Cooling system and method of multi-face advertising machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat dissipation system and method for a multi-face advertising machine, and belongs to the technical field of machine heat dissipation. The system comprises a multi-surface temperature monitoring module which is used for monitoring the heating temperature of a preset heating position on the multi-surface advertising machine in real time; the intelligent control module is used for comparing the heating temperature with a preset temperature threshold value, and / or determining the temperature difference condition of the display screens according to the heating temperature, and / or determining the temperature change trend of the multi-surface advertising machine according to the heating temperature, so as to control the display screens according to the comparison result and / or the temperature difference condition and / or the temperature change trend. Generating a heat dissipation strategy through a preset control algorithm; and the composite heat dissipation module is used for controlling the air cooling sub-module, the phase change collaborative heat dissipation sub-module and the vapor chamber auxiliary heat dissipation sub-module to execute corresponding heat dissipation operations according to the heat dissipation strategy. According to the system, a targeted heat dissipation strategy can be provided for the multi-face advertising machine, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, and the temperature of each display screen is within a reasonable range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machine heat dissipation technology, and in particular to a heat dissipation system and method for a multi-faceted advertising machine. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for commercial displays, multi-sided advertising machines have become widely used in public places such as shopping malls, train stations, and airports due to their advantages of all-around display and strong visual impact. Multi-sided advertising machines typically have multiple displays and integrate multiple control boards, power modules, and other electronic components, which generate a significant amount of heat during operation. Compared to traditional single-sided advertising machines, multi-sided advertising machines face greater challenges in heat dissipation: on the one hand, the multi-sided structure results in a more compact internal space, making it difficult for heat to dissipate effectively; on the other hand, the concentrated distribution of multiple displays and electronic components leads to severe localized heat accumulation.

[0003] Currently common cooling methods for advertising displays, such as simple air cooling and liquid cooling technologies, are ineffective when applied to multi-faceted advertising displays. Air cooling, using conventional fans, struggles to create proper airflow within the compact and complex multi-faceted structure, resulting in low cooling efficiency and potential for insufficient cooling in certain areas. Liquid cooling, due to the complex internal layout of multi-faceted advertising displays and the difficulty of piping installation, not only increases system costs and maintenance complexity but also poses a higher risk of liquid leakage. Furthermore, existing multi-faceted advertising display cooling systems generally lack precise monitoring of temperature differences between faces and targeted cooling strategies, failing to intelligently adjust according to the actual temperature of different faces, leading to energy waste and unsatisfactory cooling performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a heat dissipation system and method for a multi-faceted advertising machine, which is used to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: On the one hand, this application provides a heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine. The system includes: a multi-faceted temperature monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the heat dissipation temperature at a preset heat dissipation location on the multi-faceted advertising machine; an intelligent control module for generating a heat dissipation strategy based on the heat dissipation temperature using a preset control algorithm; and a composite heat dissipation module for controlling a wind-cooling submodule, a phase-change synergistic heat dissipation submodule, and a heat spreader-assisted heat dissipation submodule to perform corresponding heat dissipation operations according to the heat dissipation strategy.

[0006] In one possible implementation of this application, the multi-faceted advertising machine includes at least three displays, as well as a controller and power supply component corresponding to each display; the preset heat dissipation locations include at least the back of each display, the top of each controller, the periphery of each power supply component, and the junction of adjacent displays.

[0007] In one possible implementation of this application, the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module includes at least a temperature sensor; the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module is further configured to preprocess the heating temperature value monitored by the temperature sensor, the preprocessing including at least one of filtering, calibration and standardization.

[0008] In one possible implementation of this application, the intelligent control module is used to compare the heating temperature with a preset temperature threshold, and / or determine the temperature difference of each display screen based on the heating temperature, and / or determine the temperature change trend of the multi-faceted advertising machine based on the heating temperature, so as to generate the heat dissipation strategy based on the comparison results and / or temperature difference and / or temperature change trend.

[0009] In one possible implementation of this application, the intelligent control module includes a communication submodule, used to upload the heating temperature of the multi-faceted advertising machine and / or the generated heat dissipation strategy and / or the operating status of the composite heat dissipation module to a remote management center.

[0010] In one possible implementation of this application, in the composite heat dissipation module: the air-cooling submodule includes a variable speed fan group, the variable speed fan group includes at least two variable speed fans, and the size of each variable speed fan is smaller than a preset size threshold.

[0011] In one possible implementation of this application, the system further includes an energy management module, which consists of a lithium battery pack and a solar charging module, wherein the lithium battery pack is used to store electrical energy and the solar charging module is used to charge the lithium battery pack.

[0012] In one possible implementation of this application, the energy management module is used to dynamically output electrical energy to the composite heat dissipation module under the control of the intelligent control module.

[0013] In one possible implementation of this application, the intelligent control module is further configured to periodically perform self-tests on the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module, the composite heat dissipation module, and the energy management module, and to send an alarm to the remote control center through the communication submodule when a fault is found in the self-test results.

[0014] On the other hand, this application also provides a heat dissipation method for a multi-sided advertising machine, which applies a heat dissipation system for a multi-sided advertising machine as described in any of the above implementations. The method includes: real-time monitoring of the heat temperature at a preset heat-generating location on the multi-sided advertising machine; generating a heat dissipation strategy based on the heat temperature using a preset control algorithm; and controlling the air-cooled submodule, the phase-change synergistic heat dissipation submodule, and the heat spreader-assisted heat dissipation submodule in the composite heat dissipation module to perform corresponding heat dissipation operations according to the heat dissipation strategy.

[0015] The heat dissipation system and method for a multi-faceted advertising machine provided in this application have the following beneficial effects: The multi-faceted temperature monitoring module can comprehensively and accurately obtain the temperature distribution of each face and interior of the advertising machine, and obtain the heating temperature of each preset heat-generating location. After the intelligent control module processes the heating temperature, it uses a preset control algorithm to generate a heat dissipation strategy and sends it to the composite heat dissipation module. This enables each sub-module of the composite heat dissipation module to perform the corresponding heat dissipation operation, thereby achieving high-efficiency heat dissipation of the multi-faceted advertising machine. This ensures that the temperature of each face remains within a reasonable range during long-term operation, and prevents performance degradation or malfunctions caused by overheating. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the entire multi-faceted advertising machine. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composite heat dissipation module; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a heat dissipation method for a multi-faceted advertising machine; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of Example 1; In the attached diagram, there are: composite heat dissipation module 100, air-cooled submodule 101, phase change synergistic heat dissipation submodule 102, heat spreader auxiliary heat dissipation submodule 103, heat spreader 104; display module 200, exhaust fan 201, display heat source 202, intelligent control module 203, multi-faceted temperature monitoring module 204, base chassis 300, lithium battery pack 301, cabinet cover 400, and solar charging module 401. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The method in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the multi-faceted advertising machine in this application includes a base chassis 300, a display module 200, a cabinet cover 400, and an exhaust fan 201. Each display module 200 has a corresponding display heat source 202 behind it, and the composite heat dissipation module 100 is preferably disposed on one side of the display heat source 202 to dissipate the heat generated therefrom.

[0020] The heat dissipation system of the multi-faceted advertising machine proposed in this application mainly includes a multi-faceted temperature monitoring module 204, an intelligent control module 203, a composite heat dissipation module 100, and an energy management module. The structure and functions of each module are as follows: The multi-faceted temperature monitoring module 204 is used to monitor the heating temperature of each face and key internal parts of the multi-faceted advertising machine in real time, and transmit the monitored temperature data to the intelligent control module 204.

[0021] In one example, the module places high-precision temperature sensors in areas with concentrated heat-generating components, such as the back of each display surface of the multi-faceted advertising machine, above each control board, and around the power module. Temperature sensors are also installed at special locations prone to heat accumulation, such as the junctions between adjacent surfaces. This allows for comprehensive and accurate acquisition of the temperature distribution across all surfaces and within the advertising machine. Furthermore, the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module 204 has temperature data preprocessing capabilities, performing filtering, calibration, and standardization on the collected temperature data to improve its accuracy and reliability.

[0022] The intelligent control module 203 is used to receive the heat generation temperature data transmitted from the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module 204, and generate a heat dissipation strategy based on the preset temperature threshold, temperature change trend and temperature difference of each face. Based on the heat dissipation strategy, it intelligently controls the working state of the composite heat dissipation module 100 and manages the charging and discharging of the energy management module.

[0023] In one example, the intelligent control module 203 employs a high-performance multi-core microprocessor with built-in advanced intelligent control algorithms. This enables it to quickly analyze and process large amounts of temperature data and formulate personalized heat dissipation strategies based on different temperature conditions. For instance, when the temperature of one side of the multi-sided advertising machine is too high, priority is given to enhancing heat dissipation on that side; when the temperatures of all sides of the multi-sided advertising machine are generally high, multiple heat dissipation methods are activated collaboratively to achieve efficient heat dissipation. Furthermore, the intelligent control module 203 also has the function of communicating with external devices. It can transmit information such as the temperature status of the multi-sided advertising machine and the operating status of the composite heat dissipation module 100 to a remote monitoring center via wireless network and other communication technologies, facilitating real-time monitoring of the equipment status by management personnel.

[0024] The composite heat dissipation module 100 includes an air-cooled sub-module 101, a phase-change synergistic heat dissipation sub-module 102, and a heat spreader auxiliary heat dissipation sub-module 103 disposed on each side.

[0025] The air-cooling submodule 101 features an independent variable-speed fan assembly installed on the outside of each display screen of the multi-sided advertising machine. Each fan assembly consists of multiple small, high-speed fans, whose speeds can be independently adjusted according to the instructions of the intelligent control module 203, thereby achieving differentiated air-cooling for each surface. The fan assemblies are designed for quiet operation, reducing noise while ensuring effective heat dissipation. Furthermore, the optimized installation positions of the fan assemblies create effective air convection channels on each surface of the advertising machine, improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0026] The phase change synergistic heat dissipation submodule 102 has phase change material heat sinks arranged near the heat-generating components inside the multi-faceted advertising machine. The phase change material has the characteristics of high latent heat and a phase change temperature range that is adapted to the operating temperature of the multi-faceted advertising machine. When the internal temperature of the multi-faceted advertising machine rises, the phase change material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, changing from a solid state to a liquid state, absorbing a large amount of heat; when the internal temperature of the multi-faceted advertising machine decreases, the phase change material can change back from a liquid state to a solid state, releasing the stored heat, thereby assisting the air-cooling submodule 101 in heat dissipation and balancing the temperature differences between the surfaces.

[0027] The heat dissipation submodule 103 with a heat spreader plate is installed inside the multi-faceted advertising machine. The heat spreader plate 104 covers and extends over the heat-generating area. Utilizing its efficient heat conduction performance, the heat spreader plate 104 can quickly and evenly distribute the locally concentrated heat of the multi-faceted advertising machine, further improving the uniformity and efficiency of heat dissipation and preventing localized overheating.

[0028] The energy management module includes a solar charging module 401 and a lithium battery pack 301. The lithium battery pack 301 stores electrical energy, while the solar charging module 401, located on top of the cabinet cover 400, converts solar energy into electrical energy for storage. When the multi-faceted advertising machine has high heat dissipation requirements, the energy management module primarily provides additional power support to the composite heat dissipation module 100, ensuring that the composite heat dissipation module 100 can operate at maximum power.

[0029] In one example, the energy management module uses a high-capacity, high-charge-discharge-efficiency lithium battery pack 301 with intelligent charge-discharge management capabilities. A solar charging module 401 is also designed on the top of the multi-faceted advertising machine, which can use solar energy to charge the lithium battery pack 301. Furthermore, the energy management module can dynamically adjust its output power according to the real-time power requirements of the composite heat dissipation module 100, ensuring the stable operation of the composite heat dissipation module 100 and reducing energy consumption.

[0030] The above system enables multi-faceted advertising machines to achieve efficient, intelligent, and reliable heat dissipation, solving the heat dissipation problem caused by the complex structure and concentrated heat of multi-faceted advertising machines. It achieves precise heat dissipation, energy saving and consumption reduction, and ensures the stable operation of the advertising machine, thereby ensuring that the multi-faceted advertising machine will not malfunction due to excessive internal heat during operation and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0031] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a heat dissipation method for a multi-faceted advertising machine, which is implemented using the heat dissipation system of the multi-faceted advertising machine described above.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a heat dissipation method for a multi-faceted advertising machine, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the heat dissipation method includes at least the following steps: Step 401: Monitor the heating temperature of the preset heating position on the multi-faceted advertising machine in real time.

[0033] The multi-faceted advertising machine's heat dissipation system uses a multi-faceted temperature monitoring module to monitor the temperature of each face and key internal components of the multi-faceted advertising machine in real time. The collected temperature data undergoes preprocessing processes such as filtering, calibration, and standardization before being transmitted to the intelligent control module.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned key internal components, i.e., the preset heat-generating locations, include at least one of the following: the back of each display screen, above each controller, around each power supply component, and at the junction of adjacent display screens.

[0035] Step 402: Generate a heat dissipation strategy based on the heat generation temperature using a preset control algorithm.

[0036] After receiving temperature data from the multi-faceted temperature detection module, the intelligent control module analyzes the temperature distribution on each face and inside the advertising machine, determining whether it exceeds a preset high-temperature threshold, whether the temperature difference between faces exceeds the allowable range, and the temperature change trend of the multi-faceted advertising machine. Based on the analysis results and combined with preset control algorithms / rules, a targeted heat dissipation strategy is generated.

[0037] Step 403: Based on the heat dissipation strategy, control the air-cooled submodule, phase-change synergistic heat dissipation submodule and heat spreader auxiliary heat dissipation submodule in the composite heat dissipation module to perform the corresponding heat dissipation operations.

[0038] In one example, if the temperature of one side of the multi-sided advertising machine exceeds the high-temperature threshold, the intelligent control module can activate the air-cooling sub-module of that side and adjust the speed of the variable-speed fan group on that side according to the degree to which the temperature exceeds the threshold. At the same time, the phase change collaborative heat dissipation sub-module near that side is activated to absorb heat using phase change materials to assist in heat dissipation. If the temperature of all sides is generally high, the air-cooling sub-modules of all sides are activated simultaneously, and the speed of the fan group on each side is adjusted according to the temperature. The phase change collaborative heat dissipation sub-module and the heat dissipation plate auxiliary heat dissipation sub-module are activated in tandem to improve the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0039] Furthermore, during the heat dissipation process, the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module continuously monitors temperature changes and transmits the temperature data to the intelligent control module in real time. This allows the intelligent control module to dynamically adjust the operating status of each heat dissipation sub-module based on the temperature change trend. For example, if the temperature of a certain face drops rapidly, the fan speed on that face is appropriately reduced; if the temperature of a certain face drops slowly or is still rising, the fan speed is further increased or phase change heat dissipation is enhanced.

[0040] In addition, the energy management module monitors its own power consumption in real time during the operation of the advertising machine. When the advertising machine has a high heat dissipation demand and the existing power supply cannot meet the maximum power operation requirements of the composite heat dissipation module, the energy management module supplies power to the composite heat dissipation module to ensure that the heat dissipation module works normally.

[0041] In one possible implementation of this application, the heat dissipation scheme also includes self-testing and fault handling of the heat dissipation system. Specifically, the intelligent control module can periodically perform self-tests on the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module, the composite heat dissipation module, and the energy management module. If a fault is detected in any of these modules, an alarm message is issued promptly, and corresponding emergency measures are taken. For example, the workload of the multi-faceted advertising machine is reduced to decrease heat generation; or, if a heat dissipation submodule fails, the fault information is immediately transmitted to a remote monitoring center for maintenance personnel to handle.

[0042] Example 1 like Figure 5 As shown, the heat dissipation system and method of this application are applied in a six-sided advertising display. Each side of the display is equipped with a 45-inch high-definition display screen, and integrates six high-performance control boards and a 200W power supply module. High-precision temperature sensors are installed on the back of the six display sides, above the control boards, around the power supply module, and at the junctions between the sides, forming a multi-sided temperature monitoring module. The intelligent control module uses a multi-core microprocessor based on the ARM architecture, possessing powerful data processing and intelligent control capabilities.

[0043] In the composite heat dissipation module, the air-cooling submodule installs a variable-speed fan group consisting of four small, high-speed, silent fans on the outer side of each display surface, with a fan speed adjustment range of 1000-3500 RPM; the phase change synergistic heat dissipation submodule uses a paraffin-based phase change material, encapsulated in a metal heat sink, and is placed near the heat-generating elements; the vapor chamber auxiliary heat dissipation submodule uses a copper vapor chamber, covering the heat-generating area and extending between the surfaces. The energy management module uses a lithium battery pack consisting of eight 18650 lithium batteries, with a total capacity of 15Ah and a rated voltage of 29.6V.

[0044] After the advertising machine played high-definition video continuously for 3 hours, the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module detected that the temperature on the back of one of the display screens reached 58℃, exceeding the preset high-temperature threshold of 55℃, or the temperature difference between this side and other sides reached more than 8℃. Based on the temperature data, the intelligent control module immediately activated the air-cooling sub-module and exhaust fan for that side, adjusting the fan speed to 3000 RPM. Simultaneously, it activated the phase-change synergistic heat dissipation sub-module and the vapor chamber auxiliary heat dissipation sub-module near that side. As the heat dissipation process progressed, the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module continuously reported temperature changes. Based on the temperature decrease trend, the intelligent control module gradually adjusted the fan speed and the operating status of each heat dissipation sub-module. When the temperature of that side dropped to 48℃, below the preset low-temperature threshold of 50℃, the intelligent control module gradually reduced the fan speed until the air-cooling sub-module for that side was shut down. Meanwhile, the phase-change synergistic heat dissipation sub-module and the vapor chamber auxiliary heat dissipation sub-module continued to operate until the temperature stabilized. During the operation of the advertising machine, the energy management module rationally performed charging and discharging operations based on its own power consumption and the power requirements of the heat dissipation system to ensure the stable operation of the heat dissipation system.

[0045] By applying the heat dissipation system and method of this application, the temperature of each side of the six-sided advertising machine remains within a reasonable range during long-term operation, and there will be no performance degradation or malfunction due to overheating.

[0046] The various embodiments in this application are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the device embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0047] The equipment and method provided in this application are one-to-one correspondences. Therefore, the equipment also has similar beneficial technical effects as its corresponding method. Since the beneficial technical effects of the method have been described in detail above, the beneficial technical effects of the equipment will not be repeated here.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, apparatus, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media containing computer-usable program code.

[0049] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0050] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine, characterized in that, The system includes: A multi-faceted temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the heating temperature of preset heating locations on the multi-faceted advertising machine in real time. The intelligent control module is used to generate a heat dissipation strategy based on the heat generation temperature using a preset control algorithm. The composite heat dissipation module is used to control the air-cooled submodule, the phase-change synergistic heat dissipation submodule, and the heat spreader-assisted heat dissipation submodule to perform corresponding heat dissipation operations according to the heat dissipation strategy.

2. The heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-faceted advertising machine includes at least three displays, as well as a controller and power supply component for each display; The preset heat-generating locations include at least the back of each display screen, the top of each controller, the periphery of each power supply component, and the junctions between adjacent display screens.

3. The heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-faceted temperature monitoring module includes at least a temperature sensor; The multi-faceted temperature monitoring module is also used to preprocess the heating temperature value monitored by the temperature sensor, and the preprocessing includes at least one of filtering, calibration and standardization.

4. The heat dissipation system of a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module is used to compare the heating temperature with a preset temperature threshold, and / or determine the temperature difference of each display screen based on the heating temperature, and / or determine the temperature change trend of the multi-faceted advertising machine based on the heating temperature, so as to generate the heat dissipation strategy based on the comparison results and / or temperature difference and / or temperature change trend.

5. The heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes a communication submodule, used to upload the heating temperature of the multi-faceted advertising machine and / or the generated heat dissipation strategy and / or the operating status of the composite heat dissipation module to the remote management center.

6. The heat dissipation system of a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the composite heat dissipation module: The air-cooled submodule includes a variable speed fan group, which includes at least two variable speed fans, and the size of each variable speed fan is smaller than a preset size threshold.

7. The heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: The energy management module consists of a lithium battery pack and a solar charging module. The lithium battery pack is used to store electrical energy, and the solar charging module is used to charge the lithium battery pack.

8. The heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy management module is used to dynamically output electrical energy to the composite heat dissipation module under the control of the intelligent control module.

9. The heat dissipation system of a multi-faceted advertising machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The intelligent control module is also used to periodically perform self-tests on the multi-faceted temperature monitoring module, the composite heat dissipation module, and the energy management module, and to send an alarm to the remote control center through the communication submodule when a fault is found in the self-test results.

10. A heat dissipation method for a multi-faceted advertising machine, employing a heat dissipation system for a multi-faceted advertising machine as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: The heating temperature of the preset heating position on the multi-faceted advertising machine is monitored in real time; Based on the heat generation temperature, a heat dissipation strategy is generated using a preset control algorithm; According to the heat dissipation strategy, the air-cooled submodule, the phase-change synergistic heat dissipation submodule, and the heat spreader-assisted heat dissipation submodule in the composite heat dissipation module are controlled to perform corresponding heat dissipation operations.

Images