Horizontal lathe with positioning function

Abstract

The application relates to a horizontal lathe with a positioning function, and relates to the technical field of turning devices. The horizontal lathe comprises a lathe body, a tool holder movably arranged on the lathe body, and a sliding assembly for driving the tool holder to slide along the length and width directions of the lathe body; a conical shaft is rotatably arranged on the lathe body; a turning tool is arranged on the tool holder and horizontally arranged towards the shaft center of the conical shaft; an installation frame is arranged on the lathe body; three supporting claws are movably arranged on the installation frame; a rotating block is rotatably arranged at the end of each supporting claw away from the installation frame; a pressing wheel is rotatably arranged on the rotating block; the pressing wheel is movably abutted against the outer circumferential wall of the conical shaft; a locking assembly for fixing the rotating block is arranged on the installation frame; and a measuring assembly for measuring the rotating angle of the rotating block is arranged on the installation frame. The application has the effects of quickly positioning and supporting the conical shaft, conveniently measuring the taper angle of the conical shaft, improving the measuring precision, and improving the machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of turning apparatus, and in particular to a horizontal lathe with positioning function. Background Technology

[0002] A horizontal lathe is a metal cutting machine. Because its spindle axis is arranged horizontally, the workpiece is aligned with the lathe guide rail. It is suitable for machining large workpieces, such as long shaft workpieces of rotation. Horizontal lathes are often used for machining these large workpieces.

[0003] A common horizontal lathe includes a lathe body, a three-jaw chuck rotatably connected to the lathe body, and a center slidably connected to the lathe body. The center and the three-jaw chuck are arranged opposite each other, and the axis of the center is aligned with the axis of rotation of the three-jaw chuck. A cutting tool is also slidably connected to the lathe body, and the cutting tool is arranged horizontally and perpendicularly to the axis of the lathe body spindle. The cutting tool slides along the length and width directions of the lathe body. When machining long shaft workpieces, the technician mounts one end of the long shaft workpiece on the three-jaw chuck and uses the center to press against the other end of the shaft workpiece, thus machining the long shaft. For workpiece fixation, long shaft workpieces are prone to complete deformation during processing due to their own weight or cutting force, resulting in dimensional deviations or surface rippling. Therefore, it is common to use a hydraulic center frame to position and support the long shaft workpiece. The hydraulic center frame includes three independent support claws, a hydraulic cylinder, a pressure roller rotatably connected to the support claws, and a lever mechanism. During positioning, the hydraulic cylinder drives one of the support claws to move closer to the long shaft workpiece, and the lever mechanism enables all three support claws to move closer to the workpiece simultaneously, so that the pressure roller presses against the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece, thereby achieving the positioning and support of the long shaft workpiece.

[0004] Another approach, such as the Chinese patent document CN116765435B, discloses a horizontal machine tool machining positioning fixture, including an equipment box, a fixed base, and a T-shaped guide rail mounted on the equipment box and the fixed base. Three sliding seats are slidably connected to the T-shaped guide rail, and an annular seat is fixed to the top of the sliding seats. Support rods are slidably connected to the inner ring surface of the annular seat and are evenly arranged along its circumference. The support rods pass through the inner cavity of the annular seat and are equipped with return springs. A rotating ring is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the annular seat. Triangular blocks are evenly arranged along its circumference on the inner ring surface of the rotating ring. The triangular blocks correspond one-to-one with the support rods. By rotating the rotating ring, the triangular blocks are driven to press against the support rods, so that the support rods move synchronously towards the long shaft workpiece, thereby achieving positioning support for the long shaft workpiece.

[0005] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, for long shaft workpieces such as ship propeller shafts and high-power motor shafts, a tapered shaft design is often used to improve axial load-bearing capacity and distribute stress. Since the rotation axis of the pressure roller is always aligned with the spindle axis of the lathe body, it is difficult to position and support the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft during machining due to its curved shape. If the long shaft workpiece is positioned and supported by a support rod, the contact area between the support rod and the surface of the long shaft workpiece is small, reducing the stability of the positioning support and the machining accuracy. Furthermore, the sliding friction between the support rod and the surface of the long shaft workpiece can easily affect the surface quality of the long shaft workpiece. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to quickly position and support the tapered shaft, improve the stability of the support, and enhance the turning accuracy, this application provides a horizontal lathe with positioning function.

[0007] The horizontal lathe with positioning function provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A horizontal lathe with positioning function includes a lathe body, a tool holder movably disposed on the lathe body, and a sliding assembly for driving the tool holder to slide along the length and width directions of the lathe body. A tapered shaft is rotatably mounted on the lathe body, and a cutting tool is provided on the tool holder, with the cutting tool arranged horizontally toward the axis of the tapered shaft.

[0009] The lathe body is provided with a mounting bracket, on which three support claws are movably mounted. A rotating block is rotatably mounted on the end of the support claws away from the mounting bracket. A pressure roller is rotatably mounted on the rotating block. The pressure roller is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft, and the rotation axis of the pressure roller is always perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating block. When the pressure roller is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft, the three support claws are evenly spaced along the main axis of the lathe body. The mounting bracket is provided with a locking component for fixing the rotating block and a measuring component for measuring the rotation angle of the rotating block.

[0010] The support claw has a first cavity and a second cavity. The measuring component includes a piston rod slidably disposed in the first cavity and the second cavity. The outer peripheral wall of the piston rod is movably fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the first cavity / second cavity. The support claw is provided with an observation box. A vernier column is slidably disposed in the observation box. The outer peripheral wall of the vernier column is movably fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the observation box. Both the observation box and the vernier column are provided with scale lines. The vernier column divides the observation box into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber. The first cavity / second cavity is selectively connected to either the inlet chamber or the outlet chamber. Both the inlet and outlet ends of the observation box are provided with one-way valves. The first cavity, the second cavity, and the observation box contain hydraulic oil. The mounting bracket is provided with a switching component that switches the connection between the first cavity / second cavity and the observation box, and a transmission component that drives the rotating block to slide closer / away from each other.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when a tapered shaft needs to be machined, the technician installs the tapered shaft on the lathe body. At this time, the cutting tool is horizontally facing the axis of the tapered shaft, the rotation axis of the pressure roller is consistent with the axis of the lathe body spindle, and the rotating block is in the initial position. Then, the technician starts the hydraulic center frame to drive the three support claws to move, so that the three pressure rollers move synchronously closer to the tapered shaft, so that the pressure rollers approach and press against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft, and the rotating block and pressure rollers rotate until the outer peripheral wall of the pressure rollers press against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft. At this time, the transmission component drives the two piston rods to slide away from each other.

[0012] When the large-diameter end of the tapered shaft approaches the three-jaw chuck, before starting the hydraulic center frame, the first cavity is connected to the inlet cavity and the second cavity is connected to the outlet cavity via a switching component. At this time, the piston rod forces the hydraulic oil in the first cavity into the inlet cavity through a one-way valve, while the other piston rod draws the hydraulic oil in the outlet cavity into the second cavity through a one-way valve, causing the hydraulic oil to drive the vernier column to slide. Then, the technician can obtain the taper of the tapered shaft by comparing the reading of the vernier column with the scale line on the observation box. This facilitates the rapid measurement of the taper angle of the tapered shaft, reduces the risk of errors caused by manual measurement, improves measurement accuracy, and helps determine whether the dimensional accuracy of the tapered shaft meets the standard, which is convenient for subsequent processing.

[0013] When the small diameter end of the tapered shaft approaches the three-jaw chuck, before starting the hydraulic center frame, the first cavity is connected to the outlet cavity and the second cavity is connected to the inlet cavity by switching components. At this time, the piston rod draws the hydraulic oil in the outlet cavity into the first cavity through the check valve, while the other piston rod pushes the hydraulic oil in the second cavity into the inlet cavity through the check valve, thereby achieving positioning support for tapered shafts with different inclination orientations and measuring the taper.

[0014] If technicians need to measure the cone angle of a tapered shaft using tools such as a universal protractor, the curved outer wall of the tapered shaft makes it inconvenient for technicians to perform the measurement operation, easily introducing human error and reducing the measurement accuracy.

[0015] Meanwhile, due to the combined action of the one-way valve and the three pressure rollers, when the conical shaft vibrates, the three piston rods located in the second cavity are not prone to relative sliding, thus making it difficult for the rotating block to rotate, thereby achieving positioning support for the conical shaft, and then the technicians can fix the conical shaft.

[0016] When it is necessary to position and support conventional shaft-type workpieces, the technician rotates the rotating block to the initial position, and then fixes the three rotating blocks in sequence through the locking assembly, so that the rotation axis of the pressure roller is consistent with the axis of the lathe body spindle, which facilitates the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces.

[0017] Then the technicians start the equipment, causing the tapered shaft to rotate. At the same time, the sliding component drives the tool holder to slide along the length and width of the lathe body, causing the cutting tool to move along the axis of the tapered shaft and move towards / away from the center of the tapered shaft. This allows for adjustment of the cutting amount of the cutting tool, thereby achieving the cutting machining of the tapered shaft.

[0018] It should be understood that the structure and principle of controlling the movement of the support claw and making the pressure roller fit against the outer peripheral wall of the conical shaft are common technologies in hydraulic center frames in this field, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0019] Optionally, the switching assembly includes a switching disk rotatably disposed within the support claw. The switching disk is provided with two first pipes arranged opposite to each other and two second pipes arranged at intervals around the circumference of the switching disk. The two open ends of the first pipes are arranged at 90° intervals, and the two open ends of the second pipes are arranged at 180° intervals. The eight open ends of the first pipes and the second pipes are evenly arranged along the outer peripheral wall of the switching disk. The support claw is provided with an adjusting member for adjusting the rotation of the switching disk.

[0020] When the two open ends of one of the first pipes are respectively connected to the first cavity and the liquid inlet cavity, the two open ends of the other first pipe are respectively connected to the second cavity and the liquid outlet cavity, and the open end of the second pipe is in a blocked state.

[0021] When the two open ends of one of the second pipes are connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet cavity respectively, and the two open ends of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively, the open end of the first pipe is in a blocked state.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, when the large diameter end of the conical shaft is close to the three-jaw chuck, the technician can rotate the switching plate by adjusting the component to connect the two open ends of one first pipe to the first cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively, and the two open ends of the other first pipe to the second cavity and the liquid outlet cavity. At this time, the second pipe is in a blocked state, so that the rotatable direction of the rotating block is adapted to the taper of the conical shaft.

[0023] When the small diameter end of the conical shaft approaches the three-jaw chuck, the technician rotates the switching plate 45°. At this time, the two open ends of one second pipe are connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet cavity respectively, and the two open ends of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively. At this time, the open end of the first pipe is in a blocked state, so as to realize the rapid adjustment of the rotation direction of the rotating block.

[0024] When measuring the taper of a tapered axis with different inclinations, the vernier column should always slide in one direction to facilitate technicians in reading the scale values.

[0025] Optionally, the switching assembly further includes a third pipe disposed within the switching disk, the two open ends of the third pipe being located between the two open ends of one of the first pipes, and the two open ends of the third pipe being movably connected to the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber respectively, and the support claw is provided with a reset member for resetting the vernier column and the rotating block.

[0026] When the two open ends of one of the first pipes are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity respectively, the two open ends of the other first pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively. At this time, the open end of the second pipe is in a blocked state, and the two open ends of the third pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, after the conical shaft is processed, the technician rotates the switching disk 45° or 90°. At this time, the two open ends of one first pipe are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity respectively, and the two open ends of another first pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively. At the same time, the open end of the second pipe is in a blocked state, and the two open ends of the third pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively. This is the reset position of the switching disk. Since the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity are connected, they do not pass through the one-way valve, thus allowing the vernier column to slide freely in the observation box, and the piston column to slide freely in the first cavity / second cavity. At the same time, the reset component makes the vernier column slide to the initial position and make the rotating block rotate to the initial position, realizing the reset of the vernier column and the rotating block, which is convenient for the next operation.

[0028] Optionally, the adjusting component includes an adjusting rod that is elastically slidable and rotatably mounted on the support claw. One end of the adjusting rod protrudes movably from the side wall of the support claw, and the other end of the adjusting rod is provided with a movable gear ring. A fixed gear ring is coaxially mounted on the switching disk. The movable gear ring and the fixed gear ring are coaxially mounted, and the movable gear ring and the fixed gear ring are movably engaged on the side that is close to each other. The rotating connection of the switching disk is provided with damping.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the switching disk needs to be rotated, the technician presses the adjusting rod to slide it closer to the fixed gear ring until the movable gear ring is pressed against the fixed gear ring and meshes with it. Then the technician rotates the adjusting rod to drive the movable gear ring and the fixed gear ring to rotate, thereby driving the switching disk to rotate.

[0030] After adjustment, the technicians loosen the adjusting rod. Under the elastic force, the protruding end of the adjusting rod moves away from the fixed gear ring, thereby separating the movable gear ring from the fixed gear ring. At the same time, the damping prevents the switching disc from rotating accidentally, thus maintaining the stability of the piston rod and improving the stability of the positioning support.

[0031] Optionally, the reset component includes a guide rod disposed within the observation box, the vernier column being elastically slidably sleeved on the guide rod, the guide rod having a polygonal cross-section, a limiting block disposed on the guide rod, and the limiting block being located on the side of the vernier column near the liquid inlet chamber, the vernier column and the limiting block being movably abutting against each other on their adjacent side walls, a locking pin being elastically slidably disposed within the support claw, one end of the locking pin being hemispherical, a locking groove corresponding to the hemispherical end of the locking pin being opened on the rotating shaft of the rotating block, the hemispherical end of the locking pin being movably abutting against the inner wall of the locking groove, and an elastic element being disposed at the rotating shaft of the rotating block to rotate the rotating block until the pressure roller and the main spindle axis of the lathe body are horizontal.

[0032] When the switching disc is in the reset position, the rotating block rotates under the action of the elastic element until the pressure roller is horizontal with the spindle axis of the lathe body. At this time, the clasp slides into the clasp groove under the elastic force, and the hemispherical end of the clasp is moved to abut against the inner wall of the clasp groove, thus achieving the pre-fixation of the rotating block, thereby realizing the automatic reset of the rotating block and the pressure roller. Since the end of the clasp that abuts against the inner wall of the clasp groove is hemispherical, it is not easy to obstruct the rotation of the rotating block, which facilitates the next operation.

[0033] Simultaneously, the vernier column slides towards the limit block under the elastic force until the side walls of the vernier column and the limit block are pressed together. At this point, the zero scale position of the vernier column is achieved, realizing the automatic reset of the vernier column. At the same time, since the cross-section of the guide rod is polygonal, the vernier column is not easy to rotate when sliding along the guide rod, so that the vernier column and the scale line on the observation box remain aligned, making it easy for technicians to read the scale value.

[0034] Optionally, the locking assembly includes a regulating valve on one of the second pipes, a synchronization groove on the side wall of the regulating rod near the regulating valve, the valve stem of the regulating valve slidingly located in the synchronization groove, the valve stem of the regulating valve movingly abutting against the inner side wall of the synchronization groove, and the valve stem of the regulating valve having a polygonal cross-section.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to fix the rotating block, the technician presses and rotates the adjusting rod to realize the rotation of the switching plate, so that the two opening ends of one second pipe are connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet cavity respectively, and the two opening ends of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively. Then the technician stops pressing the adjusting rod to realize the separation of the movable gear ring and the fixed gear ring.

[0036] Then, the technician rotates the adjusting rod. Because the valve stem of the adjusting valve has a polygonal cross-section and is pressed against the inner wall of the synchronization groove, the adjusting rod drives the adjusting valve stem to rotate. The switching disc is not easily rotated under the damping effect, thus closing the adjusting valve and hindering the flow of hydraulic oil. This fixes the piston column and the rotating block, facilitating the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces, increasing the versatility of the equipment, and eliminating the need for frequent disassembly and assembly of the hydraulic center frame, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0037] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes cams located at both ends of the rotating block shaft, with the protruding ends of the two cams facing opposite directions. Cranks are rotatably mounted on the sidewalls of the cams that are far apart from each other. The two piston rods correspond one-to-one with the two cranks, and the end of the crank that is far away from the cam is rotatably connected to the piston rod.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rotating block is in the initial position, the orientation of the cam protrusion is consistent with the direction of the lathe body spindle axis. When the rotating block rotates, it drives the two cams to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the crank to rotate with the cams, thereby driving the piston rod to slide in the first cavity / second cavity. Since the protrusions of the two cams are facing opposite directions, the two piston rods slide closer / away from each other, which is conducive to the flow of hydraulic oil in the inlet and outlet chambers and facilitates the sliding of the vernier column.

[0039] Optionally, the observation box has an observation port at the vernier column scale line, and the observation box is provided with a transparent cover to seal the observation port.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, the observation port and transparent cover make it easy for technicians to observe the calibration lines and read the scale values.

[0041] Optionally, an isolation cover can be detachably fixed to the support claw, and the cam and the crank are both located inside the isolation cover.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, the isolation cover blocks the cutting fluid and metal chips splashed during cutting, reducing the risk of metal chips causing jamming or damage to components such as cams and cranks, and improving the stability of equipment operation.

[0043] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0044] 1. When positioning and supporting the tapered shaft, the pressure roller approaches and presses against the outer circumferential wall of the tapered shaft, causing the rotating block and pressure roller to rotate. At the same time, the transmission assembly drives the piston column to slide away from each other in the first / second cavity, thereby pressing hydraulic oil into the inlet cavity and drawing hydraulic oil out of the outlet cavity. This causes the hydraulic oil to drive the vernier column to slide. Then, technicians can read the tapered angle value of the tapered shaft through the scale line on the vernier column and the observation box, which facilitates the rapid measurement of the tapered angle of the tapered shaft and determines whether the dimensional accuracy of the tapered shaft meets the design standards. This also reduces the risk of errors caused by manual measurement. Furthermore, by converting the rotation angle into the sliding of the vernier column, the measurement accuracy and processing efficiency are improved. At the same time, due to the combined action of the one-way valve and the three pressure rollers, when the tapered shaft vibrates, the piston column in the cavity connected to the outlet cavity is less likely to slide relative to each other, thus making it difficult for the rotating block to rotate, thereby achieving the positioning and support of the tapered shaft.

[0045] 2. When the switching disc rotates to a position where the two openings of one first pipe are connected to the first cavity and the inlet cavity respectively, and the two openings of the other first pipe are connected to the second cavity and the outlet cavity respectively, due to the one-way valve, the rotating block can only tilt downwards and rotate away from the three-jaw chuck, thus positioning and supporting the tapered shaft at the large diameter end near the three-jaw chuck. When the switching disc rotates to a position where the two openings of one second pipe are connected to the first cavity and the outlet cavity respectively, and the two openings of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the inlet cavity respectively, the rotating block can only tilt downwards and rotate towards the three-jaw chuck, thus positioning and supporting the tapered shaft at the large diameter end away from the three-jaw chuck. This ensures that when measuring the taper of the tapered shaft with different tilt directions, the vernier column always slides in one direction, making it convenient for technicians to read the scale values.

[0046] 3. After the vernier column and rotating block are reset, the two open ends of one second pipe are connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet cavity respectively by the rotation of the switching plate, and the two open ends of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively. Then, the technician closes the regulating valve to block the flow of hydraulic oil, thereby fixing the piston column and the rotating block. This facilitates the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces, improves the versatility of the equipment, and eliminates the need for frequent disassembly and assembly of the hydraulic center frame, thus improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the mounting bracket, support claw, rotating block and pressure roller;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piston column, vernier column, and observation box structure;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the check valve, switching plate, and support claw.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the first pipe, the second pipe, the third pipe, and the switching panel;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the knob and indicator line;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the locking pin and the supporting claw;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the guide rod, the limiting block, and the observation box.

[0055] Reference numerals: 1. Mounting bracket; 11. Support claw; 111. First marking line; 112. Second marking line; 113. Third marking line; 114. Fourth marking line; 12. Isolation cover; 2. Rotating block; 21. Pressure roller; 3. Measuring assembly; 31. Piston column; 32. First cavity; 33. Second cavity; 34. Observation box; 341. Observation port; 342. Cover plate; 343. Sealing ring; 35. Vernier column; 36. Scale line; 37. Liquid inlet chamber; 38. Liquid outlet chamber; 39. One-way valve; 4. Switching assembly; 41. Switching disc; 42. First pipeline; 43. 44. Second pipe; 45. Third pipe; 46. Adjusting component; 47. Adjusting rod; 48. Movable gear ring; 49. Fixed gear ring; 40. Knob; 41. Indicator line; 42. Reset component; 43. Guide rod; 44. Limit block; 45. Locking pin; 46. Slot; 47. Elastic component; 58. Locking assembly; 59. Adjusting valve; 50. Synchronizing groove; 60. Transmission assembly; 61. Cam; 62. Crank; 7. Tapered shaft; 81. Lathe body; 82. Tool holder; 83. Sliding assembly; 84. Lathe tool; 85. Three-jaw chuck; 86. Ejector pin. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0057] This application discloses a horizontal lathe with positioning function. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 A horizontal lathe with positioning function includes a lathe body 8 placed horizontally on the ground. A tool holder 81 is movably connected to the lathe body 8, and the tool holder 81 slides along the length and width directions of the lathe body 8. A three-jaw chuck 84 is rotatably connected to the top of the lathe body 8, and a center pin 85 is slidably connected to the top of the lathe body 8. The center pin 85 and the three-jaw chuck 84 are arranged opposite to each other. A tapered shaft 7 is installed between the three-jaw chuck 84 and the center pin 85. The lathe body 8 is also provided with a sliding assembly 82 for driving the tool holder 81 to slide. In this application, the sliding assembly 82 includes a sliding frame slidably connected to the lathe body 8. The sliding direction of the sliding frame is consistent with the axis of the lathe body 8. The tool holder 81 is slidably connected to the top of the sliding frame, and the sliding direction of the tool holder 81 is consistent with the width direction of the lathe body 8. The lathe body 8 is rotatably connected to a first lead screw and a first motor that drives the first lead screw to rotate. The sliding frame is rotatably connected to a second lead screw and a second motor that drives the second lead screw to rotate. A first nut is fixed on the sliding frame. A second nut is fixed at the bottom of the tool holder 81. The first lead screw and the first nut, and the second lead screw and the second nut are threadedly connected. When working, the first motor and the second motor work, which realizes the rotation of the first lead screw and the second lead screw. This drives the first nut and the sliding frame to slide along the length direction of the lathe body 8, and drives the second nut and the tool holder 81 to slide along the width direction of the lathe body 8. This realizes that the tool holder 81 slides along the length and width directions of the lathe body 8. A cutting tool 83 is fixed on the tool holder 81. The cutting tool 83 is horizontally arranged towards the axis of the tapered shaft 7.

[0058] A mounting bracket 1 is fixed on the lathe body 8. The mounting bracket 1 is located on the side of the three-jaw chuck 84 away from the tool holder 81. Three support jaws 11 are movably connected to the mounting bracket 1. A rotating block 2 is rotatably connected to the end of the support jaws 11 away from the mounting bracket 1. The rotation axis of the rotating block 2 is horizontally arranged and perpendicular to the direction of the spindle axis of the lathe body 8. When the pressure roller 21 is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft 7, the three support jaws 11 are evenly spaced along the spindle axis of the lathe body 8. The pressure roller 21 is rotatably arranged on the rotating block 2. The pressure roller 21 is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft 7. The rotation axis of the pressure roller 21 is always perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating block 2. When the rotation axis of the pressure roller 21 is horizontal, the rotation axis of the pressure roller 21 is consistent with the direction of the spindle axis of the lathe body 8. A switching component 4 is provided on the mounting bracket 1 to switch the connection between the first cavity 32 / second cavity 33 and the observation box 34.

[0059] To measure the rotation angle of the rotating block 2 and achieve rapid measurement of the taper of the tapered shaft 7, a measuring component 3 is installed on the mounting bracket 1, referring to... Figure 3 and Figure 4The support claw 11 has a first cavity 32 and a second cavity 33. The measuring assembly 3 includes a piston rod 31 slidably connected within the first cavity 32 and the second cavity 33. The outer peripheral wall of the piston rod 31 is in movable contact with the inner peripheral wall of the first cavity 32 / second cavity 33. The sliding direction of the piston rod 31 is always perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cam 61. An observation box 34 is embedded and fixed on the support claw 11. A vernier column 35 is slidably connected within the observation box 34. The sliding direction of the vernier column 35 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cam 61. The rotation axes of the moving block 2 are parallel, the outer peripheral wall of the vernier column 35 is in contact with the inner peripheral wall of the observation box 34, and scale lines 36 are provided on both the observation box 34 and the vernier column 35. The vernier column 35 divides the observation box 34 into an inlet chamber 37 and an outlet chamber 38. The first cavity 32 / second cavity 33 is selectively connected to either the inlet chamber 37 or the outlet chamber 38. One-way valves 39 are provided at both the inlet and outlet ends of the observation box 34. Hydraulic oil is contained in the first cavity 32, the second cavity 33, and the observation box 34.

[0060] To facilitate technicians' observation of the calibration marks and reading of the scale, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The observation box 34 has an observation port 341 at the scale line 36 of the vernier column 35. A transparent cover plate 342 is detachably fixed to the observation box 34 by bolts to seal the observation port 341. A sealing ring 343 is installed at the fixed position of the cover plate 342 to seal the observation port 341.

[0061] To enable the rotating block 2 to drive the two piston pins 31 to slide closer / away from each other, a transmission assembly 6 is provided on the mounting bracket 1, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 The transmission assembly 6 includes cams 61 located at both ends of the rotating block 2 shaft, with the protruding ends of the two cams 61 facing opposite directions. The rotation axis of the cams 61 is consistent with the rotation axis of the rotating block 2. Cranks 62 are rotatably mounted on the sidewalls of the cams 61 that are far apart from each other. Two piston pins 31 correspond one-to-one with two cranks 62. The end of the crank 62 that is far away from the cams 61 is rotatably connected to the piston pins 31. The rotation axis of the crank 62 is parallel to the rotation axis of the cams 61.

[0062] To prevent cutting fluid and metal chips from splashing during cutting, reduce the risk of metal chips causing jamming or damage to components such as cam 61 and crank 62, and improve the stability of equipment operation, refer to Figure 3 An isolation cover 12 is detachably fixed to the support claw 11 by bolts, and the cam 61 and the crank 62 are both located inside the isolation cover 12.

[0063] Since the piston rod 31 slides through the rotation of the cam 61 and the crank 62, the sliding distance of the piston rod 31 is inconsistent when the rotating block 2 rotates by a unit angle. In order to keep the sliding distance of the vernier column 35 consistent when the rotating block 2 rotates by a unit angle, so as to facilitate technicians to read the scale, the cross-section of the liquid inlet chamber 37 gradually decreases from the end away from the vernier column 35 to the end closer to the vernier column 35, and the inner peripheral wall of the liquid inlet chamber 37 is arc-shaped. The vernier column 35 is always in contact with the inner peripheral wall of the liquid outlet chamber 38.

[0064] When the tapered shaft 7 needs to be machined, the technician pre-fixes one end of the tapered shaft 7 onto the three-jaw chuck 84. At this time, the rotating block 2 is in the initial position, and the rotation axis of the pressure roller 21 and the orientation of the convex end of the cam 61 are consistent with the spindle axis of the lathe body 8. Then the technician starts the hydraulic center frame, drives the three support jaws 11 to move, so that the three pressure rollers 21 move close to the tapered shaft 7 in sync, so that the pressure rollers 21 approach and press against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft 7, and makes the rotating block 2 and the pressure rollers 21 rotate until the outer peripheral wall of the pressure rollers 21 press against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft 7.

[0065] At the same time, the rotating block 2 drives the cam 61 to rotate, thereby driving the crank 62 to rotate with the cam 61, thereby driving the piston rod 31 to slide in the first cavity 32 / second cavity 33. Since the protruding ends of the two cams 61 face opposite directions, the two piston rods 31 slide away from each other.

[0066] When the large diameter end of the tapered shaft 7 approaches the three-jaw chuck 84, before starting the hydraulic center frame, the switching component 4 connects the first cavity 32 with the inlet cavity 37 and the second cavity 33 with the outlet cavity 38. At this time, the piston rod 31 presses the hydraulic oil in the first cavity 32 into the inlet cavity 37 through the one-way valve 39, while the other piston rod 31 draws the hydraulic oil in the outlet cavity 38 into the second cavity 33 through the one-way valve 39, causing the hydraulic oil to drive the vernier column 35 to slide. Then, the technician can observe the scale line 36 on the vernier column 35 and the observation box 34 through the observation port 341 and compare the readings to obtain the taper of the tapered shaft 7 at this time. This facilitates the rapid measurement of the taper angle of the tapered shaft 7 and the adjustment of cutting parameters accordingly. At the same time, it reduces the risk of errors caused by manual measurement and improves measurement accuracy and processing efficiency.

[0067] When the small diameter end of the tapered shaft 7 approaches the three-jaw chuck 84, before starting the hydraulic center frame, the switching component 4 connects the first cavity 32 with the outlet cavity 38 and the second cavity 33 with the inlet cavity 37. At this time, the piston column 31 draws the hydraulic oil in the outlet cavity 38 into the first cavity 32 through the check valve 39, while the other piston column 31 presses the hydraulic oil in the second cavity 33 into the inlet cavity 37 through the check valve 39, so as to realize the sliding of the vernier column 35 and realize the positioning support of the tapered shaft 7 with different inclination orientations and the measurement of the taper.

[0068] Meanwhile, due to the combined action of the one-way valve 39 and the three pressure rollers 21, when the conical shaft 7 vibrates, the three piston rods 31 located in the second cavity 33 are not prone to relative sliding, thus making it difficult for the rotating block 2 to rotate, thereby achieving positioning support for the conical shaft 7. Then, the technician locks the three-jaw chuck 84 and pushes the ejector pin 85 so that the ejector pin 85 presses against the other end of the conical shaft 7, thereby fixing the conical shaft 7. At this time, the cutting tool 83 is horizontally oriented towards the axis of the conical shaft 7.

[0069] Then the technicians start the equipment, which drives the three-jaw chuck 84 to rotate, thereby driving the tapered shaft 7 to rotate. At the same time, the first motor and the second motor work to realize the movement of the cutting tool 83 and realize the cutting of the tapered shaft 7.

[0070] When it is necessary to position and support conventional shaft-type workpieces, the technician rotates the rotating block 2 to the initial position, and then fixes the three rotating blocks 2 in sequence through the locking component 5, so that the rotation axis of the pressure roller 21 is consistent with the spindle axis of the lathe body 8, which facilitates the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces.

[0071] Furthermore, in order to achieve rapid switching between the first cavity 32 / second cavity 33 and the connection end of the observation box 34, and to achieve positioning and support for the conical shaft 7 with different tilt orientations, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The switching assembly 4 includes a switching disk 41 rotatably connected to the support claw 11. The rotation axis of the switching disk 41 is parallel to the axis of the main spindle of the lathe body 8. Two first pipes 42 arranged opposite to each other and two second pipes 43 arranged at intervals around the circumference of the switching disk 41 are fixed inside the switching disk 41. The two open ends of the first pipes 42 are arranged at 90° intervals, and the two open ends of the second pipes 43 are arranged at 180° intervals. The eight open ends of the first pipes 42 and the second pipes 43 are evenly arranged along the outer peripheral wall of the switching disk 41. A third pipe 44 is also fixed inside the switching disk 41. The two open ends of the third pipe 44 are located between the two open ends of one of the first pipes 42. The two open ends of the third pipe 44 are movably connected to the inlet chamber 37 and the outlet chamber 38, respectively, and are not connected to the one-way valve 39.

[0072] To adjust the rotation of the switching disk 41, an adjusting element 45 is provided on the support claw 11, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 and Figure 6The adjusting component 45 includes an adjusting rod 451 that is elastically sliding and rotatably connected to the support claw 11. The rotation axis of the adjusting rod 451 is consistent with the rotation axis of the switching disk 41. The sliding direction of the adjusting rod 451 is consistent with the rotation axis of the switching disk 41. One end of the adjusting rod 451 is movably protruding from the side wall of the support claw 11. The other end of the adjusting rod 451 is fixed with a movable gear ring 452. A fixed gear ring 453 is coaxially fixed on the side wall of the switching disk 41 near the movable gear ring 452. The movable gear ring 452 and the fixed gear ring 453 are coaxially arranged, and the movable gear ring 452 and the fixed gear ring 453 are movably engaged on the side close to each other. In order to facilitate the operation of the adjusting rod 451 by technicians, a knob 454 is fixed at the protruding end of the adjusting rod 451.

[0073] To facilitate technicians in determining the rotation position of the switching disk 41, refer to Figure 6 An indicator line 455 is fixed on the knob 454. A first mark 111, a second mark 112, a third mark 113, and a fourth mark 114 are fixed on the side wall of the support claw 11. The indicator line 455 corresponds to one of the first mark 111, the second mark 112, the third mark 113, and the fourth mark 114. The first mark 111, the second mark 112, the third mark 113, and the fourth mark 114 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the knob 454. The first mark 111, the second mark 112, the third mark 113, and the fourth mark 114 are arranged at 45° intervals.

[0074] To enable the vernier column 35 and the rotating block 2 to automatically reset, a reset element 46 is provided on the support claw 11, as shown in the figure. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The reset component 46 includes a guide rod 461 fixed inside the observation box 34. The vernier column 35 is elastically slidably sleeved on the guide rod 461. The cross-section of the guide rod 461 is polygonal. A limit block 462 is fixed on the guide rod 461, and the limit block 462 is located on the side of the vernier column 35 near the liquid inlet chamber 37. The side walls of the vernier column 35 and the limit block 462 are movably pressed together. In this application, the cross-section of the guide rod 461 is a regular quadrilateral shape. In other embodiments, the cross-section of the guide rod 461 can also be a polygon such as a triangle, pentagon, or hexagon, as long as the vernier column 35 slides on the guide rod 461 without easily rotating.

[0075] The support claw 11 is elastically slidably connected to a locking pin 463. The sliding direction of the locking pin 463 is horizontally arranged towards the rotation axis of the rotating block 2. One end of the locking pin 463 is hemispherical. The rotating shaft of the rotating block 2 is provided with a slot 464 corresponding to the hemispherical end of the locking pin 463. The hemispherical end of the locking pin 463 is movably pressed against the inner wall of the slot 464. In order to improve the stability when the locking pin 463 and the slot 464 are pressed together, there are two locking pins 463 and two slots 464. The two locking pins 463 correspond one-to-one with the two slots 464, and the two locking pins 463 are symmetrically arranged. The rotating shaft of the rotating block 2 is provided with an elastic element 465 that makes the rotating block 2 rotate until the pressure roller 21 is horizontal with the main shaft axis of the lathe body 8. In this application, the elastic element 465 is an elastic torsion spring.

[0076] When the large diameter end of the tapered shaft 7 approaches the three-jaw chuck 84, the technician presses the knob 454, causing the adjusting rod 451 to slide towards the fixed gear ring 453 until the movable gear ring 452 abuts against the fixed gear ring 453 and engages with it. Then, the technician rotates the knob 454, causing the movable gear ring 452 and the fixed gear ring 453 to rotate, thereby rotating the switching disk 41 until the indicator line 455 on the knob 454 corresponds to the first mark 111. At this time, the switching disk 41 is not easy to rotate under the damping action. When the two open ends of one first pipe 42 are connected to the first cavity 32 and the liquid inlet cavity 37 respectively, the two open ends of the other first pipe 42 are connected to the second cavity 33 and the liquid outlet cavity 38 respectively. The open ends of the second pipe 43 and the third pipe 44 are in a blocked state, so that the rotatable direction of the rotating block 2 is adapted to the taper of the tapered shaft 7.

[0077] After the switching disk 41 has rotated, the technicians release the adjusting rod 451. Under the elastic force, the protruding end of the adjusting rod 451 moves away from the fixed gear ring 453, thereby separating the movable gear ring 452 from the fixed gear ring 453. At the same time, the damping provided makes it difficult for the switching disk 41 to rotate accidentally, thereby maintaining the stability of the piston column 31 and improving the stability of the positioning support.

[0078] After the tapered shaft 7 is machined, the technician presses and rotates the knob 454 to rotate the switching disk 41 until the indicator line 455 on the knob 454 corresponds to the third mark 113. At this time, the switching disk 41 rotates 90°. When the two open ends of one first pipe 42 are connected to the first cavity 32 and the second cavity 33 respectively, the two open ends of the other first pipe 42 are connected to the inlet cavity 37 and the outlet cavity 38 respectively. At the same time, the open end of the second pipe 43 is in a blocked state. The two open ends of the third pipe 44 are connected to the inlet cavity 37 and the outlet cavity 38 respectively. This is the reset position of the switching disk 41.

[0079] Since the inlet chamber 37 is connected to the outlet chamber 38 and does not pass through the one-way valve 39, the vernier column 35 slides freely in the observation box 34. At this time, the vernier column 35 slides towards the limit block 462 under the elastic force until the vernier column 35 and the side wall of the limit block 462 are pressed together. At this time, the 0 mark position of the vernier column 35 realizes the automatic reset of the vernier column 35. At the same time, since the cross-section of the guide rod 461 is polygonal, the vernier column 35 is not easy to rotate when sliding along the guide rod 461, so that the vernier column 35 and the scale line 36 on the observation box 34 are kept in correspondence, which makes it easy for technicians to read the scale value.

[0080] Simultaneously, under the action of the elastic element 465, the rotating block 2 rotates until the pressure roller 21 is horizontal with the main axis of the lathe body 8. At this time, the locking pin 463 slides into the locking groove 464 under the elastic force, and the hemispherical end of the locking pin 463 moves and abuts against the inner wall of the locking groove 464, thereby achieving the pre-fixation of the rotating block 2, thus realizing the automatic reset of the rotating block 2 and the pressure roller 21. Since the abutting end of the locking pin 463 against the inner wall of the locking groove 464 is hemispherical, it is not easy to hinder the rotation of the rotating block 2, which is convenient for the next operation.

[0081] When the small diameter end of the next conical shaft 7 to be processed approaches the three-jaw chuck 84, the technician presses and rotates the knob 454 to reverse the switching disk 41 until the indicator line 455 on the knob 454 corresponds to the second mark 112. At this time, the switching disk 41 rotates 45° in the opposite direction. The two open ends of one second pipe 43 are connected to the first cavity 32 and the liquid outlet cavity 38 respectively, and the two open ends of the other second pipe 43 are connected to the second cavity 33 and the liquid inlet cavity 37 respectively. The open ends of the first pipe 42 and the third pipe 44 are in a blocked state, so as to quickly adjust the rotatable direction of the rotating block 2. When measuring the taper of the conical shaft 7 with different tilt orientations, the vernier column 35 always slides in one direction, which makes it easy for the technician to read the scale value.

[0082] Furthermore, in order to fix the rotating block 2 and facilitate the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces, a locking component 5 is provided on the mounting bracket 1, as shown in the reference. Figure 5 The locking component 5 includes a regulating valve 51 fixed to one of the second pipes 43. A synchronization groove 52 is provided on the side wall of the regulating rod 451 near the regulating valve 51. The valve stem of the regulating valve 51 slides within the synchronization groove 52. The valve stem of the regulating valve 51 is in contact with the inner side wall of the synchronization groove 52. The valve stem of the regulating valve 51 has a polygonal cross-section. In this application, the valve stem of the regulating valve 51 has a regular quadrilateral cross-section. In other embodiments, the valve stem of the regulating valve 51 can also be a polygonal shape such as a triangle, pentagon, or hexagon. As long as the valve stem of the regulating valve 51 can slide within the synchronization groove 52 and rotate synchronously with the regulating rod 451, it is acceptable.

[0083] After the vernier column 35 and the rotating block 2 are reset, when conventional shaft-type workpieces need to be positioned and supported, the technician presses and rotates the adjusting rod 451 to rotate the switching disk 41 until the indicator line 455 on the knob 454 corresponds to the fourth mark 114. At this time, the switching disk 41 rotates 45°, and the two open ends of one second pipe 43 are connected to the first cavity 32 and the liquid outlet cavity 38 respectively. The two open ends of the other second pipe 43 are connected to the second cavity 33 and the liquid inlet cavity 37 respectively, and the open ends of the first pipe 42 and the third pipe 44 are in a blocked state.

[0084] Then, the technician stops pressing the adjusting rod 451, separating the movable gear ring 452 from the fixed gear ring 453. The technician then continues to rotate the adjusting rod 451. Since the valve stem of the regulating valve 51 has a polygonal cross-section and is movable and pressed against the inner wall of the synchronous groove 52, the adjusting rod 451 drives the regulating valve 51 rod to rotate. Moreover, the switching disc 41 is not easy to rotate under the damping effect, thus closing the regulating valve 51, thereby hindering the flow of hydraulic oil and fixing the piston column 31, thereby fixing the rotating block 2. This facilitates the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces, improves the versatility of equipment applications, and eliminates the need for frequent disassembly and assembly of the hydraulic center frame, thus improving work efficiency.

[0085] The implementation principle of a horizontal lathe with positioning function in this application embodiment is as follows: when a tapered shaft 7 needs to be machined, the technician fixes the tapered shaft 7 on the three-jaw chuck 84 and pushes the ejector pin 85 so that the ejector pin 85 presses against the other end of the tapered shaft 7, thereby realizing the installation of the tapered shaft 7.

[0086] Then, the technician presses and rotates the knob 454 according to the tilt direction of the conical shaft 7 to rotate the switching disk 41 until the indicator line 455 corresponds to the first mark 111 or the second mark 112. Then, the technician starts the hydraulic center frame, so that the support claw 11 is close to the conical shaft 7, and the pressure roller 21 is pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the conical shaft 7, so that the rotating block 2 rotates, which in turn drives the cam 61 and the crank 62 to rotate, so that the two piston columns 31 slide away from each other, so that the hydraulic oil is pressed into the inlet chamber 37 and the hydraulic oil is drawn out of the outlet chamber 38, so that the hydraulic oil drives the vernier column 35 to slide. Then, the technician can read the taper value of the conical shaft 7 through the vernier column 35 and the scale line 36 on the observation box 34. At the same time, due to the combined action of the one-way valve 39 and the three pressure rollers 21, the piston column 31 in the cavity connected to the outlet chamber 38 is not easy to slide relative to each other, so as to achieve the positioning support of the conical shaft 7.

[0087] Then the technicians start the equipment, which drives the three-jaw chuck 84 to rotate, thereby driving the tapered shaft 7 to rotate. At the same time, the first motor and the second motor work to realize the sliding of the tool holder 81 and the cutting tool 83, thereby realizing the cutting of the tapered shaft 7.

[0088] After processing, technicians press and rotate knob 454 until indicator line 455 corresponds to third mark line 113. At this time, vernier column 35 slides freely in observation box 34. Vernier column 35 slides close to and presses against limit block 462 under elastic force, realizing the reset of vernier column 35. Rotating block 2 rotates under the action of elastic element 465 until pressure roller 21 is horizontal with the main axis of lathe body 8. At this time, clasp 463 slides into clasp groove 464 under elastic force, and the hemispherical end of clasp 463 moves and presses against the inner wall of clasp groove 464, realizing the pre-fixation of rotating block 2 and realizing the automatic reset of rotating block 2 and pressure roller 21.

[0089] When positioning and supporting conventional shaft-type workpieces is required, the technician presses and rotates the knob 454 until the indicator line 455 corresponds to the third mark 113. Then, the technician stops pressing the adjusting rod 451. At this time, the adjusting rod 451 slides away from the fixed gear ring 453 under the elastic force, causing the movable gear ring 452 to separate from the fixed gear ring 453. Then, the technician continues to rotate the adjusting rod 451, causing the adjusting rod 451 to drive the valve stem of the regulating valve 51 to rotate. The switching disc 41 is not easy to rotate under the damping action, thereby closing the regulating valve 51, thus hindering the flow of hydraulic oil, fixing the piston column 31, and thus fixing the rotating block 2, which facilitates the positioning and support of conventional shaft-type workpieces.

[0090] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A horizontal lathe with positioning function, characterized in that: The lathe includes a lathe body, a tool holder movably mounted on the lathe body, and a sliding assembly that drives the tool holder to slide along the length and width of the lathe body. A tapered shaft is rotatably mounted on the lathe body, and a cutting tool is provided on the tool holder, with the cutting tool arranged horizontally toward the axis of the tapered shaft. The lathe body is provided with a mounting bracket, on which three support claws are movably mounted. A rotating block is rotatably mounted on the end of the support claws away from the mounting bracket. A pressure roller is rotatably mounted on the rotating block. The pressure roller is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft, and the rotation axis of the pressure roller is always perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating block. When the pressure roller is movably pressed against the outer peripheral wall of the tapered shaft, the three support claws are evenly spaced along the main axis of the lathe body. The mounting bracket is provided with a locking component for fixing the rotating block and a measuring component for measuring the rotation angle of the rotating block. The support claw has a first cavity and a second cavity. The measuring component includes a piston rod slidably disposed in the first cavity and the second cavity. The outer peripheral wall of the piston rod is movably fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the first cavity and the second cavity. The support claw is provided with an observation box. A vernier column is slidably disposed in the observation box. The outer peripheral wall of the vernier column is movably fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the observation box. Both the observation box and the vernier column are provided with scale lines. The vernier column divides the observation box into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber. The first cavity, the second cavity, the inlet chamber, and the outlet chamber are selectively connected. Both the inlet and outlet ends of the observation box are provided with one-way valves. The first cavity, the second cavity, and the observation box contain hydraulic oil. The mounting bracket is provided with a switching component that switches the connection between the first cavity, the second cavity, and the observation box, and a transmission component that drives the rotating block to slide closer or further away from each other. The transmission assembly includes cams located at both ends of the rotating block shaft, with the protruding ends of the two cams facing opposite directions. Cranks are rotatably mounted on the sidewalls of the cams that are far apart from each other. The two piston rods correspond one-to-one with the two cranks, and the end of the crank that is far away from the cam is rotatably connected to the piston rod.

2. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching assembly includes a switching disk rotatably disposed within the support claw. The switching disk contains two first pipes arranged opposite each other and two second pipes arranged at intervals around the circumference of the switching disk. The two open ends of the first pipes are arranged at 90° intervals, and the two open ends of the second pipes are arranged at 180° intervals. The eight open ends of the first pipes and the second pipes are evenly arranged along the outer peripheral wall of the switching disk. The support claw is provided with an adjusting component for adjusting the rotation of the switching disk. When the two open ends of one of the first pipes are respectively connected to the first cavity and the liquid inlet cavity, the two open ends of the other first pipe are respectively connected to the second cavity and the liquid outlet cavity, and the open end of the second pipe is in a blocked state. When the two open ends of one of the second pipes are connected to the first cavity and the liquid outlet cavity respectively, and the two open ends of the other second pipe are connected to the second cavity and the liquid inlet cavity respectively, the open end of the first pipe is in a blocked state.

3. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching assembly further includes a third pipe disposed within the switching disk. The two open ends of the third pipe are located between the two open ends of one of the first pipes, and the two open ends of the third pipe are movably connected to the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber, respectively. The support claw is provided with a reset member for resetting the vernier column and the rotating block. When the two open ends of one of the first pipes are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity respectively, the two open ends of the other first pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively. At this time, the open end of the second pipe is in a blocked state, and the two open ends of the third pipe are connected to the inlet cavity and the outlet cavity respectively.

4. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting component includes an adjusting rod that is elastically slidable and rotatably mounted on the support claw. One end of the adjusting rod protrudes movably from the side wall of the support claw, and the other end of the adjusting rod is provided with a movable toothed ring. A fixed toothed ring is coaxially mounted on the switching disk. The movable toothed ring and the fixed toothed ring are coaxially mounted, and the movable toothed ring and the fixed toothed ring are movably engaged on the side that is close to each other. The rotating connection of the switching disk is provided with damping.

5. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reset component includes a guide rod disposed within the observation box. The vernier column is elastically slidably sleeved on the guide rod. The guide rod has a polygonal cross-section and a limiting block is provided on the guide rod. The limiting block is located on the side of the vernier column near the liquid inlet chamber. The vernier column and the limiting block are movably pressed against each other on their adjacent side walls. A locking pin is elastically slidably disposed within the support claw. One end of the locking pin is hemispherical. A slot corresponding to the hemispherical end of the locking pin is opened on the rotating shaft of the rotating block. The hemispherical end of the locking pin is movably pressed against the inner wall of the slot. An elastic element is provided at the rotating shaft of the rotating block to rotate the rotating block until the axis of the pressure roller is horizontal with the axis of the main spindle of the lathe body.

6. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The locking assembly includes a regulating valve on one of the second pipes, a synchronization groove on the side wall of the regulating rod near the regulating valve, the valve stem of the regulating valve slidingly located in the synchronization groove, the valve stem of the regulating valve movingly abutting against the inner side wall of the synchronization groove, and the valve stem of the regulating valve having a polygonal cross-section.

7. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The observation box has an observation port at the vernier column scale line, and the observation box is equipped with a transparent cover to seal the observation port.

8. A horizontal lathe with positioning function according to claim 7, characterized in that: An isolation cover is detachably fixed to the support claw, and the cam and the crank are both located inside the isolation cover.

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