Method and system for optimizing heat absorption rate of waste incinerator heating surface

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of waste incinerators, and discloses a waste incinerator heating surface heat absorption rate optimization method and system, which comprises the following steps: dividing each heat exchange pipe into different sections, collecting heat exchange data of each section of each heat exchange pipe respectively; calculating heat exchange degeneration indexes and response delay indexes of each section based on the heat exchange data; aggregating different sections into regulation areas based on the heat exchange degeneration indexes; calculating heat exchange degeneration indexes and response delay indexes of each regulation area, and performing flue gas side regulation on each regulation area; calculating heat exchange efficiency indexes of each heat exchange pipe based on the response delay indexes of each section, and performing steam measurement regulation on each heat exchange pipe based on the heat exchange efficiency indexes. The application realizes partitioned optimization regulation of the waste incinerator heating surface, and improves the overall heat absorption efficiency and heat energy utilization level of the waste incinerator.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of waste incinerators, and in particular to a waste incinerator heat absorption rate optimization method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important waste treatment device, a waste incinerator not only realizes harmless treatment of waste, but also provides considerable energy for power generation and heat supply through a waste heat recovery system. In actual operation, due to the complex composition of waste, unstable combustion, strong adhesion of ash and slag and other reasons, the heat absorption rate of the heat receiving surface of the waste incinerator often appears to be unbalanced or even gradually degraded. To deal with the above problems, periodic soot blowing, adjusting the air duct baffle or overall flow regulation and other means are mainly used in current engineering practice, but these means generally have some shortcomings.

[0003] Current most regulation and control measures are still based on the operation of the whole furnace or large area scale, such as increasing the air volume as a whole, soot blowing at a fixed time and the like. This kind of coarse-grained control method fails to consider the obvious spatial heterogeneity of heat exchange degradation in actual operation, cannot achieve precise measures, and instead may cause excessive intervention in some areas and insufficient intervention in other areas, forming new heat imbalance. The setting of soot blowing frequency is often mainly based on the operation cycle, and lacks a linkage mechanism with the actual heat absorption state. The flow guide adjustment is also mainly based on experience, and is difficult to respond to abnormal flue gas flow or ash deposition problems in time. Even if the flue gas side conditions are improved, if the steam flow rate in the heat exchange pipe fluctuates or the thermal response lags, heat utilization efficiency will also be poor. The evaluation of the steam side heat absorption capacity in the current control system is relatively rough, and it is difficult to form differentiated flow regulation strategies, resulting in that heat resources cannot be effectively distributed to high-efficiency heat exchange units.

[0004] Patent application No. CN101936533A discloses a waste incineration waste heat boiler, which comprises a hearth, a hearth inlet and a hearth outlet. The hearth inlet is arranged at the front end of the flue gas passage in the hearth, and the hearth outlet is arranged at the end of the flue gas passage in the hearth. The flue gas passage in the hearth between the hearth inlet and the hearth outlet is provided with a variable cross-section structure. The waste incineration waste heat boiler provided by the scheme has the characteristics of sufficient combustion of waste, effective reduction of toxic and harmful substance emission, adoption of membrane water wall structure for the hearth, high sealing performance of the membrane water wall, high heat exchange efficiency, difficulty in ash deposition, high use efficiency and long service life.

[0005] A garbage incinerator is disclosed in patent application CN118242648A, which comprises an incinerator body, a grate assembly, and a heat exchange assembly. The grate assembly is arranged in the incinerator body. Garbage falls onto the grate through the feed inlet, and the combustion, burning, and cooling of the garbage are completed on the grate. The slag produced by combustion is discharged through the slag discharge port. The heat exchange assembly is arranged at the outlet of the smoke exhaust channel. When the high-temperature flue gas flows through the smoke exhaust pipe, it can exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. The waste heat of the flue gas is used to heat the water in the heat exchange water tank to generate high-temperature steam. The arrangement of the ash removal mechanism can prevent the accumulation of smoke dust in the smoke exhaust pipe body, ensure smooth airflow and the heat conduction effect of the smoke exhaust pipe, and improve the heat exchange efficiency. When cleaning is not required, the valve plate is in the first state, and the wind resistance is small, which will not affect the normal flow of smoke dust.

[0006] The above patents all have the problem pointed out in the background art: lack of evaluation of steam side heat absorption capacity, and inability to distribute heat resources to high-efficiency heat exchange units.

[0007] The information disclosed in this BACKGROUND section is only intended to increase an understanding of the general context in which the present application can be practiced. It is not admitted that any of the information provided in this section is prior art. SUMMARY

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a garbage incinerator heating surface heat absorption rate optimization method and system, and realize the partition optimization control of the garbage incinerator heating surface, and improve the overall heat absorption efficiency and heat energy utilization level of the garbage incinerator.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] On the one hand, the present application provides a garbage incinerator heating surface heat absorption rate optimization method, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Divide each heat exchange pipe into different sections, and collect the heat exchange data of each section of each heat exchange pipe respectively;

[0012] Based on the heat exchange data, calculate the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index of each section;

[0013] Based on the heat exchange degradation index, different sections of different heat exchange pipes are aggregated into control regions;

[0014] Calculate the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index of each control region, and perform flue gas side control on each control region based on the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index;

[0015] Based on the response delay index of each section, calculate the heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange pipe, and perform steam measurement control on each heat exchange pipe based on the heat exchange efficiency index.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the heat absorption rate optimization method of the waste incinerator heating surface described in the application, wherein: the heat exchange data includes flue gas data, steam data and wall temperature data;

[0017] The flue gas data is collected on the flue gas side of the heat exchange pipe, including the flue gas flow rate at each time point;

[0018] The steam data is collected on the steam side of the heat exchange pipe, including the steam temperature difference at each time point; the steam temperature difference of a certain section is the difference between the steam temperature at the end point of the section and the steam temperature at the start point of the section;

[0019] The wall temperature data is collected on the flue gas side or the steam side of the heat exchange pipe, including the pipe wall temperature of the heat exchange pipe at each time point.

[0020] As a preferred scheme of the heat absorption rate optimization method of the waste incinerator heating surface described in the application, wherein: the heat exchange degradation index of a certain section is calculated based on the wall temperature data and the flue gas data, specifically including:

[0021] Drawing a wall temperature change curve of each section based on the wall temperature data of each section; the wall temperature change curve of a certain section is a curve of the pipe wall temperature changing with time;

[0022] Setting a fixed length time window; intercepting the most recent curve segment of each wall temperature change curve through the time window;

[0023] Calculating the average slope of the intercepted curve segment as the temperature rise index of each section;

[0024] Selecting a certain section as a target section; calculating the reference temperature rise index of the target section, specifically including: calculating the spatial distance between each section and the target section; marking the sections with a spatial distance less than a preset distance threshold from the target section as adjacent sections of the target section; calculating the mean of the temperature rise indexes of all adjacent sections as the reference temperature rise index of the target section;

[0025] Calculating the ratio of the temperature rise index of the target section to the reference temperature rise index as the local degradation rate of the target section; if the local degradation rate is greater than a preset local degradation rate threshold, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0, otherwise, judging whether the target section exists flue gas blockage based on the flue gas data; if it exists, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 1 minus the local degradation rate, otherwise, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0.

[0026] As a preferred scheme of the heat absorption rate optimization method of the waste incinerator heating surface described in the application, wherein: the method for judging whether the target section exists flue gas blockage based on the flue gas data is as follows:

[0027] arranging the flue gas data of the target section into a time series of flue gas flow rate; performing frequency domain conversion on the time series of flue gas flow rate to obtain a frequency spectrum of flue gas flow rate of the target section;

[0028] calculating a high-frequency energy proportion in the frequency spectrum of flue gas flow rate of the target section and a frequency spectrum bandwidth; if the high-frequency energy proportion is less than a preset high-frequency energy proportion threshold or the frequency spectrum bandwidth is less than a preset frequency spectrum bandwidth threshold, the target section has flue gas blockage, otherwise, the target section does not have flue gas blockage.

[0029] As a preferred scheme of the heat absorption rate optimization method of the waste incinerator heating surface described in the present application, wherein: the response delay index of any section is calculated based on the wall temperature data and the steam data, specifically including:

[0030] arranging the wall temperature data of each section into a time series of tube wall temperature; arranging the steam data of each section into a time series of steam temperature difference;

[0031] for any section, time series alignment is performed on the time series of tube wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference of each section; cross-correlation coefficients of the time series of tube wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference at different lag times are calculated; the lag time corresponding to the maximum cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of tube wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference is extracted as the response delay index of the corresponding section.

[0032] As a preferred scheme of the heat absorption rate optimization method of the waste incinerator heating surface described in the present application, wherein: different sections of different heat exchange tubes are aggregated into control regions based on the heat exchange degradation index, specifically including:

[0033] establishing a coordinate system to record the three-dimensional coordinate range of each section of each heat exchange tube;

[0034] extracting the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of each section based on the three-dimensional coordinate range, and constructing a three-dimensional point lattice containing the geometric centers of all sections; any point in the three-dimensional point lattice corresponds to the geometric center of a section, and the coordinates of the point are the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of the corresponding section;

[0035] setting the number of control regions as N; based on the heat exchange degradation index of each section, the three-dimensional point lattice is divided into N point sets through a region growing algorithm;

[0036] based on the correspondence between points in each point set and sections, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are correspondingly divided into N control regions.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in this application, wherein: the heat transfer degradation index of any control zone is the average of the heat transfer degradation indices of all sections in the control zone; and the response delay index of any control zone is the average of the response delay indices of all sections in the control zone.

[0038] The aforementioned flue gas-side regulation of each regulation zone includes setting the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency for each regulation zone, specifically including:

[0039] Based on the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index of each control zone, the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency are set for each control zone. The larger the heat exchange degradation index of any control zone, the larger the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency; the larger the response delay index of any control zone, the smaller the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in this application, the method for calculating the heat exchange efficiency index of any heat exchange tube is as follows:

[0041] The response delay index of each section in the heat exchanger tube is normalized; the response efficiency index of each section is calculated; wherein, the response efficiency index of any section is 1 minus the normalized value of the response delay index of the corresponding section; the response efficiency indices of all sections in the heat exchanger tube are weighted and summed to obtain the heat exchange efficiency index of the heat exchanger tube; in the weighted summation, the weight value of any section is assigned based on the heat exchange degradation index of the corresponding section, and the larger the heat exchange degradation index, the smaller the weight value of the corresponding section; the sum of the weight values ​​of all sections in the heat exchanger tube is 1.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in this application, the step of regulating the steam side of each heat exchange tube includes regulating the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube, specifically including: setting the total steam flow rate of all heat exchange tubes; allocating the total steam flow rate to the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange tube, and the higher the heat exchange efficiency index, the greater the steam flow rate of the corresponding heat exchange tube.

[0043] Secondly, this application provides a system for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator, including a flue gas monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, a calculation module, a first strategy module, a second strategy module, and an execution module; wherein:

[0044] The flue gas monitoring module is used to collect flue gas data from the heat exchange tubes; the temperature monitoring module is used to collect steam data and wall temperature data from the heat exchange tubes.

[0045] The calculation module calculates the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index for each section of each heat exchange tube based on the flue gas data, steam data, and wall temperature data.

[0046] The first strategy module aggregates different sections of different heat exchange tubes into control areas based on the heat exchange degradation index, and performs flue gas-side control on each control area, outputting flue gas-side control commands.

[0047] The second strategy module performs steam-side regulation on each heat exchange tube based on the response delay index and outputs steam-side regulation commands.

[0048] The execution module is used to execute the flue gas-side control commands and steam-side control commands, and to adjust the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency of each control zone as well as the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this application are as follows:

[0050] This invention, by combining characteristics such as wall temperature rise rate and flue gas disturbance spectrum, can effectively identify local heat exchange efficiency degradation caused by flue gas flow obstruction, solving the problem of delayed or misjudged identification of local heat exchange degradation in existing solutions. Based on the differentiated setting of flow guidance intensity and soot blowing frequency according to heat exchange degradation and response delay indices, it achieves refined control on the flue gas side, breaking away from the traditional global integrated adjustment method and improving the efficiency of local thermal barrier control.

[0051] Introducing the steam response delay index as a quantitative description of the heat exchange response capability on the steam side provides data support for steam distribution optimization, overcomes the limitations of traditional control that only focuses on the flue gas side, significantly improves problems such as local ash accumulation, stagnation, and heat exchange lag, enhances the stability of furnace outlet steam, and improves heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0053] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator provided in this application;

[0054] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the waste incinerator heating surface heat absorption rate optimization system provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of this application, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Example 1

[0056] This embodiment describes a method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface in a waste incinerator, referring to... Figure 1 The method includes the following steps:

[0057] Each heat exchange tube is divided into different sections, and heat exchange data for each section of each heat exchange tube is collected separately.

[0058] The heat exchange data includes flue gas data, steam data, and wall temperature data;

[0059] The flue gas data is collected on the flue gas side of the heat exchange tube, including the flue gas velocity at each time point;

[0060] The steam data is collected at the steam measurement point of the heat exchanger tube, including the steam temperature difference at each time point; the steam temperature difference of any segment is the difference between the steam temperature at the end of the segment and the steam temperature at the beginning of the segment.

[0061] The wall temperature data is collected on the flue gas side or steam side of the heat exchange tube, including the tube wall temperature at each time point.

[0062] This application's solution can be applied to heat exchange environments such as superheaters in waste incinerators to optimize the heat absorption rate of the heated surfaces and improve heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchange environment is equipped with multiple parallel heat exchange tubes. Steam flows inside the heat exchange tubes (steam side), while high-temperature flue gas generated by waste incineration flows outside the tubes (flue gas side). The heat from the high-temperature flue gas is transferred to the steam through the tube walls, transforming it into superheated steam and increasing its thermal energy for subsequent power generation or heating. For any section of any heat exchange tube, steam flows from its starting point to its ending point.

[0063] Optionally, in this embodiment, flue gas data is collected by arranging gas flow meters or velocity meters, with a sampling frequency of not less than 20Hz to support subsequent spectrum analysis; steam data is collected by arranging insertion thermocouples; wall temperature data is collected by arranging thermocouples, and supplemented by infrared sensors for non-contact temperature verification.

[0064] Based on the heat exchange data, calculate the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index for each section;

[0065] The heat transfer degradation index for any section is calculated based on the wall temperature data and flue gas data, specifically including:

[0066] The wall temperature change curve for each section is plotted based on the wall temperature data for each section; the wall temperature change curve for any section is a curve showing the change of pipe wall temperature over time.

[0067] Set a fixed-length time window; extract the curve segment with the closest time from each wall temperature change curve through the time window; that is, the extracted curve segment contains several pipe wall temperatures with the time point closest to the current time, and the number of pipe wall temperatures in the curve segment corresponds to the length of the time window.

[0068] The average slope of the intercepted curve segments is calculated as the temperature rise index for each segment.

[0069] Select any segment as the target segment; calculate the reference temperature rise index of the target segment, specifically including: calculating the spatial distance between each segment and the target segment; marking segments whose spatial distance from the target segment is less than a preset distance threshold as neighboring segments of the target segment; calculating the average temperature rise index of all neighboring segments as the reference temperature rise index of the target segment.

[0070] The ratio of the temperature rise index of the target section to the reference temperature rise index is calculated as the local degradation rate of the target section. If the local degradation rate is greater than the preset local degradation rate threshold, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0. Otherwise, it is determined whether there is flue gas stagnation in the target section based on the flue gas data. If there is, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 1 minus the local degradation rate. Otherwise, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0.

[0071] The temperature rise index reflects the rate of wall temperature increase in the target section. This rate is influenced by multiple factors, including flue gas flow disturbances and fluctuations in flue gas and steam temperatures. If the wall temperature rise rate in the target section is significantly lower than in adjacent areas, there may be problems such as insufficient flue gas flow or uneven heat load. By determining whether flue gas blockage exists, the cause of the excessively low temperature rise index can be attributed. If it is caused by flue gas blockage, subsequent control measures will be triggered. If it is caused by factors such as low local steam temperatures, it is a normal system fluctuation and does not require triggering local control measures.

[0072] The method for determining whether flue gas blockage exists in a target section based on flue gas data is as follows:

[0073] The flue gas data of the target section is organized into a time series of flue gas velocity; the time series of flue gas velocity is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the spectrum of flue gas velocity in the target section.

[0074] Calculate the proportion of high-frequency energy in the spectrum of flue gas velocity in the target section, and calculate the spectrum bandwidth; if the proportion of high-frequency energy is less than a preset high-frequency energy proportion threshold, or the spectrum bandwidth is less than a preset spectrum bandwidth threshold, then there is flue gas obstruction in the target section; otherwise, there is no flue gas obstruction in the target section.

[0075] Optionally, a frequency threshold is set, and frequency components in the spectrum above the frequency threshold are marked as high-frequency components. The sum of the energy proportions of all high-frequency components is calculated as the high-frequency energy proportion. The frequency bandwidth covered by the frequency range that makes the cumulative energy proportion reach 95% is calculated as the spectral bandwidth. Optionally, the high-frequency energy proportion of each segment is calculated multiple times at different times and the average value is used as the high-frequency energy proportion threshold for each segment. The spectral bandwidth of each segment is calculated multiple times at different times and the average value is used as the spectral bandwidth threshold for each segment. When there is no local obstruction in the flue gas, the flue gas turbulence is rich, and there are a large number of small-scale disturbances, which are manifested as high-frequency component energy in the spectrum. If the flue gas flow is affected by ash accumulation, structural corners, etc. in a certain segment, resulting in phenomena such as decreased flow velocity, laminarization, or an increase in recirculation areas, the small-scale disturbances attenuate, and the high-frequency energy decreases. In sections where flue gas flows freely and is sufficiently disturbed, the spectrum exhibits a wide broadband distribution, containing low-frequency components corresponding to large vortices and high-frequency components corresponding to small vortices. If the flue gas flow is obstructed or viscous loss is enhanced, there is a lack of multi-scale disturbances, resulting in the spectral energy being concentrated in a narrow frequency band and the spectral bandwidth shrinking.

[0076] The response delay index for any segment is calculated based on the wall temperature data and steam data, specifically including:

[0077] The wall temperature data for each section were compiled into a time series of pipe wall temperature; the steam data for each section were compiled into a time series of steam temperature difference.

[0078] For any given segment, the time series of pipe wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference are time-aligned; the cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of pipe wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference is calculated at different lag times; the lag time corresponding to the maximum cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of pipe wall temperature and the time series of steam temperature difference is extracted as the response delay index of the corresponding segment.

[0079] The response delay index reflects the steam heat absorption efficiency of each section. The larger the response delay index, the lower the efficiency of steam absorbing heat from the pipe wall; the smaller the response delay index, the higher the heat absorption potential of the corresponding section of steam.

[0080] Based on the aforementioned heat exchange degradation index, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are aggregated into control zones; specifically including:

[0081] Establish a coordinate system and record the three-dimensional coordinate range of each section of each heat exchanger tube;

[0082] Based on the three-dimensional coordinate range, the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of each segment are extracted, and a three-dimensional point matrix containing the geometric centers of all segments is constructed; any point in the three-dimensional point matrix corresponds to the geometric center of a segment, and the coordinates of the point are the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of the corresponding segment.

[0083] Set the number of control zones, denoted as N; based on the heat transfer degradation index of each zone, divide the three-dimensional lattice into N point sets using a region growing algorithm;

[0084] Based on the correspondence between each point and section, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are divided into N control zones.

[0085] By using a region growth algorithm, spatially adjacent segments with similar heat transfer degradation indices are aggregated into control regions to reduce the control granularity of subsequent flue gas-side control, ensure the feasibility of flue gas-side control, and improve control efficiency.

[0086] Calculate the heat transfer degradation index and response delay index for each control zone, and perform flue gas-side control for each control zone based on the heat transfer degradation index and response delay index;

[0087] The heat exchange degradation index of any control zone is the average of the heat exchange degradation indices of all sections within the control zone; the response delay index of any control zone is the average of the response delay indices of all sections within the control zone.

[0088] The aforementioned flue gas-side regulation of each regulation zone includes setting the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency for each regulation zone, specifically including:

[0089] Based on the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index of each control zone, the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency are set for each control zone. The larger the heat exchange degradation index of any control zone, the larger the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency; the larger the response delay index of any control zone, the smaller the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency.

[0090] When the heat transfer degradation index of any control zone is large, there is a significant decrease in heat transfer capacity in that zone, resulting in abnormalities such as ash accumulation and weakened flue gas flow. Increasing the flow guiding intensity helps increase local flow velocity, improve flue gas stagnation, and restore the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange surface. Increasing the soot blowing frequency can remove deposits on the heated surface more promptly, improving surface cleanliness and thus restoring heat transfer efficiency. When the response delay index of any control zone is large, the thermal response of steam in that zone is slow, with factors such as high inertia of the heat transfer structure and weak heat transfer paths, resulting in significant heat waste. Reducing the flue gas intervention intensity in this zone, thereby prioritizing the allocation of heat resources to high heat absorption efficiency zones with smaller response delay indices, can achieve global heat absorption efficiency optimization.

[0091] In this embodiment, flow guiding devices such as baffles, guide vanes, deflector valves, and pneumatic baffles are flexibly arranged at any position in the flue as needed, and are used in conjunction with electric actuators to control the flow intensity in any control area, such as adjusting the flow rate and direction of the flue gas. Steam sootblowers or sonic sootblowers are arranged in various locations in the flue through nozzle arrays and independent valve units to achieve independent control of the sootblowing frequency in different control areas.

[0092] The decline in heat absorption efficiency of the heating surfaces in waste incinerators is often caused by the deterioration of the flow field of flue gas between heat exchange tube bundles, such as flow deviation, recirculation, and dead zones. However, these phenomena are often difficult to identify in real time. This application uses sensor data to infer invisible thermal barrier phenomena, enabling early identification of the decline in heat absorption efficiency and timely response control. This avoids indiscriminate ash cleaning or flow diversion of the entire furnace and improves the level of refined control for optimizing heat absorption rate.

[0093] The heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange tube is calculated based on the response delay index of each section, and steam measurement and control are performed on each heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange efficiency index.

[0094] The method for calculating the heat transfer efficiency index of any heat exchanger tube is as follows:

[0095] The response delay index of each section in the heat exchanger tube is normalized; the response efficiency index of each section is calculated; wherein, the response efficiency index of any section is 1 minus the normalized value of the response delay index of the corresponding section; the response efficiency indices of all sections in the heat exchanger tube are weighted and summed to obtain the heat exchange efficiency index of the heat exchanger tube; in the weighted summation, the weight value of any section is assigned based on the heat exchange degradation index of the corresponding section, and the larger the heat exchange degradation index, the smaller the weight value of the corresponding section; the sum of the weight values ​​of all sections in the heat exchanger tube is 1.

[0096] The steam-side regulation of each heat exchange tube includes regulating the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube, specifically including: setting the total steam flow rate of all heat exchange tubes; and allocating the total steam flow rate to the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange tube, wherein the higher the heat exchange efficiency index, the greater the steam flow rate of the corresponding heat exchange tube.

[0097] In this embodiment, each heat exchanger tube is equipped with an independent regulating valve to control the steam flow rate of each tube. The steam temperature in different sections of different heat exchanger tubes responds differently to the increase in wall temperature, resulting in inconsistent heat absorption responses. Evenly distributing the steam flow rate would lead to uneven heating, and even heat exchanger tubes with high heat exchange efficiency would experience heat waste. This application addresses this by regulating the steam side of the heat exchanger tubes and adjusting the path distribution of the steam flow, allowing more steam to flow to heat exchanger tubes with faster heat absorption responses and higher heat exchange efficiency. Under the same heat source, more steam can be converted into usable superheated steam, improving the heat absorption rate of the waste incinerator's heating surface while ensuring a stable total steam flow rate. Example 2

[0098] This embodiment is the second embodiment of this application; it is based on the same inventive concept as Embodiment 1, and refers to... Figure 2 This embodiment introduces a system for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator, including a flue gas monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, a calculation module, a first strategy module, a second strategy module, and an execution module; wherein:

[0099] The flue gas monitoring module is used to collect flue gas data from the heat exchange tubes; the temperature monitoring module is used to collect steam data and wall temperature data from the heat exchange tubes; the flue gas data is collected on the flue gas side of the heat exchange tubes, the steam data is collected on the steam side of the heat exchange tubes, and the wall temperature data is collected on either the flue gas side or the steam side of the heat exchange tubes.

[0100] The calculation module calculates the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index for each section of each heat exchange tube based on the flue gas data, steam data, and wall temperature data. The heat exchange degradation index for any section is calculated based on the wall temperature data and flue gas data, reflecting whether there is flue gas blockage in the corresponding section and the degree of heat exchange capacity reduction caused by the flue gas blockage. The response delay index for any section is calculated based on the wall temperature data and steam data, reflecting the steam heat absorption efficiency of the corresponding section.

[0101] The first strategy module aggregates different sections of different heat exchange tubes into control zones based on the heat exchange degradation index, and performs flue gas-side control on each control zone, outputting flue gas-side control instructions; the flue gas-side control instructions include instructions to adjust the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency of each control zone.

[0102] The second strategy module performs steam-side regulation on each heat exchanger tube based on the response delay index and outputs steam-side regulation commands; the steam-side regulation commands include commands to adjust the steam flow rate of each heat exchanger tube.

[0103] The execution module is used to execute the flue gas-side control commands and steam-side control commands, adjusting the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency of each control zone, as well as the steam flow rate of each heat exchanger tube. The execution module includes flow guiding devices such as baffles, guide vanes, deflection valves, and pneumatic baffles, soot blowing devices such as steam soot blowers or sonic soot blowers, and an independent regulating valve for each heat exchanger tube.

[0104] The specific functions of each module described above are explained in the relevant content of the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of the waste incinerator described in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0106] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of protection of this application, and these forms are all within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface in a waste incinerator, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Each heat exchange tube is divided into different sections, and heat exchange data for each section of each heat exchange tube is collected separately. Based on the heat exchange data, calculate the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index for each section; The heat transfer degradation index for any section is calculated based on wall temperature data and flue gas data, and specifically includes: The wall temperature change curve for each section is plotted based on the wall temperature data for each section; the wall temperature change curve for any section is a curve showing the change of pipe wall temperature over time. Set a fixed-length time window; extract the segment of each wall temperature change curve with the closest time frame from the time window; The average slope of the intercepted curve segments is calculated as the temperature rise index for each segment. Select any segment as the target segment; calculate the reference temperature rise index of the target segment, specifically including: calculating the spatial distance between each segment and the target segment; marking segments whose spatial distance from the target segment is less than a preset distance threshold as neighboring segments of the target segment; calculating the average temperature rise index of all neighboring segments as the reference temperature rise index of the target segment. The ratio of the temperature rise index of the target section to the reference temperature rise index is calculated as the local degradation rate of the target section. If the local degradation rate is greater than the preset local degradation rate threshold, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0. Otherwise, it is determined whether there is flue gas blockage in the target section based on the flue gas data. If there is, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 1 minus the local degradation rate. Otherwise, the heat exchange degradation index of the target section is 0. The method for determining whether flue gas blockage exists in a target section based on flue gas data is as follows: The flue gas data of the target section is organized into a time series of flue gas velocity; the time series of flue gas velocity is transformed in the frequency domain to obtain the spectrum of flue gas velocity in the target section. Calculate the proportion of high-frequency energy in the spectrum of flue gas velocity in the target section, and calculate the spectrum bandwidth; if the proportion of high-frequency energy is less than a preset high-frequency energy proportion threshold, or the spectrum bandwidth is less than a preset spectrum bandwidth threshold, then there is flue gas obstruction in the target section; otherwise, there is no flue gas obstruction in the target section. The response delay index for any section is calculated based on wall temperature and steam data, and specifically includes: The wall temperature data for each section were compiled into a time series of pipe wall temperature; the steam data for each section were compiled into a time series of steam temperature difference. For any segment, the time series of pipe wall temperature and steam temperature difference of each segment are time-aligned; the cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of pipe wall temperature and steam temperature difference at different lag times is calculated; the lag time corresponding to the maximum cross-correlation coefficient between the time series of pipe wall temperature and steam temperature difference is extracted as the response delay index of the corresponding segment. Based on the heat exchange degradation index, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are aggregated into control areas; Calculate the heat transfer degradation index and response delay index for each control zone, and perform flue gas-side control for each control zone based on the heat transfer degradation index and response delay index; The heat exchange degradation index of any control zone is the average of the heat exchange degradation indices of all sections within the control zone; the response delay index of any control zone is the average of the response delay indices of all sections within the control zone. The aforementioned flue gas-side regulation of each regulation zone includes setting the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency for each regulation zone, specifically including: Based on the heat transfer degradation index and response delay index of each control zone, the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency are set for each control zone. The larger the heat transfer degradation index of any control zone, the larger the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency; the larger the response delay index of any control zone, the smaller the corresponding flow intensity or soot blowing frequency. The heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange tube is calculated based on the response delay index of each section, and steam measurement and control are performed on each heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange efficiency index.

2. The method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange data includes flue gas data, steam data, and wall temperature data; The flue gas data is collected on the flue gas side of the heat exchange tube, including the flue gas velocity at each time point; The steam data is collected at the steam measurement point of the heat exchanger tube, including the steam temperature difference at each time point; the steam temperature difference of any segment is the difference between the steam temperature at the end of the segment and the steam temperature at the beginning of the segment. The wall temperature data is collected on the flue gas side or steam side of the heat exchange tube, including the tube wall temperature at each time point.

3. The method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the aforementioned heat exchange degradation index, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are aggregated into control zones, specifically including: Establish a coordinate system and record the three-dimensional coordinate range of each section of each heat exchanger tube; Based on the three-dimensional coordinate range, the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of each segment are extracted, and a three-dimensional point matrix containing the geometric centers of all segments is constructed; any point in the three-dimensional point matrix corresponds to the geometric center of a segment, and the coordinates of the point are the three-dimensional coordinates of the geometric center of the corresponding segment. Set the number of control zones, denoted as N; based on the heat transfer degradation index of each zone, divide the three-dimensional lattice into N point sets using a region growing algorithm; Based on the correspondence between each point and section, different sections of different heat exchange tubes are divided into N control zones.

4. The method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The method for calculating the heat transfer efficiency index of any heat exchanger tube is as follows: The response delay index of each section in the heat exchanger tube is normalized; the response efficiency index of each section is calculated; wherein, the response efficiency index of any section is 1 minus the normalized value of the response delay index of the corresponding section; the response efficiency indices of all sections in the heat exchanger tube are weighted and summed to obtain the heat exchange efficiency index of the heat exchanger tube; in the weighted summation, the weight value of any section is assigned based on the heat exchange degradation index of the corresponding section, and the larger the heat exchange degradation index, the smaller the weight value of the corresponding section; the sum of the weight values ​​of all sections in the heat exchanger tube is 1.

5. The method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of the heating surface of a waste incinerator as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The steam-side regulation of each heat exchange tube includes regulating the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube, specifically including: setting the total steam flow rate of all heat exchange tubes; and allocating the total steam flow rate to the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube based on the heat exchange efficiency index of each heat exchange tube, wherein the higher the heat exchange efficiency index, the greater the steam flow rate of the corresponding heat exchange tube.

6. A system for optimizing the heat absorption rate of a waste incinerator's heating surface, used to implement the method for optimizing the heat absorption rate of a waste incinerator's heating surface as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: It includes a flue gas monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, a calculation module, a first strategy module, a second strategy module, and an execution module; among which: The flue gas monitoring module is used to collect flue gas data from the heat exchange tubes; the temperature monitoring module is used to collect steam data and wall temperature data from the heat exchange tubes. The calculation module calculates the heat exchange degradation index and response delay index for each section of each heat exchange tube based on the flue gas data, steam data, and wall temperature data. The first strategy module aggregates different sections of different heat exchange tubes into control areas based on the heat exchange degradation index, and performs flue gas-side control on each control area, outputting flue gas-side control commands. The second strategy module performs steam-side regulation on each heat exchange tube based on the response delay index and outputs steam-side regulation commands. The execution module is used to execute the flue gas-side control commands and steam-side control commands, and to adjust the flow intensity and soot blowing frequency of each control zone as well as the steam flow rate of each heat exchange tube.

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