Low-temperature protection type metal product laser welding device
By designing the clamping and protective structures, the problems of unstable clamping and high-temperature oxidation during the welding process of metal product laser welding devices have been solved, achieving stable welding and efficient cleaning, and improving welding quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511246049.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In existing laser welding equipment for metal products, the clamping structure cannot move with the welding position during the welding process, which causes the metal sheet to deform, crack or gap due to thermal expansion and contraction stress, and the welding area is easily affected by dust and high temperature.
The system employs a clamping structure and a protective structure. The clamping structure uses a two-way lead screw and a rotating column to achieve synchronous movement of the clamping plate, thus counteracting the stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction. The protective structure uses low-temperature protective gas and rotating jet airflow to reduce the temperature of the welding area, remove dust, and reduce the risk of oxidation. The lubrication structure uses a rotating sleeve and a pressing block to reduce friction.
It achieves stability and precision in clamping during the welding process, prevents deformation and oxidation, improves welding results, and reduces incomplete fusion defects and additional cleaning time and costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121131995A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular to a low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products. Background Technology
[0002] Laser welding equipment for metal products is a highly efficient and precise welding device that uses a high-energy laser beam as a heat source to locally heat metal materials to a molten state, achieving material joining. The laser welding device generates a concentrated beam of light (i.e., a laser) by exciting electrons or molecules, and then uses this high-intensity laser beam to radiate onto the metal surface, locally heating the material over a small area. The energy of the laser radiation diffuses into the material through heat conduction, causing the material to melt and form a specific molten pool, thus achieving the welding purpose. When welding metals, cryogenic protection is also necessary. Cryogenic protection refers to controlling the temperature of the welding area or reducing the negative impact of high temperatures on metal products through technical means during the welding process. During the welding process of metal sheets, clamping is also required. The traditional method is to clamp the metal sheet in a positioning manner, so that it cannot move with the welding position during the welding process. This causes the weld joint of the metal sheet to deform and crack or gap due to thermal expansion and contraction stress. Therefore, a low-temperature protective metal product laser welding device is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products, which solves the defect of existing laser welding devices for metal products where the clamping structure is inconvenient to follow the movement of the welding position during the welding process.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products, comprising a worktable and a placement rack; Placement racks are installed on both sides of the top of the workbench. A second moving component is installed at the top inside the workbench. A cylinder is installed at the bottom of the second moving component. A first moving component is installed at the bottom of the cylinder. A clamping structure is provided in the middle of the placement rack. The clamping structure includes a guide seat mounted on the top of the worktable. A mounting frame is mounted on the top of the guide seat. A bidirectional lead screw is installed inside the mounting frame. Threaded sleeves are installed on the outer sides of both ends of the bidirectional lead screw. A clamping plate is mounted on the top of the threaded sleeves. A connecting block is mounted on one side of the clamping plate. A fixing rod is mounted on the top of the connecting block. A rotating column is sleeved on the outer side of the fixing rod. A guide rod is mounted on the top of the mounting frame. A guide block is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod. One side of the guide block is fixed to one side of the first moving component.
[0005] Preferably, a connecting frame is installed on one side of the mounting bracket, a fan is installed on the top of the connecting frame, a gear is installed on one side of the bottom of the connecting frame, a connecting disc is installed on one end of the gear, the connecting disc is connected to one end of the fan via a belt, and a toothed plate is installed on one side of the guide seat.
[0006] Preferably, there are two sets of rotating columns, and the two sets of rotating columns are movably connected to the fixed rod.
[0007] Preferably, the outer side of the bidirectional lead screw is provided with an external thread, and the inner side of the threaded sleeve is provided with an internal thread, forming a threaded connection between the bidirectional lead screw and the threaded sleeve.
[0008] Preferably, the guide rod passes through the interior of the guide block, and the guide rod and the guide block form a sliding connection.
[0009] Preferably, a laser welding head is installed at the bottom of the first moving component, and a protective structure is provided on one side of the laser welding head. The protective structure includes a fixing frame, on which the laser welding head is installed, a protective tube is installed inside the fixing frame, a nozzle is installed on one side of the protective tube, a hollow shaft is installed at the middle position of one end of the nozzle, and a fan blade is installed on the outside of the hollow shaft.
[0010] Preferably, a rotating groove is provided inside one side of the protective tube, a rotating sleeve is installed inside the rotating groove, one end of the rotating sleeve is fixed to one side of the nozzle, a collection box is installed at the bottom of the rotating groove, and an oil outlet is provided at the top of the rotating groove.
[0011] Preferably, an oil reservoir is installed at the top of the protective tube, a blocking block is installed on one side inside the oil reservoir, a moving block is installed at one end of the blocking block, and a squeezing block is installed at the top of the nozzle.
[0012] Preferably, the fan blades are provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of fan blades are arranged in a ring on the outside of the hollow shaft.
[0013] Preferably, a spring is installed on one side of the barrier block, and one side of the spring is fixed to one side of the inside of the oil tank, and the barrier block and one side of the inside of the oil tank form a telescopic structure.
[0014] The present invention provides a low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products, which has the following advantages: By setting up a clamping structure, when welding a metal plate, the two sets of clamping plates can be moved to the middle position by the cooperation of the two-way lead screw and two sets of threaded sleeves. This allows the rotating column on one side of the clamping plate to fit against both sides of the metal plate to clamp the metal plate and complete the clamping work. Furthermore, since the rotating column and the fixed rod are movably connected, the rotating column can ensure that the movement of the clamping plate is not affected after the metal plate is clamped. After clamping, the first moving component will move the top of the mounting frame through the limit of the guide rod and the guide block, so that the clamping position is synchronized with the welding position. When the welding position moves, the clamping plate follows synchronously and applies stable pressure to the heat-affected zone near the weld. The mechanical constraint offsets the thermal expansion and contraction stress of the material, preventing the metal plate from cracking or gaps due to free deformation. The dynamic clamping can correct the offset of the metal plate caused by thermal deformation or vibration in real time, ensuring that the laser beam is always aligned with the center of the weld, maintaining a stable welding gap, and avoiding incomplete fusion due to excessive gap, thus making the welding effect better. Furthermore, the mounting bracket moves along with the connecting bracket during its movement. The engagement between the gears and the toothed plate drives the fan to rotate, achieving a blowing effect and cleaning the dust from the surface of the metal sheet. Since the fan is located on one side of the mounting bracket, it can move along with the clamping mechanism. This allows for pre-cleaning to be performed simultaneously without adding extra steps or affecting the welding cycle, incurring no additional time costs. This ensures that the welding effect is not affected by dust during subsequent welding, thereby improving the welding quality. By setting up a protective structure, a low-temperature protective gas connection pipe is connected to the outside of the protective tube before laser welding. Then, the low-temperature protective gas is sprayed out through the nozzle for side blowing, which reduces the peak temperature of the laser-affected area at the laser welding point, reduces the range of high temperature influence, avoids problems such as deformation, oxidation, and grain coarsening of metal due to excessive heating, reduces the negative impact of high temperature on metal products, reduces deformation and stress in laser welding, and completes low-temperature protection. Furthermore, when the cryogenic gas passes through the inside of the protective tube, it drives the fan blades to rotate. During the rotation of the fan blades, the nozzle rotates through the hollow shaft, causing the nozzle to perform a rotating spray when spraying cryogenic gas. The rotating spray can make the gas cover the weld area more evenly, continuously protecting the weld and heat-affected zone. The gas sprayed out in a rotating manner can form a more stable gas flow layer, reducing gas flow turbulence and fluctuations, thereby more effectively isolating the outside air from contact with the molten pool and reducing the risk of oxidation. Furthermore, during the rotation of the nozzle, the extrusion block rotates, causing it to press the moving block to one side. As the moving block moves to one side, it presses the blocking block to one side, opening the oil outlet and allowing lubricating oil to flow into the rotating groove. The lubricating oil flowing into the rotating groove reduces the friction between the rotating sleeve and the rotating groove, making the friction even smaller during rotation. Excess lubricating oil inside the rotating groove flows into the collection box, achieving continuous replacement of the lubricating oil, ensuring the quality of the lubricating oil, and preventing the lubricating oil from being used for too long and affecting the lubrication effect, thus completing the lubrication work. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention viewed from below; Figure 3 This is a top-view partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a rear three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping structure of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the protective tube of the present invention, viewed from top view. Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the protective tube of the present invention, viewed from the side. Figure 12 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective structure of the present invention in the form of a partial explosion. Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective structure of the present invention, viewed from below after a partial explosion.
[0016] The following are the annotations in the figure: 1. Workbench; 2. Placement rack; 3. First moving assembly; 4. Second moving assembly; 5. Cylinder; 6. Laser welding head; 7. Clamping structure; 701. Mounting frame; 702. Clamping plate; 703. Guide rod; 704. Guide block; 705. Guide seat; 706. Toothed plate; 707. Two-way lead screw; 708. Threaded sleeve; 709. Gear; 7010. Connecting plate; 7011. Connecting frame; 7012, Fan; 7013, Connecting block; 7014, Rotating column; 7015, Fixing rod; 8, Protective structure; 801, Fixing frame; 802, Protective pipe; 803, Nozzle; 804, Oil reservoir; 805, Barrier block; 806, Moving block; 807, Extrusion block; 808, Fan blade; 809, Hollow shaft; 8010, Collection box; 8011, Rotating sleeve; 8012, Rotating groove; 8013, Oil outlet. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] Please see Figures 1-13 The present invention provides a low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products, comprising a worktable 1 and a placement rack 2; Placement racks 2 are installed on both sides of the top of the workbench 1. A second moving component 4 is installed at the top inside the workbench 1. A cylinder 5 is installed at the bottom of the second moving component 4. A first moving component 3 is installed at the bottom of the cylinder 5. A clamping structure 7 is provided in the middle of the placement racks 2.
[0019] See Figures 1-7 The clamping structure 7 includes a guide seat 705, which is mounted on the top of the worktable 1. A mounting bracket 701 is mounted on the top of the guide seat 705. A bidirectional lead screw 707 is mounted inside the mounting bracket 701. A threaded sleeve 708 is mounted on the outer side of both ends of the bidirectional lead screw 707. A clamping plate 702 is mounted on the top of the threaded sleeve 708. A connecting block 7013 is mounted on one side of the clamping plate 702. A fixing rod 7015 is mounted on the top of the connecting block 7013. A rotating column 7014 is sleeved on the outer side of the fixing rod 7015. A guide rod 703 is mounted on the top of the mounting bracket 701. A guide block 704 is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod 703. One side of the guide block 704 is fixed to one side of the first moving component 3. A connecting bracket 7011 is installed on one side of the mounting bracket 701. A fan 7012 is installed on the top of the connecting bracket 7011. A gear 709 is installed on one side of the bottom of the connecting bracket 7011. A connecting plate 7010 is installed on one end of the gear 709. The connecting plate 7010 is connected to one end of the fan 7012 via a belt. A toothed plate 706 is installed on one side of the guide seat 705. Two sets of rotating columns 7014 are provided. The two sets of rotating columns 7014 are movably connected to the fixed rod 7015. The outer side of the bidirectional lead screw 707 is provided with an external thread. The inner side of the thread sleeve 708 is provided with an internal thread. The bidirectional lead screw 707 and the thread sleeve 708 are threadedly connected. The guide rod 703 passes through the interior of the guide block 704. The guide rod 703 and the guide block 704 are slidably connected.
[0020] Specifically, in this embodiment, when welding the metal plates, two sets of metal plates are placed on the top of the placement rack 2 for positioning. After positioning, the first moving component 3 is activated to adjust the welding position of the laser welding head 6. After the laser welding head 6 is adjusted, the second moving component 4 is activated to move the laser welding head 6 to the position where the metal plate needs to be welded. After the laser welding head 6 is moved, the cylinder 5 is activated to push the first moving component 3 downward, so that the laser welding head 6 contacts the metal plate where it needs to be welded. When the first moving component 3 moves, the guide rod 703 slides inside the guide block 704 for guidance, making the first moving component 3 more stable during movement. When the laser welding head 6 is adjusted, the laser welding head 6 is connected to the laser generating component. When welding is required, the external power supply starts the motor to drive the bidirectional lead screw 707 to rotate. During the rotation, the bidirectional lead screw 707, through its cooperation with the two sets of thread sleeves 708, can drive the two sets of clamping plates 702 to move towards the middle position, so that the rotating column 7014 on one side of the clamping plate 702 is in contact with the metal plate. The metal plate is clamped on both sides of the plate to complete the clamping work. Since the rotating column 7014 and the fixed rod 7015 are movably connected, the rotating column 7014 can ensure that the movement of the clamping plate 702 is not affected after the metal plate is clamped. After the clamping is completed, the second moving component 4 is activated to move the laser welding head 6 at the bottom of the first moving component 3, thereby completing the welding work on the metal plate. When the first moving component 3 moves, it will be limited by the guide rod 703 and the guide block 704, which will move the laser welding head 6 at the bottom of the mounting bracket 701. The dynamic clamping mechanism synchronizes the clamping position with the welding position. When the welding position moves, the clamping plate 702 follows synchronously and applies stable pressure to the heat-affected zone near the weld. Through mechanical constraint, it offsets the thermal expansion and contraction stress of the material, preventing the metal plate from cracking or gaps due to free deformation. The dynamic clamping can correct the offset of the metal plate caused by thermal deformation or vibration in real time, ensuring that the laser beam is always aligned with the center of the weld, maintaining a stable welding gap, and avoiding welding effect due to excessive gap. This results in better welding effect and completes the welding work on the metal plate. During the movement of the mounting bracket 701, the connecting bracket 7011 will move. During the movement of the connecting bracket 7011, the gear 709 will come into contact with the toothed plate 706, thereby causing the connecting plate 7010 to rotate. During the rotation of the connecting plate 7010, the rotating disk at one end of the fan 7012 will rotate, indirectly causing the fan 7012 to rotate to achieve the blowing work, cleaning the dust on the surface of the metal plate. Since the fan 7012 is set on one side of the mounting bracket 701 and can follow the clamping movement, cleaning can be carried out simultaneously without adding extra steps or affecting the welding rhythm, without extra time costs. This ensures that the welding effect will not be affected by dust during subsequent welding, thereby improving the welding effect and completing the cleaning work. See Figures 8-13 The bottom of the first moving component 3 is equipped with a laser welding head 6. A protective structure 8 is provided on one side of the laser welding head 6. The protective structure 8 includes a fixing frame 801. The fixing frame 801 is installed on one side of the laser welding head 6. A protective tube 802 is installed inside the fixing frame 801. A nozzle 803 is installed on one side of the protective tube 802. A hollow shaft 809 is installed at the middle position of one end of the nozzle 803. A fan blade 808 is installed on the outside of the hollow shaft 809. A rotating groove 8012 is provided inside one side of the protective tube 802. A rotating sleeve 8011 is installed inside the rotating groove 8012. One end of the rotating sleeve 8011 is fixed to one side of the nozzle 803. A collection box 8010 is installed at the bottom of the rotating groove 8012. An oil outlet 8013 is provided at the top of the rotating groove 8012. An oil storage tank 804 is installed at the top of the protective tube 802. A blocking block 805 is installed on one side inside the oil storage tank 804. A moving block 806 is installed at one end of the blocking block 805. A squeezing block 807 is installed at the top of the nozzle 803. Multiple sets of fan blades 808 are provided. The multiple sets of fan blades 808 are arranged in a ring outside the hollow shaft 809. A spring is installed on one side of the blocking block 805. One side of the spring is fixed to one side inside the oil storage tank 804. The blocking block 805 and one side inside the oil storage tank 804 form a telescopic structure.
[0021] Specifically, in this embodiment, before welding with the laser welding head 6, a cryogenic protective gas connection pipe is connected to the protective tube 802. The cryogenic gas is argon. After the connection is completed, the cooled cryogenic protective gas can be delivered into the interior of the protective tube 802 and sprayed out through the nozzle 803 for side blowing. This reduces the peak temperature of the laser-affected area at the laser welding point or reduces the range of high-temperature influence, preventing problems such as deformation, oxidation, and grain coarsening of the metal due to excessive heating. This reduces the negative impact of high temperature on metal products, reduces deformation and stress during laser welding, and completes the cryogenic protection work. When the cryogenic gas passes through the interior of the protective tube 802, it will drive... The fan blade 808 rotates, and during the rotation, the fan blade 808 drives the nozzle 803 to rotate via the hollow shaft 809. This causes the nozzle 803 to perform a rotating spray when spraying low-temperature gas. The rotating spray allows the gas to cover the weld area more evenly, continuously protecting the weld and heat-affected zone. The rotating gas can form a more stable airflow layer, reducing airflow turbulence and fluctuations, thereby more effectively isolating the outside air from contact with the molten pool and reducing the risk of oxidation. In addition, the rotating airflow also helps to better disperse the plasma generated during the welding process, reducing its shielding effect on laser energy and improving the utilization rate of the laser, thus completing the work of rotating spray. When the nozzle 803 rotates, it drives the rotating sleeve 8011 to rotate inside the rotating groove 8012, making the nozzle 803 more stable during rotation. During this rotation, the nozzle 803 also drives the extrusion block 807 to rotate, causing the extrusion block 807 to press the moving block 806 to one side. Because the contact surfaces of the moving block 806 and the extrusion block 807 are set with a matching angle, the moving block 806 can be pressed to one side. As the moving block 806 moves to one side, it presses the blocking block 805 to one side, opening the oil outlet 8013 and allowing lubricating oil to flow into the rotating groove 8012. Because the oil outlet 8013 is designed with… The sponge allows the lubricating oil to drip slowly into the rotating groove 8012. A spring on one side of the blocking block 805 allows it to return to its original position when the pressing block 807 disengages. The lubricating oil flowing into the rotating groove 8012 reduces friction between the rotating sleeve 8011 and the rotating groove 8012, resulting in less friction during rotation. Excess lubricating oil inside the rotating groove 8012 flows into the collection box 8010, ensuring continuous lubrication replacement, guaranteeing the quality of the lubricating oil, and preventing prolonged use from affecting its lubrication effect. This completes the lubrication process and ultimately finishes the welding of the metal sheet.
[0022] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products, characterized in that: Includes a workbench (1) and a shelf (2); Placement racks (2) are installed on both sides of the top of the workbench (1). A second moving component (4) is installed at the top inside the workbench (1). A cylinder (5) is installed at the bottom of the second moving component (4). A first moving component (3) is installed at the bottom of the cylinder (5). A clamping structure (7) is provided at the middle position of the placement rack (2). The clamping structure (7) includes a guide seat (705), which is mounted on the top of the workbench (1). A mounting frame (701) is mounted on the top of the guide seat (705). A bidirectional lead screw (707) is installed inside the mounting frame (701). A threaded sleeve (708) is installed on the outer side of both ends of the bidirectional lead screw (707). A clamping plate (702) is mounted on the top of the threaded sleeve (708). A connecting block (7013) is mounted on one side of the clamping plate (702). A fixing rod (7015) is mounted on the top of the connecting block (7013). A rotating column (7014) is sleeved on the outer side of the fixing rod (7015). A guide rod (703) is mounted on the top of the mounting frame (701). A guide block (704) is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod (703). One side of the guide block (704) is fixed to one side of the first moving component (3).
2. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting frame (7011) is installed on one side of the mounting bracket (701), a fan (7012) is installed on the top of the connecting frame (7011), a gear (709) is installed on one side of the bottom of the connecting frame (7011), a connecting disc (7010) is installed on one end of the gear (709), and the connecting disc (7010) is connected to one end of the fan (7012) by a belt. A toothed plate (706) is installed on one side of the guide seat (705).
3. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of rotating columns (7014) are provided, and the two sets of rotating columns (7014) are movably connected to the fixed rod (7015).
4. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the bidirectional lead screw (707) is provided with an external thread, and the inner side of the thread sleeve (708) is provided with an internal thread, forming a threaded connection between the bidirectional lead screw (707) and the thread sleeve (708).
5. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod (703) passes through the interior of the guide block (704), and the guide rod (703) and the guide block (704) form a sliding connection.
6. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 1, characterized in that: A laser welding head (6) is installed at the bottom of the first moving component (3). A protective structure (8) is provided on one side of the laser welding head (6). The protective structure (8) includes a fixing frame (801). The fixing frame (801) is used to install the laser welding head (6) on one side. A protective tube (802) is installed inside the fixing frame (801). A nozzle (803) is installed on one side of the protective tube (802). A hollow shaft (809) is installed at the middle position of one end of the nozzle (803). A fan blade (808) is installed on the outside of the hollow shaft (809).
7. The low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective tube (802) has a rotating groove (8012) inside one side, and a rotating sleeve (8011) is installed inside the rotating groove (8012). One end of the rotating sleeve (8011) is fixed to one side of the nozzle (803). A collection box (8010) is installed at the bottom of the rotating groove (8012), and an oil outlet (8013) is opened at the top of the rotating groove (8012).
8. A low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 6, characterized in that: An oil storage tank (804) is installed at the top of the protective tube (802), a blocking block (805) is installed on one side inside the oil storage tank (804), a moving block (806) is installed at one end of the blocking block (805), and a squeezing block (807) is installed at the top of the nozzle (803).
9. A low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fan blades (808) are provided in multiple sets, and the multiple sets of fan blades (808) are distributed in a ring on the outside of the hollow shaft (809).
10. A low-temperature protective laser welding device for metal products according to claim 8, characterized in that: A spring is installed on one side of the barrier block (805), and one side of the spring is fixed to one side inside the oil tank (804). The barrier block (805) and one side inside the oil tank (804) form a telescopic structure.