps 203 to 205 of cleaning the evaporating dish and filter paper are repeated at least twice. By updating the filter paper and cleaning the evaporating dish and filter paper, the cleanliness of the evaporation and filtration paths is improved, the residual evaporation residue generated during the measurement operation is reduced, the use of the evaporating dish and filter paper in subsequent operations is facilitated, and the accuracy of the measurement is improved.

[0077] In some embodiments provided herein, step 101 of dividing a sample to be tested into multiple sub-solutions and controlling an output component to output the sample to be tested and a carrier solution to an evaporating dish specifically includes:

[0078] Step 1011, controlling the output component to output a portion of the sub-solution and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish;

[0079] Step 1012, controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight;

[0080] Step 1013, controlling the output component to output a portion of the solution to the evaporating dish;

[0081] Step 1014, controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight;

[0082] Step 1015, repeating steps 1013 and 1014 until all sub-solutions are output.

[0083] In this embodiment, since the sampling volume of the sample to be tested is large, the sample to be tested is divided into multiple sub-solutions, and the sum of the volumes of the multiple sub-solutions is the sampling volume of the sample to be tested. Single sub-solutions are added to the evaporating dish in batches and evaporated and concentrated one by one to improve the evaporation efficiency and evaporation effect of the sample to be tested. First, one sub-solution and a carrier solution are evaporated at an evaporation temperature of 120°. When the net weight measured by the electronic balance is less than 10g, the sub-solution in the evaporating dish is evaporated into a steam residue, and the carrier is almost not lost at the evaporation temperature. Continue to start the sample injection pump to add a sub-solution to the evaporating dish, and continue heating until the net weight measured by the electronic balance is less than 10g. Repeat the addition and evaporation of the sub-solutions until all the sub-solutions are output to obtain all the samples to be tested.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, a method for measuring total alpha and beta radioactivity in water is provided. The method comprises the following steps: injecting a sample to be tested into an evaporating dish, simultaneously adding a carrier to ensure a minimum sampling volume; slowly evaporating and concentrating the sample to be tested, converting it to sulfate, and then evaporating it to dryness; then subjecting the evaporation residue to high-temperature calcination; transferring the evaporation residue to filter paper using an organic solvent, and ensuring uniform spreading by suction filtration; measuring the total alpha and total beta count rates using an alpha-beta detector, and calculating the total alpha and total beta radioactivity concentrations in the sample.

[0085] Step 1: Sample injection. Select a 20% calcium chloride solution as the carrier solution to ensure uniform mixing of the water sample and the carrier. Stop when the net weight measured by the electronic balance reaches 50g to form the test solution.

[0086] Step 2: Evaporation and concentration. Set the heating mantle to 120°C and evaporate the test solution in the evaporating dish. When the net weight measured by the electronic balance is less than 10g, add the test sample to the evaporating dish until it reaches the preset volume. Continue heating until the evaporating dish is dry (net weight less than 10g).

[0087] Step 3: Sulfation: Add 5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish and continue heating and evaporating for 10 minutes. Then, heat the heating mantle at 150°C for 1 hour to ensure that the sulfuric acid mist is completely dissipated.

[0088] Step 4: Sample Ignition: Heat the heating mantle at 350°C for 1 hour. Measure the net weight m1 using an electronic balance. Turn off the heating mantle and allow the sample to cool naturally for 30 minutes.

[0089] Step 5: Sample transfer. Add 50ml of acetone to the evaporating dish and activate the stirring function of the heating mantle. Continue stirring for 1 minute and then stop. Open the control valve to allow the sample to flow into the holding tube. Repeat this process twice.

[0090] Step 6: Sample Filtration. Turn on the vacuum pump in the filtration unit. Under negative pressure, the acetone in the container is filtered into the filtration bottle, and the evaporation residue remains on the filter paper, forming the sample to be tested. After running for 1 hour, let the evaporation residue sample dry naturally, and turn off the vacuum pump.

[0091] Step 7: Sample measurement. Turn on the αβ detector to measure the α count rate or β count rate of the steam residue sample. t After the measurement time t has elapsed, the measurement stops.

[0092] Step 8: Clean the pipes. Slowly lift the holding cylinder and, using the roller, transfer the used filter paper out of the holding cylinder. Add 50ml of pure water to the evaporating dish. Activate the stirring function of the heating mantle and continue stirring for 1 minute. Open the control valve to allow the sample to flow into the holding cylinder of the measuring unit. Repeat this process twice.

[0093] Step 9: Background sample determination. Add 5ml of carrier solution and 45ml of pure water to the evaporating dish. Repeat steps 2 to 6 to measure the αβ detector's α counting rate or β counting rate n for the background sample. b .

[0094] Step 10: Determination of spiked sample. Pour 5ml of spiked solution and 45ml of pure water into the evaporating dish. Repeat steps 2 to 6 to measure the αβ detector's α count rate or β count rate n for the spiked sample. s .

[0095] In the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise. Terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0096] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0097] Throughout this specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," and "specific embodiments" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0098] The above are merely some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring radioactive activity in water, characterized in that: include: An output component, the output component comprising: A sample injection unit, used for outputting the sample to be tested; A carrier unit; used for outputting a carrier solution, wherein the carrier solution is mixed with the sample to be tested to form a test solution; A solvent unit for outputting an organic solvent, wherein the outlet end of the sample injection unit, the outlet end of the carrier unit, and the outlet end of the solvent unit respectively form the output end of the output assembly; a concentration assembly, wherein the concentration assembly includes an evaporating dish, the evaporating dish being located at the output end of the output assembly, and the evaporating dish being used to contain the organic solvent after evaporating the test solution into a steam residue; The measuring component includes a filter cartridge and a detector. The filter cartridge is located at the output end of the evaporating dish and is used to intercept the evaporation residue in the organic solvent. The detector is used to detect the number of radioactive particles in the intercepted evaporation residue.

2. The water body radioactivity measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output component also includes: a sulfuric acid unit, configured to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish; A pure water unit, used for outputting pure water to the evaporating dish; The spike addition unit is used to output the spiked solution to the evaporating dish. The outlet end of the sulfuric acid unit, the outlet end of the pure water unit and the outlet end of the spike addition unit respectively form the output ends of the output component.

3. The water body radioactivity measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter cartridge includes: a receiving cylinder, wherein the inlet end of the receiving cylinder can be connected to the output end of the evaporating dish; filter paper, detachably connected to the outlet end of the accommodating cylinder; The measuring component further comprises at least two rollers, which are respectively located on both sides of the accommodating cylinder, and the two ends of the filter paper are respectively wound around the rollers on both sides.

4. The water body radioactivity measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A filtration assembly, comprising: a filtration bottle and a negative pressure pump, wherein the mouth of the filtration bottle is connected to the bottom of the filter cartridge, and the input end of the negative pressure pump is connected to the interior of the filtration bottle; and / or The concentration component further includes: a heating jacket and a magnet. The heating jacket is arranged on the outside of the evaporating dish, and the magnet is arranged in the evaporating dish. The heating jacket can control the rotation of the magnet through magnetism.

5. A method for measuring radioactive activity in water, characterized in that: Utilizing the water body radioactivity measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the measurement method comprises: Controlling the output component to output the sample to be tested and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish to form a solution to be tested; Controlling the concentration component to evaporate the solution to be tested in the evaporating dish into a steam residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the evaporation residue in the organic solvent; The detector is controlled to detect the number of radioactive particles in the steam residue.

6. The method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating jacket of the concentration component is used to heat the evaporating dish. Before the step of controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish, the method further includes: controlling the output component to output sulfuric acid to the evaporating dish; Controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T1 and the heating time to be t1; Controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T2 and the heating time to be t2; Controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T3 and the heating time to be t3, wherein t3≥t2>t1, T3>T2>T1; Obtain the weight of the evaporation residue in the evaporating dish.

7. The method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the step of controlling the detector to detect the number of radioactive particles in the steam residue, the method further comprises: controlling the output component to output the carrier solution and pure water to the evaporating dish, wherein the carrier solution and the pure water form a background sample; Controlling the concentrating component to evaporate the background sample in the evaporating dish into a background evaporation residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the background evaporation residue in the organic solvent; The count of radioactive particles in the background steam residue detected by the detector is determined as the background count.

8. The method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the step of determining that the count of radioactive particles in the background steam residue detected by the detector is the background count, the method further includes: controlling the output component to output the spiked solution and pure water to the evaporating dish, wherein the spiked solution and the pure water form a spiked sample; Controlling the concentration component to evaporate the spiked sample in the evaporating dish into a spiked steam residue; controlling the output component to output the organic solvent to the evaporating dish; transporting the organic solvent in the evaporating dish into a filter cartridge, so that the filter cartridge intercepts the spiked evaporation residue in the organic solvent; determining a count of radioactive particles in the spiked steam residue detected by the detector as a spiked count; The radioactivity of the sample to be tested is determined based on the background count and the spike count.

9. The method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: The filter cartridge includes a receiving tube and filter paper, and both ends of the filter paper are respectively wound on rollers on both sides of the receiving tube. After the step of controlling the detector to detect the number of radioactive particles in the steam residue, the method further includes: separating the containing tube from the filter paper; Rotating at least one of the rollers on both sides to drive the filter paper to move, so that the steaming residue intercepted by the filter paper moves to the outside of the accommodating cylinder; Controlling the output component to output pure water to the evaporating dish; Controlling the heating jacket of the concentration component to drive the magnet in the evaporating dish to stir the pure water; The pure water in the evaporating dish is transported into the filter cartridge.

10. The method for measuring radioactive activity in water according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of dividing the sample to be tested into a plurality of sub-solutions, and controlling the output component to output the sample to be tested and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish specifically includes: Controlling the output component to output a portion of the sub-solution and the carrier solution to the evaporating dish; Controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight; Controlling the output component to output a portion of the sub-solution to the evaporating dish; Controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to T1 so that the weight of the medium in the evaporating dish is less than or equal to a preset weight; The steps of controlling the output component to output a portion of the sub-solution to the evaporating dish and controlling the heating temperature of the heating jacket to be T1 are repeated until all the sub-solutions are output.

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