Tail hydrogen eliminating device and tail hydrogen eliminating method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tail hydrogen eliminating device which comprises an air inlet unit, an ejection unit, a tail hydrogen eliminating unit and a tail hydrogen eliminating unit. The injection unit is communicated with the gas inlet unit and is used for introducing tail hydrogen to be treated and inputting the tail hydrogen into the mixing area through high-speed gas flow; the mixing unit is communicated with the injection unit and is used for uniformly mixing the input air and tail hydrogen to be treated; the hydrogen elimination unit is communicated with the mixing unit and is used for carrying out hydrogen elimination treatment on the mixed air and tail hydrogen to be treated; and the control system is respectively connected with and controls the gas inlet unit, the injection unit and the hydrogen elimination unit. Automatic dilution, uniform mixing and catalytic oxidation of tail hydrogen are achieved, tail hydrogen gas can be efficiently eliminated, safety and treatment efficiency are improved, and energy waste is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy safety, in particular to a tail hydrogen elimination device and a tail hydrogen elimination method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen is widely used in hydrogen production, storage and transportation, fuel cells and hydrogen refueling stations. However, due to the small diameter and fast diffusion of hydrogen molecules, leakage or tail hydrogen emission often occurs at sealed interfaces and tail gas discharge ports. If the tail hydrogen is directly discharged without treatment, not only energy is wasted, but also it can accumulate in a certain space, which can easily reach the explosion limit concentration, posing a serious threat to the safety of hydrogen energy device operation. Therefore, how to efficiently and reliably eliminate tail hydrogen gas has become an important technical problem for the safe operation of hydrogen energy devices.

[0003] The existing tail hydrogen treatment methods mainly include ventilation dilution method and direct combustion method. The ventilation dilution method relies on natural or forced air flow to reduce the concentration of hydrogen gas, but due to uneven air distribution, the dilution process is uneven, and the hydrogen concentration in local areas may still be close to the lower explosion limit, resulting in low reaction efficiency and difficulty in adapting to complex air flow environment in closed spaces. Although the direct combustion method can directly consume hydrogen, the combustion process has a risk of flame backfiring, especially in the case of large fluctuations in hydrogen concentration, backfiring can easily cause safety accidents. At the same time, this method has high energy consumption, complex heat management, and is not suitable for small flow and intermittent tail hydrogen emission scenarios, such as trace tail hydrogen during the start and stop of fuel cell systems.

[0004] Some devices attempt to use catalytic oxidation to treat hydrogen, which promotes the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate water through a catalyst, but generally lack an effective air flow driving mechanism, which cannot stably form a uniform mixed air flow under low flow conditions, resulting in insufficient reaction on the surface of the catalyst. At the same time, the lack of safety interlocking mechanism cannot respond in time when the hydrogen concentration is abnormal, resulting in insufficient system stability or reduced processing efficiency. These defects make it difficult for existing technologies to meet the comprehensive needs of automation control, efficient hydrogen elimination and safety protection, especially in the small flow and fluctuating tail hydrogen emission scenarios that frequently occur during the operation of hydrogen energy devices. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can automatically dilute and transport tail hydrogen through air flow driving and completely eliminate hydrogen through catalytic oxidation to solve the problems of insufficient reliability, poor adaptability and safety hazards in existing technologies.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the existing technology needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0006] A tail hydrogen elimination device and a tail hydrogen elimination method can efficiently mix and catalytically eliminate tail hydrogen through automation control, improve safety and processing efficiency, and reduce energy waste.

[0007] The above technical objective of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A tail hydrogen elimination device comprises:

[0009] An air intake unit, one end of which is in communication with the outside, is used to introduce external air and form a high-speed airflow, and input an ejector unit;

[0010] An ejector unit, in communication with the air intake unit, is used to introduce the tail hydrogen to be treated and input the mixing area through the high-speed airflow;

[0011] A mixing unit, in communication with the ejector unit, is used to mix the input air and the tail hydrogen to be treated uniformly;

[0012] A hydrogen elimination unit, in communication with the mixing unit, is used to perform hydrogen elimination treatment on the mixed air and the tail hydrogen to be treated;

[0013] A control system, respectively connected to and controlling the air intake unit, the ejector unit and the hydrogen elimination unit.

[0014] Further, the air intake unit comprises a variable frequency fan arranged at the outer end, one end of the variable frequency fan being used to introduce external air and form a high-speed airflow, the other end of the variable frequency fan being in communication with the ejector unit through a plurality of parallel arranged air intake channels;

[0015] An adjusting device for controlling opening / closing is arranged on each of the air intake channels, and a contraction outlet is arranged at the end of the air intake channel, the contraction outlet being used to input the high-speed airflow into the ejector unit and form a negative pressure area.

[0016] Further, the ejector unit comprises a tubular main body in communication with the contraction outlet of the air intake unit, an injection port being arranged at one end of the ejector unit, the injection port being used to transport the tail hydrogen to be treated into the interior of the ejector unit through a tail hydrogen pipeline, a hydrogen sensor being arranged on the tail hydrogen pipeline, and a perforated plate being arranged at one end of the ejector unit.

[0017] Further, the injection port is arranged in the negative pressure area formed by the contraction outlet; the perforated plate is arranged downstream of the injection port and away from the injection port, and is used to perform secondary flow disturbance on the airflow from the injection port and the contraction outlet, so as to stabilize the mixed flow state;

[0018] The central axis of the injection port and the airflow direction of the contraction outlet form an included angle of 30° to 45°, so that the inhaled tail hydrogen is obliquely cut into the air main flow; the tail hydrogen pipeline is a small-diameter pipeline, which cooperates with the perforated plate and is used to accurately control the inhaled flow of the tail hydrogen.

[0019] Further, the mixing unit comprises a spiral pipe body, one end of the spiral pipe body is communicated with the tubular body of the ejector unit, the input air and the tail hydrogen to be treated are mixed uniformly in the process of flowing through the spiral pipe body, and the other end of the spiral pipe body is communicated with the hydrogen elimination unit;

[0020] The inlet end and the outlet end of the spiral pipe body are respectively provided with straight pipe sections, wherein the straight pipe section at the inlet end is used for reducing air flow impact, and the straight pipe section at the outlet end is used for stabilizing the flow state of the mixed gas; the curved section of the spiral pipe body adopts an equal-curvature design, which is used for adapting to the uniform turbulent flow formed after the orifice plate and avoiding secondary stratification of the air flow at the elbow pipe.

[0021] Further, the hydrogen elimination unit comprises a heating cavity, a connecting port communicated with the mixing unit is arranged on the side wall of the heating cavity, a wire mesh is arranged at the connecting port, an electric heating rod is arranged in the interior of the heating cavity, the electric heating rod is arranged along the length direction of the heating cavity, and a plurality of layers of porous ceramic particles and palladium catalyst are stacked along the length direction of the electric heating rod.

[0022] Further, the data input end of the control system is connected with the hydrogen sensor, and the control signal output end of the control system is respectively connected with the variable frequency fan, the adjusting device and the electric heating rod.

[0023] The control system compares the hydrogen concentration data input by the hydrogen sensor with a set threshold value and sends corresponding control signals to the variable frequency fan, the adjusting device and the electric heating rod.

[0024] A tail hydrogen elimination method, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1. Hydrogen dynamic monitoring:

[0026] The hydrogen flow and concentration in the tail hydrogen pipeline are detected in real time by a hydrogen sensor;

[0027] S2. Intelligent ejector starting:

[0028] When the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to a set threshold value, a variable frequency fan is started to suck external air to form a high-speed air flow, and a negative pressure area is formed at the contraction outlet of the air inlet unit;

[0029] The adjusting device is controlled according to the flow of the high-speed air flow, the opening and closing quantity and the opening degree of the parallel air inlet channels are adjusted, so that the air flow rate is matched with the hydrogen flow;

[0030] The tail hydrogen is obliquely injected into the high-speed air flow through the injection port by the negative pressure area, and flows through the orifice plate for secondary turbulence to stabilize the mixed flow state;

[0031] S3. Turbulent mixing:

[0032] The high-speed airflow and the tail hydrogen are fully mixed in the spiral tube of the mixing unit through a bend of equal curvature;

[0033] S4. Catalytic hydrogen elimination conversion:

[0034] The mixed gas is evenly distributed through a metal wire mesh and then enters the heating chamber. It is heated by an electric heating rod, which causes the tail hydrogen to be oxidized into water through porous ceramic particles and a palladium catalyst.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a safety shutdown control mechanism, which performs the following steps:

[0036] When the hydrogen concentration remains below the set threshold:

[0037] First turn off the electric heating rod, then turn off the inverter fan after a delay of 30-60 seconds;

[0038] When the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to the lower explosive limit, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately and the power supply will be cut off.

[0039] This invention integrates an intake unit, an ejector unit, a mixing unit, a hydrogen elimination unit, and a control system to achieve automatic dilution, uniform mixing, and catalytic oxidation of tail hydrogen. It can efficiently eliminate tail hydrogen gas, improve safety and processing efficiency, and reduce energy waste.

[0040] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] 1. The tail hydrogen elimination device provided by this invention utilizes a specially designed airflow channel structure to create negative pressure in the contraction section of the high-speed airflow, automatically drawing in tail hydrogen and mixing it thoroughly with air. This avoids the additional energy consumption and complex piping associated with separately transporting tail hydrogen. The design of this invention ensures that the tail hydrogen is sufficiently diluted before entering the catalytic reaction zone, reducing the risk of explosion that may be caused by high concentrations of hydrogen and significantly improving the inherent safety of the system operation.

[0042] 2. The device of this invention is equipped with a hydrogen concentration monitoring and control unit, which can detect the tail hydrogen concentration in real time and automatically link the fan and heating unit to achieve dynamic start-stop control. This intelligent response mode not only improves the timeliness of hydrogen processing but also avoids prolonged operation of the heating device, reducing energy consumption and extending the catalyst's lifespan. The device is equipped with a safety interlock; when the hydrogen concentration exceeds 25% of the lower explosive limit, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered, and the system will automatically shut down, further enhancing the system's safety level.

[0043] 3. The catalyst used in this invention is palladium or a palladium-platinum composite catalyst, which can be supported on a porous ceramic matrix and exhibits excellent catalytic activity and resistance to poisoning. Rapid hydrogen oxidation and conversion can be achieved at low temperatures of 80–150°C, with the only product being water, resulting in no secondary pollution. The device of this invention can be widely applied in various scenarios such as water electrolysis hydrogen production systems, fuel cell exhaust gas treatment, elimination of leaked hydrogen from hydrogen storage devices, and safety protection of hydrogen refueling stations, demonstrating strong versatility and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tail hydrogen elimination device described in this invention.

[0045] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake unit and ejector unit described in this invention.

[0046] Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen elimination unit described in this invention.

[0047] Fig. 4 This is a schematic flowchart of the tail hydrogen elimination method described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

[0049] like Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, this application of the present invention proposes a tail hydrogen elimination device, which introduces external air through an air intake unit 101 to form a high-speed airflow and drives an ejector unit 102 to introduce tail hydrogen to be treated; subsequently, a mixing unit 103 mixes the air and tail hydrogen evenly, and then a hydrogen elimination unit 104 performs hydrogen elimination treatment; the entire process is connected and controlled by a control system 105, thereby achieving efficient and automated elimination of tail hydrogen.

[0050] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment:

[0051] The intake unit 101 is responsible for drawing in air from the external environment and accelerating it to form a high-speed airflow. This high-speed airflow is the power source for the ejection process, ensuring that the tail hydrogen can be effectively introduced.

[0052] The ejector unit 102 utilizes the high-speed airflow generated by the intake unit 101 to create a negative pressure in a specific area through the Venturi effect or jet effect, thereby safely drawing the tail hydrogen gas to be treated into the system and initially mixing it with the high-speed airflow.

[0053] The mixing unit 103 receives the initial mixed gas output from the ejector unit 102 and, through its internal structural design, further promotes the thorough and uniform mixing of air and tail hydrogen, providing a homogeneous gas flow for subsequent hydrogen removal treatment.

[0054] The hydrogen removal unit 104 performs the final hydrogen removal conversion on the gas treated by the mixing unit 103. It converts hydrogen into harmless substances, such as water, through a specific physical or chemical reaction mechanism.

[0055] The control system 105 serves as the intelligent hub of the device, responsible for monitoring the operating status of each unit and coordinating the control of the intake unit 101, ejector unit 102, and hydrogen elimination unit 104 according to preset logic or real-time data to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the device.

[0056] One end of the intake unit 101 is connected to the external environment to introduce outside air and form a high-speed airflow. This high-speed airflow is then guided to the ejector unit 102. The intake unit 101 draws in and accelerates outside air through mechanical drive. In order to form a stable high-speed airflow, the end of the internal flow channel of the intake unit 101 can be designed as a flow channel with a smaller diameter to increase the airflow velocity.

[0057] The ejector unit 102 is connected to the intake unit 101 and is used to introduce the tail hydrogen to be treated. The ejector unit 102 uses the high-speed airflow provided by the intake unit 101 to generate negative pressure in a specific area, thereby drawing in the tail hydrogen gas. After being drawn in, the tail hydrogen is mixed with the high-speed airflow and driven into the mixing unit 103 by the high-speed airflow.

[0058] The mixing unit 103 is connected to the ejector unit 102, and its function is to mix the input air and the tail hydrogen to be treated evenly. To achieve sufficient mixing, the mixing unit 103 can be designed as a pipe with a suitable length-to-diameter ratio. For example, a curved pipe can be set inside the pipe to increase the turbulence of the airflow and the mixing path, ensuring that the hydrogen and air are evenly distributed before entering the hydrogen removal unit 104.

[0059] The hydrogen removal unit 104 is connected to the mixing unit 103 and is used to remove hydrogen from the mixed air and the tail hydrogen to be treated. Hydrogen removal can be achieved using various technical routes, such as catalytic oxidation, thermal oxidation, or adsorption conversion. In the catalytic oxidation method, the hydrogen removal unit 104 may include a reaction chamber filled with a catalyst support. When the mixed gas flows over the catalyst surface, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water.

[0060] The control system 105 is connected to and controls the air intake unit 101, the ejector unit 102, and the hydrogen removal unit 104, respectively. This control system can be composed of a programmable logic controller (PLC), a microcontroller, or an industrial computer. It receives operating parameters from within the device (e.g., airflow speed, concentration, temperature) or external commands to monitor and adjust the operating status of the air intake unit 101 (e.g., fan speed), the ejection efficiency of the ejector unit 102 (e.g., by adjusting the airflow), and the hydrogen removal process of the hydrogen removal unit 104 (e.g., reaction temperature) in real time, ensuring stable operation and effective treatment of the device.

[0061] The tail hydrogen removal device in this embodiment generates a high-speed airflow through the intake unit 101 and safely and automatically introduces tail hydrogen using the ejector unit 102, avoiding the uneven dilution and backfire risks of traditional methods. The mixing unit 103 ensures that hydrogen and air are fully and uniformly mixed, creating conditions for the efficient catalytic conversion of the hydrogen removal unit 104. The control system 105 realizes the automated coordination and control of each unit, effectively solving the safety hazards and energy waste problems of tail hydrogen emissions from hydrogen energy devices, and improving the reliability and processing efficiency of system operation.

[0062] In some of the solutions described above in this application, an air intake unit is proposed to introduce external air and form a high-speed airflow, which is then input into the ejector unit. However, in this process, the control of airflow rate and speed is not precise enough, and a stable negative pressure zone cannot be effectively formed to adapt to different tail hydrogen flow rates, resulting in unstable ejection effect and affecting the reliable intake and subsequent mixing treatment of tail hydrogen.

[0063] In response, this application further proposes a tail hydrogen elimination device, wherein the air intake unit 101 includes a variable frequency fan 201 disposed at the outer end. One end of the variable frequency fan 201 is used to introduce external air and form a high-speed airflow, and the other end of the variable frequency fan 201 is connected to the ejector unit 102 through several parallel air intake channels. Each air intake channel is provided with an adjustment device 202 for controlling opening / closing, and a contraction outlet 203 is provided at the end of the air intake channel. The contraction outlet 203 is used to input the high-speed airflow into the ejector unit 102 and form a negative pressure zone.

[0064] Specifically, the variable frequency fan 201 is a power device that adjusts the motor speed via a frequency converter, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the fan's output air volume and air pressure. Its function is to provide a precisely controllable airflow source to adapt to air demands under different operating conditions. For example, a centrifugal fan can be combined with a variable frequency drive, adjusting the motor frequency to change the impeller speed, thus precisely controlling the air volume and air pressure; alternatively, an axial flow fan can be combined with a variable frequency drive, adjusting the motor frequency to change the blade speed, achieving fine control of airflow speed. The several parallel air intake channels refer to multiple independent pipes connected in parallel, jointly delivering air to the ejector unit 102. Its purpose is to increase the flexibility and controllability of airflow delivery, allowing selective opening or closing of some channels as needed to achieve a wider range of airflow adjustment. For example, multiple circular pipes of the same diameter can be arranged in parallel, each pipe independently connected to the ejector unit 102. The adjustment device 202 is a mechanical device installed on the air intake channel to control the airflow. Its function is to achieve precise control of a single air intake channel, thereby coordinating with the variable frequency fan 201 to perform graded and refined regulation of the total airflow. For example, a butterfly valve or ball valve can be used, with the valve body rotated to control the opening of the channel, realizing the on / off state of the airflow and flow regulation; or, an electric or pneumatic baffle valve can be used, with the opening and closing angle of the baffle controlled by a drive device, thereby precisely adjusting the cross-sectional area through which the airflow passes. The contraction outlet 203 refers to the structure with a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area at the end of the air intake channel. Its function is to accelerate the airflow passing through the air intake channel, so that it reaches a high speed when entering the ejector unit 102, and forms a negative pressure in a specific area. For example, a conical nozzle structure can be used, with a smooth inner wall and a cross-section that gradually contracts along the airflow direction to accelerate the airflow with minimal energy loss; or, a venturi tube contraction section design can be used, with precise geometric parameter design to generate a stable high-speed airflow and a significant negative pressure zone at the outlet of the contraction section.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, the air intake unit 101 of this application, by introducing a variable frequency fan 201, can precisely adjust the flow rate and speed of the introduced external air according to actual needs, overcoming the limitations of traditional fixed flow rate or speed air sources. Simultaneously, through several parallel air intake channels and adjustment devices 202 installed on each channel, refined graded control of the airflow is achieved, allowing the air input to more accurately match the tail hydrogen flow rate under different operating conditions. When the high-speed airflow passes through the constriction outlet 203, its velocity further increases, forming a stable and controllable negative pressure zone at the inlet of the ejector unit 102. This combined design ensures the stability and efficiency of the ejection process, enabling tail hydrogen to be reliably drawn in and fully mixed with air, providing a stable air source and mixing basis for subsequent hydrogen removal treatment, thereby effectively solving the problems of inaccurate airflow control and unstable ejection effect.

[0066] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, an ejector unit is proposed for introducing tail hydrogen. However, in its implementation, there may be problems such as low ejection efficiency, unstable mixing, inaccurate hydrogen flow control, and lack of real-time monitoring, which may lead to unsmooth tail hydrogen introduction, increased safety risks, or poor subsequent treatment effects.

[0067] In this regard, this application further proposes that the ejector unit 102 includes a tubular body that communicates with the contraction outlet 203 of the air intake unit 101. An ejector port 204 is provided at one end of the ejector unit 102. The ejector port 204 transports the tail hydrogen to be processed into the interior of the ejector unit 102 through the tail hydrogen pipeline 205. A hydrogen sensor 206 is provided on the tail hydrogen pipeline 205. An orifice plate 207 is provided at one end of the ejector unit 102.

[0068] Specifically, the tubular body of the ejector unit 102 is its core structure, used to carry and guide the high-speed gas flow and tail hydrogen. This tubular body is connected to the contraction outlet 203 of the inlet unit 101, ensuring that the high-speed gas flow can smoothly and effectively enter the ejector unit 102, providing a stable power source for the ejection process. The tubular body can be cylindrical with smooth inner walls to reduce airflow resistance and ensure airflow stability.

[0069] The ejector port 204 is the channel for tail hydrogen to enter the ejector unit 102. It is usually located in the negative pressure area formed after the high-speed gas flow passes through the contraction outlet 203, and uses the Bernoulli effect to draw in external tail hydrogen. The ejector port 204 can be directly opened on the side wall of the tubular body and connected to the tail hydrogen pipeline 205.

[0070] Tail hydrogen pipeline 205 is a dedicated pipeline for transporting tail hydrogen to be treated, ensuring that the tail hydrogen can be accurately guided from its source to the ejector port 204 and then into the ejector unit 102. Tail hydrogen pipeline 205 can be made of flexible or rigid pipe, and the material can be selected according to the corrosiveness or pressure requirements of the tail hydrogen, such as stainless steel pipe or polytetrafluoroethylene pipe; its length and diameter can be designed according to the actual installation space and the required flow rate to optimize the tail hydrogen transportation efficiency.

[0071] The hydrogen sensor 206 is used to monitor the concentration or flow rate of tail hydrogen in the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 in real time, and is a key component for realizing automated control and safety assurance. The hydrogen sensor 206 can be an electrochemical sensor, which determines the concentration by measuring the current generated by the reaction of hydrogen with electrodes; or, the hydrogen sensor 206 can also be a thermal conductivity sensor, which uses the difference in thermal conductivity between hydrogen and air to detect the hydrogen concentration.

[0072] An orifice plate 207 is a fluid resistance element, typically featuring orifices of a specific shape, designed to generate a pressure drop and alter the flow regime as fluid passes through. Here, it primarily serves to turbulent the airflow, promoting mixing or stabilizing the flow. The orifice plate 207 can be a flat plate structure with small orifices, the turbulence intensity adjusted by the orifice diameter and number; alternatively, it can be designed with openings of specific geometries (such as star-shaped or spiral-shaped) to generate more complex vortices, further enhancing the mixing effect.

[0073] Through the above technical solutions, the structure of the ejector unit 102 is optimized, effectively solving the efficiency and safety issues in the tail hydrogen introduction process. The tubular main body is connected to the contraction outlet 203 of the air intake unit 101, ensuring that the high-speed airflow smoothly enters the ejector unit 102, providing a stable power foundation for tail hydrogen ejection and avoiding airflow interruption or energy loss. The ejector port 204 utilizes the negative pressure effect to efficiently draw in tail hydrogen, preventing leakage or uneven intake, thereby improving ejection efficiency. The hydrogen sensor 206 installed on the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 can monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time, promptly detecting abnormal flow or concentration fluctuations, significantly improving the system's safety and control accuracy, and solving the problems of lack of real-time monitoring and inaccurate flow control. In addition, an orifice plate 207 is installed at one end of the ejector unit 102 to disturb the incoming airflow, stabilize the flow state and reduce turbulent stratification, providing uniform initial mixing conditions for the subsequent mixing unit 103, effectively solving the problem of unstable mixing. These features work synergistically to not only improve the ejection efficiency of tail hydrogen, but also reduce safety risks through real-time monitoring and flow regime optimization, ensuring the reliability and continuity of the tail hydrogen treatment process.

[0074] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, an ejector unit is proposed to introduce tail hydrogen to be treated and input it into the mixing zone through a high-speed gas flow. However, in its implementation, the mixing of tail hydrogen and air may not be uniform enough, the flow pattern may be unstable, and the tail hydrogen intake flow rate may not be accurately controlled, resulting in low mixing efficiency, poor subsequent hydrogen removal effect, and safety risks.

[0075] In response, this application further proposes improvements to the aforementioned tail hydrogen elimination device, wherein the ejector port 204 is located in the negative pressure zone formed by the contraction outlet 203; the orifice plate 207 is located downstream of the ejector port 204 and away from the ejector port 204, and is used to perform secondary turbulence on the airflow from the ejector port 204 and the contraction outlet 203 to stabilize the mixed flow state; the central axis of the ejector port 204 forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the airflow direction of the contraction outlet 203, so that the intake tail hydrogen is obliquely cut into the mainstream airflow; the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 is a small-diameter pipeline, which cooperates with the orifice plate 207 to precisely control the intake flow rate of tail hydrogen.

[0076] Specifically, the ejector port 204 is positioned within the negative pressure zone formed by the contraction outlet 203. Its purpose is to utilize the low-pressure area created when a high-speed airflow passes through the contraction outlet 203 to efficiently and passively draw in tail hydrogen without requiring an additional power source. The location and intensity of this negative pressure zone can be precisely determined through hydrodynamic calculations or experimental verification to ensure that the ejector port 204 is in the optimal suction position. For example, the ejector port 204 can be a simple opening or a nozzle with a specific geometry designed to maximize ejection efficiency.

[0077] The orifice plate 207 is positioned downstream of and away from the ejector port 204 to provide secondary turbulence to the airflow from the ejector port 204 and the contraction outlet 203, thereby stabilizing the mixed flow. As a fluid resistance element, the orifice plate 207 forces the airflow through its openings, generating additional turbulence and shear forces in the airflow, further dispersing and mixing the pre-mixed gas. Its positioning away from the ejector port 204 allows for preliminary mixing of the tail hydrogen and air before entering the orifice plate 207, avoiding localized inhomogeneities that may result from premature and severe disturbances. The orifice plate 207 can employ various structures, such as a perforated plate with multiple small holes, a throttling plate with orifices of a specific shape, or a static mixer with guide vanes, to achieve different degrees of turbulence effects.

[0078] The central axis of the ejector port 204 forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the airflow direction of the contraction outlet 203, so that the drawn-in tail hydrogen cuts obliquely into the mainstream airflow. This oblique injection method can generate greater shear force, promoting rapid collision and diffusion of tail hydrogen molecules with high-speed air molecules, thereby accelerating the mixing process. This angle range is optimized to balance mixing efficiency and fluid resistance, avoiding incomplete mixing or excessive energy loss due to excessively large or small angles. For example, the ejector port 204 can be a beveled nozzle to ensure that the tail hydrogen enters the mainstream at a preset angle.

[0079] The tail hydrogen pipeline 205 is a small-diameter pipeline that works in conjunction with the orifice plate 207 to precisely control the intake flow rate of tail hydrogen. The small-diameter pipeline itself provides significant resistance to the fluid, limiting the tail hydrogen flow rate and providing initial flow control. Its interaction with the orifice plate 207 means that the pressure loss generated downstream by the orifice plate 207 will affect the negative pressure at the ejector port 204, thus influencing the intake flow rate of the tail hydrogen pipeline 205. By precisely designing the inner diameter and length of the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 and combining it with the resistance characteristics of the orifice plate 207, precise control of the tail hydrogen intake flow rate can be achieved, ensuring that the mixing ratio of tail hydrogen and air remains within a safe and efficient range.

[0080] Through the above technical solution, the ejector port 204 is positioned in the negative pressure zone formed by the contraction outlet 203, which can efficiently utilize the ejection effect of the high-speed airflow to achieve passive intake of tail hydrogen, avoiding additional power consumption. The central axis of the ejector port 204 forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the airflow direction, allowing the tail hydrogen to cut obliquely into the mainstream airflow, significantly enhancing the initial mixing efficiency of tail hydrogen and air and reducing stratification. The orifice plate 207 is positioned downstream of the ejector port 204 and away from it, providing secondary turbulence to the airflow, further ensuring the uniformity of mixing and the stability of the flow pattern, effectively avoiding the problem of excessively high or low local hydrogen concentrations. At the same time, the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 adopts a small-diameter design and cooperates with the orifice plate 207 to achieve precise control of the tail hydrogen intake flow rate, ensuring the accuracy of the mixing ratio. These improvements work together to solve the problems of uneven mixing of tail hydrogen and air, unstable flow pattern, and inaccurate flow control, significantly improving mixing efficiency and uniformity. This provides a stable and uniformly mixed gas for subsequent hydrogen removal treatment, thereby improving the operating efficiency and safety of the entire tail hydrogen removal device.

[0081] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a mixing unit is proposed to achieve uniform mixing of air and tail hydrogen. However, when the airflow enters the mixing unit, it may cause impact, resulting in uneven mixing. The unstable flow pattern at the outlet affects the hydrogen removal process, and the airflow undergoes secondary stratification in the curved section, reducing the mixing effect.

[0082] In this application, the mixing unit 103 further proposes that it includes a helical tube, one end of which is connected to the tubular body of the ejector unit 102. The input air and the tail hydrogen to be treated are mixed uniformly as they flow through the helical tube. The other end of the helical tube is connected to the hydrogen removal unit 104. The helical tube is a pipe structure with a helical channel, in which the internal fluid rotates while moving axially. This structure effectively increases the fluid's travel distance within the pipe and utilizes centrifugal force, shear force, and other forces to promote thorough mixing between different components. Besides the helical tube, the mixing unit can also employ a static mixer, such as a tube with internal blades or guide vanes, or a tube with multiple staggered, curved channels to achieve fluid mixing. The connection between the helical tube and the ejector unit 102 and the hydrogen removal unit 104 ensures smooth airflow and system sealing. In the spiral tube, the airflow constantly changes direction within the spiral channel, generating radial and circumferential flow, which causes frequent collisions and diffusion between air and tail hydrogen molecules, achieving uniform mixing at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels.

[0083] In addition, straight pipe sections are provided at both the inlet and outlet ends of the spiral tube. The straight pipe section at the inlet is used to reduce airflow impact, while the straight pipe section at the outlet is used to stabilize the flow pattern of the mixed gas. The straight pipe section is a straight pipe section located at both ends of the spiral tube. Its function is to provide a buffer and rectification area for the airflow to optimize the flow pattern when the airflow enters and leaves the spiral tube. In addition to providing straight pipe sections, a similar airflow regulation effect can be achieved by setting a diffuser at the inlet or a convergent at the outlet. When the high-speed airflow enters the mixing unit 103 from the ejector unit 102, the inlet straight pipe section can provide a transition area to slow down the abrupt change in airflow velocity and disperse the kinetic energy of the airflow, thereby effectively reducing the direct impact of the airflow on the inlet of the spiral tube, avoiding the generation of local high pressure or eddies, and ensuring that the airflow enters the mixing area smoothly. After the gas is mixed in the spiral tube, its flow pattern may still have some fluctuations or inhomogeneities. The outlet straight pipe section can provide a sufficiently developed area for the mixed gas, allowing the airflow to be further rectified and stabilized before entering the hydrogen elimination unit 104, forming a uniform and stable flow pattern.

[0084] The curved section of the helical tube employs a constant curvature design to accommodate the uniform turbulence formed after the orifice plate 207 is installed, preventing secondary stratification of the airflow at the bend. The constant curvature design means that the helical tube maintains the same bending radius throughout the entire curved path. This design helps maintain the uniformity of velocity and pressure distribution within the curved section, reducing fluid separation or secondary flow phenomena caused by curvature changes. The orifice plate 207 in the ejector unit 102 is designed to create secondary turbulence in the airflow, forming uniform turbulence. The constant curvature design of the helical tube matches this uniform turbulence characteristic, preventing the disruption of the turbulent structure or the generation of new inhomogeneities due to the mismatch between the pipe structure and the flow state after the airflow enters the mixing unit 103. By maintaining uniform force on the fluid within the curved section, the constant curvature design effectively suppresses the generation and development of secondary flow, thereby preventing secondary stratification of the airflow and ensuring mixing uniformity.

[0085] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the problems of airflow impact, flow instability, and stratification, ensuring efficient and uniform mixing of air and tail hydrogen during transportation, laying the foundation for subsequent hydrogen removal treatment. Specifically, the mixing unit 103 adopts a spiral tube, utilizing its spiral path to naturally agitate and fully mix air and tail hydrogen during flow, improving mixing efficiency; a straight pipe section is set at the inlet end to buffer airflow impact, ensuring that the high-speed airflow from the ejector unit 102 smoothly enters the spiral tube, avoiding uneven mixing caused by initial disturbance; a straight pipe section is set at the outlet end to stabilize the mixed gas flow, ensuring that the output airflow flows uniformly to the hydrogen removal unit 104, preventing flow fluctuations from affecting the catalytic reaction; the curved section adopts a constant curvature design, effectively suppressing the generation and development of secondary flow by matching the uniform turbulence characteristics formed after the orifice plate 207, avoiding secondary stratification of airflow due to curvature changes at the bend, maintaining mixing uniformity, and is specifically adapted and optimized for the specific flow state of the upstream ejector unit 102. This structural design ensures that the mixed gas reaches optimal uniformity before entering the hydrogen removal unit 104, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and stability of subsequent catalytic hydrogen removal and reducing the risks of hydrogen treatment.

[0086] In some of the solutions described above in this application, a hydrogen removal unit is proposed to remove hydrogen from the mixed air and tail hydrogen. However, in its implementation, the mixed gas may be unevenly distributed when it enters the hydrogen removal unit, resulting in low catalytic reaction efficiency. Furthermore, the heating method cannot ensure sufficient contact between the gas and the catalyst, affecting the hydrogen removal effect and safety.

[0087] In this regard, this application further proposes that the hydrogen elimination unit 104 includes a heating chamber 402, the side wall of the heating chamber 402 is provided with a connection port communicating with the mixing unit 103, a metal wire mesh 401 is provided at the connection port, and an electric heating rod 403 is provided inside the heating chamber 402. The electric heating rod 403 is arranged along the length direction of the heating chamber 402, and several layers of porous ceramic particles 404 and palladium catalyst 405 are stacked in layers along the length direction of the electric heating rod 403.

[0088] Specifically, the heating chamber 402 is a sealed space for accommodating the catalytic reaction and heating process, typically made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel, special alloys, or ceramics. The connection port is the gas inlet between the heating chamber 402 and the mixing unit 103, and can be connected by flanges, threads, or welding to adapt to different gas flow requirements and ensure airtightness. The wire mesh 401 is a structure placed at the connection port to homogenize the gas flow and reduce impact. It can be made of stainless steel wire mesh, nickel-chromium alloy wire mesh, or ceramic fiber mesh, etc. The mesh size and number of layers can be adjusted according to the gas flow rate and homogenization requirements, and it also serves as a flame arrestor or pre-filter. The electric heating rod 403 is a heating element that converts electrical energy into heat energy to provide the required temperature for the catalytic reaction. It can be U-shaped, straight, or spiral electric heating rods, with the outer shell typically made of high-temperature resistant materials such as stainless steel or Inconel alloy, and the interior filled with insulating and thermally conductive materials such as magnesium oxide powder. The power and quantity can be designed according to the volume of the heating chamber 402 and the required temperature. The porous ceramic particles 404 have a large number of micropores, which are used to increase the specific surface area, promote gas diffusion, and serve as an inert material for catalyst support. They can be spherical, cylindrical, or irregularly shaped particles made of materials such as alumina, silica, zirconium oxide, or cordierite. The porosity and particle size can be optimized according to gas flow resistance and mass transfer requirements, providing not only support but also assisting in gas flow distribution. The palladium catalyst 405 is a catalyst with palladium as the active component that can significantly reduce the activation energy of the hydrogen oxidation reaction and accelerate the reaction rate. It is usually supported on a porous support, such as alumina, titanium dioxide, or activated carbon, to improve its dispersion and stability. The palladium content and loading method can be adjusted according to the hydrogen concentration and reaction temperature. It can also be a noble metal catalyst such as platinum, rhodium, or a combination thereof.

[0089] Through the above technical solution, when the mixed air and the tail hydrogen to be treated enter the hydrogen elimination unit 104 from the mixing unit 103, they first pass through the metal wire mesh 401 at the connection port for uniform flow, effectively avoiding the problem of uneven gas distribution and ensuring that the airflow can enter the heating chamber 402 uniformly, reducing local impact. The electric heating rod 403 is arranged along the length of the heating chamber 402, which can provide uniform and controllable heating, ensuring the temperature stability of the entire catalytic reaction area and avoiding local overheating or insufficient temperature, thus creating favorable conditions for efficient catalytic reaction. Furthermore, the porous ceramic particles 404 and palladium catalyst 405 stacked in layers along the length of the electric heating rod 403 greatly increase the contact area and contact time between the gas and the catalyst. The porous ceramic particles 404 not only serve as a support for the catalyst, but their own porous structure also promotes gas diffusion and uniform distribution, further optimizing the gas-solid contact efficiency. As a highly efficient active component, the palladium catalyst 405 can efficiently and completely oxidize the tail hydrogen into water under uniform temperature and sufficient gas contact conditions. Therefore, this solution effectively solves the problems of uneven gas mixture distribution, insufficient catalyst contact, and low heating efficiency, significantly improving the efficiency of tail hydrogen removal and the operational safety of the device.

[0090] In some embodiments described above in this application, a control system is proposed to coordinate the operation of the intake unit, ejector unit, and hydrogen removal unit. However, in its implementation, the lack of a real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism for hydrogen concentration leads to the inability to dynamically adjust the equipment's operating status according to the actual tail hydrogen concentration, which may result in insufficient processing efficiency or safety risks. For example, it may fail to respond in time when hydrogen concentration fluctuates, causing energy waste or potential explosion hazards. To address this, this application proposes an improved tail hydrogen removal device, wherein the data input terminal of the control system 105 is connected to the hydrogen sensor 206, and the control signal output terminal of the control system 105 is connected to the variable frequency fan 201, the regulating device 202, and the electric heating rod 403, respectively. The control system 105 receives the hydrogen concentration data input from the hydrogen sensor 206, compares it with a set threshold, and sends corresponding control signals to the variable frequency fan 201, the regulating device 202, and the electric heating rod 403.

[0091] Specifically, the hydrogen sensor 206 is a device used to detect the hydrogen concentration or flow rate in the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 in real time, and its function is to accurately obtain hydrogen concentration information. The data input terminal of the control system 105 is an interface or module for receiving external data signals, responsible for transmitting the electrical signals generated by the hydrogen sensor 206 to the control system 105 for processing. This input terminal can be an analog signal input port, or a digital communication interface, such as RS485, CAN bus, or Ethernet interface, or a wireless communication module, to adapt to different sensor output types and system designs.

[0092] The control signal output terminal of the control system 105 is an interface or module used to send control commands or signals. Its function is to send the control commands generated by the control system 105 based on the hydrogen concentration data processing results to actuators such as the variable frequency fan 201, the regulating device 202, and the electric heating rod 403. This output terminal can use relay output, transistor output, PWM (pulse width modulation) output, analog output (such as 0-10V voltage or 4-20mA current), or a digital communication interface to meet the control requirements of different actuators. The variable frequency fan 201 adjusts its speed according to the control signal, thereby changing the flow rate of external air introduced into the intake unit 101 and the speed of the high-speed airflow formed. The variable frequency fan 201 typically consists of an AC motor and a frequency converter. The frequency converter controls the motor speed by changing the power supply frequency and voltage, achieving precise airflow regulation. The regulating device 202 is used to control the number and degree of opening and closing of the intake channel to precisely regulate the airflow entering the ejector unit 102. The device can be an electric valve, a pneumatic valve, a stepper motor-driven baffle, etc., to ensure the matching of airflow and hydrogen flow. The function of the electric heating rod 403 is to adjust the heating power according to the control signal, thereby controlling the temperature of the heating chamber 402 in the hydrogen elimination unit 104 to optimize the efficiency of the catalytic hydrogen elimination reaction. The electric heating rod 403 is usually composed of a resistance wire or a ceramic heating element, and its supply voltage or current is adjusted by the PWM signal or analog signal output by the control system 105, thereby controlling the heat generation.

[0093] The control system 105 reads the electrical signal sent by the hydrogen sensor 206 through its input module and converts it into a processable digital quantity to obtain real-time hydrogen concentration information as the basis for system decision-making. Subsequently, the processor inside the control system 105 executes a preset program to compare the received real-time hydrogen concentration data with one or more preset thresholds (e.g., start-up threshold, alarm threshold, shutdown threshold, etc.) stored in memory to determine whether the current hydrogen concentration has reached a level requiring control measures or is within a safe range. Based on the comparison result, the processor of the control system 105 executes the corresponding control algorithm (such as PID control, fuzzy control, or rule-based control) to calculate the control quantities required for the variable frequency fan 201, the regulating device 202, and the electric heating rod 403, and sends them out through its output module to generate and output corresponding control commands to adjust the operating status of the tail hydrogen elimination device.

[0094] Through the above technical solution, this application constructs a closed-loop intelligent control system, effectively solving the problem of lack of real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment capabilities in the process of tail hydrogen elimination. Specifically, the hydrogen sensor 206 monitors the tail hydrogen concentration in real time, providing accurate data input to the control system 105, enabling the system to make decisions based on actual operating conditions. The control system 105 compares the real-time concentration data with preset thresholds, intelligently judging the trend of tail hydrogen concentration changes, and promptly sending precise control signals to the variable frequency fan 201, the regulating device 202, and the electric heating rod 403. This linkage control mechanism ensures that the air intake unit 101, the ejector unit 102, and the hydrogen elimination unit 104 can work together, dynamically adjusting the air flow rate, ejection intensity, and catalytic reaction temperature according to fluctuations in hydrogen concentration. For example, when the hydrogen concentration increases, the system can automatically increase the air flow rate to improve the dilution effect and ejection efficiency, while adjusting the heating power to ensure catalyst activity, thereby maximizing hydrogen elimination efficiency while ensuring safety. Conversely, when the hydrogen concentration decreases, the system can correspondingly reduce energy consumption. This automated and responsive control strategy significantly improves the operating efficiency, stability, and safety of the tail hydrogen elimination device, avoiding insufficient processing efficiency, energy waste, or potential explosion risks caused by concentration fluctuations.

[0095] This application also proposes a method for eliminating tail hydrogen.

[0096] The method first performs a dynamic hydrogen monitoring step, using a hydrogen sensor 206 to detect the hydrogen flow rate and concentration in the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 in real time, providing a real-time data basis for the system. When the hydrogen concentration reaches or exceeds a set threshold, the intelligent ejection start-up step is initiated. The variable frequency fan 201 draws in external air to form a high-speed airflow, creating a negative pressure zone at the contraction outlet 203 of the air intake unit 101. Based on this, according to the flow control and adjustment device 202, the number and degree of opening and closing of the parallel air intake channels are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the air velocity and hydrogen flow rate are precisely matched, ensuring ejection efficiency and adapting to low-flow scenarios. Subsequently, the tail hydrogen is obliquely injected into the high-speed airflow through the ejection port 204 using the negative pressure zone, and the gas flows through the orifice plate 207 for secondary turbulence to stabilize the mixed flow and reduce gas stratification.

[0097] Furthermore, in the turbulent mixing step, the high-speed gas flow and the tail hydrogen are fully mixed in the helical tube of the mixing unit 103 through a bend of constant curvature. The helical tube and constant curvature design significantly enhance the turbulence effect, ensuring uniform distribution of air and hydrogen and effectively solving the problem of uneven dilution. Finally, in the catalytic hydrogen removal conversion step, the mixed gas is uniformly distributed through the metal wire mesh 401 and then enters the heating chamber 402. It is heated to a suitable temperature by the electric heating rod 403, so that the tail hydrogen is oxidized into water by the porous ceramic particles 404 and the palladium catalyst 405, achieving complete elimination of hydrogen.

[0098] The core innovation of this embodiment lies in combining dynamic hydrogen monitoring with a real-time response mechanism for intelligent ejector activation, while introducing oblique ejection and orifice plate secondary turbulence technology. This solves the problem of uniform mixing and safe handling of low-flow, intermittent tail hydrogen emissions. Specifically, the intelligent ejector activation mechanism based on concentration threshold activation operates only when needed, saving energy and adapting to intermittent emissions; the oblique ejection combined with the secondary turbulence of orifice plate 207 significantly improves mixing uniformity and avoids gas stratification; the spiral tube and other curvature bend design of mixing unit 103 enhances turbulence and ensures thorough mixing; the catalytic hydrogen elimination conversion step uses a combination of flow equalization with metal wire mesh 401 and low-temperature oxidation with palladium catalyst 405 to completely eliminate the risk of backfire. Through the above technical solutions, not only is efficient and automated elimination of tail hydrogen achieved, but also stable operation of the system under low-flow conditions is ensured, effectively reducing energy waste and safety risks, and providing a reliable guarantee for the safe operation of hydrogen energy devices.

[0099] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, a tail hydrogen removal method is proposed to efficiently remove tail hydrogen through dynamic monitoring and catalytic oxidation. However, during shutdown, directly shutting down all equipment when the hydrogen concentration is below the set threshold may cause residual hydrogen to accumulate near the heat source, posing a risk or causing energy waste. If the hydrogen concentration reaches the lower explosive limit and there is no timely response, there is an explosion safety hazard.

[0100] In response, this application further proposes a tail hydrogen removal method, which also includes a safe shutdown control mechanism, wherein the safe shutdown control mechanism performs the following steps:

[0101] When the hydrogen concentration remains below the set threshold:

[0102] First turn off the electric heating rod 403, and then turn off the variable frequency fan 201 after a delay of 30-60 seconds;

[0103] When the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to the lower explosive limit, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately and the power supply will be cut off.

[0104] The aforementioned safe shutdown control mechanism is an automated control strategy used to safely stop or adjust system operation under specific conditions (such as abnormal hydrogen concentration). Its function is to ensure system safety under abnormal operating conditions, especially during shutdowns or emergencies, prevent accidents, and optimize energy use. This mechanism can be implemented in various ways. For example, it can be programmed based on a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or DCS (Distributed Control System) to pre-set logic judgments and execute control commands; alternatively, it can be implemented through an embedded system or microcontroller (such as ARM or FPGA), integrating sensor data processing and actuator control functions; or it can be implemented through an industrial computer or server running dedicated control software, possessing more complex logic processing and data recording capabilities.

[0105] When the hydrogen concentration remains below a set threshold, the system first shuts off the electric heating rod 403, then delays for 30-60 seconds before shutting off the variable frequency fan 201. This step aims to gradually and systematically shut down the system when the hydrogen concentration falls below a safe handling level, avoiding energy waste and ensuring the safe purging of residual hydrogen in the pipeline. Specifically, the control system 105 can achieve a 30-60 second delay using a timer module or software delay function. The electric heating rod 403 is shut down by cutting off its power supply circuit, while the variable frequency fan 201 is shut down by stopping its inverter power supply or sending a stop command. Alternatively, a hardware delay circuit, such as an RC delay circuit or a dedicated delay relay, can be used in conjunction with the control system 105 to achieve precise delay control.

[0106] When the hydrogen concentration reaches or exceeds the lower explosive limit, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and cuts off the power supply. Its purpose is to take immediate emergency measures to minimize the risk of explosion when a dangerous level of hydrogen concentration is detected. Specifically, after receiving the signal from the hydrogen sensor 206, the control system 105 uses a comparator or software logic to determine if the concentration has reached or exceeded the lower explosive limit. Once this is achieved, it immediately outputs a signal to activate the audible and visual alarm and cuts off the main power supply to the entire device via a relay or contactor. Alternatively, an independent hardware safety interlock circuit can be used. When the signal from the hydrogen sensor 206 reaches the danger threshold, it directly triggers the emergency stop relay, cuts off the power supply, and simultaneously activates the audible and visual alarm, ensuring an emergency response even if the control system 105 malfunctions.

[0107] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution:

[0108] At a hydrogen energy application site, such as the exhaust outlet of a fuel cell test bench, exhaust gas containing small amounts of hydrogen is intermittently generated. If this exhaust hydrogen is emitted directly without treatment, it may accumulate in localized areas, posing a risk of reaching explosive limits and endangering the safety of operators and equipment. To address this issue, a tail hydrogen removal device has been deployed at the site.

[0109] When the hydrogen sensor 206 detects in real time that the hydrogen concentration in the tail hydrogen pipeline 205 reaches a preset start-up threshold (e.g., a volume fraction of 0.5%), the control system 105 responds immediately. The control system 105 first sends a start signal to the variable frequency fan 201 of the air intake unit 101. The variable frequency fan 201 then starts running, drawing in ambient air from the outside and accelerating it to form a high-speed airflow. This high-speed airflow passes through several parallel air intake channels and is finally ejected from the contraction outlet 203, forming a local negative pressure zone inside the ejector unit 102.

[0110] Simultaneously, the control system 105 accurately calculates the required airflow based on the hydrogen flow rate and concentration detected by the hydrogen sensor 206, and controls the regulating device 202 on the air intake channel. The regulating device 202 ensures optimal matching between the high-speed airflow entering the ejector unit 102 and the tail hydrogen flow rate to be processed by adjusting the number and degree of opening of the parallel air intake channels, thereby maintaining an ideal hydrogen-air mixing ratio.

[0111] In the ejector unit 102, the ejector port 204 is cleverly positioned within the high-speed airflow negative pressure zone formed by the contraction outlet 203. The tail hydrogen pipeline 205 delivers the tail hydrogen to be treated to the ejector port 204. Due to the negative pressure, the tail hydrogen is efficiently drawn into the ejector unit 102. The central axis of the ejector port 204 forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the airflow direction of the contraction outlet 203, allowing the drawn-in tail hydrogen to integrate into the mainstream airflow at an oblique angle, promoting initial mixing. The tail hydrogen pipeline 205 employs a small-diameter design, working in conjunction with the orifice plate 207 within the ejector unit 102 to further precisely control the intake flow rate of the tail hydrogen. The mixed airflow then flows through the orifice plate 207, located downstream of the ejector port 204, which provides secondary turbulence to the airflow, effectively stabilizing the mixed flow pattern and preventing airflow stratification, laying the foundation for subsequent deep mixing.

[0112] The gas, after being initially mixed and stabilized in the ejector unit 102, enters the mixing unit 103. The mixing unit 103 includes a helical tube. Before entering the helical tube, the gas passes through a straight section at the inlet end to reduce airflow impact. The curved section of the helical tube is designed with uniform curvature to match the uniform turbulence formed after the orifice plate 207, ensuring that the airflow does not undergo secondary stratification when flowing through the curved section, thus allowing the air and tail hydrogen to be fully and uniformly mixed throughout the helical tube. Before leaving the helical tube, the mixed gas passes through a straight section at the outlet end to stabilize the mixed gas flow, preparing it for entry into the hydrogen removal unit 104.

[0113] Subsequently, the uniformly mixed gas enters the hydrogen elimination unit 104. The gas first passes through a metal mesh 401 at the connection port, where the mesh further homogenizes the gas flow and acts as a flame arrestor to prevent potential backfire. After entering the heating chamber 402, the control system 105 controls the heating power of the electric heating rod 403 according to the hydrogen concentration and flow rate, heating the mixed gas to the temperature required for the catalytic reaction. Inside the heating chamber 402, porous ceramic particles 404 and palladium catalyst 405 are stacked in layers along the length of the electric heating rod 403. Under the action of heating and the catalyst, the tail hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air, efficiently converting into harmless water vapor, thus achieving complete elimination of the tail hydrogen.

[0114] Compared to traditional ventilation dilution methods, this device utilizes a high-speed airflow generated by a variable-frequency fan 201 to create an ejection effect, actively and precisely mixing tail hydrogen with air and converting it into water through catalytic oxidation, rather than simple dilution and discharge. This avoids problems of uneven dilution and low treatment efficiency. Compared to direct combustion, this device employs catalytic oxidation, with a reaction temperature far lower than direct combustion, eliminating the risk of flame backfire and significantly reducing energy consumption, making it particularly suitable for low-flow, intermittent tail hydrogen emission scenarios. Furthermore, this device achieves automated processes of dynamic hydrogen monitoring, intelligent ejection, precise mixing, and efficient catalytic hydrogen removal through the coordinated control between the hydrogen sensor 206, control system 105, variable-frequency fan 201, regulating device 202, and electric heating rod 403, and integrates a safe shutdown control mechanism. For example, when the hydrogen concentration remains below a set threshold, the control system 105 will first shut down the electric heating rod 403, and then shut down the variable-frequency fan 201 after a delay of 30 to 60 seconds, ensuring the system safely cools down and treats the residual gas. If the hydrogen concentration unexpectedly reaches the lower explosive limit, the system will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm and cut off the power supply, providing multiple safety safeguards. This integrated airflow-driven, precise mixing, catalytic oxidation, and intelligent safety interlocking mechanism overcomes the shortcomings of existing catalytic oxidation devices that lack effective airflow drive and safety interlocks, significantly improving the efficiency of tail hydrogen treatment and the stability of system operation.

[0115] In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only used for the clarity of expressing the technical solution and for the convenience of description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0116] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0117] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tail hydrogen removal device, characterized in that, include: An air intake unit (101) is connected to the outside at one end and is used to introduce outside air and form a high-speed airflow, which is then input into the ejector unit (102). The ejector unit (102) is connected to the intake unit (101) and is used to introduce the tail hydrogen to be treated and input it into the mixing zone (103) through high-speed gas flow. The mixing unit (103), connected to the ejector unit (102), is used to mix the input air and the tail hydrogen to be processed evenly; The hydrogen removal unit (104) is connected to the mixing unit (103) and is used to remove hydrogen from the mixed air and the tail hydrogen to be treated. The control system (105) is connected to and controls the air intake unit (101), the ejector unit (102), and the hydrogen removal unit (104), respectively.

2. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake unit (101) includes a variable frequency fan (201) disposed at the outer end. One end of the variable frequency fan (201) is used to introduce external air and form a high-speed airflow. The other end of the variable frequency fan (201) is connected to the ejector unit (102) through several parallel air intake channels. Each air intake channel is equipped with an adjustment device (202) for controlling opening / closing, and a contraction outlet (203) is provided at the end of the air intake channel. The contraction outlet (203) is used to input high-speed airflow into the ejector unit (102) and form a negative pressure zone.

3. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ejector unit (102) includes a tubular body that communicates with the contraction outlet (203) of the air intake unit (101). An ejector port (204) is provided at one end of the ejector unit (102). The ejector port (204) transports the tail hydrogen to be processed into the interior of the ejector unit (102) through the tail hydrogen pipeline (205). A hydrogen sensor (206) is provided on the tail hydrogen pipeline (205). An orifice plate (207) is provided at one end of the ejector unit (102).

4. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ejector port (204) is located in the negative pressure zone formed by the contraction outlet (203); the orifice plate (207) is located downstream of the ejector port (204) and away from the ejector port (204), and is used to perform secondary turbulence on the airflow from the ejector port (204) and the contraction outlet (203) to stabilize the mixed flow state; The central axis of the ejector port (204) forms an angle of 30° to 45° with the airflow direction of the contraction outlet (203) so that the inhaled tail hydrogen cuts obliquely into the mainstream airflow; the tail hydrogen pipeline (205) is a small-diameter pipeline, which cooperates with the orifice plate (207) to precisely control the intake flow rate of tail hydrogen.

5. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixing unit (103) includes a spiral tube, one end of which is connected to the tubular body of the ejector unit (102). The input air and the tail hydrogen to be treated are mixed evenly during the flow through the spiral tube. The other end of the spiral tube is connected to the hydrogen elimination unit (104). The spiral tube body has straight pipe sections at its inlet and outlet ends, respectively. The straight pipe section at the inlet end is used to reduce airflow impact, and the straight pipe section at the outlet end is used to stabilize the flow state of the mixed gas. The curved section of the spiral tube body adopts a constant curvature design to adapt to the uniform turbulence formed after the orifice plate (207) is installed, and to avoid secondary stratification of the airflow at the bend.

6. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen removal unit (104) includes a heating chamber (402). The side wall of the heating chamber (402) is provided with a connection port that communicates with the mixing unit (103). A metal wire mesh (401) is provided at the connection port. An electric heating rod (403) is provided inside the heating chamber (402). The electric heating rod (403) is arranged along the length direction of the heating chamber (402). Several layers of porous ceramic particles (404) and palladium catalyst (405) are stacked in layers along the length direction of the electric heating rod (403).

7. The tail hydrogen elimination device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data input terminal of the control system (105) is connected to the hydrogen sensor (206), and the control signal output terminal of the control system (105) is connected to the variable frequency fan (201), the regulating device (202) and the electric heating rod (403) respectively. The control system (105) receives hydrogen concentration data input from the hydrogen sensor (206), compares it with the set threshold, and sends corresponding control signals to the variable frequency fan (201), the regulating device (202), and the electric heating rod (403).

8. A method for eliminating hydrogen tailings, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Hydrogen dynamic monitoring: The hydrogen flow rate and concentration in the tail hydrogen pipeline (205) are detected in real time by a hydrogen sensor (206); S2. Intelligent ejector start: When the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to the set threshold, the variable frequency fan (201) is started to draw in outside air to form a high-speed airflow and a negative pressure zone is formed at the contraction outlet (203) of the air intake unit (101); According to the high-speed airflow flow control and regulation device (202), the number and degree of opening and closing of the parallel air intake channels are adjusted so that the air flow rate matches the hydrogen flow rate. The tail hydrogen is introduced obliquely into the high-speed gas flow through the ejector port (204) in the negative pressure zone, and flows through the orifice plate (207) for secondary turbulence to stabilize the mixed flow state; S3. Turbulent mixing: The high-speed gas flow and the tail hydrogen are fully mixed in the spiral tube of the mixing unit (103) through a bend of equal curvature; S4. Catalytic hydrogen elimination conversion: After the mixed gas is evenly distributed through the metal wire mesh (401), it enters the heating chamber (402) and is heated by the electric heating rod (403), so that the tail hydrogen is oxidized into water by the porous ceramic particles (404) and palladium catalyst (405).

9. The tail hydrogen removal method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a safety shutdown control mechanism, which performs the following steps: When the hydrogen concentration remains below the set threshold: First turn off the electric heating rod (403), and then turn off the variable frequency fan (201) after a delay of 30 to 60 seconds; When the hydrogen concentration is greater than or equal to the lower explosive limit, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered immediately and the power supply will be cut off.

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